Lorillard
the Health Consequences of Smoking 750000
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- Cooper, T.
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- Named Person
- Yeager
- Adams, E.E.
- Althafer, C.A.
- Anderson, W.H.
- Aronow
- Asnes, D.P.
- Astrup
- Auerbach, O.
- Bender, W.
- Bengtsson
- Berry
- Bewley
- Bock, F.G.
- Boren, H.G.
- Bridge, D.P.
- Burns, D.M.
- Cameron
- Cano
- Cantrell
- Carvalho
- Cole
- Colley
- Corn
- Dalhamn, T.
- Davey, W.N.
- Davies
- Densen
- Dirksen
- Donhardt
- Dorn
- Effenberger, E.
- Egle
- Ekblom
- Falk, H.L.
- Ferris, B.J.
- Fodor, G.G.
- Freidman
- Friberg
- Fridy
- Fuller, J.M.
- Goldsmith, J.R.
- Gori, G.B.
- Gregory
- Grollknapp, E.
- Gyntelberg
- Hammond
- Harke, H.
- Harke, H.P.
- Harlap
- Harmsen, H.
- Harris
- Helmers
- Heyden
- Higgins, Itt
- Hill
- Hoegg
- Hoeppner
- Hoffmann, D.
- Holbrook, J.H.
- Holman, P.B.
- Holt
- Horn, D.
- Hrubec
- Hudgins
- Huot
- Isbell
- Jennings, M.
- Johansson
- Johnson
- Johnston, N.M.
- Kahn
- Keast
- Kellermann
- Keller, A.Z.
- Kesteloot
- Keuppers
- Kjeldsen
- Klatsky
- Krumholz, R.A.
- Lager, S.
- Leibler, S.N.
- Lenfant, Cjm
- Levine
- Lim
- Lin
- Luquette
- Macmahon, B.
- Manning, K.M.
- Martin
- Mcfarland, R.A.
- Mcmillan, G.C.
- Meyer
- Millar
- Mittman
- Nettesheim, P.
- Newcastle
- Niewoehner
- Nomura
- Ostfeld
- Oxhoj
- Paffenbarger, R.S., J.R.
- Parving
- Peters
- Petty, T.L.
- Rall, D.P.
- Rauscher, F.J.
- Raven
- Ray, A.M.
- Renzetti, A.D.
- Reynertson
- Ringler, R.L.
- Rockwell, T.H.
- Rogers
- Ronge
- Roszman
- Ruff
- Russell
- Saccomanno
- Saffiotti, U.
- Sagone
- Schmauz
- Schmeltz, I.
- Schneiderman, P.
- Schottenfeld
- Schreiber
- Schulte, J.H.
- Schuman, L.M.
- Seiff, H.E.
- Selikoff
- Seltzer
- Shabad
- Shimkin, M.B.
- Shopland, D.R.
- Sidor
- Srch, M.
- Stanescu
- Stebbings
- Stewart
- Surgeon General
- Theodore
- Thomsen
- Torbati
- Tzagournis
- Vanhoute
- Vedin
- Warr
- Webb
- Williams, H.S.
- Winneke, G.
- Wright
- Wynder, E.
- Adams, E.E.
- Recipient
- Stevens, A.J.
- Document File
- 03763512/03766002/S H Re 1979 Surgeon General S Report.
- Date Loaded
- 07 Jan 1999
- Named Organization
- Bureau of Training
- Ca State Dept Health
- Center for Disease Control
- Epa, Environmental Protection Agency
- Forschunginstitut Der Cigarettenind
- Hadassah Hospital
- Harvard Univ
- Hri, Health Research Inst, Roswell Park
- Kaiser Permanente
- Kettering Medical Center
- Lavina Hospital
- Natl Clearinghouse for Smoking + He
- Natl Heart + Lung Inst
- Natl Inst of Environmental Health S
- Natl Library of Medicine
- NCI, Natl Cancer Inst
- NIH, Natl Inst of Health
- Oak Ridge Natl Lab
- Oh Dept of Health
- Orchard Park Lab
- Public Health Service
- Sgc, Surgeon General's (Advisory) Comm
- Technical Information Center
- Univ of Ca
- Univ of Co Medical Center
- Univ of Louisville
- Univ of Mi
- Univ of Mn
- Univ of South Fl
- Univ of Ut Medical Center
- US Dept of Transportation
- Veterans Administration Hospital
- Veterans Administration Central Off
- Advisory Comm to Surgeon General
- Ahf, American Health Foundation
- Boston City Hospital
- Ca State Dept Health
- Litigation
- Ppla/Produced
- Author (Organization)
- Center for Disease Control
- Hew, Dept of Health Education and Welfare
- Public Health Service
- Hew, Dept of Health Education and Welfare
- Characteristic
- MARG, MARGINALIA
- PARE, PARENT
- Master ID
- 03763512/4102
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- 03763517 Statement by Bill Dwyer, Vice President of the Tobacco Institute, at A News Conference on Smoking & Health, Washington, Dc, Wednesday, 790110
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- Site
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- UCSF Legacy ID
- gau99d00
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Consequences
SMuiNj
G
OI
1975"
U.S. DEPAtZ`L"MIE+NT OF HEALTH. EDtiICATIONAND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERUICE
O
The
Health Consequences
of SMOKING
1975
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EIDUCA'1'ION AND WELFf4RE'
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Center for Disease Control
Atlanta, Georgia130333
July 23; 1975
Honorable Carl Albert
Speaker of the House of Representatives
Washington, D! C'. 20515
Dear Mr. Speaker:
As required by Section 8(a) of the Publie Health Cigarette Smoking;Act of 1969,
enclosed is the 1'97$ report, on the health consequences of smol:ing: The recent
scientific information reviewedi in the report reaffirms the previous evidence that
cigarette smoking is a serious public health problem. It is a major contributor to
the development of cardiovascular disease, various types of cancer, and
respiratory disease. Dts tolli in illness and premature death is needless and
preventable: The: recent literature: further refines our understanding, of the
mechanisms by which smoking influences these disease states.
Under this Act, I am also required to submit to you such recommendations for
legislation as Ii deem appropriate. This Department has previously taken, a,
posi'tion in support of 1'egislation~ which would' authorize the regulation of
cigarettes through the power to ban the manufacture and sale of cigarettes
exceeding what are considered excessively hazardous levels of tar, nicotine,
carbon monoxide, and' other ingredients shown to be injurious to health. Thee
extent to which the cigarette smoking public has over the years spontaneously
moved towards this kind of self protection suggests that it would welcome the
additional protection such~ legislation, would' bring, This Department, therefore,
recommends to the Congress that it consider, legislation providing, this
Departmenti or some other appropriate agency with the authority to set
maximum pernussible:level's of hazardous ingredients in cigarettes.
Sincerely,
Caspar W. Weinberger
Secretary
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents;, U.S, Government Printing
Office; Washington, D.C. 20402'-
PREFACE
Each year the Public Health Service reviews the scientific data
related to the health consequences of smoking, and submits its review
to the Congress. This report, the ninth in the series; summarizes
recent research in four major areas: cardiovascular disease, cancer,
respiratory disease, and': the, effects of smoking on, the nonsmoker
who shares the environment of those who smoke..
As has been the case with each of the previous reports in the
series, the research summarized herein further confirms the relation-
ships between cigarette smoking and! disease and premature deatlh
and refines our understanding, ofthe: mechanisms underlying these
relationships.
Clgarette smoking remains the: largest single unnecessary and
preventable: cause of illness and early deaM In the eleven years since
thereportoftlh~eAdvisoryCommittee: to the Surgeon General in1964, there has been progress toward
reducing, this toll. IvTillions of
Americans have stopped srnoking, cigarettes, and rnillions more have
not takeni up smoking, Even for those who cont'2nue : to smoke, there
has been a striking reduction ini the "tar"' and nicotine content off
cigarettes used by the vast majority. At the same: time,, however,
counter-balancing these gains, there has been an. increase in cigarette
smoking, by women and young,people, especially teen-age girls.
Toel'iminate theneedllessdeathand disability attributabl'e tio
cigarette smoking, the Public Health Service remains committed'
today, as in, the past,, to increasing the knowledge about the health
consequences of smoking and to educating the American people: a5 to
the nature and extent of tlhe hazards of'smoking; This is ai task, not
for governmentl al'one; but for the great institutions of society as a
whole - the family; the: schools, the health care system. Throughi
concertied effort,, a cl'imat'eof respect for our own health and that of
others can be createdi. Such a climate must certlainly be conducive to
reducing and eventually eliminating the needless burden of disease
and premature death imposed by cigarette smoking.
~
eodore Coopef, 14'r. D..
Assistant Secretary for H'ealtli
June 1I975
'
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pk$e
Preface ................................................. . . . . . iii
Table of Contents . ......................................... v
Preparation of the Report and Acknowledgments ................ vii
INTRODUCTION:
CHAPTER 1. Overview - The Heal& Consequences of
Smoking ......................
Cardiovascular Diseases .....................
I
9
CHAPTER' Z. Cancer ................................ 39,
CHAPTER 3. Non-Neoplastic Bronchopulmonary Diseases ...... 57
CHAIP'TER 4. Involuntary Smoking, ...................... 83
Index 1975 .......
..11i3
Index (Cumulative 1964-1975) .............................. 118
03763726
PREPARATION OF THE REPORT
AND~ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Previous Reports
Reviews of the scientific evidence linking smoking; to health
effects began in 1964 with Smoking and Health, Report of the.
Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public H'ealth
Service or as subsequently referred to "the Surgeon General's
Report." After this report, Public Law 89-92 was passed requiring,
supplemental reports to Congress on tli2s subject. Zn compliance,
three reports were submitted:
1. The Health Consequences of Smoking; AI Public Health
Service R'e vie tiu: 1967.
2. The Health Consequences of Smoking, 1968 Supplement
to~ the~~ 1~967 P'HS~~ Review,
3. The Health Conseduences of Smoking, 1969 Supplement
to the 19b7 PHS Review:
In April 1970, Public Law 91-222 amended the previous 1'aw
and called for an updated report on the health effects of smoking no
l'aterthan January 1, 1971, with annual reports thereafter. The
Health Consequences of Smoking, A Report of the Surgeon General:
1971, a comprehensive review of all the scientificl'iterature available
to the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Healthi and with
emphasis on the mostl recent additions~ to the literature;wasthat
u.pdatedl report.. Since then, the: following annual reports on the
health consequences of smoking have been submitted:
1. The~~ Health~ Consequences~ of Smoking, A R~eport~ of the~
Surgeon General, 1972~:
2. The Healtli Consequences of 'Srnolzing, 1973.
3:. The Health Consequences of Smoking, 19~7#~.
Each report since the originali "Surgeoni General's Report" has
reviewed the scientific literature relevant to the association betvreenn
vii
smoking and cardiovascular diseases; non-neoplastic broncho-
pulmonary diseases, and cancer. Smoking as related to the following
diseases and' conditons has been reviewed periodically in the reports:
Pregnancy (1967~, 1969~,,1.9~71~,~ 1972~~ 19'73~~)'~
P'eptic~Ulcer~Dise~ase (19~~67, 1~97'1 1972, ~~1973)'
Noncancerouws Omal Disease (1969)
Tobacco Amblyopia, (1197 1')
Allergy (1972).
Publlie! Exposure~ to Air~ Pollutioni From ~ Tobaceo, Snnoke,
(1972):
'
Harmful Constituents of Cigarette Smoke (1972)
Pipe and' Cigar Smoking (197 3).
Exercise Tolerance (1973)
The 1975, Report
The present document, The Health Consequercces of Smoking,
1975, begins with an, overview of the health consequences of
smoking and contains, the current data on, relationships between
smoking; and' cardiovascular diseases,, non-neoplastic broncho-
pul'monary diseases, and' cancer. A fourth chapter, "Involuntary
Snzoking;°" reviews the effects to: nonsmokers of exposure to
sntoke-filled environments. Although emphasis is on the latest
additions to the literature, where necessary to provide the back-
ground or, frameworkresearch from earlier years is included.
This report was prepared by the staff of the National
Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health in the following way:
1. The Technical~ Information Cente~~r, of, the: C1'earinghouse~
cont2nuall'y~ monitors~ and collects~ the~ sci~entific~ 1i'terature~~ on
the health consequences of smoking; through severaL estab~-
l'ished mechanisms:
a. An information science corporation is on contract' to
extract articles on smoking and health from the scientific
literatureoft'heworlde
b. The National' Library of Medicine, through the MEDLARS
systemy provides a monthly listing of articles on smoking
and health. Articles not provided by the information
science corporation are ordered.,
--.. -=~
0
c. Stlaff members review current medical literature and
identify pertinent art'icl'es.,
2. The literature was reviewed' by the Medical Staff Director
who wrote first d'rafts for this report. These draft's were sent
to reviewers for criticism and comment regarding the format,
the appropriateness of the articles selected for discussion,, andi
the conclusions. The final dtafts of the total report were
reviewed by the Director of the National Clearinghouse for
Smoking and Health,, tihe Director of the National Cancer
Institute, the Director of the National Institut'e! of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, the Director of the National Heart
and Lung Institute, and by additional experts both inside and
outside the Public Health Seruice:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The National Clearinghouse for Smoking; and Health, Daniel
Horn, Ph.D., Director,, and Charles A. Althafer, Acting Director, are
responsible: for the preparationi of this report. Medical Staff Director
for thereportl was David M. Burns~,, NT.D: Consulting, editors were.
Elvin E. Adams,, Pk1.D.,, Daniel P. Asnes,, M.D., John lI. Hiolbrook,
IVT.D:,, Paul Schneiderman, 1'Vf.D.,, and H. Stephen Williams, M.D.
~ Technical Editor wasPriscillai B'. Holinan and Technical Inforrnation
Officer responsible for the literature collection was Donaldl R.
Shopland.
The professional staff has had' the assistance and advice of' the
following experts in the scientific and technical fields whose
contributions are gratefully acknowledged.
0
Reviewers
c
ANDERSON, William H.,, M.D! - Chief, Section of Respiratory andi Environmental
Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.
AUERBACH, Oscar M:D. - Senior Medical investigator, Veterans Administration Hospital,
East Orange, N':.Ii
BOCK, Fred G.,, Ph.D. - Director, Orchard Park Laboratories, Roswell' Park Memorial
Gnstitute, Orchard Park, N.Y.
91 l
n r BOREN, Hollis G., M.D. - Assistant Direetor of the Medical Center and Associate Dean of
' the College of7Wledicine, University of South, FloridaTampa; Fla.
ix.
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_,...
