Tobacco Documents Online

(Not'prrnQed adGvaernment'expense)' onGreasionai iuxor~ ilJllited States of 'America' PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES' OF' TIdEI 92,'d CON'GRESS;, SECOND SESSI',ON' • BPEECH~BY~REPRESENTATIVE', . DAVID.. E! $ATI'ERF'IPsLD~ ILI~ , . . W EION. W: C. (DAN') DANIEL o~, vnucnrrs.. . ~ IN THE HOII9EOF REPRESENTATIVES - Wednesday, Oetober18; 1972 ~ Mr'. DANIEL of ~Virginia: Mr. Speaker,., recently 'the~Honorable~.DAVm Fi. SaTTER-~ >lrIaLD II7, who so ably~ represents Vii•'-~ ginia'S Third, Districtt inn this body;: ad-~ dressed~the',Corporation Center for..Sci-~ Sci- entific Research Relativee to~. Tobacco-~ Identifled, for ~~ fairly obvlous; reasons as; CORESTA/TCRA-at a~. Joint'~ confere'nce'e held in Williamstiurg; Va. ~ ~ This was~ a fitting location for suchh a~ meeting, since'.the Vii'gillia~Colony intro-~ dilced', tobacco to, Europe, and an apt e:holce: of' speaker, since Representative SeTTERF1Ein', shares: with other. Memberss who represent tobacco-growing':and~g proc-~ essing~,districts'a~grave.concern.for the' abuse-possibly' ]mdeserved-whichh has's consistently' been heaped on this's impor-~ tantilld{lstry;, - - - Instead' of; concentrating~ his~ remarlds~~ on ttie'economlc impactof this~agricul- tilral commodity, which 4s '. sizable, Can- gZe55man i.4ATTERFIELn idJ.4cll59ed at length the growing'body of:opinion which is~ be- ginning to have second thouglits'~s about~ the medical.impact of'.cigarette'f smoking. Mi'. S;tTZaRrlEl:b strikes's to the heart'.of the problem~ and throws'out a~ challenge to hiss audien¢e~e early, in his; statement when he:says~: The truth of'f the ~ matter ~i6U that't the ~. polit-~ 1ca1 controversy exists ~~ because there ~.are vast gape~ la . our~r knowledge ~. about't smokmg~ and i health~and that the~~exiatence~.oL:these~, gaps has~:been.denled~s for~too'r long~by those who~o have~ a~nonsclenti8c~stake~~.ln attacking~..to:-~ bacco: Makemo m1.9take.about.it', well.mten-~ ttonedd forcea; are- at work~ throughout t2ie~~ world~d to lmpose azullty~verdict.upon smak- ing-Wlthout'due~procese of aclence:. Since Mr. StTTExelELa's statement and the ~. tes'.timonyy byy experts's at'~ the ~~. time~e of hearings~s onn the'e conques':t't of'f cancerr bill havee not received ass w'idee distribution' as~ havee thee claims'~s of' other experts~ who eeem~ bent on. Outlawing~.cigarettes, I in« clude his entirestatement~.in~the RECOwn att this'~s point, so that ~ M'embers~~s off the. Congre'ss~~ may~ benefit fromm this~s other side off the story:: $PEECH'. BTR~S9CMATr- DAVia E. 8drrmrre[.e III am pleased to,Joln with Dr. Hahn and Isr'. &Iedmansegg In,welcoming~.you to this Joint: Conference of CORESTA and. TCRC. 494+403-31439 . ' It Isgood to.haveo yau here:lir..Wffilamsburg where.the', earlyroota of'our Nation took hold., - Wiviamsburg holds.s a speetal meaning for me ae alegtslator; for lt was~here', lir..1e19; that.theHouse.of Burgesses.of'V[rglnla; our' ffrst'representatlve',legislatlVe'.body; wascon-vened. I: had'd the rare privllegee ot~ serving. m that' body; now called tYie. klrginia~ Clenerai A'ssembly, which' lathe, oldest contmuouwleglstatlve's body in the new wor7d.. It'issdgniBlcant:that this conference bringe together: representstlves's from~ mdustry~ academiaa and'government. I'.amI encouraged by'the.opp.ortunitylt.provddes~.for'enllght'- ened i communlcatlon' bet¢aeenthesen sectors of'our soclety--communlcatton,which musD be nurtured 1f'ttie great tobacco lntlustry.ot this world' Is to.fiourish.. D[.' Wakeham orlginallqsuggested' that' I~ dleauss the unlversallty of.tobacc+oand;,ot course, the complexlon of.this audleneese~rves toremind ane of'that unlversallty. I am toldi that'~ more than. 45' natlons sre represented by thee participants: Inn this's conference:. Thiss fact alone': speaks more . clearlyy than I, could i everhope taof the true unlversal lmpact of, the.tobaccalndustry'througLout theworld.. Thee languagee of tobacco is'unlversal, trade', m~UObaeca~ls universalj,the'i objective ot:eca-nozzmle', advancement in this' geaV lndustry' is'unlversal. However, theram is'.another.e1ement, in the tobacco lndustry, an unwelcome elemeat;, which 1s equally ' universal in . nature'. That Is' thethreate t.oo the entite industry. Implicit In controvarsy over thee relationshipbe~tweenp emoking' and healttr:.1'here la no questlan but't that the tobaeco lndustry' aaaw wholei Ilunder.severeattack.. Although ~that~ attack .i.spresentlyditected's agamstthe.cigarettet industry, I'.am certain that if' Stt should~ suaceedd those who have 1nstlgated' it.w4l1 find a'wayto.focus.a new attack' uponthe.remaining segments's of ttiee tobaccoo industry, The, danger ofthle, 1s'. seil-evSdent:. Thesmoking'and health question1s bbth apalltieal.and aaclentlflo controversy. Ult1+ matedy;,I am hopeful that the.brlgHt; i1gbU of scientific reaearch will dissipate thee poalt-Ical.fogl that surrounds dt: The, . truth of' the matter iss thatt the pollt-lcall controversy eaists's becausem there are vast gaps mour' knowledgee about smokingand health' and that theesistence off tbese gaps~,has been deniedlfor too long by.thoeey whoo have a non-sclenttfle stake 1n attaek- 1ngtobacco. Make nomLAtake about1ti arell-lntentionedd forcea are'at workthrough- out the.world.to impose.a guilty verdictupon amaking'-without.due procesaof:selence. A5~ a:leglslator, my' major concern' ls' t'oo prei- vent~ astampede that will condemn ~ tobac,co . on-iess;than-€onclustve evidence. Fortu- nately, I'I amnotl alone: Manyof myfellow' Representatlves ~. J,oin . me m~ this; strugglei to . prevent a non,selentiHcedictfromc forei-cdosing the . search, for eclentlbc'c truth. I am encouraged by'the.fact:thatmanyof' youu andi your'colleagues'r in thee aclentlfle'communlty'c have'.deep reservations about the nature otthe.evtdence used agalnsttobacco: II am aware'e of; thee amount' of'private: criti- clamleveled against much of: the research dealing~with the Issue.af smoking.and health.. I', oeily~wtsh.tLis' fact could somehow make 1ts~~ way into the ~generel'.msss media and i lnto public dlscusslon. But'~ the obstacles ere ~great. I'I reallse:.They. have~ to do w1th~ the: habltei and,preJpdices of'the press~ credlbility~'and'. with so-called~d news'~s values; mclud:mg: thei preferred treatment: often~ glven~ those who~o attack zather than too those who.mustdefend •uc:h~attacks. . _.. ,.. ._ . . Nevertheless;,greater obstacles than.these: heve" given way'to hoaest men arllling to e=press ~~. theirr honest ~dlssent Silenae: ln the~~e marketplace ~of' ldea-eoientlfic', -polltlcal-~ have ~. never~ been an Instrument . of'~f change. After all', the: walls.of'dericho dld~inot~come~ tumbling~down until~ the Ram's horn bLew, loud and'.flear: In 1989; th'e~Congress~of.thei IInited~States'; after lengthy testimony~~ from scientists~s on' all i sides oI' the ~. smoking and health con- traversy: went~on tecard to~.urge~the~.Govern- ment to. Identify, and~ closae the~ gap.ln'~ ourr kaawledge..I~commend all of'.you here: tod®y~ for your~ eHorts' to~d0 so; For'w9thout, soltd~ scientiflc ~ truth, developed~d througti' good ~. re-~ search~ and tested: in the.cruckble of'f open ~dis-~ cuaaloID, pollcy makers~ will never know~where ~. to~.go. And as'~.the',old talmudlc'.saying~~.puts It, "ff.you don'tknow~~where you are going, any~ road~d wm take you thiere •• . Nearly, nlne! years ago: with'.theh issuance~af: the~.eurgeon general's,report, one such roadl wes~ selected, not~knowing:what.causedt lung canaer~ or~ other major dlaelses:, a politlea-~ medlcal arm~ of government iaunch'ed I Amerlca.dOwn ttie, . antl-smoking~road!.That~g road clearly~leade~~to~the~destructton~of', the tobacco ~industryy: .. Itnagmei what~ would~ have~e happened hadd there'm been no actlve'e resistanee ~ movement' on . the po11t1cali andd scientificc franta.. The: to:-~ tiacco~~ mdustry' mlght', well! have~, vantshed. Irom.the~scenei. And. !t that had happened;, It:wouldihave been too:late to apalogiza for' tobacco's untimeily~ demLRa when~ Just this'~ yeart~the~.Natlonaal Academy.oI; Sclences pub-~ lletied a massive study ~wh 1¢h ~chargess that'~air' pollution la the~e probable: cause~~ of~f lung~ cancer. This report 1s, ~. a~model of:scientlfic't caution, carefully ~avoldmg even the semblance~: of sen-~ sati0nalistatement'~ aimed at~creating panic In the~.publle'. As aa scienti8c document„It stands Sn marked contrast'~to the~varlous sur.~ geon geneiral's reports~ os smoking and~, health. Is 1t'~ not'~ strange that thls !omclal has. Iailed~d to wage~~ war onn pmllutionn as's he has'~ upon clgarette~ emokmg, wh'Ich ~. he ~ elasslfled. aa- being~far worse: than drug: add!ctlon~or automobllee aecldenta,, or' alcoholism or atr' pollutlonl' I think It ~~ ls-ad ~. frankly I: can-~ not~ understand It. I'I would tlke: ta list a few~ major polnts'S made by~the:National Academy, of Sffemces: panelists:. They concludedd that' St 1s~. "111eeVy"' that't deaths ~ from~ lung-cancer'~ would deerease'~. It alt~~ pollution . were substantially, reduced . ln urban.areas... 'I4tey,sald that'~although~there~ ts,no "con- c1us14e~~.prooC" thatair pollution.causes.lung~, cancer'~ the xeport points nu t'~ that the d isease ~ l& twice as.comun- among city dwellers- rural resSdeints'~.and 1s~ most common ~ l-reas ~

2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD! ;~ s, ,, , 1, ,(r~ii of citles':where:generalHndustrlel polluttonis~~ documents~prepared~s by, tbe',surgeoni general. worse'. The: same~evidence was~ in.existence..f3ome~. Wh11e, theyy noted that: cl'garette~~e smoking of~. St has been~ around for years. Can the~ appears to be~~.a~majar.factor'1n the~mcwease', surgeonn general+-fndeed ca- the sclentl8'c of'lung~eancer; they.potnted:mrt:that:smok-~ communlty-aHord~to be objeatlve'.regarding~ 1ngg alone cannot~acoount for the dlferent: air.pollutlon'and~r not: be:ab)ectlve regarding~ rstes m urban and~ rural areae:. amoking?~ Cann the a01cda1'~ government atti- Th'ey'repurted.that:studles of: Immlgrants~ -tbde be:dlfferentYtom..shytock'sR~-0an ecdea-~ have shown an~ Sncldence off lung'g cancer' tlflc' truth-like~ the'e quallty' of ini ~ somewhere:between the rates'.ln their' caun-~ strained?~~ Orr must iti not~ droppeth llke'.the~e ti•y~ of origin andd those Sn the ~ country, of gentle'e ralns~ from heaven hlnpartlallyy on all destlnatlon.. The; alderr they ~ are'~, when' they those below?' . migrate, the cl'oser'~r thedr' lung' aancer rates Pertiaps,~ distance from' the'e battle may be are to'o their'home countr6es..In some ~cases„ the secret of objectivity, Iibave~, observed~thati where the:llrng cancer~~rate~waa much higher~ ~~ when~ tobacco: Se'. the'~ subject of hearings or' ini tbee country~of'' origlnl.rates' among~ mI-~ ~discuss7on, many~ emfnent~ sclentists and granta~~ have: deereased.d aigaiacantl"veni though~ thelrr cigarette~.e smoking lncr:eased,, thepanelmid~. ~ .. They.reported'that:°Sn'no: in.wance has ex-~ posure to a apecl8'c polycyclic azomatlci by- drocarbon„ rmchh as benzo(a)pyrene~, been' provedd to have eansed.canoerd In man.".. .. Benzo'~(a)pysene fe', a common~ingred'Sent'. ef ~~ polluted~ alrr and; totiaccoo smoke'~. It ~ has been.cited year~after.year'1n'surgeon gen- eral's reporte' ae'~s a~ prlmee suapect.t causingg eancer.. in smokeas: And this bas~ been done despite two'~piecee': of', evidence whlch~ er'e~fn conflict ~ w'ithh that; ~conclusion.. ~ _'- -~ ~ Flrst;, over' iSA00M times's mare benzo(a)- pyrene ~.Is released Into the ambient air by all sources of: lndustrial ipollution thanby, burn•~ ing',all the ~. clga'.rette: tobacco produced :.ln the'. IIhlted Statea'. . ~ 6econd, and'~ perhaps more• Important', . re- search search c'onducted by'the. Ameriean Cancer'~ Society baa's vlttuallyy exonerated the aub-~ stance- as'.a euspect. T1tie~ AC9~S studied ~8,000 roofing workers;.for example, who: breathe, heated'~ fumes's o4~~f tar containing-'200~. tlmes'~ more benzo(a)pyreae~ than the maximum levels ln~a lafge'. Industrial city, orthe ~equiv- alent of 706' clgarettes, a' day:,. These~ ex- posed' workera amazingly~had no greater.ln-~ cldence ~. of lung cancer ~~ than , the~ general populatlon. ~ I'applaud the National Academy of Science panellsts, even though they~ ~were'~e dealing with air pollution~ I', am happy, to ~see that ~~ their objectivity and cautlon has.a "fall out"' physicians find It:dlIDcult, to utter any,etate- ment.that'~ could: be used in defense: of~to- bacco. Yetj when ~ theyy are ~ deialing with ~ an-~ other subject, thia la no~ longer' the cme: '. For' examp,le; , during hearings: on the ~: con-' qvestlat:cancer bill m~3eptember' of.last year', a former president' of~the'.AmerScan Cancer' 6oc:lety~boldly~stated~y that:cigarettes~cause'Q lung~.cancerg i2p to thls'point, he had devoted hls.testimony~to the~.need.to.flhd''.the esuse! of eancer, the~~e problema'- mvolved~ and, the need for ~ upwards: of. e' blillen doliarss too re- search search the mystery; But: he', hadd no,doubt when It came to ~cigarettes. , ~ r• When ~ I'I challenged him to name the agent Sn~ clgarettes~ which causes~ cancer,., be' ad-~ mitted it has~ never'r been dedned, end' con-~ tended~ that the', s6atistleail assocletion ~: wae ~ etrong',evidence ~to'~his mind. ~ 7, Representatlve Pem•: Rooxas,.thechairman of:thef subcommittee; who~Qoes.not represent tobacco growere„thenalso asked'h'im to~c9ear up his previous statement. "Either ~ we: do ~ know,~ ar.wei don't know." hee aa1d. ~~ -~ To which, th'Is.distinguis'hed physlclan. and dedicated opponent of'f tobacca,repl'ed--and . I quote~ hls's exact words'.: - =~~ "2:thmk.we'.can,state now'that we~.do~.not~e know the.precise cause of malignant changes ~ within the cell:. We know'~ a~numbera of' re:-~ mote~~ cauaes established by, atatlsticsl i meth- ~ ods'.by'the'~correlatlmn between exposure to~o the cause and thee oecurrence: , . . ~ ~ . . "We. -know. a number of lhtermediate~e causes,..pas•tlcularlp 1niexperlmental cancers'~i effect, upon'n the . c4garette: controversy. But I'I one can take a human cell.lme', and expose Stt wonder„as many.of:youdo„why'such oJec:-to amonk'eyvirus and,get prafound',changees tlvity and: caution did not reveal~ ltaelf'' mn ln the:cellIpattem. ' i I ' J ,. : . .. . .. , I90~ 093~-31499~. c a-_):~~ ~,.. r rlv:. •r; .1r..,t :s1Mf f;crr: ).:f°'-r;7. -a~~ r T t, ' >.r.~s 1 rtr. , . . c',,.:,. , hl t.~:A ..5'.. . O~'( ~ atlr.-r„d ern.t ;q ~.aa' 11o~Yca S ,lur... f sd :-~ ~Irf~ :. o_ 1.D~ 3;da~~7at^} o~(fr t3 teWC! :~ .~ S ii~[c:~~. 1,1.~P°: ":...It f;: '~.:; 1, ~. - , . ~ . 'a) x(~,i: Ft:... ~.:. f' , „ f.' . . ...... ., . ~ ~ IP.~ . .1 9. . . 11 .... -,> !_rvIJ.^.:::.eA .1I:SI.~'1.~ 1 -~1........ If"r .;3e1".1]e)~~b".:L. ~ , .~.Ata . ,: T_IYn4-.:"f ..~.:1 . '>'.~1'SI : '..rlrI f'. .... . :a:1t e?rn:r'o~ r. 11 ~ ry'.c.-1 ,i ^ lf - . ..rl~ l ,. lh'!. -:F.2 te :t -_ . lar~ . t . t~,.;t~ .. .. ... .,..n' 1::Ir -:;1 L...,. . , .. °But:I~would'agree'. with~you.,-that we do not have full and precise~,knowledge of Jpstl exactly~ what, causes.thei cancer.'" . • Sometimes, thee dYstance- of'f sheer mlles': (or~, perhaps's anotherr cu1ture~~) ~ lentlb objectivity. All tbingsi Chlliese:seem'to have.great, news' value:these days:.eo lt,was.amusing~.to:read a repart'i of' the trai a~~ medical dalega- tlon visitmg~~g thla country~ from~ the: People's~ Republ lc: of .. ChShe. . To a question about:cigarettes',, the Chlnese specialist ln,lnternal~imedlcM1ne~.a~doctor lisu Chia-Yu., who~is a:spoke man.for ~t1iee deSega- tidn-and a~smoker hm>_self:-replled:. I', quote from the~ news article which reported~, the~. Incttlent: "Well, I~I ycnow~smoking~w will: doo no ~oad'd for' me, but not muchh harm:. I: consider," said. Bsu, "of'course', to:patlenfs I may,advlse. hlm, "Don't ~~ smoke, , at least~ not. smoke too~o much!'. But anyway,, Ii d'on't'~ think. itt does'~ much ~~harm to~ you 1f', you're ~healthy." The fact ~~of this conference:and~'thls'e meet-~ ing: today, wSth ~the ~representatlces from~ our' umversStles„ lndustryy and gosernment'~ 15 a liopeft:l s'iga. It ~ mdlcates that't we can join together to dlseuss'~. common, technical prob-~ lems~ sndi.hopefully,.to~ find answers's to: the questlons clouding our~fut~e: @uestlo-that anly ~ tbe~ scientlfie: communlty ~ can . resol vee Questions whlch ~1t must resolve. ~~ And.so dn,this' cllmate-removed from the battle so too speak-I', offeu' a challenge. Why: don't~ you~ '~ an ofHclal liody-take the' necessary, steps to'. complei all ~ the ~ data , that ~ does nott support the: aotl.smoking posl-~ tlon and translate 1t:lnto lnformatlon w'hlch your representatlves'can use~ln,tbeir leglsla-~ tive: bodies. As'.. Professer, Stafford Beer told,a.group~of' Congressmen some~time'e ago; "We can~ gem-~ euate~ data~ Indefinitely; wei can eixchange data , forever;~,we~can store~data, retrleve;,and file, them away;,but we have'.to~e ask.why:,The~k purpose ~ is's regulation . and that meana ~ trans:- latlhg data.lnto dn'focmatlon. Ihformatlon 1ss what changess us••. .. .' .. .' . - So far the. Snformatlan~ on. smokingg has's been one-slded...It: Is'~now' time.to aedresa the ~. balance:by.cnmpiling and actlvatlhg the ~data ~. which.wlll present the others4de', of.the~.quea', ~ tion: You,bave neard.my challeage-I~.hope' you. wtll respond. .. . ..r. : 1~( V I