Tobacco Documents Online

---

PROFILE OF COMMUNICATORS Communicators become more involved in management, feel more influential in policy-making Today's communicator is better educated, better paid and more actively involved in management and decision-making For example, nearly one in three communicators believes he or she has significant ~nfluence on the policy-making process Eight of 10 have direct access to the top person in the organization. Fudhermore, the number of vice presidents has increased more than 30 percent over 1979 and has gone up more than 70 percent over 1972 While the actual numbers are small, they indicate the direction the profession is moving. Age (median -- 32 years) Under 30 years ............ 36.7% 30-39 years ............... 37.8% 40-~19 years ............... 15.4% 50-59 years ............... 8 3% Over 60 years ............. 1.8% Experience (median -- 5 years) 0-2 years ................. 21 2% 3-4 years ................. 21 4% 5-6 years ................. 15.7% 7-10 years ................ 1~,3% 11 or more ............... 23.4% Salary distribution, 1981 $10,000 - $! 2,499 ......... 4.2% $12,500-$14.999 ......... 54% $15,000-$17,499 ......... 160% $17,500-$19,999 ......... 11.9% $20,000 - $29,999 ......... 38.2% $30.000 - $39,999 ......... 14.0% $40.000 - $49.999 ......... 6 0% $50,000 or more .......... 4.3% Salary distribution, 1972 Under $10,000 ........... 30 3% $10,000 - $14,999 ......... 45 6% $15.000 -$19,999 ......... 18 0% $20.000 - $24.999 ......... 4 5% $25,000 - $29.000 .......... 6% $30.000 or more .......... 9% These are among the findings of "Prolile/81 ," IABC's comprehensive study of the organizational communication profession. The survey found that the typical communicator was about 32, female, with a college degree in journalism and a specialty in news- editorial. The communicator has been with the same employer approximately four years and has held the currenl position about three years. The communicator has been in the profession for about five years. Highlights ol the "Prot'ile/81 "' survey: I~ Salaries for communicators have increased 21.5 percent over 1979, from $20,476 to $24,876. Men's salaries went up 23.1 1 percent, from $24,367 to $30,000: women's increased 22.39 percent. from $17,076 to $20,900. The US consumer price index for the same two-year period increased 27.4 percent. ~1 Communicators in the UK earn nearly $3,000 a year more than their US counterparts; Canadians earn about $3,000 less. ~1 Nearly half of the respondents work for a corporation (48.5 percent); 11 percent work for an association or other nonprofit organization. The balance of the respondents work for hospital and medical institutions (7.8 percent); financial institutions (7.3 percent); government (5.9 percent); educational institutions (4.7 percent); public relations or communication counseling firms (3.7 percent). About 1 percent are split between state-owned corporations (UK) and labor unions; another 1 percent are sell-employed. TI0376OO38

• Communication programs conducted by the respondents reach an av.erage of 80.000 people externally and 2,500 internally. • Communication budgets increased an average of nearly 50 percent between 1979 and 1981: internal communication budgets went up just under 51 percent; external budgets, about 55 percent. Communication budgets are averaging almost $250,000: internal budgets average more than $100,000, while external budgets are in the $350,000 range • The communicator was most likely to have come to his or her job from school (26.5 percent) or from a newspaper (17.4 percent). • Nine out of 10 communicators were graduated from college. Nearly one in five has done some post- graduate work and 19 percent have earned a master's degree Age and Salary $19.300 $18 400 Age Up to 29 30-39 United Kingdom communicators earn, on average, slightly more than their US counterparts; Canadians average slightly less $30.7C0 .~:~.~ ,,~. $30.000 $25.788 ~CON $30.730: $23 700 C~092h $20.900 $19,488 ~CDN $232CO, Women Women Women OVERALL $27.442 £t26-~6, $24,876 $21.168 CON S252C, C= Un=ted K~ngdom Unde0 States Canada • The majority of communicators work in a three-person depadment headed by a director (35.2 percent) or vice president (23 4 percent). • Better than one in two respondents (54 percent) spends at least 50 percent of his or her time on management duties. The single largest block of management time (20 percent) is spent-exchanging information and coordinating with persons outside the department. The remainder of the hme is spent on planning, supervising and staffing the department: collecting and preparing information for reports and records; evaluating performance: negotiatin~ for goods and serwces, and represenhng the organization with individuals or external groups. S53.0oo" S35,600 $35,800 S23.300 Women 40-49 50-59 Over 60 $23 ~ 00" "Small sample Overall $18.900 $26.200 $30.500 $31.900 $39.400" One in three communicators majored in journalism Major % Men Women Journahsm ............... 33.6% 31,5% 31 5% Enghsh/speech ........... 195% 17,9% 204% Comrnumcabon/pr ........ 122% 107°'0 135% Business/economics ...... 9 7% 12 6% 7 5% Soc=al science ............ 8 4% 10 7% 7 0% Other .................... 16.7% 3 6% 6 2% Department In which communicator works 1981 Public relabons ........... 25 0% Communication ...........17.2% Pubhc al!a~rs ............. 9 3% Personnel/ Human resources ....... 9.1% Marketing / Advertising ..... 7 8% Internal commun~cahon .... 6 6% Pubhc intormahon ......... 4.3% AdmmJstrabon ............4 1% Video/AV ................4% Other .................... 12 5% 1979 1972 25.3% 45 2% 20 0% 11 3% 6 9% n.'a 6 7% ! 3 5% 7.1% n/a 2 2% 5 5% 5 4% n."a 1 4% 1 4%" n/a 81% 156% T103760039

Methodology "Profile~81" was mailed in early 1981 to 1,500 -randomly selected IABC members in the United States, Canada and to members at large as well as to all members in the United Kingdom. ..... Fi[~,percent of those polled responded to the survey; of:these, 85 percent were from the United . States; .1,~..!p~r.cent from. Canada; nearly 2 percent from the LIr{tt~:i Ki.ngdom, and 2 percent from other :. ,Baker, ~lii~10t~Depeilment of Medical Education ..; and S¢le~icii~airs; Texas Medical Association, ~"-:~r~ tAB~ ;~:.~i:~=::~oor"dinated the survey and ~".~ ~.~nalysi~tj~i.~ns.' ~/ere pretested by members of the Va .r~.0dv~r.l~land, New York, Fort Wayne, San A0toniq. and. IABC/NC Piedmont chapters. --~Statistical compilation and analysis were • directed.by Dr. Keith Sanders, Graduate Studies :center,Schoo~ of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia. ' AcknoWledgements IABC acknowledges the assistance of the "lSrofile/81" advisory committee: John Aspery, ABC, manager of public relations, H. J. Heinz Company, Ltd. (UK); Linda Buck, director of membership, Texas Medical Association; William Cradle, second vice president, Chase Manhattan Bank;, Roger Feather, ABC, Feather Communications Services; Roy Foltz, ABC/APR. vice president, Towers. Perrin, Forster & Crosby, Inc. Peter C. Jackson, ABC, group communication manager, Cadbu~Schweppes, Ltd. (UK); Myra Kruger, manager, employee infdrm&tion, 3M Company; George V. t~i'nberti.:.ABC~manager, employee/commr~ni~yaffairs,.~'Caii~dian .Cellulose Company, Ltd,; ~l~r~n Leal~. r,'P'ublications manager, Industrial Inder~ni.ty.i3~;;,~K~th~tine Meek, compensation specl~|i~ T6~".rs:iP~rrir~ F~rster & Crosby, Inc. . , ~.:~i:.i .-i~:.. : .: . . Dr. Douglas Ann Newsom,...c~.airman, Depart- ment of Journalism, Texas Chdst. ieq.,U .r~y..ersity; James E. Rutledge, ABC/APR,om~r~ger of. communications, Converse WardD.~v{s Dixon; Paul Sanchez, APR, director of communicetiofts, Hay Associates; Lynda J. Stewart, ABC," director of communications, Cox Broadcasting Corp.; Lane M. Talburt, APR, distdct staff man~ger, public relations, Soulhwestem Bell. Note All salary conversions in "Profile/81" are based on the exchange rate for April 14, 1981: CDN $1 = $0.84; £ = $2.17. Since not all respondents answered all questions, adjustments have been made in the compilations causing differences in some of the statistical data• EDUCATION More communicators earn master's degrees; pursue diversified curriculum while in school While one out of three "Profile/81" respondents holds a journalism degree, this is a decline from the nearly 40 percent who were journalism graduates when "Profile/79" was conducted. Master's degree holders have increased about 7 percent since 1979 to 19 percent of the total respondents in 1981. More than 26 percent of the men respondents earned master's degrees. Women took post- graduate courses but were not as likely to have completed work for a master's degree. Men were also more likely to have earned a doctoral degree. Business and economics were studied by nearly 10 percent of the communicators, compared to 6.3 percent in 1979. Men were more likely than women to have followed a business program in college (12.6 percent to 7.5 percent). English and speech programs continued to be second most popular curriculum areas with communicators -- the choice of 19.5 percent of the respondents. Communication and public relations drew another 12.2 percent, and social science areas 8.4 percent. News-editorial programs favored Of those respondents with a journalism undergraduate major, T103760040

more than 43 percent were in a news-editorial sequence. The balance were in public relations (16 percent); mass communications (nearly 10 percent); publishing (just over 8 percent): broadcasting {7.5 percent); advertising (more than 6 percent); magazines and photo- journalism (about 3 percent each). Women were more likely to take a major in news-editorial, public relations, advertising, magazines and mass communications. Men were more prevalent in broad- casting, publishing and photo- journalism. Highest average salary was earned by both men and women who had economics as an under- graduate major. However, men averaged $23,300 more than women: $52,000 compared to $281700. Women public relations majors earned slightly more than their male counterparts ($20,200 to $20,100). In only one other under- graduate category (psychology) were salaries comparable. In all other subject areas, men communi- cators are earning $4,000 Io $14,000 more than women. Part of this difference in current More than one-fourth of communicators enter field from college Prior occupation: Student .................. 26.5% Newspapers .............. 17.4% Secretarial/clerical ........ 6.8% Teaching ................ 6.2% Radio/TV ................ 5.0% Advertising ............... 4.4% Marketing/Sales promotion 4.4% Personnel ................ 4.0% Magazines (consumer/trade) ....... 3.7% Military .................. 1.3% Other .................... 20.4% salary levels may be accounted for by the higher percentage of men holding masters and doctoral degrees. Many aimed for allied fields while in school. Communicators whose col(ege career choice was not organiza- tional communication, opted for a wide range of specialties. The majority (nearly 60 percent) were ~n allied helds: newspapers, advertising, public relations, magazines, journalism, broadcast news and production and freelance writing. The remainder had aimed for teaching (17 percent) and, to a far lesser degree, business and management, the clergy, marketing, fine arts, sales, law, forestry, personnel, bookstore manager, the foreign service, secrelariat, accounting, health care adminis- tration, management consulting, engineering, agriculture, textile design, government and composing. Nearly 6 percent had been undecided on a career choice before being graduated. Education level of communicalors High school .................. Some college/university ....... College degree/cedificate ...... "Some post-grad ............... Master's (;~jee ............... Doctoral degree ............... A/O level, matric (UK) ......... Other ........................ Oral'all ~ li~1 Ikn Woml~ ll't~ 1.2% 1.8% .8% 2.6% 10.6% 10.3% 10.8% 14.2% 46.9% 39,3% 51.9% 64.5% 19.8% 18.0% 20.9% n/a 19.0% 26.1% 14.4% 17.8% .7% 1.5% .3% .9% .7% 1.5% .3% n/a 1.0% 1.5% .8% n/a Majodty of Journalism majors still specialize in news-editorial O~trall tl~ News-editorial .............. 43.2% 41.1 % Public relations ............. 16.1% 14.5% Mass communication ......... 9.9% 8.9% Publishing ................. 8.1% 8,9% Broadcasting ............... 7.5% 12,9% Advertising ................ 6.2% 5.6% Magazines ................. 3.1% 1.6% Photojournalism ............ 2.8% 4.0% Other ..................... 3,1% 2.4% Wo,rn~fl 44.1% 17.4% I0.8% 7.7% 3.6% 6.7% 4.1% 2.1% 3.6% Salary by education Overall Men Wom~n High school $30,400 $28,500" $23,700" Some college $25,900 $34,200 $20,000 College degree $22,400 $26.200 $19,900 Some post-grad work $24,600 $30,400 $21,100 Master's degree $29.600 $33,600 $24200" Oocloral degree $36,800 $41,700 $17,500" A/O level, matric (UK) $25,700 $26,300* "Small sample sizel Ti03760041

PROFILE OF ORGANIZATIONS Better titles, more diversified duties lead to greater advancement potential Corporate life conhnues to draw the largest percent of communi- cators, About 48.5 percent of the 1981 respondents were with corporations, about equally divided between privately held and publicly held companies. The next largest group (at 11 percent) were with associations or nonprofit organizations, followed by hospital or medical institutions (nearly 8 percent) and financial institutions (at just over 7 percent). Communicators in public relations departments remained steady at 25 percent; about the same percent are in communication or internal communication depart- ments. Nearly 60 percent of the respon- dents described their primary function as manager or communi- cator; about 32 percent said writer or editor described their job. An increasing number of communication departments are being headed by vice presidents, up more than 5 percent over 1979. Nearly 4 percent of these depart- ments are headed by a president, executive director or CEO More than a third have a director or manager at the top. The number of departments headed by editors remained about the same as two years ago. One in five vice presidents works for a private corporation and Years with Organization (median -- 3 years) 0-2 ..................... 41.9% 3-4 ..................... 20.3% 5-6 ..................... 10.4% 7-10 .................... 124% 11 plus .................. t 5.0% another 26 percent work for a public relations or counseling firm. Better than one in three writers holds a position with a public corporation; however, more than 36 percent of the editorial assistants are with nonprofit organizations. Nearly half of the directors work for a nonprofit organization or for a medical/hospital institution, Two-thirds of the managers are evenly divided in communication departments of public and private corporations. Programs meeting objectives More than half of the communi- cators said their organization had written objectives for the communi- cation program, Of these, nine of 10 said that the communications objeclives support overall objectives of the organization. Nearly 80 percenl said that the Type of organization 1961 1979 Corporation ........ 48.5%" 55.3% Association or nonprofit ......... 11.0% 7.1% Hospital/medical institution ....... 7.8% 5,7% Financial institution ........7.3% 8.8% Government ....... 5.9% 4.9% Educational inshtution ........4.7% 4 0% Public relations/ Communication counsehng firm ... 3.7% n/a Self-employed ...... 1.3% 1 1% State-owned corp. (UK) ........ 4% n/a Labor union ......... 3% n/a Other .............. 9.1% 13.0% "Pub~ 23 b~o. private 24 9% T103760042

communication program met the objectives always or often, and that obiectives were periodically reviewed and measured against performance. Nearly half of the internal and external communication programs are more than seven years old, with a higher percent of external communication programs more than 1 0 years old: 41.5 percent to 37.5 percent. Just over 7 percent of 1he internal programs were starled during the past year, and 9.5 percent of the external programs are that new. Employees, management are key audiences Better than seven in 10 communicators said Ihat employees were the primary audience for their communication programs Another 11 percent considered them a secondary audience. More than half said that manage- ment and administrators were primary audiences for their communication programs One out of three respondenls addressed primary communication effods at community residents and nearly a third sought to influence opinion . leaders. Opinion and attitude surveys were the most frequently cited feedback procedures, used by 41.5 percent of the survey respondents. These were followed closely (39.4 percent) by readership surveys and meetings (34,4 percent). One in three communicators uses personal interviews for feedback purposes and one in four conducts marketing research. More support from top, increase in media use noted by communicators Communication programs have changed during the past two years -- for the most part, the changes have meant higher budgets, more support from the top, a larger role Percentage o! communicators and average salaries by product or service of organization Aerospace ................... 2 4% Agriculture ................... I 2% Automotwe ................... 1.6% Chemical ..................... 1.9% Computer technology .......... 3.0% Education .................... 6.1% Engineenng ~construchon ...... 2.5% Finance/banking .............. 6 1% Food/beverage ............... 2.8% Forest producls' paper ......... 1.6% Graphic arts / pnnhng .......... 1.8% Ir~surance .................... 5.9% Manulaclur,ng ................ 91% Medical,' hosD~[al .............. 9 7% Metals.,' mm~ng ................ 1.8% Petroleum .................... 4.2% Pharmaceutical ............... 2.9% Pubhc relahons ............... 2 1% Pubhshmg .................... 1 3% Retml sales ................... 2.7% Transportation ................ 1.3% Utd~ty commumcabon ......... 3.3% Ubhty water power/gas ....... 5.3% Other ........................ 21.4% 19B1 1979 $32,000 1.3% $22,000 $24,300 n/a n/a $26,300 1 7% $23,438 $22,700 2 4% $22,633 $26,800 n/a n/a $19,500 4 9% $16,875 $24,900 2 5% $18,795 $19,600 7 8% $16.222 $23,900 41% $19.112 $31.300 n/a n/a $27,300 8% $22,500 $24,300 8.1% $16.300 $24,800 13 8% 519.219 $22,400 6 7% 518.221 $30,500 2 1% 522.321 $26,700 3 5% $22.891 $27,100 1.3% 52t.364 $28,200 1 5% 521.989 $25.000 1 5% $t6 641 $24,000 2 53/0 St 5 865 $32,100 2 1% St 8.750 $29.1 O0 4 8% $22932 $25.900 6 2% 522 000 $25,300 n/a n "a Most organizational communication programs are candid and honest Always .......... 24 8% IBBBmmmBB== Usually .......... 52.9% ==mmm~mmBB~II~BBBB Occasionally ..... 18 3% BB~B~ Never ........... 3 6% D Employees key audience for most communication programs: Employees ............... 70.3% Management/ admmislrators .......... 52.0% Customers ............... 34.5% Communily residents ...... 33.1% Opinion leaders ........... 28.7% Shareholders/financial analysts ............... 23.1% Retirees ................. 21.7% Members/volunleers ...... 21.0% Educators/students ....... 15 2% Dealers/agents ........... 13.9% Donors .................. 12.5% Patients .................. 10. 7% Alumnz ................... 6.1% IBHI|II/HHI HilHI/IIHI HHII/HI iHmiH NNmNmJl mi~mmumm~m Nm~Nmmm! m~mm mmmml uBnm mm T103760043

for the communicator and greater use of print and audio-visual media. Responses were: Increase in print media ........ 61.4% Budget increase .............. 54.5% Increase in audio-visual media , 48.6% More support from top ......... 43.9% Increase in staff .............. 42.5% More significant role in the organization ............ 41,4% Department reorganization ..... 38.7% Increased technology ......... 33.9% Greater centralization .......... 25.2% On the negative side, inflation and the economy seemed to affect a number of communication depart- ments. About 11 percent said they were now receiving less support from top management; just over 9 percent said they had a less significant role in the organization, and 11 percent had a budget cut. About 9 percent decreased their use of print media and 6.5 percent decreased use of audio-visual media. Nearly 14 percent faced greater decentralization in their department and 15.6 percent lost staff. Just over 14 percent said there was ~ major shift in company policy and about 6.3 percent said there were no changes in the communi- cation program during the past two years. Future bright Prospects for the future are bright with nearly half of the respondents foreseeing a more significant role in the orgamzation, some 53 percent predicting larger communication budgets and more than 43 percent indicating more support from top management. In addition, better than half see greater use of audio-visual media and nearly 46 percent an increase in print media. About 11 percent said their communication programs would be essentially the same in two years as they are now A small group saw some shrinkage ~n staff (7.2 percent) in budget (6.9 percent)in use of print (8.2 percent) and audio-visual media (5 percent). About 6 percent saw their own role in the organization declining and nearly the same number said they would be getting less support from top management. Nearly one in three said the department was likely to be reorganized and 11 percent foresaw greater decentralization. Major issues for future Economic issues, employee morale and productiwty are the major concerns that communicators will be facing ~n the near future. Nearly two in three communi- cators said that maintaining employee morale and motivation would be the key issue for their communication efforts in the next two years. More than a third c~ted inflation and recession as the major issues they would be addressing over the same period. Issues of prime importance identified by communicators: Employee morale/moI~vation .,. 60.6% Procluclivity .................. 42.7% Inflation/recession ............ 39.2% Government regulation ........ 38.2% Energy s~tuation .............. 36.6% Cost containment ............. 36.2% Technological advances ....... 33 7% Economic competition ......... 32.0% Consumerism ................ 30.3% Social responsibildy ........... 25.5% Equal opporlunity / affirmative action ............. 24.1% Occupalional safety/health .... 23 5% Professionalism ............... 22.5% Labor relabons ............... 22 0% Changing socio-polihcal altitudes of lhe population .............. 21.7% Environmentalism ............. 19.7% Changing demographic composition of the population .............. 18.6% Mental health/alcoholism/drugs 16.6% Ethics and accountability ...... 1 5 9% Corporate mergers ............ 14.6% Internahonal relations .......... 14.5% Titles of men and women in organizational communication field % % % President/Executive director/CEO ............ 1.7 Vice president .............. 2.9 Director/Manager ........... 33.6 Supervisor ................. 2.1 Officer ..................... 1.8 Consultant ................. 3.5 Coordinator ................ 8.8 Specialist .................. 6 8 Editor ...................... 23.6 Assistant ................... 1 7 Writer ...................... 4.0 Other ...................... 9.4 Men Women 31 .8 5.0 1.5 43.1 27 4 7.2 2 3 2.0 2.0 28 28 5.4 11 2 5.0 8 1 18.8 27O .8 2 3 2.7 48 Average salary compared with titles TIIle Overall President/Executive director/CEO ...... $41,600 Vice president ....... $37,200 Director ............. $26,900 Manager ............ $29,700 Supervisor ........... $26,000 Officer .............. $20,600 Coordinator .......... $22,400 Specialist ............ $20,100 Editor ............... $21,700 Editorial assistant .... $15,600 Wrder ............... $26,400 Consultant .......... $30,200 Other ............... $19.600 Men Women $46,900 $29,300° $43,500 $22,300 $32,000 $22,200 $33,400 $25,700 $31,600 $22,800 $24,900 $18.500 $26,700 $20.400 $21,900 $18,800 $25,000 $19,500 $20.200 $14,600 $30.700 $22,000 $37.800 $20.100 $23,400 $18,200 "Small sample TI03760044

Geographic scope of communication programs: International .............. 27.9% National ................. 18.3% Regional ................. 14.5% Local .................... t 4.4% State/Province ........... 12.6% US and Canada .......... 9.1% County (UK) ............. 1.3% Other .................... "1.9% More use o! audio-visuals, larger budgets and staffs envisioned for the future: Budget ~ncrease .......... 53 1% Increase in audio-visual med~a ...... 51 _5% Increase in staff .......... 48.9% More significant role in organization .......... 48.2% Increase in pnnt media .... 45.8% More support from top management ........... 43.4% Increased technology ..... 36.3% Majority feel that top person in organization plays key role in overall communication climate: Significantly .............. 59,3% Quile a bit ............... 26.1% A little ................... 10.0% Very little ................. 3.9% Not at all .................. 7% Communicators use a wide range of programs for feedback: Opinion/attitude surveys.., 41 5% Readership surveys ....... 39.4% Meetings ................. 34.4% Personal mlerviews ....... 32.4% Market~ng research ....... 21.7% Suggestion plans ......... 16.4% Question and answer columns ............... 14 9% Speak up programs ....... 11,9% Telephone call-ins ........ 7,9% Briefing groups (UK) ...... 6.1% How communicators view policy-making Influence compared to salary % O~erall Men Women Extremely inlluential .............. 7 2% $39,500 $21.800 Very influential ................... 20.3% $34,700 $23.100 Marginally influential .............. 4?9% $28.000 $21,100 Not influential .................... 24 2% $24,200 $18.700 Communication departments noted Increased staff, budget, use of media in past two years: Increase in print media ......... 61.4% Budget increase ................ 54.5% Increase in audio-visual media... 48.6% More support from top management ................ 43.9% Increase in staff ................ 42.5% More significant role in organizalion ............... 41.4% Reorganization of department .... 38.7% Increased technology ........... 33.9% ~i~nluun~ uluunmn ~u~u NHNN nnmml ~mml Majority of communicators find strong support for communication within organization: Very supportive ................ 30.6% ...... _ .... Generally support=ve ............ 36.1% Mild~ysuppertive ............... 27.8% ~_- " -- Nor,supportive ................. 5.3% Oon't know .................... .3% i T103760045

II SALARIES Northeast US communicators highest paid; US District 7 men, women closest in salary Salaries paid to US communica- tors now top those paid to their Canadian counterparts, although there are significant differences among IABC districts and between men and women. Northeastern US communicators in IABC District 1 have the highest average salary, $27,100, followed by US Distract 4. $24,800; US District 3. $24,100; US Districts 2 and 6. at $100 apart -- $23,700 to $23,600; US District 7, $21,700 and Canada District 1, $21,1 68 (CDN $25.200). Male/female salaries are closest in US District 7 -- a difference of $3.800 -- and greatest in US District 4. nearly $15,000. Men in US District 1 average $11,200 more than their female colleagues; differences in other districts are: US 2. $10.600: US 3. to Canada Diatdd 1 Alberla, Br~sh Colum- bia, Mandoba. New Brunswick. Newfound- lend. Norlhwest T~rr~- tortes. Nova Scotia. Ontario. Prince Edward Island. Quebec, Sas- katchewan. Yukon US Dlafficl 1 Conr~cticul. Marne, Massachusetls. New Harnpsh=re. New Jersey. New York. Pennsylvania (eastern). Rhode Island. Verrnonl US gl|trlct 2, Alabama. A~ken~as, Florida. Georgia. Ken- tucky. Louisiana. Mis- sissippi. Nortr~ Carolina. Puerto R~co, South Carolina. Tennessee US District 3 Delaware. D,strict ot Columbia. MaP/lend, Pennsylvania (western). Virginia. West Virginia US Dlelrl¢! Ilhnois. Iowa. MJnne. sole. Missouri (eastern). Average Men Women Nebraska. NOrlh Dako- la, South Dakota. Canada #1 $21,168 $25,788 $19,488 wisconsin (CDN $25200) (CDN$30.700) (CON $23.200) US District Arizona. Co~o~ado, US ~tl $27,100 $33,900 $22,700 Kansas, M,ssouri US #2 $23,700 $29,100 $16,500 (western). New Mexico. Oklahoma, Texas US #3 $24,100 $30,300 $19,600 US Dlatrl¢! 6 Alaska. California. US ~4 $24,800 $33,600 $18,900 Hawaii. )dated. Mort- US t~5 $22,800 $26,000 $20,300 lane. Nevada, Oregon. U~=~% Washingto~ US ~6 $23,600 $26,300 $21.500 US OlaL,'lcl 7 US ~'7 $21,700 $'24,200 $20,400 T103760046