the Epa Review Draft: Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Assessment of Lung Cancer in Adults and Respiratory Disorders in Children

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the Epa Review Draft: Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Assessment of Lung Cancer in Adults and Respiratory Disorders in Children

Date: 28 Sep 1990
Length: 23 pages
87654290-87654312
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Type

REPT, OTHER REPORT

BIBL, BIBLIOGRAPHY

Area

SPEARS,ALEXANDER/EXEC CONF ROOM STORAGE

Alias

87654290/87654312

Site

G65

Request

R1-004

R1-041

R1-048

R1-132

Named Organization

Ahf, American Health Foundation

Ajph

Am J Epidemiology

American Journal of Epidemiology

American Review of Respiratory Disease

Archives of Environmental Health

Ashrae

Ashrae Soeh Indoor Air Quality 89

Assn of Indoor Air Pollution + Passive S

British Medical Journal

Chest

Environment Intl

Environmental Health Perspectives

Environmental Research

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Epa, Environmental Protection Agency

Ets Environmental Tobacco Smoke

European Journal of Respiratory Diseases

Excerpta Medica

Exp Pathol

Gan No Rinsho

Indoor Air

Indoor Air 90 Proceedings

Indoor Air Quality

Intl Journal of Cancer

Intl Journal of Epidemiology

J Air Waste Manage Assn

J Allergy Clin Immunol

Japca

Jnci

Journal of Epidemiology + Community Heal

Lancet

Mutation Research

Nejm

New England Journal of Medicine

Nutr Cancer

Office of Health + Environmental Assessm

Oncology Times

Pediatrics

Present + Future of Indoor Air Quality

Proceedings Indoor Air 90 Toronto Canada

Proceedings of the Intl Symposium Mcgill

Proceedings Toxicology Forum 1990 Annual

Report From Workshop on Effects + Exposu

Respiratory Illnesses Among Japanese + C

Risk Analysis

Science

Second Annual Meeting Intl Society for E

Soc Sci Med

Soeh

Acta Paediatr Scan

Named Person

Adlkofer, F.

Ahlborn, W.

Anderson, L.

Baker, R.

Berglund, B.

Berwick, M.

Bieva, C.J.

Brunekreef, B.

Chapman, R.S.

Colley, T., J.R.

Coultas, D.

Deserres, F.J.

Du, Y.

Ecobichon, J.

Ekwo, E.E.

Faccini, J.

Fleming, D.W.

Gao, Y.T.

Gardner, G.

Goren, A.I.

Haley, N.

Harrington, W.

Hellmann, S.

He, X.

Hirayama

Holma, B.

Holst, F.A.

Honicky, R.E.

Hosein, H.R.

Janerich, D.

Kabat, G.

Kasuga, H.

Katzenstein, A.

Kerigan

Kerigan, A.

Kilpatrick, S.

Koo

Koo, L.C.

Krupnick, A.J.

Layard, M.

Leaderer, B.

Lebowitz, M.D.

Lee, P.

Letzel, H.

Mantel, N.

Martin, C.

Matsushima, T.

Mccullough, J.

Melia, Rjw

Mitchell, E.

Mumford, J.

Nordvall, S.L.

Oldaker, G.

Osborne, J.S.

Ownby, D.

Perry, R.

Piade, J.

Platt, S.

Pope, C.

Quackenboss, J.J.

Robertson, G.

Rylander, R.

Scherer, G.

Sidney, S.

Sobue, T.

Speizer, F.

Springer

Sterling, T.D.

Tewes, F.J.

Uberla, K.

Vaughan, W.

Verlag

Vonmeyerinck, L.

Watkins, C.J.

Watts, R.

Winding, O.

Wu, A.H.

Wynder, E.

Date Loaded

05 Jun 1998

Master ID

87653565/6821
Related Documents:

Litigation

Stmn/Produced

Author (Organization)

Epa, Environmental Protection Agency

Characteristic

OVER, OVER SIZE DOCUMENT

UCSF Legacy ID

qur21e00

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Page 1: qur21e00 Log in for more options!

M I I M I I United States Office ol Health and EPA6OO'889 067F Ermrironmentat Protection Environmental Assessment July 1989 AAgency Washmflton DC 20460 Research and Development .=.EPA Indoor Air Reference Bibliography

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APPENDIX I RECENT PUBLICATIONS ON ETS The authors of the EPA Review Draft failed to consider a number of pertinent studies, reviews, analyses and criticisms on ETS which were available in the published literature at the time the Review Draft was written. (See comments re: Lung Cancer, Exposure Studies and Children's Studies). In addition, a number of studies and reviews on ETS have been published recently which would warrant inclusion in any subsequent revision of the Draft. These studies and reviews, together with selected summaries and quotations, are listed below. I. LUNG CANCER A. Primary Studies 1. Kabat, G. "Epidemiologic Studies of the Relationship Between Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer", Proceedinas, Toxicology Forum 1990 Annual Winter Meeting, Washington, D.C., February, 1990: 187-199. Preliminary results from the on-going American Health Foundation study of 90 nonsmoker lung cancer cases indicate no statistically significant associations for lung cancer among males or females who were exposed to ETS during childhood or adulthood (in the home or the workplace). 2. Sobue, T. "Association of Indoor Air Pollution and Passive Smoking with Lung Cancer", Gan no Rinsho 36(3): 329-333, 1990. Translation. Sobue and colleagues, in a study of lung cancer among non-smoking women in Osaka, Japan, reported no statistically significant associations between ETS exposures during childhood or adulthood and lung cancer among nonsmokers. The researchers noted, however, a statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer among women who had used wood or straw as cooking fuels.

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3. Janerich, D. et al, "Lung Cancer and Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in the Household", NEJM 323(10): 632-636, 1990. In a highly publicized article, researchers from the U.S. reported that household exposure of 25 or more smoker years during childhood and adolescence could double the risk of lung cancer. However, the study noted that exposures to spousal smoking, smoking in the workplace, and smoking in social settings were not significantly associated with nonsmoker lung cancer incidence, nor were cumulative exposures during adulthood or over a lifetime. B. Studies on Confounding Factors 1. Rylander, R., et al., "Lung Cancer Risk by Oral Exposure," Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 91-100. "A risk factor of 1.3 was found for black tea and of 2.4 for green tea drinkers regardless of smoking habits." 2. Tewes, F.J., "Lung Cancer Risk and Mutagenicity of Tea," Environmental Research (52): 23-33, 1990. "Analysis of the data demonstrated an adjusted and statistically significant increased lung cancer risk of 2.7 among those who drank green tea. Several brands of tea commonly drank in Hong Kong were assayed for mutagenicity using Ames assay. Significantly elevated levels of mutagenic activity were found to be present after metabolic activation using cell-free extracts of cecal bacteria from rats. These data suggest that further research is needed to understand the possible consequences to human health of ingestants taken at low doses but long duration over the normal lifespan, - 2 -

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and the possible interactive effect between mutagens in tea and other ingestants and inhalants in human cancer etiology." 3. Koo, L., "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer: Is it the Smoke or the Diet?" Present and Future of Indoor Air Qualitv, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 91-100. "Because Chinese females in Hong Kong with no history of smoking have high incidence rates of lung cancer, and high prevalence rates of chronic bronchitis, various studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of inhaled and ingested substances in their etiology. Data on lifetime exposures to environmental tobacco smoke did not show dose-response effects with risk for lung cancer. There were also inconsistencies when trying to see whether ETS was related to chronic bronchitis." 4. He, X., "An Epidemiological Study of Lung Cancer in Xuan Wei County, China." Second Annual Meetina of the International Society for Environmental Epidemioloav ,(ISEE1, Berkeley, California: August 13-15, 1990. Abstract. . "The result shows that, in females who do not smoke, the presence of lung cancer is statistically significantly associated (at alpha-0.05) with chronic bronchitis and family history of lung cancer, the results also suggest an association of lung cancer with duration of cooking food, but not with passive smoking." 5. Du, Y., "Indoor Air Pollution and Woman Lung Cancer." Indoor Air 90 Proceedinas, Toronto, Canada: 59-64, 1990. "The OR of coal fumes exposure for woman was as high as 14.5." 3

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C. Published Critiques and Issue Analyses 1. Layard, M., "Assessing the Validity of a Japanese Cohort Study," Present and Future of Indoor Air ouality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 177-180. "Our analyses strongly suggest that reported death rates in the Hirayama cohort were substantially lower than Japanese national rates because mortality among persons lost to follow-up was higher than among those successfully traced." 2. Kilpatrick, S., "An Example of Extra-Poisson Variation Suggesting an Under-Specified Model," Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 83-90. 3. Wynder, E. and Kabat, G., "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer: A Critical Assessment," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga, (ed.), (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 5-15. "No consistent association has been reported for lung cancer and exposure to ETS in childhood, which might be expected to exert a greater effect, especially when followed by exposure throughout adulthood. Of course recall of ETS exposure in childhood is more difficult than recall of such exposure in adulthood." 4. Katzenstein, A., "An Estimate of Adult Mortality in the United States from Passive Smoking; A Response," Environment International, 16: 175-193, 1990. 5. Mantel, N., "What Is the Epidemiologic Evidence for a Passive Smoking-Lung Cancer Association?" Indoor Air oualitv, H. Kasuga, (ed.), (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 341-347. 4

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6. Rylander, R., "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Lung Cancer," The New England Journal of Medicine 323 (12): 834, 1990. "Studies evaluating the hypothesis of a relation between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer must take into account other environmental risk or protection factors and the possibility that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be confounded. This has not been considered in the majority of such studies. Until this has been done, the claim of causality between environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer remains uncertain." 7. Faccini, J., "The Role of Histopathology in the Evaluation of Risk of Lung Cancer from Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Exp. Fathol 37 (1-4): 177-180, 1989. "Current clinical practice for treating lung cancer does not provide adequate histopathological evaluation for the clear distinction between primary and metastatic neoplasia. Reliance on such clinical diagnosis jeopardizes the scientific validity of many epidemiological studies designed to assess the risk of inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)." 8. Layard, M., "Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cancer: The Epidemiologic Evidence," Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Proceedings of the International Svmposium at McGill University 1989, J. Ecobichon, (ed.), (Lexington, Mass.: D.C. Health, 1990): 99-115. 9. Mantel, N., "The Passive Smoking Myth," Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 155-159. 10. Lee, P., "Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer; Fact or Fiction?" Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 119-128. - 5 -

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11. Adlkofer, F., "Exposure to ETS and its Biological Effects: A Review," Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality, C.J. Bieva, et al. (eds.), (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1989): 189-196. 12. Uberla, K. and Ahlborn, w., "Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer: A Reanalysis of Hirayama's Data," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.), (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 333-340. 13. Letzel, H. and Uberla, K., "Meta-Analyses on Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.), (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 316-322. 6

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II. STUDIES ON ETS/EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT 1. Watts, R., et al., "Cotinine Analytical Workshop Report: Consideration of Analytical Methods for Determining Cotinine in Human Body Fluids as a Measure of Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoke," Environmental Health Perspectives, 84: 173-182, 1990. 2. Vaughan, W., "Impact of a "Designated Smoking Area" Policy on Nicotine Vapor and Particle Concentrations in a Modern Office Building," y7. Air-Waste Manaae Assoc., 40, (7): 1012-1017, 1990. 3. Haley, N., "Elimination of Cotinine from Body Fluids: Disposition in Smokers and Nonsmokers," AJPH 79, (8): 1046-1048, 1989. "Differences in the mode of uptake and absorption of nicotine and possible differences in nicotine metabolism may play roles in the clearance rate differences between smokers and nonsmokers." 4. Von Meyerinck, L., et al., "Exposure of Rats and Hamsters to Sidestream Smoke from Cigarettes in a Subchronic Inhalation Study," Exp. Pathol, 37 (1-4): 186- 189, 1989. Poster. "A 90-day feasibility study was performed in which rats and hamsters were exposed to the sidestream smoke of cigarettes. The only histopathological changes observed were hyperplasia and metaplasia of the epithelium covering the dorsal nasal turbinate bones in rats. These effects were reversible within 90 days." 7

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5. Scherer, G., "Biomonitoring of Exposure to Potentially Genotoxic Substances from Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Environment International, 15: 49-56, 1989. "No statistically significant increase was found in the urinary mutagenicity after either of the two exposure regimens, whereas thioether excretion was significantly elevated. The data suggest that nonsmokers in real-life situations take up very, low doses of ETS constituents, and detoxification of the genotoxic substances inhaled i-s effective." 6. Leaderer, B., "Assessing Exposures to Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Risk Analysis, 10, (1): 19-26, 1990. 7. Oldaker, G., et al., "Results from Surveys of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Offices and Restaurants," Indoor Air Ouality, H. Kasuga (ed.) (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 99-104. 8. Sterling, T.D., "ETS in Offices and When Smoking Is Restricted to Designated But Not Separately Ventilated Areas," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.) (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 120-129. 9. Baker, R., "The Origins and Properties of Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Environment International, 16: 231-245, 1990. 10. Coultas, D., "Questionnairq Assessment of Lifetime and Recent Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke," American Journal of EDidemioloav, 130, (2): pp. 338-347, 1989.

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11. Coultas, D. et al., "A Personal Monitoring Study to Assess Workplace Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke," AJPH, 80, (8): pp. 988-990, 1990. "The controversial effects of involuntary smoking in the workplace need further investigation. The conduct of such research would be facilitated by the development of unintrusive and accurate methods of exposure assessment. Alternative approaches include active and passive monitoring, biological markers, and questionnaires. We have shown that personal monitoring for tobacco smoke components can be accomplished in the workplace." 12. Perry, R. et al., "Indoor Air Quality: The Contribution of Environmental Tobacco Smoke," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.) (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 62-75. 13. Piade, J. et al., "Assessment of ETS Impact on Office Air Quality," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.) (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 112-119. 14. Robertson, G., "Source, Nature, and Symptomology of Indoor Air Pollutants," Indoor Air Quality, H. Kasuga (ed.) (Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1990): 393- 402. 15. Quackenboss, James J., "Indoor-Outdoor Relationships for Particulate Matter: Exposure Classifications and Health Effects," Environment International, 15: 353-360, 1989. 1

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