Lorillard
850000 Annual Report
Fields
- Author
- Tisch, L.A.
- Tisch, P.R.
- Alias
- 88012534/88012583
- Area
- SPEARS,ALEXANDER/OFFICE
- Type
- CONT, CONTRACT/AGREEMENT
- BUDG, BUDGET/BUDGET REVIEW
- CHAR, CHART/GRAPH/MAPS
- PHOT, PHOTOGRAPH
- BUDG, BUDGET/BUDGET REVIEW
- Recipient (Organization)
- Loews Board of Directors
- Master ID
- 88012534/2583
Related Documents: - Date Loaded
- 12 Feb 1999
- Document File
- 88012360/88012660/Missing
- Site
- G65
- Author (Organization)
- Loews
- Touche Ross
- Litigation
- Stmn/Produced
- Characteristic
- PARE, PARENT
- Brand
- Golden Lights
- Kent
- Max
- Newport
- Old Gold
- Satin
- Triumph
- True
- Kent
- UCSF Legacy ID
- ujl30e00
Document Images
11. RATIFICATION OF THE APPOINTMENT OF
INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
Upon the recommendation of the Audit Review Committee of the Board of Directors, none of whose
members is an officer of the Company, the Board of Directors of the Company has selected the firm
of Touche Ross & Co., independent certified public accountants, as the principal independent
auditors
of the Company for the year ending December 31, 1986, subject to ratification by the shareholders.
Touche Ross & Co. served as the Company's independent auditors in 1985. If the appointment of the
firm of Touche Ross & Co. is not approved or if that firm shall decline to act or their employment
be
otherwise discontinued, the Board of Directors will appoint other independent auditors.
Representatives
of Touche Ross & Co. are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting, at which time they will be
available to respond to appropriate questions from shareholders and will be given an opportunity to
make a statement if they desire to do so.
III. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL RELATING TO A NOMINATING COMMITTEE
Lewis D. Gilbert and/or John J. Gilbert, both of 1165 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10128,
each of whom is the owner of 50 shares of Common Stock and who state they represent an additional
family interest of 441 shares of Common Stock, and/or Wilma Soss, P.O. Box 190, Grand Central Sta-
tion, New York, New York 10163, who is the owner of 100 shares of Common Stock, and/or Albert Kurtz,
1810 Ivy Lane, Winter Park, Florida 32789 who is the owner of 1,416 shares of Common Stock, and/or
John C. Henry, 5 East 93rd Street, New York, New York, who is the owner of 21,000 shares of Common
Stock, have notified the Company in writing that they intend to present the following resolution at
the
Annual Meeting for action by the shareholders:
"RESOLVED: That the stockholders of Loews Corporation, assembled in annual
meeting in person and by proxy, hereby request the Board of Directors to take the steps
necessary to provide for the formation of a nominating committee, at least the majority of
which should be composed of outside directors.
"REASONS: In 1981, 653 owners of 133,138 shares voted in favor of our similar resolu-
tion. The vote against included the unmarked proxies.
"The whole purpose of having a nominating committee is to be assured that indepen-
dent directors, not affiliated with management, assume the responsibility of selecting new
nominees for the Board.
"Your attention is called to the fact that more and more corporations now have a
nominating committee and this has been recommended as good corporate governance by
a Chairman of the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange.
"Among the companies to adopt this practice are: Southern Pacific, R. Hoe, Facet
Ind., Landmark Land Co., Inc., Foremost McKesson, Inc., Vista Resources, Sonesta Interna-
tional Hotels Corporation, Electro Audio Dynamics, GAF, First National Boston Corp., New
Mexico and Arizona Land, Warner Communications, Culbro, Bell and Howell, Carter-Wallace,
Collins and Aikman, Claremont Capital, Jim Walter, United Brands, Amax Inc., Great Lakes
International, General Refractories and Fairchild Industries.
9

"If you agree, please mark your proxy for this resolution; otherwise it is automatically
cast against it, unless you have marked to abstain."
The Board of Directors recommends a vote AGAINST this proposal.
The Board of Directors continues to believe, as it did in 1981 when this proposal was rejected
by over 98% of the votes cast, that a nominating committee is not necessary. The Board of Directors
itself is capable of performing directly the functions of a nominating committee.
The affirmative vote of shares representing a majority of the outstanding Common Stock entitled
to vote is required for approval of this proposal.
IV. SHAREHOLDER PROPOSAL RELATING TO DIRECTORS' TENURE
Evelyn Y. Davis, 1127 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, who is the owner of
561 shares of Common Stock, has notified the Company in writing that she intends to present the
following
resolution at the Annual Meeting for action by the shareholders:
"RESOLVED: That the stockholders of Loews recommend that the Board take the
necessary steps so that future outside directors shall not serve for more than six years.
states.
"REASONS: The President of the U.S.A. has a term limit, so do Governors of many
"Newer directors may bring in fresh outlooks and different approaches with benefits
to all shareholders.
"No director should be able to feel that his or her directorship is until 'retirement'.
Last year the owners of 2,246,668 shares, representing about 3.5% of shares voting, voted
FOR this resolution.
"If you AGREE, please mark your proxy FOR this resolution."
The Board of Directors recommends a vote AGAINST this proposal.
This proposal was defeated by the shareholders when it was proposed last year. The Board of
Directors continues to believe that its adoption is undesirable for the reasons given last year, as
follows:
The tenure of outside directors is not guaranteed. Each director, if he or she is to remain in
office,
must be elected by the shareholders at the Annual Meeting. In addition, continued service permits a
director to acquire increased knowledge and perspective with respect to the Company's business and
operations. The Board believes that an arbitrary limitation on the tenure of outside directors could
deprive
the Company of the services of knowledgeable individuals who merit reelection.
The affirmative vote of shares representing a majority of the outstanding Common Stock entitled
to vote is required for approval of this proposal.
10 sso1zs4s

V. OTHER MATTERS
The Company does not know of any other matters to be brought before the meeting. If other matters
should properly come before the meeting, proxies will be voted on such matters in accordance with
the best judgment of the persons appointed by the proxies.
The Company will bear all costs in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the meeting.
The Company intends to request brokerage houses, custodians, nominees and others who hold stock
in their names to solicit proxies from the persons who own such stock, and such brokerage houses,
custodians, nominees and others will be reimbursed for their out-of-pocket expenses and reasonable
clerical expenses.
In addition to the use of the mails, solicitation may be made by employees of the Company and
its subsidiaries, personally, by special letter, telephone or telegraph.
Shareholder Proposals for the 1987 Annual Meeting
Shareholder proposals for the 1987 Annual Meeting must be received by the Company at its principal
executive offices set forth above not later than November 25, 1986 in order to be included in the
Com-
pany's proxy materials.
By order of the Board of Directors,
BARRY HIRSCH
Secretary
Dated: March 27, 1986
PLEASE COMPLETE, DATE, SIGN AND
RETURN YOUR PROXY PROMPTLY
11

. . 11 tLl_.v, - _- - ._.
Loews Corporation Annual Report 1985
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS `
Results of Operations:
Revenues ......................
Income from continuing operations
Per share income from continuing
operations ....................
Net income ....................
Per share net income ............
Financial Position:
Total assets ....................
Long-term debt:
Continuing operations .........
Discontinued operations .......
Shareholders' equity .............
Cash dividends per share .........
Years Ended December 31,
1985 1984 1983 1982 1981
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
$ 6,700,270 $ 5,556,343 $ 5,138,026 $ 4,534,655 $ 4,541,830
502,607 320,853 260,533 204,383 261,996
6.17 3.94 3.13 2.29 2.73
588,975 328,640 341,242 215,824 253,213
7.23 4.03 4.10 2.41 2.64
16,119,782 12,556,902 11,510,204 10,395,911 9,909,796
790,879 398,082 512,146 559,196 559,740
5,732 6,649 186,153 205,478
2,442,241 2,007,040 1,688,383 1,425,941 1,356,641
3.00 .29 .16 .16 .16
PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK*
Loews Corporation's common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The following table sets
forth
the reported consolidated tape high and low sales prices in each calendar quarter of 1985 and 1984:
1985 1984
High Low High Low
First Quarter ......................................... $45.83 $33.00 $27.77 $24.13
Second Quarter ...................................... 51.75 43.25 29.50 23.50
Third Quarter ........................................ 54.13 41.75 31.42 25.75
Fourth Quarter ....................................... 56.25 43.13 35.50 28.17
DIVIDEND INFORMATION'
The Company has paid quarterly cash dividends on its common stock in each year since 1967. Regular
dividends of $.25 per share of common stock outstanding were paid in each calendar quarter of 1985
with au additional special dividend of $2.00 per share paid in the third quarter of 1985. Dividends
of
$.08'/j per share on common stock outstanding were paid in each of the last three quarters of 1984
and of $.04 per share in the first quarter of 1984.
APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF EQUITY SECURITY HOLDERS
As of February 28, 1986 the Company had approximately 6,700 record holders of Common Stock.
*All per share amounts have been adjusted to give retroactive effect to the three for one and two
and
one-half for one stock splits declared by the Board of Directors on January 15, 1985 and February
21,
1984 payable to shareholders of record on January 28, 1985 and March 16, 1984, respectively.
CONTENTS
Financial Highlights ......................................................................1
Letter to Shareholders and Employees ......................................................2
Business Segments .............* ...........................................................8
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ........... 10
Financial Statements .....................................................................12
Auditors' Opinion .......................................................................31
Directory:
Directors .............................................................................35
Officers ..............................................................................36
1

TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS AND EMPLOYEES
I
Loews Corporation reported record revenues,
income from continuing operations and net
income for 1985. Assets grew to $16.1 billion
and shareholders' equity reached $2.4 billion.
Income from continuing operations for the
year ended December 31, 1985 amounted to
$502.6 million, or $6.17 per share. Income
from continuing operations for the prior year
amounted to $320.9 million, or $3.94 per
share. Income from continuing operations in
1984 included a one-time $31.2 million, or
$38 per share, benefit resulting from reduction
of deferred taxes of life insurance operations
under the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984.
Net income for 1985 amounted to $589.0
million, or $7.23 per share, compared to net
income of $328.6 million, or $4.03 per share,
for 1984. Net income in 1985 includes gain on
disposition of the Company's theatre division
amounting to $80.8 million, or $.99 per share.
Gross revenues were approximately $6.7 billion
in 1985, compared to $5.6 billion in 1984.
For the fourth quarter of 1985, income from
continuing operations amounted to $114.1
million, or $1.40 per share, compared to
$131.2 million, or $1.61 per share, including
the benefit resulting from reduction of deferred
taxes, in the 1984 fourth quarter.
Shareholders'Equity
milliont of do!lars
2,500
Rcvenues
millions of do!larr
'81 '82 '83 '84 '85
6.00
4.50
3.00
1.50
0
'81 '82 '83 '84 '85
7,500
6,000
4,500
'81 '82 '83 '84 '85
3,000
1,500
Earnings Per Share
do!larr
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
0 7.50
Net income for the quarter ended December
31, 1985 amounted to $115.1 million, or $1.42
per share, compared to $131.9 million, or
$1.62 per share, in the 1984 fourth quarter.
Gross revenues amounted to $1.8 billion in
the 1985 fourth quarter, compared to gross
revenues of $1.5 billion in the comparable
1984 quarter.
Lorillard
In posting a revenue increase over the
previous year, Lorillard achieved its tenth
consecutive year of record earnings. Lorillard's
strong performance is particularly impressive in
an environment of intense competition and
unprecedented pressures from anti-tobacco
groups and legislative restrictions.
Sales volume for Lorillard and the industry
declined slightly in 1985, experiencing a
somewhat erratic swing in inventories at year-
end due to the uncertainty over the $0.16 per
pack Federal Excise Tax.
Originally scheduled to sunset October 1,
1985, and revert to $0.08 per pack, Congress
extended the tax at the higher rate several
times during the last few months of 1985, and
another vote on this issue is expected in March
of 1986.
Sales of generic and price value cigarette
brands continued to cause increased competition
among manufacturers during 1985. Lorillard
continues to market only full priced brands
rather than enter these very low margin
segments. While Lorillard's share of the total
American cigarette market declined minimally
in 1985 from 8.2 % to 8.1 %, its share of full
priced brand sales increased slightly to 8.8%.
ToW Asscts
bi!lront of do!lart
Net Income
18
millions of do!/ar s
600
15
500 12
400
9
300
I
II 6
' 200
I
liii
100
100
0 '8l '8
'8
'8
'8 3
0
5
'81 '82 '83 '84 '85

Newport continued its impressive sales
growth for the thirteenth consecutive year,
reaching a new high of 3.4 % share of market.
Its 12.1 % growth over the previous year once
again made Newport the fastest growing major
brand in the industry. Newport 25's were
successfully tested and subsequently expanded
to reach approximately 40% of the U.S.
market in the fourth quarter in 1985.
Newport 25's, available in both king size
and 100mm packings, are sold at full price per
unit, and have added incremental volume to
the brand group. The Newport advertising
theme "Alive With Pleasure'' continues to be
successfully utilized in all marketing and
promotional activities for the brand.
The Kent family of brands, representing over
one-third of Lorillard's total cigarette sales,
added a Kent Golden Lights Box 100's packing
in 1985. Introduced nationally in May, this
new line extension represents an opportunity
for the brand in the growing 100mm and box
packing preferred by many adult American
smokers.
During the fourth quarter of 1985, True
Gold was introduced nationally in three low-
tar, non-menthol packings: king size, 100mm
and 100mm box. These three new products
were designed to broaden the appeal of the
True brand by offering a conventional acetate
filter tip with the promise of rich smooth taste.
Each True Gold product is packaged in
luxurious gold foil.
Lorillard's loose leaf chewing tobacco
products showed a slight increase in market
share during 1985, while total loose leaf sales
declined.
During 1985, Lorillard restructured and
streamlined its entire sales organization. This
reorganization has enabled the company to
increase coverage of retail accounts and improve
productivity with a net reduction in manpower.
The consolidation of all cigarette
manufacturing in Lorillard's Greensboro, N.C.
facility was completed during the year, and all
attendant costs were expensed in 1985. At
Greensboro, Lorillard continued its program of
installing the highest speed manufacturing
equipment.
Little cigars and chewing tobacco continue to
be manufactured in Louisville, Ky., and all
tobacco storage and processing continue to be
handled in Lorillard's Danville, Va. facility.
The industry and Lorillard continue to face
an increasing number of lawsuits asserting
liability in relation to smoking and health.
In the coming months, the tobacco industry
will face continuing legislative and regulatory
challenges, as well as continued pressures from
anti-tobacco groups. Lorillard officials remain
actively involved in efforts to maintain balance
and reason in the debates concerning tobacco.
We continue to encourage our employees,
shareholders and customers to express their
views on tobacco-related matters to elected and
appointed officials. Such expressions are an
effective means of communicating important
interests concerning our company, and will
help us avoid unwarranted restrictive
legislation.
CNA Financial
CNA combined strong earnings with
substantial premium growth in 1985.
In 1984, CNA climbed from the 18th largest
to the 15th largest insurance organization in
the United States, as measured by premium
3

4
volume. When all 1985 industry results are
tabulated, CNA likely will be ranked even
higher.
Much of CNA's growth occurred because of
its ability to take advantage of the dramatic
turnaround in the property and casualty
marketplace. Premium rates rose significantly in
many lines in 1985, after six years of cut-rate
pricing that weakened a number of insurers.
During that period, CNA had maintained a
strong surplus and sound reserves. Consequently,
unlike many of its competitors, it possessed the
financial resources to write sizeable amounts of
business once the market permitted adequate
margins.
While CNA's market share increased in
1985, this growth was not achieved at the
expense of profitability. Because it had the
capacity to underwrite new business when many
other companies did not, CNA was able to be
selective about the quality and profit potential
of the risks it chose to accept.
Again in 1985, CNA's property and casualty
operations and its principal life insurance
company received A-plus ratings from A.M.
Best Company, the most widely accepted source
of insurance industry information. These
ratings are especially noteworthy since A.M.
Best last year downgraded a large number of
other insurance carriers. At present, only 24 %
of property and casualty companies and 16%
of life insurance companies are rated A-plus.
Among the 10 largest companies that market
their products primarily through independent
agents, CNA is one of only two to have an
A-plus rating.
The extensive reductions in A.M. Best ratings
reflect the fact that the property and casualty
industry, sustained a net operating loss of $5.5
billion in 1985-even after factoring in
investment income. This was the second
consecutive year in which the industry recorded
a loss. Diminished industry capacity and higher
premiums raised questions about the
availability and affordability of some lines of
insurance last year. Commercial liability
coverages, especially, became a major concern.
The reason that this line has been particularly
affected is the acceleration in frequency and
severity of claims, prompted in large part by
judicial decisions that expand liability exposure
in unpredictable ways, by soaring defense costs,
and by enormous legal settlements.
CNA has continued to write most commercial
lines, including commercial liability, in order
to offer total insurance service to its agents and
their clients. At the same time, CNA has
joined with other segments of the business
community to work toward civil justice reforms
that can help to make liability coverages more
accessible to those who need them. In this
effort, CNA has encouraged others, both in
and out of the industry, to support reforms
such as more reasonable negligence standards,
limits on attorneys' contingent fees, and the
use of arbitration in settling disputes.
The crisis in liability coverages is one of the
most serious issues now confronting the
insurance industry, and it impacts on CNA as
on other companies that write this coverage.
However, as a multi-line insurer, CNA
enjoys the advantage of a well-balanced book
of business in virtually all lines: personal,
commercial, life, and health. Thus it is not
affected as severely by fluctuations in any
particular line as arc more specialized carriers.

{
CNA's positive 1985 results represent its
continued emphasis on a healthy financial base,
cost effectiveness at every level, and close
partnership with agents of proven professionalism.
In 1985, CNA demonstrated its commitment
to its agents by offering most major lines of
insurance despite a tightened marketplace, and
by expanding agent support through both
technology and human resources. The High
Performance Agency Program (HPA) remains
the strongest commitment that CNA makes to
its independent agents. High Performance
agents receive guarantees and assistance that are
unique in the industry. Production from these
agencies rose significantly last year, and they
again contributed nearly half of CNA's field
premium volume.
Life insurance production also increased
impressively in 1985. CNA continued to
implement its strategy of building closer
business relationships with highly professional
life general agents, while helping property and
casualty agencies develop more life insurance
business. To heighten efficiency in
underwriting and administration, in 1985 CNA
opened a new national individual life insurance
center in Nashville, Tennessee.
CNA has emerged as one of the strongest
and most stable companies in the insurance
industry and it remains favorably positioned to
make further gains during 1986.
Loews Hotels
1985 was an excellent year for Loews Hotels.
Positive results were achieved despite the
adverse affects on the travel industry resulting
from a surplus of hotel rooms, due to
overbuilding, coupled with a decrease in travel
caused by an increasing concern about
turbulent travel-related occurrences.
There are two key factors in Loews Hotels'
continued success in an increasingly competitive
industry. First: each of the 14 hotels in the
group is well established in its market and
recognized for offering distinctive features
geared specifically to its clientele. Second: in a
service, people oriented business, the longevity
of Loews employees has proved to be an
invaluable asset in encouraging repeat
bookings.
With its S 15 million enhancement program
well underway, The Regency Hotel in New
York is securing its reputation as one of the
finest luxury properties in New York and the
world. The hotel's new restaurant, 540 Park,
The Regency Fitness Center, the refurbished
function rooms, as well as many subtle
refinements throughout the hotel, have been
commended by the hotel's longstanding guests
and have great appeal to new clientele.
In its first year of operation, Loews Ventana
Canyon Resort, a management property, earned
six awards for excellence in architecture, design,
landscaping, construction and environmental
preservation. The year-round resort is
exceptional in that, rather than intruding, it
coexists with its Sonoran Desert site. Loews
Ventana Canyon has been instrumental in
establishing Tucson as a world-class resort
destination.
On the famed Cote d'Azur, Loews Monte
Carlo celebrated its 10th anniversary as Europe's
most spectacular convention resort. Loews La
Napoule, built directly on the beach outside
Cannes, has become increasingly popular for
both corporate groups and leisure travelers.
In Toronto, Loews Westbury's Creighton's
restaurant celebrated another year of rave
;I
5

reviews and Loews L'Enfant Plaza, a
management property in Washington, D.C.,
received more accolades for its culinary
excellence.
Loews Summit has completed an extensive
renovation, which included every area of the
hotel. It continues to be one of the most
successful corporate hotels in its class and is the
New York home of renowned sports figures
and teams. Nearby, Loews Glenpointe, a
management property, has earned a well
established niche as northern New Jersey's
premier hotel.
Loews Harbour Cove, Paradise Island's most
intimate resort, continues to welcome an
exceptional number of repeat guests each year.
Loews Anatole Hotel, a management
property, increased its share of business in an
extremely competitive market, while at the
same time earning six important awards for
excellence in service to meetings of every size,
as well as to individual business travelers. With
1620 guest rooms, 19 restaurants and lounges,
58 function rooms, and the all inclusive
Verandah spa, Loews Anatole is the most
extraordinary convention hotel in the country.
LRI, Inc. (Loews Representation International)
experienced a very successful year in 1985,
increasing the number of member hotels to
approximately 350. These select properties are
supported by the international LRI, Inc.
network of 11 regional offices and the world
headquarters in New York.
Loews Hotels will continue its policy of
controlled expansion, only entering unsaturated
markets where Loews can operate a dominant
property.
6
Bulova
Bulova generated profits in 1985-the second
consecutive year-in spite of intense
competition and oversupply in the watch
industry. The restructuring of Bulova's watch
and clock operations will continue into 1986.
The introduction of Ultime by Bulova, a line
of 14-karat gold and full-cut diamond watches,
exceeded projections and quickly sold out
during the spring season. Ultime's success is
expected to continue in 1986 as new
introductions are added to the line.
Maintaining its focus on diamonds, Bulova
expanded its outstanding collection of diamond
watches as retail jewelers continue to accept
higher, more aggressive price points. Keeping
pace with the fashion trend in the marketplace,
Caravelle introduced the Fiero and Charter
Club Collections and in 1986 Bulova expects to
market both Club Med and Benetton watches
through exclusive licensing agreements.
The Clock Division completed another
profitable year, maintaining a strong position
with jewelers and successfully entering two new
trade classifications - the gift market and the
office products market where Bulova became
the major clock resource.
The L'Epee line of French Carriage and Paris
Regulator Clocks, which Bulova represents
exclusively in the United States, continued to
be well received. Building on this success,
Bulova will join with Hoya Crystal to introduce
the Hoya Full Lead Crystal Clock Collection by
Bulova in 1986. This "Sculptures in Time"
series combines crystal craftsmanship, artistic
design and quartz accuracy.
~ . , ., .. . f-:: .. . . ., .

In 1985 Bulova advertising appeared in On behalf of the Board of Directors, we
major national consumer publications and a thank you, our shareholders and employees, for
series of radio commercials aired in key your commitment and support.
markets. Bulova gave increased emphasis to its
Hispanic market advertising campaign. A
Bulova spokesperson continued to appear on Sincerely,
major television and radio talk shows through-
out the country for the Time Awareness Center.
Bulova Italy has remained profitable and
Bulova Canada has shown significant
improvement in sales, gross profit and
operating profit during 1985.
Bulova Systems & Instruments Corporation
continued to show sales and profit growth in Laurence A. Tisch Preston R. Tisch
1985. Earlier efforts to broaden BSIC's product Chairman of the Board President
base (electrical and mechanical) continue in
both the domestic and foreign markets. In February 20, 1986
addition, new marketing emphasis is being
placed on selling manufacturing technology of
some of BSIC's more mature products to
foreign companies and governments.
Backlog at BSIC in 1985 reached record
levels. This will result in further sales growth
during 1986. Extensive investment in new
manufacturing technology has resulted in lower
costs and improved operating efficiencies.
As forecasted, the Bulova Park Headquarters
and surrounding land in Jackson Heights, New
York, were sold for $24.8 million. Management
will remain in the building while its assembly,
warehouse and service operations will relocate
within the general area.
In this annual report, on pages 32 through
34, you will find balance sheets, statements of
income, and statements of changes in finincial
position, accounting for CNA as an investment
under the equity method of accounting, as
compared to its consolidation in our financial
statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. We think these
statements aid in assessing your company's
inherent strengths.
7
