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RELATIVE RISKS: CANCER OTHER THAN LUNG FROM PASSIVE SMOKING Highest Exposure All Exposures Mantel Trend Locale Cases R/R 2-Tail p R/R 95% C.L. 1-Tail p Females Cohort Studies: Hirayama Japan 1879 1.11 0.055 1.08 1.0 -1.2 0.05 Gillis, et al. Scotlan d 33 - - 1.2 0.6 - 2.5 - Combined Cohort 1912 1.1 1.0 -1.2 Case Control: Miller Penna. 66 - - 1.9 1.1 - 3.4 et al. N. Caro Sandler lina 113 - - 2.0 1.3 - 3.0 , Combined C/C 179 2.0 1.4 - 2.7 Combined Cohort & C/C 2091 1.56 1.3 - 1.9 Males Gillis, et al. Scotlan d 2 - - 0.6 0.1 -2.7 et al. N. Caro Sandler lina 5 - - 1.5 0.4 -5.7 , Combined Cohort & C/C 7 0.9 - GOOLSLU

RELATIVE RISKS FROM PASSIVE SMOKING ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE, EMPHYSEMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS Highest Exposure All Exposures Mantel Trend Locale Cases R/R 2-Tail p R/R 95% C.L. 1-Tail p Heart Dis. - Female Cohort Studies: Hirayama Japan 240 1.3 0.038 1.16 0.9- 1.4 0.02 Gillis, et al. Scotland 19 - - 3.6 0.9-13.8 - Garland, et al. California 17 - - 3.5 0.9-13.6 - Combined 276 1.27 1-0- 1.6 Heart Dis. - Male Cohort Studies: Gillis, et al. Scotland 14 - - 1.3 0.7- 2.6 Svendsen, et al. Emphysema and Chr. U.S. (MRFIT) 5 - - 2.1 0.7 - 6.2 Bronchitis - Female Cohort Study: Hirayama Japan ,102 1.6 0.08 1.4 0.9- 2.1 0.05 900LSL.Zb

PASSIVE SMOKING Specific Cancer Sites Other than Lung Cancer Site Investigator(s) Locale Cases R/R ~ Nasal Sinus Hirayama Japan 23 2.1 Brain Hirayama Japan 31 :,4. 5~` Breast: Hirayana Japan - >1.0 Sandler, et al. N. Carolina 32 2.0 Endocrine Sandler, et al. N. Carolina 13 4.4* Cervix: Buckley, et al. England 27 4.6'~ ~ Brown, et al. Canada 30 3.7' ~ Sandler, et al. N. Carolina 56 2.1 Stomach Hirayama Japan ' 635 1.0 ~ Some statistical significance claimed by the authors.

DEPOSITION PATTERNS IN DIRECT AND PASSIVE SMOKING Direct Passive Entry Site Mouth Nose ~. Particulate inhaled, mg. per day 2401 0.5 to 3.52 Effective particle size inhaled, )am 5 0.4 Per cent retained in mouth 37 0 Per cent retained in nose 0 8 Per cent retained in bronchus 20 0 % retained in near alveolar region 21 0 Per cent retained in or near alveoli 4 11 Per cent retained, total 82 19 Per cent exhaled 18 81 Particle size exhaled,jum. 0.7 0.4 Particulate retained, mg. per day 197 0.1 to 0.7 Particulate retained in or near alveoli, mg. per day 9.6 0.06 - 0.4 1 Based on 15 mg. per cigarette and 20 cigarettes per day. 2 Based on 100-700 µg/m3 and 10 liters/min. inhaled for 8 hours.

EFFECT OF MISCLASSIFYING SMOKERS AS NONSMOKERS ON PASSIVE SMOKING RELATIVE RISK Methodology is that of P. Lee, Preventive Medicine 1984; 13:732-3. Basic assumptions are: 1) 5% Of male and female smokers profess to be nonsmokers. 2) True relative risk of passive smoking is 1.0. Lee's Lung Cancer Case Husbands Wives Smo ers Nonsmo ers Total Smo kers 36°l - 207 507. Smokers -T51 10% + Nonsmokers 20% 30% 50% Never Smokers 30% 25% 55% TotaT- 3z% 3-6% lw. Tota M M 1TU Observed R/R for smokers: 10.7 Observed R/R for female smokers: 3.58 "True" R/R for smokers: 20 Spurious R/R for passive smokers: 1.42 "True" R/R for female smokers: 4.0 Spurious R/R for passive smokers: 1.1 Observed R/R for passive smokers: 1.44 Realistic Japanese Female Lung Cancer Case Realistic U.S. Female Other Cancer Case Husbands Husbands Wives mo ers Never m rs Total Wives Smkrs Never Smkrs Total Sm~o cers 15% - o -T61- Smokers T551- 10% 45°9 Never Smokers 64% 20% 84% Never Smokers 30% 25% 55% - Tota M 21 1Tff Total M 5 1D OT Observed R/R for female smokers: 2.03 "True" R/R for female smokers: 2.05 Spurious R/R for passive smokers: 1.0 Observed R/R for passive smokers: 1.57 Observed R/R for female smokers: 1.12 "True" R/R for female smokers: 1.126 Spurious R/R for passive smokers: 1.0 Observed R/R for passive smokers: 1.56 Realistic U.S. Female Lung Cancer Case Husbands Wives Smkrs Never Smkrs Total - 6Q0LSLZ6