Tobacco Documents Online

an~rcsMoju eco r, .. ., PROCEEDINGS ANDI DEBATES OP THE 93" CONGRESS, SEICOND' SESSIONI koG:, 1~~2'~Q~ W'16'SNIIII4tG'I"ON',~TI$IURSD.aY~,~.D:ECEMiBER'~ 19~,, 1Q~7'4~ No. 1~~7'9~-Fa'r't'~ I'i al:,...,. . , .. ., .. 11 c.r~b- ,.~. . ..r_...zW y.f: ;:t ... .. ..., .. . . C v., TOBAICCO! Noww let'I me ~ deal I aV1t11, theirr premise ttnl oj' the Amertcan ~ Xedica] ~. A,socYdtton'. M1'. HUDDI.E4TON. Mr Presfdent, the~ for ~ holding~ Congress'. 1nl contempt: and~l both of', whlchh were~e pubuclzed~ 1tt.. a~ news Ilecember' 1'7 edition of'the Rscoan in- for demanding that the tobacco support: releaac lesuea by your' organlr.tfmn last e111dedan.insertlonby,~thedlstinguished~I Program.m be'~scrapped. This:.PremLse'ls, `reet+nave~thelefteotof,mlunfaaming~.readers~~r of' catuse.0 their atrong'g bClief that'I to-~. artd debsaing J'AMA'aprofesstonal standard'a., 6enatarr from Utah tNlr: Moss) af~ an baaca'~ smoking ~ 1s's responsible for '.in- It ~ ls' inconceivable that: a's nespected med~- artlcle~and editarial~from.the~~.Journal oL', ~ 1ca1 ]owrnel' could'. put~t into prmt such~ a~a the American Medical A.9saCiation. This's creased,death and disabllityy among our~ package~of',falsehoods,~half'-trutha~.anet gross matertall was'~. Presented~ ae', lustiflcatlcn. eittzens." To do so, I~need~~not'Istn3y,~out= lnaccuracies,..I'. refer' to: an artlclee enatledd for the 8enator'a continuing and unsuc- aide of' my area of' competence', as they "aavernmentsubsidlzed Death and Dlsabll- ceasfUl effort~ to~o eliminate the tobac'co~ ~ve~. Rather I need only'referto~their' Ity`" by'a~membierlofJA~HA'aedltorlallboardl support~.program and~~all'that it means: PreviousPublications~~.in.JAMA.. .. Dr. Reldon~J'. walxerI and tbe~accompany-~ r instance~in.the December 16 isslle~ lag editorial endorsement by.the.editor', Dr. W~~ the'.millians~ of'. Amerlcanss who grow, Fb r~. ~ manufacture, and i consume tobacco and both~ doctors attributee the sharp decline ~ Itobert H. aloser, entnled' '°rhe Nelw'sedUc-. the favorable~lmpact.ithea on this Na-~ in the~ deathh rate from ooranary~heart 'I' taoah^jm~ ]o,trnallsttc offense cannot'~ be due! tlon's'..balanceof'.trade:. ~ ~ . . diseffiSe:to'.a reductlon.in.smoking; Dr. ao1lly~.ta,lfctotexpertlse~on.the~part:of~the The: editorial.bdard of theJournal~of Walkersays~that- -~ vrrStera,l although inexperience no~ doubt tHa~ American. ATedical. Association' and ~ This draenatlc~break'through!a!galnstcoro-~ played a partt in that'~ the~e ph'.yadclans' were the:PUbllt:ation's editor wh0~ haYe'.7olned aary dlseaas~apparently~resulted chie'8y'from here dealing with!matters!tieyondltheir~dls_ ' a:modest ~reductlon In ~ tobacco ~coIDSUmptlon., ctpllneat together~in.the', IDecember~1'g'. issue in an There~,la, however, no~o explanatlon~for thee attack on the~ competence and credibility ~ Dr. Moser agrees, and..adds that "imr d'egree tao wn'ICh~ the author and the editor of~Congress~~ In dealing~with the health. Proved~ dietary~habits" can alsa~.be'cor-~ misled'.the.subacriberad and,' because~.or tae'e needs' of the American people. One' related with this decline. . news release, the: general pubuc', atimur oer,~ Pleads' guilty to~.'bontempt of'.Congrea9" ~' But in the~~. March 1974 lssoe of'JAb1A'~., tAln medical and health~ phenomena:a aro~ tdld by. JAY'AA that~ a deculne ~ In and f~le~ ofher'warns' legislS.tors~s to~.liead Dr.. Mospr, commenting edltorially on We~w hls~ eolleague's~~ "stern.challenge:" an,artIlcle by~Dr.,Walker'dealing..with U.S. heart dlseaae~deaih racs begm~wlth. It~la~an.article~entitled "Government- the decline~ln.. heart'.disease~.rates, is not~ Cessation ot~ smoking after w'hat~~ la~ ceued Subsidized I Death and' Disability," writ- sa sure about its reality or its causes. ' sory crrnitiede toiheRS><eon/cencrAa~oto ten~.by,~ Weldon Ji, Walker, 1Wf:n., off the Here 1s~ llow' he expressed his' reser- SmokYng~and~.Heattrt• We~.are glven as sources editorl8l.board'o1' J1kBiSA~. The'.author'1s~: VatiOns: for~~theheart~ disease ratea an~arttcle:ln the Outraged that~Congress'~.i8 usirlg "olir tax Qf''~ course, ise all would~~ like: to~o believe ~March 4; 1974, JAMA, also by Dr. Walk'er, and money' in' many ways~ t'oo sIIbsidiZe~ in- that the Improvedl mortality~~ atatlsttcs: aue for'the'.amok'lug~data~statiattcai~Buttntin No. creased death..and disabillty~among~.our not some~n subtle artifabt, of, numbe'ree and 32s: Annual Report.on. Tobacco: 61atUttcs Citigensaswell..esLliaseOf'tHeTest'~Oftlle really reflect lncreasing~g puHl4cc awareneat. 1 973, ppublished last~ Aprillby' tkie 9.8: De. wat-ld."'This'~rhetorlC:ls~su about:coronary.rlskk~.factors:.Howe~ver, the're partment~of~,Agrlculture. The~.Blarctilnrtfcle pported~ by an. 18 no~o apparent' evidence ~ that western manm gave.an incomp4ete ~.cltatlon of'. "V1ta1 8tatis. dlt i ' "` " e or al . entttled The New~ Seduction, in which Robert H. BSoser', MD:,,editorr of', JAMA, endorses the'demand forl "an end~ to. Federali aubsitly, loans's and tax breaks forr industries that:t support:cigar- ette' productlon:" ~ It.ls ironlc that these two medical men question the competence~of: Congress, yetl doo not hesitate'to~.pont.iflcate on: matters~ of ~taxatlonl,advertising, regulation, and' legislation. Lett me say~ that in con]uring~g up an. image ~~ of aa vast flow' of: tax dollars sub- b 1s moving ~ toward . a~a moree spartan, life etyle~ ()uness ~~ it 18'.S the' occasional'. chapp who ruae out~ of~.gae on ttie~ highway);.there are no tndlcatorsl to suggest a~decreaee 1n.ctgerette smolting: or' a decline~ Inn ealorlc or saturated fat ~,Intake. Certainly, there la' noO immedbttee ev4dence~e thaV the~~ ]bgging. (orr oth'er'~ delny. "routlne~e esercieef') populatfon4ela espanding~ The~e cot[ee~e drinkers~ remain Ina suspended anllnatlon: ~~ One Is ~lnclined to~o suspect that, If~~..lndeedf the statistics are valld'd thery~could,represent~ earl ler detection . and better ~ management ~. oP~ acute.myooardtal Infarctlon... . . . . .. . ~ sidizing tobacco, the two doctors are deal. What they att'ributed' to good imedlcal ing in a'deiusion which stems from~ either practice'~e in . March, is transformed into'. Ignorance of'~the~facts~:or an, lmwilling- an attachIon Congress, and~tobacco, in' ness to accept, them. December. , Surely ~ they ~ collldI have'~e determined.- Mr. President, when Senator H2oss'' and should have determined-these facts insertionn appeared and I read the ~mate:- before contrSbuting~to the~unceasing: and riall by Drs. Walker and Moser, I', was~ unthinking chorus'.s of congresslonall de- pleescd.to.learn,that the Tobacco:Insti:- trsctors',. A11 that would i have: beenn re- tute'.had,already~ responded.with a letter quired was~reference'.to~the Department to Dr. rector of' James the'~ H. American $ammons, Medical executive dY- Aisso:-~~ of Agrtculture'ss totYacaoo situationn report ciatlonl, ~ ~ of' September 1974. This document'.would I as'k~ unanimous~consent that~the eon-~ have exercised thelrr de111sion: ~ It~ reveals. sidered~ and detailed reply~ to the JAMA ~ t'he~e following:': material' prepared' by. Horace R. Ko1ne-~ Iln. Gsoallyear.19f74'~. new loans by~the~g,ovw gay~.Pl.esddent'. oflthe~ Tobacco Institute.. eramentt madee under the:tobaano suppart program totslled. !qa mnllon. During the be printed tnlthe RECOno. I~do~.s~o in.the~n arme perlodJ.loans repaldlto~.thel government iriterestt of~f fB1rnCSS„ ob]ectlvlty, and ln' totalledl s289 million. Thus the', so-called~ defense:of.thehard~work,.devotion;,ded'-~~ '•aliameful" tax~..substdyx actually represented~ icatlonl,and'.integrity, of'Congressl whlch~ a ~ net~ galn . ot 4231 mulimn for the~ Federal I I can' assure: you I~I do: not ~ hold I In con- ~ aovernment. tempt but inn thee highest esteem. The authors~~ could also l have'e learned There ! being' no: objection, the ~ letter ~ t'hat:the~so.called.tobacco~.export~.subsldy~ was ordered.to'.be:printed in~the'.Rsooao;~n ~ cost, , 23~ millionn in.n fiscal year 1974, ih~ a-~~ follows: orderl to make'. Anlerican~ tobacco' conl-~ T9ra Toeacc!o.IHSrlxm'e, Ixc, petltive~.with'tobacco produced by~Rho- K'sahvngton, D.C., Decerab'er15,' 1974: ,S:~a¢moras; desla;, Bulgaria, Mainland China;: andi Dr. Jn.ralH! E~eca~ttvePtce Preatdcnt; otherl countries. They, could alsa~~ have: Amerumt lltertlna/'ASSOcfdtion; learned..that ~this'~.subsidys helped.to Bro-~ Chtcn®o,1ll: duce ciose~to~.31 billlon~on~the favorable~. Dx.eslDa.Beaeetoxs~: A'nartlcle'.andan'edi-~ . pp s n &ideof'theU.6.balana:e:of'.trada tor1a11n.thelDecember18lssueof:theJour-to.fedcraltobaccoprograms!becames'obvlowl tlea of IInlted States", and'd provided no fur- ther' Identiecatlon,.. Ilurlhg' that, saame month, however-laat IdarchJtLe ~. Natlonal'~ Center for Health ! Sta, tlstica of'the:II9. Pubilc, Health &ervdce pub- nshed."'MOrtaltty1 Trendd Jor'. Leading' Cduses of Death;. Vntted. Stotes-l95b-69^. Itl 1s evident from a footnote ~ to Dr. W alker's cur- ~ rent; article~that~.thlsl publlcation was~~faml-~~ Itar 'tu.him. ~ A comparlson' of ~clgarette~ emoking'g ratea~ (per-caplts~ consumptlon)I from '•T6barco~. StatiatiCSP~ and coronaryy death~ ratds! (age~o adjusted) from "]1Lortat/ty. rrendY" can leare ~. ~ little dottbL~.that.ipt the~reporteC'e decline in~ the: latter, began more,than a decade ~. be/ore ~~ the:9urgeon ©eneral'e.report; 2) thla decline ~. persisted over'the twenty-year period.(i9661- e8) in sp4te~e of the general.lncrease~ In per-.. caplta.consumption~of~.clgarettee, and 3) tae~. reduction 1n pounds of 'clgarette ~~tobaccoo per' capite:~.waa only, one~percent: between, 1950: and~1969:and.1;e percent betwe!en.19ea~and. 1969, yet the reductlon In heart dlsease~.death ratee remained conetant~~at eight percent for' each decade. ~ .... ar ,Ie ~::... Cit.mHH H..rl discae . 0-1 noiud..u'rue. 1950-------" t C:--.-...--- 3,522 307.8. 19911._.__..y .............~ 3.:7W. 302.9. 1952:•.----• ................. 3,!ee6 299. 6'. 1953: _ ------------- ........ . 3 178 e. 29& 9'. 1954...... .................. . 3.~516 294.7' 1%5 :.................----- 3.~597~ 2eJ'.5! 1956 ........................ 3,650 . 26a 7 1%7 ........................ 3',755 299; ' .01 1958 ......................... 9,%3299~.3~ 1959l ......................... ~~013: 2t3,.3~ 1960! ........................ (y171. 266~,2 1%1...-.-......-.--.-._- 4 266' neu 1962 ........ ..... ... . ... e;265' 262.7 l%3: ....................... 4,3/5265~.4 1964 ......................... 4.194I 216,9~ 1%5 .......................... e~256. 275~.6 1966 ,------------ ('~ze7~ 275~.e 1%7 ........................ . b, 280: 267.7 1968 .. .................... . a 1%. 270i0~ 1%9 .......................... 993. 262.3. Thue,the 111oglcaf'thec author's' ltlo o o .

,. rhen the~ pertinentdata are examined' inTbeI atatement~.' a'bout~' "Was'htngton'ki : . '~ryending'SBp:billion toe healt'h care" 1s'~.at., tffieirfull context • .. `i Neverthedesef Dr.,Walker amazingly states trlbutedibyDr. Waltler'totheedltor.of'.the. >~.; . that'~ "thll dramatiac breakthrough, against M2w.Enp,iand'.Zournal'~oJbfedtctns. What the ' ooronary, disease apparentlyresulted' chieHyeditor, Dr'. IngllGnger; aetsilp wrotetn the from' a modest, reduction in tobaccoo can-Iseue of:that'~)ournal whldh was cltedbyDrd"'Although~ thlsn claim apparently~ Walkerwas: ^Theamount'ofmoney'spenton~ sum tlon p t. tl,P: j ... ~-sttited,hlA current~.purpiose;,iti Is, noteworthy' health care In this country,now,exeeeds' I90 that'~ Ih,his MarchI artacleihe, at.least gave'e billion per, yearP~Dr: Walker'e~mferepresen-~ partiat oredit:to'. "the ~ vlgorous~~s educaI tatlon,is~~.self-ervident and: needs no comment'. -- - ~~ ~~--- ~~ program,agalnetrfsk'.fkctors"-~note.theiplu-~-~ 'I'he'f/nal.blow.to~.credulity'bstruak~bythe ';} rali-prevslent.3h'recent.years..In~eny.even't,., aditor'Iadlecusetng~,clgerette~ad:vertlaingl.Ile. , ~ ~ h6~ failure ~to'recognltee any~advances'y by~the I begins~s by~ lneorrectly' aserlbing~ the~. dlecon. "--~~""-"--~-'--' medical profession'tn~treatment'~ of'f caronkry' tinuatlon of broadcast; cigarettee adVertlsing~ dtseases ~, m the ~ past ~ twoo decades's must ~ be1 to', actlon by the'. Pedbrat Communications hockdng~ to. JAMAb~ readera. Commiaston. The:facte, of: course;,are tHat~.ln' InsoAsr ~ es~ peptlc'~ uleer, le'.s concerned;, Dr:, 1989'9 thei cigarette indWtry~ volunteered to~. Welker evidcntly. )usI did ~, not; read:, on ~ page diacontlnue this ~ form of' advertlaing, and I 7 Ia. "'Mortatity Trends"', the ~ verg explicit Congresslonal~Ienactment resulted. The'e ed1-~ ~statwment:', "MOrtalltyy from peptic ulcer~r ae~ tor'e treatment; of'thls'~eubJect~demonstratea'f ca - meaeured ~' by age-adluated death rates de- hls adroitness In ~. substitutihg: polemtca for `~ aresaed.about~I 7B',percent~Letween iB50'.and', factf. It'~ ta~ on that note~.that Lfs~edltwW,.,s r ' 1G89."" Dr. Walker's contention thatt the: re-merci[ully„tsrminatea.. ported drop.m.peptlc' ulcer' death rates dltee' ~ As we,observediat:thei outaet~ It, is Iament-r~ only' from' a 1962 peaklaandltlonally fal-able thatthe ,lrresponalblee material put forth i laciousl Isllght,of'.the.polntmadeon'page53by,Dts:.MaeerandWatkerappeared'dnrpub-, f -,N"~',. of the same source document that changes In. Aratieriean Mid/cal calibre A aoetntfane Thfa. o matea ',~ ;~ _,thee method of aodingcrusesaL.death dfa- torted the reported rates. . u, aharrcterletic of' theoutpourhige of'. ` . '.. rtM ' " Havtngpresented,such a'contrived picture the a'dversarler of'tobaccof ln.recent years.. ' '"of'thehealth aapeMe of' this matter, the Itl ls.vtrtually.lac'king'in'factual basis; ttlsI 7AMA . artic1e aontlnues' in likkee vein tn'tts Im` t' on~tirnelp, ~emlc~'n'al, even.fanatical m. - - discussion of government' tobacco programss pP y. it. Iss precisely this Inexpllcably, thedlscusslon begins witha ApproachwHich . hae' only canfused I rather contention that "W11.6 . bnlion 1s~s spent an, than' enlightened thei publicsnd ,servedto . "nuaqyy in thei II'.®J forr health carei costs.re. obscure ratherr tHaa111uminate the medical k d lfl i ent ac o quest ons wHichmuet Ife ~ 'sultingfromg clgerettee smoking."' The au-.e an- thor's reference for thLs'ste'rtlingclaimls swered.throughobJectl4e:research,onamok- " "lfortallty'Trends",..as Identitled'd above. Tl1e. mgand health. ' ' In light the foregoing, truth of the matter'~ Is:that thls'~publicationof the seriousness of ' deale neither wfth~health~care'.costa'norany,~ a'e~~ requesti favorab1re conelderationI of'the'f ~ publlcaRlon kmg:of. thls~communlcation.Ih.JA'MA. smo aspect of ~' . . ' Thestatement.that'the:government,prioe, at'tAeesrlleet',possibledete, . ' nnr2~ fnr tnh- ~ h~- rlanm 'Id'. n nnt~ '~ BmCerely; ~ • fact, price support levelsare based on farm--. I- ~ ers'~coets, and: If'the', Congress had.not madi- ~ '~ tSed ~~ the~ formula ~ for these ~. computatlons' In ~. ~ 196I9:,the rlae~would have~been far morei eub-~~, stantial, as' farmers' ~coats have ~. risen .sliarply:.. The foo1ishness of'f this point ta thee complete ' omission of; reference~toe the application of' '•' tne'e formula. Infact, government-heltl.to- ' baecaloan'collstarel bas been decllning`steadly and fe expected by thei Department of ' Agriculture to.vanish during the.nextyear. "'A, simple lhquiryy would havee rervealed that "~ ~ demand, Is's exceeding~ s!upply, and' thatl the L: ou.H , ^-~ government Ie veryrapldlyy selling offff its -' ~' Collateral stocks'~ of~, totiacco.. The ~ author' . ~ Mx:"~'•ier,ruNoe. a"R.'.y:shouldhave knownJ mI view of hiscanten-... ttonn that~t the~e tobacco program ib~ Irrespon- . -_ . ., :~atble financlally,.that theee salee', are bemg' ~ ~ "e. r•;~.made:atvery.substantlal profits to the.gov-' ~ ,e' •:.ernment; In.vlewn of'f the', rising'merket.prloe ~ ' .. . _ - . . , .. ( .._. .. , . . .. ~ of' tobacco. . .r _ .• . .. Dr.,WAlker lmplles'~that~sn increase in the . ~ percentege~.ofcigarettee'producedlfree~.ofled+ .~,.n,. ~. tq.. . _ eaal tax~x during.g the'pastl decade', from 9:6 .. .. .. . o. 3 1 ,- - . to 9. Is s siniater.r trend. Actually, this has e' t s~ r u , notHing~ too do~o with U.B: health trende-lt r. . ,. .,, . ~~ Is ~entirety, due Ito ~~an Increase' In the~ number 'rc / R • eo t a a • u,. st ~ of'cigarettes exported for~sad e:and consump '~tfn U q : . ., tion~overseae, none of~,which re nublect',to . z ~„~. . ,~ , ... .,..p. / S~ ~.,: .a.,uuaee~.+u,w~mcn. ounauceauoscantim- ,~ - . 1~;... , ..... ~ _ - : ;1: .IEtotheO.B.balance.oftrade'- ~. .,.. nL'r:~„ The steRement'~ that'~ federal taxeson~tobac- o „ .. .. eo~have:remamed unchanged 18 a~.dMlberats: effort tomislead: th t ~r t While ' - - ~ ~--" ' h . a. ax a e ~ se.re- mained~ unchanged, federal tax~ revenues', In- .~ ereaaed 7.5 percent' from ~.19&8. to $2I,321'.,000 Y v~. ~ j~c ...~..,pqp', in..19R3: During~.the~same, pertod; state. . and local tobacco: tkx~ collectlons roee'. 61.4 perwnt, or'naerly~M1l7~, billion, to i3~,Q1i3~,U09 . -.,. . - ~.,.. ( q Xl p . • . app°ar~anac. . . .. -.,-..-_~., ....._._. _____ _- _ . .. .., . ifli -t'T hacco under loan te~ 01' - cour l t l As noted above, such stocks are.rapldlydej~ c11n4na to aero:. ae , compe e y erroneous', totally unsupported bythe:facte.: . ,. , . .....- ... ... . ... .. .. . ..I:.._. t Ir•, 7 (NOT.iN'INTEO AT GOVE'~RNMENT ExeENSE) 409L~. tIi ®