Tobacco Documents Online

~ DR. ISAAC ASL*i0V' S PIEWS ON SMCKIl`JG "I" H'B66 Dr. Isaac Asimav, the veil-known science and science-fiction writer, is a dedicated non-smoker. Here are some of his views: "I don't smoke. I have never smoked. The reason is simple - I don't like the smell. I took a puff once and didn't lika the taste or any part of the sensation. I per- fectly understand that is I try it enough I will learn to love it, but there are enough things I lave at once and a priori so that I don't have to go through unpleasantness .... When someone smokes in my presence.. his vice . is not private. His foul emanations find their way into my lungs and blood stream. His stench becomes my stench and clings to me. His effluvia make their mark on me. To be sure, he gets intense pleasure out of it but that is no excuse for victimizing me, and, of course, he raises my chance at heart disease and lung cancer for his pleasure. Let him or her smoke by all means, but only in private or in the company of those who do not ob- ject. I would not deprive him or her of lung cancer, if he or she wants it dreadfully, for anything. I just want a chance to avoid it myselt.... Let's put it this way, your freedom to smoke ends where my lungs begin." Cancer News, American Cancer Society, SpringlSummer, 1979, p.2 SMOKERS AWARE OF LIING DAiiAGE I4..B40 A survey sponsored by the American Cancer Society reveals that a large majority of both smokers and nonsmokers believe that cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancer and chose smokiag as the culprit over 19 other possible causes. The study, conducted by Liberman Research Inc., a major public opinion poZling organization, covered a nationwide sampling of 1,553 men and women I8 years and older. It shotired that cigarette smokers are aware they are endangering their health by smoking, and more than half smokers feel they are "very likely" or "fairly likaly" to develop lung cancer. Only 21Z of er-smokers and 14% of those who never smoked feel that they are going to develop lung cancer. But despite the "writing on the vall," smokers find it hard to quit. And smokers are optimistic that they can be saved from cancer if it is de- tected soon enough. Seventy-one per cent believe that if cancer is caught early enough by screening, there is a good chance of cuYe. The oPtlmisa esists despite the fact that lung cancer is one of the most uncurable forms of the disease, says the American Cancer Society. 'Phe U. S. Jour,sal of 'JraR and Alcohol Denendence, ?Siami, Fla., June 1980, -- --.~.•. _ -__.____ 5 p. -193-

10/80 I I I SMOKZYG dPM E'.*4LT°S'r:.`SA B-348 One of the fastest-growing health problens in Aaerica today is a disease knavn as pulmonary emphyseasa. Enghysena now affects.over one million Ameri- cans, and fift7 to fift7-five thousand die each year because of it. The disease has mu.ch in cor.mon with lung cancer-both involve changes in the surface ce11.s of the lung's air passages, and both are related to saoking. Emphysema occurs when the surface cells, because of outside irritants, be- gin to grow abnornally. As the growth conti:ues, they begin to block the smatl air tubes inside the lungs, trapping carbon dioxide within. Because of this blockage the person with emphysema.finds it difficult to ezhale air. As the condition worsens, the small air-sac walls in the lungs swell and rupture under the stress, producing larger and larger balloonlike sacs or "blebe." The valls of these blebs lose their elasticity as a result of the chemicala in the gases and tars. Persons with emphysema experience shortness of breath, lack of energy, and decreased efficiency. Eventually they canaot perform the necessary duties of life. Quitting sm+oking enables the luags to function more effectively again, but the broken air-sac walls never heal. Warniast: The Sur eon General Has Dete-r--tined That Cigarette Smoking is Danste_rous to Your Health, Robert Haddoc3c, Editor, Southern Publishing Association, Nashville, Tennessee, 1973, pp. 18, 19 I I I i ~ 10/80 SWICLYG d.~ID :40BTALITY * 14-B 34 t A monumental, 20-year biological study sponsored by the American Cancer Soc- iety haa found evidence of the lethal hazards of cigarette smoking. Not only does smoking significantly increase the death rate from cancer of the lung, but from cancers of the lip, tongue, bladder and esophagus. Startlingly, its increase in the death rate from heart disease and stroke is even 10 times higher than the increase from mmalignancies. Compared with the non-smokers in the stpdy, the smoker, especially the heavy smokers using the type of cigar- attes smoked in 1959, on average lost 8.3 years of-life. Does a switch to lov-tar, low-nicotine brands reduce the chances of heart disease and cancer? It helps, but still the smoker has a higher death rate than the nonsmoker; the risk does not evaporate. Upon quitting entirely, an ax-smoker does have a much more favorable outlook-and the longer he or she has stopped, the bet- ter the outiook. Not surprisingly, the study revealed a great and grwing r+lsk of fatal lung cancer among women smokers. Lung cancer now is the second leading cause of caacer death in women, 25 million of whom smoke. Air pol- ' lution had been thought by maay to be a major factor in lung cancer. Withouts, exonerating pollution and its role in chronic bronchitis and effiphysema, the study found it to be no great culprit for lung malignancy. Smoking is the key factor. -z.aec•stive Health, Santa re, California, August 1980 t L L L -194- . 85646040 ~

I I I t ~ 10/80 SN.OKLYG HA3ITS LY 70tTtiG WON...~:1 WI:3 PSYCHOSC:SA~"'IC DISORDERS M-337 A disproportionately large nuaber of habitual smokers, particularly stress smokers, can be found among young women with psychosomatic disorders. In an exploratory enqulr7, 111 women staying at a health resort were asked ques- tions regarding smoking habits and personalit9 traits. Smok.er and nons=ker images were compared in nonsmokers, ea-smokers, stress smokers, an-d non- stress smokers. The female smokers,. especially stress smokers, showed more anomalies accord- ing to the Freiburg Personality Inventory than the nonsmokers (among other characteristics, a greater degree of nervousness and a larger amount of neurotic tendencies). Also seen were indications that atress smokers felt less responsible for having acquired and upheld the smoking habit. In both groups of smokers, social factors had a prominent habit-forming function. There were hardly any group-specilic differences between the smoker and nonsmoker stereo- types. However, the nonsmoker image usually showed more positive traits. Smokins and Health Bulletin, II.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Haryland, Harch 1980, p. 97 10/80 COBONARY HF.aEI DISEASE AND SK.OKLiG M-339 Coronary heart disease now accounts for about one quarter of all deaths in England and Wales. Furthermore, cigarette smokers suffer a higher mor- tality from the disease than nonsmokers, although the relative risk con- nected-with smoking decreases with increasing age. The question, therefore, ar~'..ses: Does smoking actually cause coronary heart disease? Or does the association have a constitutional basis? Gen- etic factors predispose both to smoking and to coronary heart disease, and we need to determine whether these factors are associated. Iw.ertality atatistics for England and Wales over the period 1921 to 1973 have been studied in aa attempt to resolve these questions. These data bear critically on the issue of smoking and coronary heart dis- ease, and tsey show that littre or no causal action is involved; the assoc- i.ation of the habit with the disease has a genetic basis. Smokinq and Health Bulletin, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Roclcville, :*.ax9land, ;tarch 1980, p. 8Z -195-

i El 10/80 SMOXIMNG AM LIS:TG C1.VC°...'~t B-340 L° you smoke, your chances of dying from lung cancer are 700z greater than those who have never smoked on a regular basis. 'w'hen the average sr..oker takes a long drag on his cigarette, he inhales deeply, forcing smoke into the remotest sectione of his lungs. The smoke contains tar and nicotine which invade thousands of the innuanrable air sacs in the lungs. As he con- tinues to smoke, the smoker's air passages become increasingly coated with the sticky tar, which includes several cancer-causing agents. Ordiaarl-1y "c.ilia," small hairlike structures, brush invading matter from the air pas- sages.. But the tar from tobacco paralyzes these structures and makes its way to the lungs. As the tar residues continue to build up in the air pas- sages over several years, they begin to change the surface cells of the passages. The cells begin to increase in number. Within a few years lung cancer often appears._ From the lungs, cancer cells enter the blood and lymphatic vessels and spread to all sections of the body. By the t'.e a di- agnosis finally confirms the presence of lung cancer, the disease has usu- ally spread beyond control. That's why, even today with all the spectacular advances in medical science, lung cancer still proves 95 percent fatal. Warning: The Sur eon General Has Dete=ined That CiQarette Smokin is Dangerous to Your Health, Robert Haddock, Editor, Southern Publishiag Association, Nashville, Tennessee, 1973, pp. 13, 14 I i I d OC 10/80 ~ ~ S2tORI:4G 3.*~ S20IriAGq 4LCE3 :4-333 ~ ~ Why do doctors forbid their storsach-ulcer patients to smoke? No one caa state with certainty the exact cause of ulceration in the stomach or duoden- um. All we can say is that there are many contributing factors. Apparently somethiag happens to the 1Sning of a sma.Il area of the stomach that dis- rupts its protective mecha+j = and allows it to be digested by its own ) uice. This conditlon may velS have to do with a spasm or stoppage in a tiny artery supplying that area with blood. rhatever the cause, here is an area that is unprotected from the irritating ef;e=t.of tobacco tar. The whole effort be- hind the treatment of stommach ulcer is to cut down on the secretion of stom- ach digestive juice and neutralize the hydrochloric acid normally present. Nicotine circulating in the blood stream can cause spasm or nar.owing of tiny arteries. This reaction is the opposite to wizat is being attempted by the doctor. When he is tiYing to treat a person with stomach ulcer, he has every reason to forbid the use of tobacco. The body undergoes changes to ccmaen- sate for its use, and.when the drug is no longer taken, there is great men- tal aas_4ety and tension during the withdrawal period. The ulcer patient who hopes for ultimate permanent rare must give up tobacco. Home and Health, Cape Town, South Africa, Sentinel Publishing Asan. I ~ I Qndated, pp. 13, 14 -196-

I I I i i ~ ~ L 9/80 June 1, 1980, p. 4 LCW-TAR CIGaRETTES **.AY 9E u.ORE HAR.'l= K-364 Cigarette smokers may think they are doing theaselves a favor by svitching to low-tar brands, but a Canadian study shows other harmful agents in the smoke cay-actual].y be higher in some law-tar brands than in high-tar cigar- ettes. A Ritchener laboratory that has the federal governaent testing con- tract, Labstat, Inc., has produced an evaluation-of 102 Canadian cigarette brands based not only on tar and nicotine content, but also on 4 other poten- tially toxic elements in the smoke. In addition to those 3 elements, the Labstat study tested for hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes, and acrolein. Biologi- cal tests have linked these substances to respiratory and heart diseases, Dr. Rickert said. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been shown to-increase the risk of angina and heart attack and to contribute to a condition known as intermit- tent claudication which produces pain and weakness with movement. Hydrogen cyanide (ECN) has been shown to inhibit some respiratory enzymes and i_pede the function of cilia, tiny hairs which clean out the lungs and respiratory tract. That means tar and nicotine may be allowed to collect in the lungs for a longer period, perhaps enhancing their hazards, Dr. Rickert said. A list of "low hazard" and "high hazard" cigarette brands was compiled. 15 brands were ranked as "low hazard" and 9 brands were listed as "high." The Journal, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 9/80 ASd ?{EPQESZNTS NONS:~AMS ON RESTAIIBA.'~iT ISSUES :4-BS8 An increasing number of restaurants are making accommodations for nonsmoking patrons, either voluatarily or because of existing or threatened legislation. Food Service Marketing, the magazine of the restaurant business, reviewed this trend in the cover story of its March, 1980, issue; it relied principal- ly on lISFi (Action on Smoking aad Health) to present the nonsmokers' point of view. The following is an excerpt from the article: The number of nonsmokers (70x of U.S. adult women and 602 of adult men) is growing, along with their militancy. These statistics alone are enough to justify laws to protect the rights of nonsmokers, according to groups behind current no-smoking legislation. One such group, ASIA, headed by John Banzhaf, has been responsible for much of the effort to ban radio and television cig- arette commercials, provide separate no-smoking areas on all major airlines, trains and buses, plus win more than $200 million in free broadcast time for anti-smoking messages. One of their current goals is the protection of non- smokers in restaurants and all public places of assembly. "What we would like to see is a situation where people have a choice," said 3anzhaf. "A smoking and a no-smoking section should be available at all times...People are becom- ing-more accustomed to no-smoking areas on the airlines, and the same thing will happen with restaurants." ASH Newsletter, action on Smoking and Health, Washington, D. C., :Sarct~-April 1980, p. 5 -197-

I I , ..:~:~ 8/a0 AIRLLYE 'DUEL' UNDERSCORES CONTZYIIZNG NO-SMOKZ:iG BATTLE CARD # 1 M-B58 A verbal duel that erupted between smokers and nonsmokers aboard an Gastern Airlines shuttle flight was only a dramatic etample of the non-smoking bat- tles smoldering every day across the United States. So says the National Ynteragency Council on Smoking and Health in New York. Sharp words bet•aeen smokers and nonsmokers aboard Eastern flight 1410 December 5,1979, caused the pilot to abort a flight from Washington and land in Baltimore instead of New York because of the "insurrection." But similar outbursts occur daily in lobbies, offices, restaurants and elevators, says Louis Cenci, director of the interagency council. Al- though they are not as theatrical or well publicized as the airline in- cident, cident, these battles go a long way toward shaping public compliance with no-smoking laws, Mr. Cenci says. The airline incident "heightens the awareness of a very definite nuisance problem," he adds. In the effort to clear the air for those who wish to work, eat, or -travel free from a smoky environment, observers are noting these milestones: Christian Science Monitor, Boston,Mass., December 7, 1979 I I I d I i 8/80 AIHLLlE ' DUEL' UNDERSCORES CONTLI;ULYG NO-S:SORIlYG BATTLE CARD ~2 M-B58 In the past few years more and more restaurants, from big chains to "mom and pop" family-run eateries, have provided nonsmoking areas. Preliminax-y findings of a survey by the interagency council of 3,000 Amer- ican busir~ess firms, including some of the nation's largest, show they are increasingly providing "smoking lounges" so that there will be a smoke- free atmosphere in working areas. . Passenger airlines have gone a long way toward accommodating nonsmokers. However, the couacil and other antismoking organizations have asked for some Mnd of "buffer zone" to be installed between smokers and nonsmokers. Spokesmen for the airlines, meanwhile, say the eahaust system is so good on most jets that smoke doesn't waft very much away from the smoker. Last year, the U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) banned the smoking of cigars and pipes from the nation's air passenger fleets. antismoking groups have petitioned the CAB to ban cigarettes as well, but airline executives say there is little chance that the CAB will act on that matter in the near fucure........ Christian Science Monitor, Boston, u.ass., December 7, 1979 -198- I O ON .Oik 1 ~ ---- -..........,r,,,~ ~

I I I I ,...~•~ 9/80 rL"^JR.E OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY IS THRFIIT'=Nr.""J~ ;f-a27 A confidential poll taken every two years since 1968 has confir.aed the tobacco industry's worst fears about anti-smoking campaigns. The latest survey, by the Roper_Organization for the industry's Tobacco Institute, says the findings are "mostly foreboding as regards the ver7 future of the tobacco industry." The most signif icant new trend is an ever-increasing percentage of people who believe cigarette smoke is harm.iul to smokers and nonsmokers alike. "Nearly six out of ten believe_that smoking is hazardous to the nonsmok- er's health, up sharply over the last four years. More than tvo-chirds of nonsmokers believe it, and nearly half of all smokers believe it." Smoke Signals, Washington D.C., January 1980, p.t i I - - go 1;0- W. 0 C"M 9/80 0SIIRA,vCE STUDY SAYS CIG.1RETiES CUT LIFr SPAN M-B34 A new mortality study of life iitsurance customers-the first of its kind- has confirmed the death rate of cigarette smokers Is "significantly higher" than that for non-smokers. The report supports a move toward industry-wide recfl griition of this in the marketing of policies. The differences "are too large to be ignored," contended statistical experts for the State Mutual Life Assurance Co. of America. The firm pioneered discount rates for non-scokers after the U.S. surgeon general's original report on smoking and health in 1964. The follow-up study by State Mutual of some 100,000 insurance policy- holders since then found that death rates among smokers of all ages were more than twice as great as those of non-smokers and, for certain causes such as respirator7 cancer, ran as much as 15 times higher. The company also found that smoking habits could be as important in predicting a person's chances of dying prematurely as are commonly recogaized differences between the sex- es. A healthy woman of 32 is expected to live to the age of 79.2 years-5 years longer than the life expectancy of a man of 32. However, a healthy, non-smoking 32-year-old man can expect to live to 78.9 years of age, while the 11fe expectancy of the man of 32 who smokes is 71.6 years- a difference of 7.3 years. -199- 'Phe Washing-ton Star, Washington, D. C., October 22, 1979