Tobacco Documents Online

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL pREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION PESTICIDES AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ADDITIVES !-menthone~ ACACIA GUM (gun arabic) ACETAL - [code: CENMAP] tobacco additive - GRAS food additives which may cause mild to severe asthma attacks, rashes and has caused fatalities in pregnant animals, - GRAS food cause asthma, blood pressure additive whlch may heart problems, high ACETIC ACID ACONITE AGAR-AGAR AGENE (Nitrogen trichloride) ALGINIC ACID - GRAS food additive which may cause diarrhea, eye irritation, gastrointestinal upset/pain, skin rashes, vomiting - the fluid extract of this plant is often mixed with warm water and drunk as tea to reduce pain, fever, inflammation of the stomach, and heart palpitations but in the wrong proportions it can cause heart failure - GRAS food additive which cause flatulence and bloating may - a bleaching, a maturing agent for flour used more than 30 years, banned in 1949 because dogs fed agene-treated fo~ developed running fits - GRAS food additive which may cause pregnancy complications, birth defects and has caused maternal and fetal deaths in animals

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION ALKYL GALLATES ALKYL SULFATES ALLYL SULFIDE ALOE EXTRACT ALOE VERA ALLq~INI/M AMMONIUM SULFATE ALUMINIIM NICOTINATE ALUMINL~ POTASSIUM SULFATE A LLq~. I :~bq4 HYDROXIDE A~{BROX { - GRAS food additives cause liver problems which may - GRAS food additive which cause skin rashes may - GRAS food additive which may cause asthma, kidney problems, liver problems - GRAS food additive cause gastrointestinal kidney problems which may upset/pain, - used as a topical ointment for healing wounds, is frequently taken internally as a mild laxative and used in the treatment of stomach ulcers; as an ointment it can cause hives, rashes, itching and can be extremely dangerous if taken internally by pregnant women - GRAS food additive which may cause vomiting - GRAS food additive which may cause mouth ulcers/burning sensation in mouth - GRAS food additive which may cause flushing, gastrointestinal upset/pain - GRAS food additive which may cause gastrointestinal upset/pain - GRAS food additive cause constipation which may (in triethyl citrate, Firmenich) Codes: EKPHON [MINONE] - Tobacco addltive -2-

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION AMMONIUM BICARBONATE AMMONIUM ~5MONIUM CHLORIDE ANETHOLE ANGELICA~ ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C) AZO DYES AZODR!N BACILLUS THURIGENSIS, BTB, DIPEL, BIOTROL, THURCIDE - GRAS food additive which may cause gastrointestinal upset/pain - GRAS food additive which may cause mouth ulcers/burning sensation in mouth - GRAS food additive which may cause gastrointestinal upset/pain, kidney problems, liver problems, nausea, urinary disorders, vomiting - GRAS food additive which may cause mouth ulcers/burning sensation in mouth - [code: ARNOLD] GRAS food and tobacco additive which may cause sensitivity to light - GRAS food additives which may cause diarrhea, kidney problems - GRAS food additives which may cause blurred vision, edema, purple patches on skin, vomiting, skin rashes, nausea, gastrointestinal upset/pain, hay fever, itching, low blood pressure - (Shell) an insecticide which kills tobacco hornworms, tobacco budworms, and other insects - (Abbott, Sandoz, Thompson-Ha~ard) an insecticide which kills tobacco budwo~ms, tobacco hronworms, tobacco moths, and other insects BALAN, BENEFIN - (Elanco) an herbicide -3-

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION BENZALDEHYDE BENZOIC ACID - [code: VALSEDON] GRAS tobacco and food additive which may cause depression - [code: ORENTIC] GRAS food and tobacco additive which may cause gastrointestinal irritation, asthma attacks, rashes, itching, irritation of eyes and mucous membranes, n e u r o 1 o g i c a 1 d i s o r d e r s , hyperactivity in children, gastrointestinal upset/pain, skin rashes BENZOYL PEROXIDE - GRAS food additive which may cause skin rashes BENZYL ~LCOHOL - GRAS food additive which may cause depression, diarrhea, vomiting BERGAMOT - GRAS food additive which may cause sensitivlty to light BHA(Butylated hydroxyanisole) BHT(butylated hydroxy~ene) - GRAS food additive which may q~se elevated cholesterol levels, alYergic reactions, liver damage, kidney damage, infertility, sterility, behavioral problems, loss of vitamin D, weakened immune system, increased susceptibility to cancer-causing substances BLESSED THISTLE - used in proper proportions in teas to break up coughs and relieve congestion, but high doses can cause diarrhea and burns of the mouth and esophagus BORDEAUX MIXTURE, CUPRIC SULFATE PENTAHYDRATE - (numerous) a fungicide BUTTER YELLOW - a food dye approved for use in 1918 and delisted the same year; was -4-

pRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION BUTYL ACETATE CADE OIL~ CAFFEINE CALAMISS and its derivatives CALCIL~ DISODIUM EDTA CXLCIUM GLUCONATE CALCIUM BENZOATE CALCI~{ CHLORIDE CALCIUM FORMATE CAPSICUM (CAYENNE PEPPER) found to cause liver cancer in animals - GRAS food additive which may cause depression; eye irritation - [code: COTLET] tobacco additive - GRAS food additive which may cause allergic reactions (particularly burning sensations, facial and chest pressure, and headaches) , eye inflammations, brain edema (excesslve fluid retention), central nervous - an additive obtained from calamus, the plant known as sweet flag (Acarus) which was banned in 1968 because it caused malignant tumors in the duodenum, intestinal cancer and damaged the liver and heart in rats - GRAS food additive which may cause diarrhea , gastrointestinal upset/pain, vomiting - GRAS food additive which may cause gastrointestinal upset/pain, heart problems - GRAS food additive which may cause asthma, skin rashes - GRAS food additive which may cause gastrointestinal upset/pain, heart problems - GRAS food additive which may cause urinary disorders - GRAS food additive which may cause diarrhea, gastrointestinal upset/pain -5-

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION CARAMEL - GRAS food additive which may cause inflammation of the tongue, scalp lesions, crusts, dandruff, hair loss CARRAGEENAN - G;~AS food additive which may cause inflamed or ulcerated colon CEDAR LEAF OIL - GRAS food additive which may cause reproductive failure, sensitivity to light CHAMOMILE - GRAS food additive used as a sedative which may cause vomiting and allergic reactions CHLOROFLUORCARBON - topic propellant used in aerosol cans prohibited from use in food CHOCOLATE~ - [codes: CALSIS, CARVAN, CLIFFO,~ NEWVAC, WEDABY] tobacco additive CINNAMON BARK EXTRACT & OIL~ - [codes CAMPAD, DELLAT] GRAS food and tobacco additive which may cause skin rashes CITP~AL CITRIC ACID - a component found in lemons which can block the beneficial activity of vitamin A - [code: DURLOCK] tobacco additive tooth/gum erosion GRAS food and which may cause CLOVER - GRAS food additive which may cause sensitivity to light COAL TAR - GRAS food additive which may cause edema, gastrointestinal upset/pain, high blood pressure, nausea, overactive thyroid function, sensitivity to light, skin rashe% vomiting, itching, low blood pressure -6-

COBALT and its salts COCOA COCONUT OIL COMFREY CORNSTARCH COUM_A~IN~ CYCLAMATES CYGON, DIMETHOATE, DE-FEND, REBELATE DASANIT PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL pREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION - a substance approved in 1963 for use in beer to prevent gushing and improve foam was prohibited in 1969 from use in food because it could produce chest pains resembling heart attacks - [codes: BINNET, CELPOR, CONDRA, COPLOR, CROTAN, MESMOR] tobacco additive COARCH, HARIKAN, - GRAS food additive which may cause hear~: problems -a~ herb used in teas to alleviate stomach ailments, coughs, diarrhea, arthritis, liver/gallbladder problems; can reduce absorption of iron and vitamin BI2 - GRAS food additive which may cause eye irritation, hay fever, nose irritation ~[codes: KESCON, ROMINK, SYNLOR, THOS] tobacco and food additive used in synthetic vanilla, chocolate and other confections for nearly 75 years - is found in tonka beans and was banned in 1954 because it could disguise unpleasant odors and cause liver damage in rats and dogs - sodium and calcium salts of cyclamic acid were developed in 1950 as non-nutritive sweeteners but were prohibited from use in food in 1970 because they caused bladder cancer in rats - (numerous) an insecticide - (Chemagro) an insecticide -7-

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION DEER TONGUE ~ DI-SYSTON DIAM~{ONIUM PHOSPHATE~ DIAZINON DIBROM, NALED DIETHYL PYROCARBONATE (DEP) DIETHYL PYROCARBONATE (DEPC) DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ~ DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES) DIOXIN - (Chemagro) an insecticide - [code: QUELAR] tobacco additive - (CIBA-Geigy) an insecticide - (Chevron) an insecticide - used as a preservative in many beverages since the early 1960's. Under certain conditions, DEP was found to combine with the natural constituents of beverages to fo.-m a carcinogenic compound. DEP was banned in 1972. - inhibitor of microbial growth and hence fermentation in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages is prohibited from use in food - [code: FABRACE] tobacco additive - a synthetic hormone added to animal feed to promote growth and pellets of DES were implanted in poultry to caponize the birds; was introduced in 1954 (even though it was recognized as a powerful cancer inducer). In 1959 residues of DES were found in the liver and skin fat of treated poultry so it was banned from use in poultry but was not withdrawn from liquid and dry premixes for animal feed until 1972. In 1974 DES manufacturers obtained a court order reversing the ban which goes uncontested by the FDA. - an impurity sometimes present in an herbicide, used with pregnant guinea pigs at levels far below those detected in their tissues, -8-

pRIVILEGED AND CONFIDE~TIAL PKEPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION DIPHENAMID, DYMID, ENIDE DU-TUR DULCIN (Ethyoxyphenylurea) DYFONATE DYLOX, DIPTEREX, PROXOL DYRENE EDTA ELCAR ERYTHROSINE FD&C BLUE No. 1 and 2 FD&C GREEN No. 1 (Guinea Green B) induced stillbirths offspring or defective - (Elanco, Tuco) an herbicide - (Thompson-Hayward) a fungicide - a non-nutritive sweetener with a sweetening capability 250 times that of sucrose; was synthesized in IS83 and used for more than 50 years in foods. Dulcin was banned in 1950 because it caused liver cancer in rats. - (Stauffer) an insectlcide - (Chemagro, Tuco Products) an insecticide which kills tobacco budworms, tobacco hornworms, and many other insects and worms - (Chemagro) a fungicide - GRAS food additive which may cause kidney problems, urinary disorders - (Sandoz) an insecticide which kills tobacco budworms and cotton bollworms - GRAS food additive which may cause overactive thyroid function, sensitivity to light - GRAS food additive which may cause itching, low blood pressure - a food dye approved for use in 1922 but delisted in 1966 for "lack of enconomic Importance"; was found to c~e liver cancer in animals -9-

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL PREPARED IN CONNECTION WITH LITIGATION FD&C RED No. 32 (OIL RED XO) FD&C RED No. 4 (Ponceau 5X) FD&C RED No. 1 (Ponceau 3R) FD&C ORANGE No. 2(Orange SS) FD&C ORANGE No. 1 (Orange I) FD&C VIOLET No. 1 (Benzyl Violet 4B) FD&C YELLOW No. 1 (Naphthol Yellow S) FD&C YELLOW No. 2 (Naphthol Yellow S, Potassium salt) - a food dye approved for use in 1939 but delisted in 1956 because was found to damage internal animal organs and was suspect as a weak carcinogen - a food dye approved in 1929 and restrlcted to a specific level and could be used only with maraschino cherries and certain pharmaceutical pills because was found to cause damage to the adrenal cortex of dogs - a food dye listed in 1907 but delisted in 1961 because was found to cause liver cancer in animals - a food dye approved in 1939 but delisted in 1955 because was found to cause organ damage in animals - a food dye listed in 1907 but delisted in 1956 because was found to cause organ damage in animals - a food dye approved for use in 1950; during ongoing safety tests it was made provisional becuase it was a suspected carcinogen. In 1971 it ws officially cleared for use but finally banned in 1973. - a food dye listed in 1907 but delisted in 1959 when large doses were found to cause intestinal lesions in animals - a food dye approved for use in 1939 but delisted in 1959 because was found to cause bladder cancer in -I0-