Tobacco Documents Online

1 8. Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., and Morgenstern, H. . "Epidemiologic Research. Principles and Quantitative Methods," (Belmont, California: Lifetime Learning Publications, 1982). - National Research Council. "Committee on Indoor Pollutants. Indoor Pollutants," (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1981). 10. Spengler, J. D., Dockery, D. W., Turner, W. A., Wolfson, J. 1. M., and Ferris, B. G., Jr. "Long-term Measurements of Respirable Sulfates and Particles Inside and Outside Homes," Atmos. Environ. 15:23-30 (1981). Spengler, J. D.., and Soczek, M. L. "Evidence for Improved 12. Ambient Air Quality and the Need for Personal Exposure Research," Environ. Sci. Technol. 18:268A-280A (1984). Enstrom, J. E. "Rising Lung Cancer Mortality Among 13. Nonsmokers," JNCI 62:755-60 (1979). Garfinkel, L. "Time Trends in Lung Cancer Mortality Among Nonsmokers and a Note on Passive Smoking," JNCI 66:1061-1066 (1981). 14. Auerbach, 0., Hammond, E. C., and Garfinkel, L. "Changes in Bronchial Epithelium in Relation to Cigarette Smoking, 1955-1960 vs. 1970-1977," N. Engl. J. Med. 300:381-386 (1979). 15. Miller, G. H. "Cancer, Passive Smoking and Nonemployed and 16. Employed Wives," West J. Med. 140:632-635 (1984). Gillis, C. R., Hole, D. J., Hawthorne, V. M., and Boyle, P. "The Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Two Urban Communities in the West of Scotland," Eur. J. Resp. Dis. 65 (Supplement No. 133):121-126 (1984). 17. Sandler, D., Wilcox, A., and Everson, R. "Cumulative Passive 18. Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Cancer Risk (abstract)," Am. J. Epidemiol. 120:482 (1984). Vandenbroucke, J. P., Verheesen, J. H. H., DeBruin, A., 9. Mauritz, B. J., van der Heide-Wessel, C. and van*der Heide, R. M. "Active and Passive Smoking in Married Couples: Results of 25 Year Followup," Br. Med. J. 288:1801-802 (1984). Hirayama, T. "Non-smoking Wives of Heavy Smokers Have a Higher Risk of Lung Cancer: A Study From Japan," Br. Med. J. 282:183-185 (1981). m ~ ,;,

. .r: tiEtt;,itiy~{}~~3}7}iNtt}iti}tft}j4::}IBN}71;}11i}i}tta~,:fil,.li~j~?~j 20. Hirayama, T. "Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer," Presented at the Fifth World Congress on Smoking and Health, Winnepeg, Canada. July, 1983. 21. Hirayama, T. "Non-smoking Wives of Heavy Smokers Have a Higher Risk of Lung Cancer (letter)," Br. Med. J. 283:916-917 (1981). 22. Trichopoulos, D., Kalandidi, A., Sparros, L., and MacMahon, B. "Lung Cancer and Passive Smoking," Int. J. Cancer 27:1-4 (1981). 23. Trichopoulos, D., Kalandidi, A., and Sparros, L. "Lung Cancer and Passive Smoking: Conclusion of Greek Study (letter)," Lancet 1:677-678 (1983). 24. Kabat, G. C., and Wynder, E. L. "Lung Cancer in Nonsmokers," Cancer 53:1214-1221 (1984). 25. Correa, P., Pickle, L. W., Fontham, E., Lin, Y., and Haenszel, W. "Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer," Lancet 2:595-597 (1983). 26. Dalager, N., Pickle, L., Mason, T., and Ziegler, R. "Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer (abstract)," Am. J. Epidemiol. 120:482 (1984). 27. Knoth, A., Bohn, H., and Schmidt, F. "Passivrauchen als Lungenkrebsursache bei Nichtraucherinnen," Med. Klin. 78:66-69 (1983). 28. Chan, V. C., Colbourne, M. J., Fung, S. C., and Ho, H. C. "Bronchial Cancer in Hong Kong 1976-1977," Br. J. Cancer 39:182-192 (1979). 29. Chan, W. C., and Fung, S. C. "Lung Cancer in Non-smokers in Hong Kong," In Grundmann E, ed, Cancer Campaign, Vol 6, Cancer Epidemiology. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 199-202 (1982). 30. Koo, L. C., HO, J. H-C, and Saw, D. "Is Passive Smoking an Added Risk Factor for Lung Cancer in Chinese Women?," In Press. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 31. Repace, J. L. "Consistency of Research Data on Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer (letter)," Lancet 1:506 (1984).

TABLE 1 Investigations Showing Significant Effects of Passive Smoking on Lung Cancer Risk Study Prospective cohort study in Japan of 91,540 nonsmoking women, 1966-1979 (19). Case-control study in Greece with 40 cases, 149 controls, 1978- 1980 (22). Case-control study in the U.S.A. with 22 female and 8 males cases, 133 female and 180 male controls (25). Findings Age-occupation adjusted SMRs, by husbands' smoking: Comment Trend statistically significant. All histologies. Non-smokers - 1.00 Ex, or 1-19/day - 1.61 >/ 20/day - 2.08 Odds ratios by husbands' smoking: Non-smokers - 1.00 Ex-smokers - 1.8 < 20/day - 2.4 >,,21 /day - 3.4 Trend statistically significant. Histo- logies other than adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Odds ratios by spouse smoking: Non-smokers - 1.00 1-40 pack-years - 1.48 >/ 41 pack-years - 3.11 Significant in- crease for >/ 41 pack years. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma excluded. Y':,

TABLE 2 Investigations Not Showing Significant Effects Of Passive Smoking On Lung Cancer Risk Study Findings Comment Prospective cohort study in the USA of 176,139 nonsmoking females, 1960-1972 (13). Prospective cohort study in Scotland of 8128 males and females, 1972-1982 (16) Case-control study in Hong Kong of 84 female cases and 139 controls, 1976-1977 (28,29). Case-control study the U.S.A. 25 male and 53 female cases with matched controls, 1971-1980 (24). Case-control study in Hong Kong with 88 nonsmoking female cases, 1981-1982 (30). Age-adjusted SMRs, by husbands' smoking: All histologies. Non-smokers - 1.00 < 20/day - 1.27 >/ 20/day - 1.10 Age-adjusted SMRs, Preliminary, small for domestic exposure numbers Males - 3.25 Females - 1.00 Crude odds ratio asso- ciated with smoking spouse of 0.75. All histologies. two reports are inconsistent on the exposure variable. Odds ratios for current exposure at home were 1.26 in males and 0.92 in females. Odds ratio for combined home and workplace exposure of 1.24 (p>0.40). All histologies. Findings negative for spouse smoking variable as well. All histologies.