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Topical Report NCI/S&HP/ORNL #58 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SMOKE DELIVERED BY SWRI BABOON STUDY CIGARETTE UNDER THREE SMOKING CONDITIONS December 6, 1977 W. H. Griest, R. A. Jenkins, R. B. Quincy, and A. H. Marshall Tobacco Smoke Research Program Bio/Organic Analysis Section Analytical Chemistry Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Interagency Agreement (ERDA-NIH/NCI) No. 40-485-74, Part I Internal (ORNL) Contract Charge Number 3390-0225 Intended for informal•cornmunication with project management only. Confidential until published or released by author.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SMOKE DELIVERED BY SWRI BABOON STUDY CIGARETTE UNDER THREE SMOKING CONDITIONS W. H. Griest, R. A. Jenkins, R. B. Quincy, and A. H. Marshall Introduction: Baboons are being trained at the Southwest Research Institute to actively smoke a "Special Experimental Cigarette" (mfg. Lorillard, not an NCI variant) for an experiment conducted by the NHLI. Dr. Walter Rogers (SWRI) reports that the animals show a bimodal distribution of puffing con- ditions. At the request of NCI S&HP management, ORNL performed a chemical analysis of the smoke delivered by the SEC variant under the bimodal extreme baboon puffing conditions and also under standard smoking conditions. The results are presented in this Topical Report. Experimental: One tray of the SEC variants was furnished to ORNL by Dr. Rogers. The tray was sealed in plastic and stored under deepfreeze until the analyses could be performed. At that time, standard protocol cigarette conditioning, handling, and analytical methods were employed. The smoking under standard conditions was performed on a 4-port Phipps and Bird instrument for tar, nicotine, TPM, H2O, CO and C02. Smoking for HCN, NOx (as NO), and acrolein was performed.on either 1 or 6-port Filamatic pump smoking machines. Smoking under the two extreme puffing conditions displayed by the baboons were carried out on the 6-port Filamatic smoking machine with appropriate modifications to the cylinder displacement, pump motor speed, and timing motor speed. Results and Discussion: After conditioning, the SEC cigarettes were found to have an average weight and RTD of 1165 mg and 90 mm H20, respectively. These parameters are in reasonable agreement with the manufacturer's deter- mi nati on of 1177 mg and 76 Bi1111 FizO, respecti vely. Smoking parameters are shown in Table 1 after the standard and two extreme baboon puffing conditions. Approximately 10 puffs consume the 85 mm cigarette to a 23 mm butt length under standard or long, deep puffs (con- dition I). Approximately 45 puffs are required under the rapid, shallow puffing extreme, approximately 10 perce.nt higher than that suggested by Dr. Rogers. •

Analytical data are expressed in Table 2 as absolute deliveries per cigarette to show the total amount of each smoke constituent potentially offered to the baboons. In Table 3 the data are calculated as concentrations per EL of smoke to show the "strength" of each constituent. Tar, nicotine, TPM, CO, and HCN per cigarette deliveries under condition I are essentially the same as under standard smoking conditions, but smoke concentrations are approximately 10 percent lower because of the greater volume of smoke pro- duced. H20, C02, and NO are one-quarter to one-third higher in delivery, presumably because of the longer puff duration. However, their concentrations in smoke are only 15 percent higher. The opposite extreme exists for condition II. Tar, nicotine, TPM, and H20 are uniformly about 75 percent lower in per cigarette delivery and approximately 60 percent lower in concentration. The other constituents show no uniform decreases. The greatest difference was found to be in HCN, which was about 90 percent lower in both delivery and concentration. Interestingly, condition I shows the same CO but a somewhat greater C02 delivery than standard smoking conditions. The CO/CO2 ratio for con- dition II is markedly decreased. This is indicative of the substantially reduced puff volume. Generally, CO/CO2 ratios in tobacco smoke are directly proportional to the volume of air drawn through the fire cone of the cigarette.l Comments/Conclusions: Interpolation of these data to estimate constituent deliveries or concentrations under different baboon puffing conditions, par- ticularly those close to condition II, must be approached wi.th caution. A more detailed study of the influence of smoking conditions on constituent delivery seems necessary if such interpolations are to be made. Reference 1. Mikami, Yoichi; Naito, Natsuyo and Kaburaki, Yoichi; Japan Plonopoly Corporation Central Research Institute, 113, 99 (1971

Table 1. Smoking Parameters Smoking Conditions Parameter Standard I II Puff Volume, cc 35 40 5 Puff Duration, sec 2 4 1 Puff Frequency, min 1 1 1 4 Puff Number 9.96 9.62 '-U45 Smoke Volume, L 0.349 0.385 ~,0.225

Table 2. Smoke Constituent Delivery, Absolute Consti tuent/Srnoki ng Condi ti on Tar, mg Ni coti ne, mg TPM, ing H20, mg aGas Phase b43hole Smoke cNot Determined Constituent Delivery per Cigarette, Mean ± Std. Deviation Standard 26.73 ± 0.25 1.54 ± 0.019 31.59 ± 0.31 3.32 ± 0.08 20.3 ± 0.55 57.8 ± 1.5 163.2 ± 11.6 258.0 ± 6.4 117.8 ± 16.2 25.00 ± 0.86 1. 56 ± 0. 0 3 30.81 ± 0.75 4.26 ± 0.20 19.9 ± 0.27 73.0 ± 0.45 222.3 ± 14.7 271.8 ± 15.4 NDC II 6.42 ± 0.15 0.45 ± 0.01 7.66 ± 0.14 0.79 ± 0. 02 3.3 ± 0.33 23.7 ± 2.60 28.1 ± 4.8 15.0 ± 1.1 NDC

Table 3. Smoke Constituent Concentrations Constituent/Smoking Condition Tar, mg Nicotine, mg TPM, mg H20, mg C0, mga C02, mga NO, pga HCN, u9o Acrolein, jxga aGas Phase bWhole Smoke cNot Determined Constituent Concentration, per L of Smoke Standard I II 76.7 64.9 29. 4.42 4.05 2.0 90.6 80.1 34. 9.52 11.1 3.5 58.2 51.7 15. 165. 190. 110. 478. 556. 124. 748. 701. 67. 358. NDc NDc