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Topical Report NCI/S&HP/ORNL #70 CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SMOKES FROM SELECTED FOREIGN CIGARETTES UNITED KINGDOM, UK EXPORT, AND DEVELOPING NATIONS 6-23-78 R. 6. _Quincy, R. A. Jenkins, and A. H. Marshall Tobacco Smoke Research Program Bio/Organic Analysis Section Analytical Chemistry Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Interagency Agreement (ERDA-NIH/NCI) No. 40-485-74, Part I Internal (ORNL) Contract Charge Number 3390-0225 Intended for informal communication with project management only. Confidential until published or released by author.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SMOKES FROM SELECTED FOREIGN CIGARETTES UNITED KINGDOM, UK EXPORT, AND DEVELOPING NATIONS R. B. Quincy, R. A. Jenkins, and A. H. Marshall Introduction. This report contains the data for the measurement of tar and nicotine from the smokes of a few selected foreign cigarettes, including four identical brands, that were purchased in different countries throughout the world. The constituents in the smokes were analyzed in response to a special NCI-S&HP management request. Also listed are some physical measurements, such as weight, resistance-to-draw and puff.number, and the deliveries of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of these cigarettes. Experimental. Standard NCI protocol methods were employed for conditioning the cigarettes, the smoking and analysis of the generated smokes. Each analy- sis was carried out in at least quadruplicate. Selection of cigarettes of each brand for smoking was handled in a man- ner different from the ususal procedure. The conditioned cigarettes of a brand were individually mixed (prior to smoking). Then the cigarettes were visually chosen, eliminating grossly imperfect cigarettes. The chosen cigarettes from each brand were weighed and their resistance-to-draw measured. Any cigarettes that did not fall within the established average weight and resistance-to-draw of a majority of the previous selected cigarettes for a brand, i.e. (± 20 mg) and a (± 5mm HL0), respectively, were replaced with others that did meet these criteria. (Normally, a mean weight and resistance-to-draw is determined for 200 and 100 cigarettes respectively. Then, only cigarettes whose weight and RTD fall within 20 mg and 5mm HA are smoked.) Previous experiments per- formed here have indicated that the weight and resistance-to-draw of the cig- arettes selected for smoking by this procedure do approximate the mean weight and resistance-to-draw for the batch, and the composition and concentration of the constituents in the smoke generated from them are not altered. Results and Discussion. Table 1 identifies the brand names, the dates and places of purchase, and the physical parameters of the cigarettes smoked in this study. Results of chdmi•cal analyses for tar and nicotine are pre- sented in Table 2. These are expressed as mean(mg) delivery per cigarette. The tar values have been rounded to the nearest milligram and the nicotine

results are given to the nearest tenth of a milligram. The analytical results for all the determined constituents are presented in Table 3. Their values are expressed as delivery per cigarette, mean (mg), ± one standard deviation (mg)- Table 4 lists (for comparison) the tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide contents in the smokes of domestic, export and foreign licensed Benson and Hedges Special Filter - King Size (cigarette) brands. Tables 5 and Table 6 compare the deliveries of these constituents for the domestic, export and foreign licensed State Express 555 Filter King and Embassy Filter King (cigarette) brands, respectively. All these values are expressed as delivery per cigarette, mean (mg). The nicotine : TPM ratio for each respective smoke is also tabulated in Tables 4, 5 and 6. Tha tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations are essentially the same in each of the generated smokes from the London domestic and In Flight export Benson and Hedges Special Filter - King Size cigarettes listed in Table 4. The smoke from the Oxford domestic State Express 555 - Filter King cigarette (listed in Table 5) also delivers amounts of tar, nico- tine, and carbon monoxide similar to those found in the smokes from the two above mentioned Benson and Hedges cigarettes. Likewise the smoke from the In Flight export Embassy Filter King Cigarette (shown in Table 6) contains a relatively low concentration of tar and nicotine. The Klang-purchased Benson and Hedges Special Filter - King Size cigarette is manufactured in Malaysia. This cigarette is probably tailored so the smoke will suit the tastes of the Malaysian smokers since it delivers a much greater amount of tar and nicotine than any of the listed export or domestic Benson & Hedges cigarettes. However, the tar values for the export and foreign licensed State Express 555 - Filter King, the foreign licensed Embassy - Filter King and the foreign licensed Benson and Hedges cigarettes are similar. Also the amount of nicotine contained in all these smokes of the foreign licensed cigarettes from the three previously named brands are in the same concentration range (Tables 4, 5, and 6). In Table 7 a comparison of the tar and nicotine deliveries, on a per cigarette basis, is made for two UK foreign licensed brands and three selected ° Kenya domestic brands that were purchased in Nairobi at commercial establish- ments. The two foreign licensed cigarettes are different in tar and nicotine

deliveries. Furthermore there is a wide variation in the amount of nicotine contained in each of the smokes of the selected Kenya domestic brands, (1.04 mg to 1.94 mg per cigarette). One Kenya domestic brand listed in Table 3, ~the Nyota, delivers approximately the same concentration of tar as these Kenya domestics listed in Table 7, but a much higher concentration of nicotine, 3 mg per cigarette average, is found in the smoke. A comparison of the per cigarette deliveries for tar and nicotine for three brands as a function of purchase point in the same city is presented in Table 8. The three brands purchased at Wayklosk University in Nairobi deliver higher amounts of tar and nicotine than do their counterparts pur- chased at commercial establishments in other sections of Nairobi. However, the nicotine : tar ratio for each given brand and its counterpart is approximately the same. In Table 9 is listed the tar and nicotine deliveries for four popular American brand (exported) cigarettes purchased in Kenya and the FTC tar and nicotine values for the same American domestic available brands. Considering the carton to carton - cigarette to cigarette variabilities it would appear that the same cigarette is exported as is available domestically in the United States.

Table 1. Weight and Resistance-to-Draw (RTD), and Number of Puffs of Special Purchased Foreign Brand Cigarettes. Brand Carton Code ORNL Code Place and Purchase Date Batch 1 Received 4/20/78 Senior Service (nonfilter) FX KS 1707 I Aboard British Airways flight Benson & Hedges-King Size GUPZ NYC - London, UK 1978 April 5-6 Special Filter 4623 IV , Embassy - Filter King YGKW 4442 III State Express 555 Filter King FRDE 2195 VI ~ State Express 555 Filter King 2XF 944005 V Oxford, UK April 16, 1978 Benson & Hedges-King Size L2349 II London, UK Special Filter April 17, 1978 Batch II Received 5/5/78 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter GUPZ 1107 XIII Didy's Nairobi, Kenya April 19, 1978 .State Express 555 Filter King 111 XIV *New smoke generation with Batch II analyses - 5/6/78. Average Values Cigarette Cigarette Approximate Weight, RTD, Puff Butt Length Country of mg mm H90 Number mm Manufacture 1087 90 9.2 23 England 1090 137 11.0 10.5 1088 132 10.5 28 28 28 1067 140 9.8 28 . 1086 131 10.5 28 1079* 130* 10.2* 28 1084 134 10.1 28 1089 104 10.8 22 Kenya 1aMC468

Table 1. (Cont'd) Average Values Brand Carton Code ORNL Code Cigarette Place and Weight Purchase Date mcL Cigarette RTQ mm 8t6 Puff Number Approximate Butt Length mm Country of Manufacture Nyota - Long Size (filter) 13 IX Tobacco Wholesalers 1004 103 9.9 22 Kenya Nairobi, Kenya 1022** 102** 10.6** 22 I Teri Cent (nonfilter) 110 XI i 841 .,. 149 7.9 23 Embassy - King (filter) 112 XII Goodfare Stores Nairobi, Kenya 1109 142 11.3 22 Sportsman - King Size (filter) 113 XV 1104 138 11.5 22 Sweet Menthol (filter) 201 XVI Tobacco Nairobi Wholesalers , Kenya 1116 143 11.1 22 Diplomat (filter) 110 X Continental Store Nairobi, Kenya 1057 120 10.7 22 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter 10 VII Klang, Malaysia April 17, 1978 1086 115 11.0 28 Mala ysia State Express 555 Filter King 09 VIII 1080 128 11.6 28 Batch III Received 5/12/78 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter FRDE 4248 VIII Colomb April o, Ceylon 19, 1978 078 32 0.0 8 ngl nd State Express 555 Filter King YNFO 2195 XVII 1084 119.6 10.6 28 ** Another smoke generation the following day. RCMU68

Table 1. (Cont'd) Brand Carton Code Batch IV Received 5/22/78 Sportsman-King Size 205 (filter) Embassy - King 203 (filter) Kool Filter King (menthol) Marlboro Filter PA 37 Benson & Hedges-King Special Filter Size , GNTY 1107 State Express 555 205 Filter King Viceroy Filter 10 Kent Filter 6 Average Values Cigarette tte Cigarette ORNL Place and Weight RTD, CODE Purchase Date mg mm H20 A University 1117 128 Wayklosk, B Nairobi, Kenya 1093 142 May 14, 1978 C G H 995 117 947 113 1088 132 1095 107 952 103 942 129 Puff Number Approximate Butt Length mm Country of Manufacture 12.3 22 Ke nya 12.0 22 8.5 30 U SA 8.0 27 ~ 10.7 28 England 11.5 22 Kenya 7.3 27 USA 7.5 28 i 6MU68,

Table 2. Comparison of per Cigarette Deliveries of Tar and Nicotine (average results in mg) *Results Verbally Communicated to Director of NCI Smoking and Health Program Brand ORNL Code Tar* Nicotine* Batch Ia Senior Service (nonfilter) I 28 1.8 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter IV 17 1.0 Embassy - Filter King III 19 1.1 State Express 555 Filter King VI 28 1.5 State Express 555 Filter King V 18 0.9 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter II 17 1.0 ~::~ Batch IIa Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter XIII 22 1.3 State Express 555 Filter King XIV 31 2.0 Nyota - Long Size (filter) IX 29 3.0 Ten Cent (nonfilter) XI 18 1.9 Embassy King XII 21 1.5 Sportsman - King Size (filter) XV 24 1.9 Sweet Menthol Filter XVI 29 1.7 Diplomat Filter X 28 1.0 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter VII 30 2.4 State Express 555 . Filter King VIII 29 2.2

Table 2. (Cont'd) Brand ORNL Code Tar* _ Nicotine* Batch TIIH Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter XVIII 23 1.1 State Express 555 Filter King XVII 30 1.3 Batch IVc Sportsman - King Size (filter) A 29 2.3 Embassy - Filter King B 29 2.2 Kool Filter King (menthol) C 18 1.4 Marlboro Filter D 19 1.0 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter E 18 1.4 State Express 555 Filter King F 32 2.2 Viceroy Filter G 16 1.0 Kent Filter H 18 1.0 Date of Communication: ~ May 11, 1978 May 22, 1978 c June 2, 1978

Table 3. Comparison of per Cigarette Deliveries of Tar, Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Carbon Dioxide (C02) (average results in mg, ± one standard deviation, mg) Brand ORNL Code Tar mg Nicotine mg CO mg CO2 mg Nicotine:Tar Ratio Batch I Senior Service (nonfilter) I 28.4 ± 1.4 1.84 ± 0.09 18.5 ± 1.2 56.9 ± 3.1 .0648 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter IV 16.9 ± 0.8 1.03 ± 0.08 16.3 ± 1.9 64.3 ± 1.5 0.0609 Embassy - Filter King III 18.9 r 0.4 1.12 ± 0.03 24.4 ± 0. 75.4 ± 2.6 0.0593 State Express 555 Filter King VI 27.8 ± 0.8 1.51 ± 0.07 23.0 ± 1.3 65.3 ± 1.3 0.0543 State Express 555 Filter Rin~ V 17.7 ± 1.1 0.94 ± 0.12 16.3 ± 2.1 52.8 ± 3.9 0.0531 Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter II 17.3 ± 1.1 0.97 ± 0.06 18.4 ± 1.2' 66.1 ± 2.2 0.0561 17.5 ± 0.2 0.98 ± 0.05 16.5 ± 0.4 62.0 ± 2.3 0.0560 Batch II Benson & Hedges-King Size Special Filter XIII 22.3 ± 0.9 1.26 ± 0.13 20.3 ± 0.5 67.8 ± 1.4 0.0565 State Express 555 Filter King XIV 31.3 ± 2.0 1.98 ± 0.13 25.7 ± 1.4 73.1 ± 3.4 0.0633 Nyota - Long Size (filter) IX 28.7 ± 1.5 3.36 ± 0.11 21.6 ± 0.4 67.9 ± 0.2 0.118 28.4 ± 0.2 2.72 ±- 0.05 --- --- --- F~