NYSA TI Multipage 2
Excom Mail - August 11, 1994 Alexis de Tocqueville Inst Study
Abstract
TO: The Members of the Executive Committee FROM: Samuel D.
Fields
- NYSA numbers
- 0361 B1793 02C
- Named Organization
- American Cancer Society
- American Council on Science and Health (Formed by the petrochemical industry for scientific defense)
- American Lung Association
Voluntary health organization concerned with fighting lung disease, promoting lung health and advocating clean air, indoors and out.- American Medical Association (physicians group)
Professional trade group representing American physicians.- Auburn University
- California State University-Northridge
- Cato Institute (Pro-industry think-tank)
- CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Clemson University
- Commission on Civil Rights
- Committee on Energy and Commerce
- Committee on Environment (U.S. Senate)
- Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
- Congressional Research Service (Criticized 1993 EPA ETS report)
Criticized EPA's January 1993 report designating passive smoke as a carcinogen- Defense Department (DOD)
- Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- *Department of Energy (use United States Department of Energy)
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- EPA Science Advisory Board (unit of EPA)
- Exxon
- Federal Register (publication)
- Federal Trade Commission (Enforcement agency for laws against deceptive advertising)
Enforces laws against false and deceptive advertising, including ads for tobacco products. Ensures proper display of health warnings in ads and on tobacco products;collects and reports to Congress information concerning cigarette and smokeless tobacco advertising, sales expenditures, and the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide content of cigarettes.- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- FYI (Philip Morris report of news clips circulated in NY)
- General Accounting Office
- Geological Survey (USGS)
- George Mason University
- Government Accountability Office (GAO)
- Harvard University
- Healthy Buildings International (industry-funded ventillation experts)
Worked closely with the industry to encourage corporations not to ban smoking but to look for other causes of air pollutions. Used the term "Sick Building Syndrome". Founder: @robertson_gray- Heritage Foundation
- Houghton-Mifflin (publishing house)
- House of Representatives
- Johns Hopkins University
- Journal of the National Cancer Institute (scientific periodical)
- Lehigh University
- Library of Congress
- Monsanto
- National Academy of Sciences
- National Academy Press
- National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health (NCSH)
NCSH was created in 1964 by the Public health Service. Forerunner of the Office on Smoking and Health. Responsible for creating reports on the health effects of smoking.- National Education Association
- National Research Council
- National Safety Council
- Navy
- New York Times
- Office of Technology Assessment
- Olin
- Oxford University
- Rand Institute
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Senate
- Singer
- Stanford University
- Subcommittee on Health and the Environment
- Sweet Briar College
- Tobacco Institute (Industry Trade Association)
The purpose of the Institute was to defeat legislation unfavorable to the industry, put a positive spin on the tobacco industry, bolster the industry's credibility with legislators and the public, and help maintain the controversy over "the primary issue" (the health issue).- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- United States Congress
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)
- University of Georgia
- University of North Carolina Press
- University of Ohio
- University of Tennessee
- University of Texas Health Science Center
- University of Virginia
- US Department of Energy
- Wall Street Journal
- Washington Post (Newspaper)
- American Council on Science and Health (Formed by the petrochemical industry for scientific defense)
- Named Person
- Abel, Philip H.
- Acton, Jan Paul
- Adler, Jonathan
- Ames, Bruce
- Ames, Bruce N.
- Anderson, Gary
- Anderson, Jack (Columnist with Clarion-Ledger in 1964)
- Anderson, Terry
- Angier, Natalie
- Applegate, Rachael
- Avery, Dennis T.
- Barnett, Harold C.
- Bartlett, Bruce
- Bate, Roger
- Berkeley, Lawrence
- Black, Duncan
- Bolch, Ben
- Bord, Nancy
- Bovard, James
- Brady, Gordon L.
- Breyer, Stephen
- Briggs, Shirley A.
- Brockie, Robert E.
- Brookes, Warren
- Brown, Lester
- Browner, Carol (EPA Administrator, became head of EPA)
- Browner, Carol M.
- Brownson, Ross C.
- Bullard, Robert
- Canak, Love
- Canal, Love
- Carson, Rachel
- Chilcote, Samuel D., Jr. (TI President (1981-1997))
Chilcote has knowledge of The Tobacco Institute's and the tobacco industry's participation in public fraud and disinformation relative to health hazards of tobacco use, in the manipulation of nicotine in tobacco products and in marketing of tobacco products to children.- Clark, Jeffrey
- Clinton, Bill
- Cohen, Bernard
- Cohen, Bernard L.
- Cole, Leonard A.
- Conda, Cesar
- Conda, Cesar V.
- Cough, Michael
- Curie, Marie (Physicist & Chemist, Nobel Laureate, Radioactivity)
- Dalton, Brett
- Dalton, Brett A.
- Darby, Michael
- Dixon, Lloyd S.
- Doll, Richard
- Echard, Jo Kwong
- Efron, Edith
- Fishbein, Estelle
- Foster, Kenneth R.
- Found, Love Canal
- Geren, Pete
- Geren, Peter
- Gold, Lois
- Gold, Lois S.
- Gold, Lois Swirsky
- Goldman, Steven L.
- Goodman, John C.
- Goodman, Sandra L.
- Goodwin, Richard
- Gore, Al
- Gough, Michael
- Graham, John
- Gravelle, Jane G (scientist)
1994 tesified that there was not evidence to support the claim that ETS exposure presetns substantial health effects.- Griggs, Malcolm
- Guimond, Richard
- Hamilton, James
- Hamilton, James T.
- Herman, Robin
- Hopkins, Thomas
- Huber, Gary L.
- Hunter, Robert B., M.D. (AMA President (1981); b. April 10, 1919 d. March 6, 1992 Se)
- Jeff, Kent
- Jeffreys, Kent
- Johnston, J. Bennett
- Kerr, Richard
- Kimbrough, Renate D.
- Lapp, Ralph E.
- Leal, Don
- Lee, Dwight R.
- Lehr, Jay H.
- Lis, James
- Lovelock, James
- Lutter, Randall
- Lyon, Harold
- Lyons, Harold
- Mahoney, Laura A.
- Marlow, Michael
- Marshall, George C.
- Mcgee, Robert W.
- Miller, Sanford
- Mills, Mike (Judiciary Chairman)
- Moore, Thomas Gale
- Morell, David
- Morrow, William
- Moynihan, Daniel P.
- Nazaroff, William W., Ph.D. (Environmental Engineer, U of CA Berkeley, Anti-Tobacco Exper)
- Nero, Anthony V., Jr.
- Neuberger, John S.
- Peto, Richard
- Pinkerton, Sharon
- Porter, J. Winston
- Pugh, Daniel W.
- Ralston, Bill
- Raub, William
- Ray, Lee
- Reilly, Bernard
- Reilly, Les V.
- Reilly, William K. (EPA Administrator)
- Reilly, William K.
- Reinhold, Van Nostrand
- Ross, Malcolm
- Russell, Milton
- Sagan, Leonard A.
- Sarno, Doug
- Schneider, Keith
- Schwartz, John (Reporter)
- Shanahan, John
- Singer, Fred
- Singer, S. Fred
- Slattery, Jim
- Smith, Fred L., Jr.
- Stevens, Aaron
- Stone, Richard
- Stossel, John (20-20 News Correspondent)
- Strock, James M.
- Stroup, Richard L.
- Thorton, Mark
- Thurmond, James Strom (U.S. Senator from South Carolina, Dixiecrat candidate for pr)
- Tollison, Robert D. (industry consultant)
1994 Used by industry to discuss economic and other impacts of OSHA regulation of workplace smoking. Proposed consultant to comment on Federal OSHA proposal on workplace smoking.- Townsend, Bradley
- Tucker, William
- Vedder, Richard
- Vogt, Donna U.
- Wagner, Richard
- Warren, Melinda
- Whelan, Elizabeth
- Whelan, Elizabeth M.
- Wildavsky, Aaron (Ran public policy institute, was a suporter of TASSC)
Contracted to the tobacco industry- William, Prince
- Yandle, Bruce
- Zimmer, Richard
- Zimmerman, Dennis
- Acton, Jan Paul
- Date Loaded
- 27 Jan 2005
- Box
- 9554. Samuel D. Chilcote, Jr. Executive Committee 1994 meeting and mailings
- Folder
- ExCom Mail - August 11, 1994 Alexis de Tocqueville Inst Study
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Excom Mail - August 11, 1994
Alexis de Tocqueville Inst Study
THE TOBACCO INSTITUTE
1 B75 [ STRF~'F. NORTHWF.qT
WASHINfTFON. DC
2021457~800 • 80C1/898~4:13
SAM'UEL D. CHILCOTE, JR.
President
August II, 1994
MEMORKND~
TO: The Members of the Executive Committee
FROM: Samuel D. Chilcote,
This morning Reps. Peter Geren (D-TX) and John Mica (R-FL) held a
press conference announcing the release of a study by the Alexis
de Tocqueville Institution that evaluates the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) scientific principles used to justify
policy decisions. Geren and Mica were joined by Cesar Conda,
executive director of the de Tocqueville Institution and
coauthors Dr. S. Fred Singer and Kent Jeffreys.
Press coverage included States News Service, Stephens Publishing
and Cable Congress. Several congressional staffers also
attended. Copies of the Geren/Mica "Dear Colleague" letter,
press release and the study are enclosed.
The study provides case studies of four recent controversial risk
assessments conducted by the EPA on environmental tobacco smoke
(ETS), radon, pesticides and Superfund. With regard to ETS, the
report addresses the EPA science and EPA economics of ETS.
Dr. Singer explained that the study was peer reviewed by a number
of scientists and economists so that real risks and costs
benefits to society could be sufficiently evaluated. He said
that a good portion of the nation's gross national product is
"tied up" in environmental controls and stressed the importance
of spending those dollars wisely by distinguishing real risks
from "phantom problems."
Jeffreys pointed to the recent media attention on clinton
Administration officials lying to or withholding information from
Congress. During the question-and-answer session, Jeffreys said
that EPA is not communicating the whole truth to the public and
policymakers about risks. He told the group that EPA often
relies on incomplete information by basing risks on single case,
nonreplicable results. In the case of ETS, the EPA used
irrelevant data and applied inconsistent methodology, Jeffreys
said.
On the subject of ETS, Jeffreys said that the research is
incomplete and irrelevant to the questions being asked about the
actual risk in public settings. He said that "the research EPA
T!10882880
The Members of the Executive Committee
August II, 1994
Page Two
examined focused on nonsmoking spouses in the home...for that
reason alone, the EPA report is irrelevant." Jeffreys added that
based on the data, "I can't prove that ETS is not a risk of lung
cancer, but EPA can't prove that it is." He concluded by saying
it would be irresponsible for Congress to regulate ETS based on
the EPA report.
The de Tocqueville Institution also provided this report to EPA
in response to EPA's request for comments on its cost/benefit
analysis of H.R. 3434, Rep. Waxman's smoking ban legislation.
SDC: mrg
Enclosures
cc: The Members of the Management Committee
TI Senior Staff
T110882881
~u~cj~sl:. 2, 1994~
BRIEFING ON SOUND SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Dear Colleague:
You are cordially invited to a briefing on a new research
report by the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution entitled-
"Science, Economics and Environmental Policy: A Critical
Examination" on Aug1~st 11, in room2105 of Rayburn House Office
Building from i0~00 toll:00 a.m. Members, staff, and the press
are invited to attend.
The purpose of environmenual regulation is co reduce
possible dangers to our health and well-being and to protect our
natural resources. We are now spending close to ~150 billion a
year-- $i,$00 per household-- to comply with environmental
regulations which, in turn, reduces the standard-of.living a~.d
economic growth.
In our view~ & responsible environmental policy should be
based on scientifically sound assessments of potential health and
ecological risks, and should avoid unnecessary burdens on the
economy. As you may k~ow, we have supported several provisions
requiring vigorous risk assessments and cost-benefit tests for
all environmental regulations. Even E.P.A. Administrator Carol
Browner has admitted, "All to~ often, we've seen too little
environmental protection at too high a price."
Unfortunately, there have been many cases in recent years
where sound science and economics have been sacrificed by the EPA
in order to mupport preconceived public policies and political
decisions.
The de Tocqueville report evaluates the scientific
principles used by the EPA to Justify its policy decisions in
four of the most current-- and controversial-- environmental
questions: environmental tobacco s~oke, radon, pesticides, and
hazardous waste clean-up under the Superfund law.
The briefing will be conducted by Dr. S. Fred Singer,
professor emeritus of environmental sciences at the University of
Virginia, and Mr. Kent Jeffreys,-both of whom are senior fellows
with the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution.
For more information, please contact KC McKee (5-5071),
Sharon Pinkerton (5-4035) or Cesar Conda of ~he Alexis de
~~tion at (703) 351-4969.
Pete Geren
Member of Congress
T!10882882
NEWS RELEASE
Contact:
NEW ~I'UDY
Cesar V. Conda
(703) 3~1-4969
August 11 ~ 1994
FINDS |NADE~QUATE SCIENCE )N EPA'S RISK ASSESSMENTS
Washington, D.C.-Today, the Ale]de de Tocquevllle Ir~lllu~lon released • research report
whi©h found that the science behind the Environmental Protection Agency's (EF'A) risk
aseeeumenta In four currant environmental policy que~tions Is Inadequate
• Science, E~nomica, and Environmental Polioy: A Critical Examination" oritlque~ the
s˘|en~e and economics that form the basis of the EPA'• risk asses=meats and cost-benefit
te~ta for environmental tobacco smoke, radon, pes~cld~s, and hazardoLm waste ˘'~ean-up
under the Superfund law.
"America Is now spending close to $150 billion annually to comply with environmental
regulation. We need to make sure that this money is being spent to recluoe the re;d risks -
• not exaggerated risks," said Casar V. Co•de, executive director of the Institution.
The report - oanducted by the st~ff of the Institute end reviewed by an a~ademi˘ ,advisory
board of 19 dLttingulehed sole•flute and economists •round the country - found that the
EPA't assessment of potsntlal risks to human health and the environment I~ these four
cases was baaed on faulty sc~entJfi© analysis and selective use of deals. Furthest, In the
In~tanc~ where the EPA did conduot a cost-benefit analysis, the purported "benefits" were
greatly overstated. The report found the following.
o Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETa): The EPA's finding that second-hand
~ linked to lung cancer la based on a lower threshold o! risk aeeemsmarff then that
normally apptl=d bythe agency for other substances and actlviffes. In short, the EPA study
rolled on methodologies different from those which have been historically
analyses. In fact, the, overwhelming majority of studi~ conducted on ~ and lung
cancer have found no statistically significant IndlcsUons of earcinogenlclty.
o Radon: On the basis of the credible research to date, at extremely hlqh exposure
levels, it appears that radon ˘an significantly increase the risk of lung'cancer, Y,.*t, like so
many other potentially '=harmful substances, at the tower levels of expo~ur,e ~,'hlch are
commonly encountered, researchers have s hard t~me finding any evidence of h~rm. The
EPA carefully and consistently selects data that support~ its ~! priori aeeU_]Tll~On' that any
amount of radon can cause cancer.
(more)
T110882883
-2-
o Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals: in 1969, the EPA had e~zmlnad the
agricultural chein|cal known as Alar end datarmlnod that scientific evidence w~th regard to
potential cancer risks was Inconclusive~ at bast. But in response to public fear,s ;;enQrato˘l
by alantlKI preserdatlori provtded by the Natural Resources Defense Cou,cli, the EPA
binned Alar. The costs of this event were enormous (total iosse~ were estimated st $140
million), the benefr~ too small to measure, if they existed at all. The E.PA's public
pronoun4amantl on peeticide~ should inform the publlo that naturllly-occwrin9 and
synthetic pe4ticldes can be ~ carcinogenic. Further, the alleged cancer risk from
residual paatic|dea mtmt be welohQd agairtet the w~l)-do~Jmarltad anti-cancel' I.~ellefits from
consuming fruit~ and vegetables,
o Superfund: The Superfund haz~lrdaua clean-up law exemplifies el! thai Is Wl'Ong
with American environmental policy: an expensive assault on minor dsks resulting In an
anormoul waste of scares resources. Only by assuming that ex1~mely u,llkaly - and
sometimes physically Impossible - events will scour in the future is EPA able to :reals the
Impression of risk where no actual harm will occur. For example, I~PA oormlaterltly
Illumes that future site uses will Include children, who will live there for 70 years,
ingesting slightly tess than s teaspoon of local dirt every day, and relying exclilslvely on
contaminated groundwater for bathing and drinking. Indeed, at least half elf the ~114 billion
the nation has spent on Superfund cleanups was ~s~:l to comply with simile,. "(~lrt.aatlng"
rules,
"Overall, this report highlights the need to upgrade the science usod by the EPA in making
rilk esaimsmenta of potential environmental problems," laid Dr. 9. Fred SinGer, professor
emeritus of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia and the hl~ld of the
academic review board. In this regard, Sen. J. Bennett Johnston {D-LA) and Fl~p. John L,
Mica (R-FL) have sponsored legislation that would require EPA to conduct ,I˘ientlficatly-
vigorous risl~cost.benefit analysis for all new onvlronmental regulations, "Thi; general
public must be educated to the fact that they face a multitude of risks in U'talr everyday
lives - driving s car, riding a bike, or poor diets - many of which far exceed thli probable
health risks posed by substances and actlvitie~ that ~he EPA wants to rQgulat~, a.d reetdct."
added Singer.
###
The Alexis de Tocquevlils institution is a non-profrt, non-partisan education sn~.| research
organizeUon di<licated to the promotion of capitalism and domocracy, both in the United
States and throughout the world. For further Information on the Institution or t(~ request a
c˘W of ~Sclence, Economics, and Environmental Policy: A Critical Examir~ti(m," plliase
conlact Cesar V. Conda or Rachel Applw0ate at ~03) 35t -4969 or write to: rhi~ Alexis de
Tocquevllle Irtstltution, 2000 15th Street North. S. 50~, Adington, Va. 2220~
T110882884
ALEXIS
de TOCQUEVILLE
SCIENCE, ECONOMICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION
A research report conducted
by the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
August .1.1, 1994
T110882885
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CASE STUDY NO.l:
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE .................................................................... 1
CASE STUDY NO.2:
RADON
....................................................................................................
............................ 15
CASE STUDY NO.3:
P~CIDES
....................................................................................................
.................... 33
CASE STUDY NO.4:
SUPERFUND ........................................... i
........................................................................... 45
T110882886
SCIENCE, ECONOMICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:
A CRITICAL EXAMINATION
A research report by,the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution
Academic Advisory Board
Dr. Gary Anderson
Professor of Economics
California State University-Northridge
Dr. Nancy Bord
Visiting Scholar
The Hoover Institution
Stanford University
Dr. Gordon L. Brady
Associate Professor and Director
Environmental Studies
Sweet Briar College
Dr. Jeffrey Clark
Professor of Economics
University of Tennessee-Chattanooga
Dr. Michael Darby
Professor of Economics
and Director
LM. Olin Center for Policy
University of California. Los Angeles
Dr. Robert Ekelund
Lowder Eminent Scholar
Auburn University
Dr. Michael Gough
Project Director
Congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Dr. William Hazcltine
Environmental Consultant
Dr. Thomas Hopkins
Gosnell Professor of Economics
Rochester Institute of Technology
Dr. Dwight R. Lee
Ramsey Professor of Economics
University of Georgia
Dr. Michael Marlow
Professor of Economics
California State Polytechnic University-San Luis
Obispo
Dr. Thomas Gale Moore
Senior Fellow
The Hoover Institution
Stanford University
Dr. Malcolm Ross
Research Mineralogist
U.S. Geological Survey
Dr. S. Fred Singer
Professor Emeritus of Environmental Sciences
University of Virginia
and President
Science and Environmental Policy Project
Dr. Gerhard Stohrer
Director of Chemical Risk Program
Science and Environmental Policy Project
and former Department Head
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research
Dr. Mark Thorton
Professor of Economics
Auburn University
Dr. Robert D. Tollison
Duncan Black Professor of Economics
and Director
Center for the Study of Public Choice
George Mason University
Dr. Richard Vedder
Professor of Economics
University of Ohio
Dr. Richard Wagner
Professor of Economics and Chairman
Department of Economics
George Mason University
Note: Affliations are for identification purposes only. Not all members of the academic advisory
agreed with
every finding and recommendation in this report.
TI10882887'
Author
Kent Jeffreys
Principal Reviewer
Dr. S. Fred Singer
Senior Staff and Contrt'butin~ Associates
Rachael Applegate
Bruce Bartlett
Merrick Carey
Cesar Conda
Gregory Fo~edal
Dave Juday
Felix Rou, e
Aaron Stevens
The Alexis de Tocquevitle Institution
2000 15th Street North, Suite 501, Arlington, VA 22201
Tel. 703.351.4969 Fax "/03.351.0090
T!10882888
