Tobacco Documents Online

. . 4 "The National Institute of Drug Abuse in H.E.W. considers the Addiction Research Foundation to be the most productive, solid such organization in the world." Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator State of California

T : L CONTENTS Page Purposes & Goals of the Foundation 1-5 Accomplishments of the Foundation 6 History and Achievements 7 Commendations 8 Justification of Support 9 Funding and Donations 10-13 Conclusion 14 Boards of the Foundation National Advisory Council 15 Scientific Advisory Board' 16 Board of Directors 17 Board of Associates 18 Articles of Interest - 19-20

The Addiction Research Foundation? Why? The Addiction Research Foundation was established by Dr. Avram Goldstein in 1974 to discover the physiological causes of Narcotics and Tobacco Addiction. Problem I: NARCOTICS ADDICTION NARCOTICS ADDICTION... is a problem for at least 500,000 U.S. citizens and is increas- ing throughout the world. costs people of the U.S. between $10 and $17 billion each year. has not been restrained by campaigns to educate the public of the dangers of drug abuse nor by government intervention--less than 1% of all imported heroin is confiscated. has a very low addict rehabilitation rate, less than 25% by all known methods. *1*

What CouMbe Done? If NARCOTICS ADDICTION were eliminatzd... ... an estimated 500,000 heroin addicts could be effectively re- habilitated. ... crime in the streets could be reduced. ... the staggering monetary costs in law enforcement efforts, drug rehabilitation, prison confinement, and enforcement of narcotics laws could be substantially reduced. *2*

Problem II: TOBACCO ADDICTION TOBACCO ADDICTION'... ... is the greatest single cause of death and illness of all the addictive diseases. An untold number of illnesses and 300,000 deaths each year are caused by smoking. - ... costs the U.S. an estimated $42 billion annually (22 per cent of the Gross National Product). ... has not been prevented by education campaigns nor government restrictions. (Consumption in 1976 increased from 599 billion to 608 billion cigarettes.) ... has a very low rehabilitation rate, 10% by all known~methods. *3*

What Could Be Done? If TOBACCO ADDICTION were eliminated... ... 300,000 persons would not die prematurely each year. ... there would be 85% fewer deaths from bronchitis or emphysema, one-third fewer deaths from artherioscierosis, one-third' fewer from heart disease, 90% fewer from cancer of the trachea and lungs, and 50% fewer from cancer of the bladder. .., one in six Americans now alive, more than 37 million, will die from cigarette smoking years before they otherwise would. *t,*

s r Why The Addiction Research Foundation The Addiction Research Foundation is seeking the physiological basis for Narcotics and Tobacco Addiction. Research is based on the premise that only by learning the reasons for these addiction will evolve truly effective methods of prevention and treatment. *5*

What Has the Addiction Research Foundation Accomplished? The Foundation... ... has discovered that humans produce naturally in~their pitu- itary glands a substance - called endorphin -_that acts precisely like heroin and other opiates. Endorphin is a pain-killer. It appears to be part of a natural defense mechanism against stress and seems to influence emotions and personality traits. It may possibly relate to mental illness. Insufficient production may be the reason some persons are vulnerable to addiction. It may also be the reason withdrawal from addiction is so difficult. ... has developed a method for measuring endorphin in human blood to determine what constitutes a normal supply and the effect of an insufficient or excessive amount. ... is experimenting with more effective methods of drug re- habilitation, including a new, non-addictive substance-- naltrexone--tha:t blocks the effects of heroin. .., has begun a pilot study into the physiological causes of nicotine addiction. Very little research has been done in this area. ... believes that the results of research into nicotine an&nar- cotics addiction will lead to effective methods of prevention and rehabilitation. *6*

. 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 The Foundation - History and Achievements * Founded by Dr. Avram Goldstein, Professor and former Chairman of Pharmacology at Stanford University for 15 years. * Discovered endorphin--a hormone produced in the human pituitary gland'which acts precisely like heroin. * Participated in testing of two new methods of rehabili- tating narcotics addicts, one of which completely blocks the effects of heroin. * Developed a method to analyze the amount of endorphin in human blood to determine what is a normal and an abnormal supply. * Commenced a pilot program to learn the physiological causes of tobacco addiction. * Testing the blood of narcotics addicts and non-addicts to determine if an imbalance of endorphin causes vulne.ability to narcotics addiction, excessive emotional disorders, re- action to rain,_and deviations in personality. * Seeking additional endorphins in the pituitary gland. * Planning the expansion of the Tobacco Addiction Research into a major program. All programs of the Addiction Research Foundation are reviewed annually by an eminent Scientific Advisory Board whose members are listed in this brochure. (See page 16) *7*

Commendations "Dr. Goldstein and his colleagues in Palo Alto have earned, and continue to hold, the highest reputation for competence and first-rate work." Thomas E. Bryant, M.D. President's Commission on Mental Health President, Drug Abuse Council "Avram Goldstein is one of the truly remarkable contemporary scientists. He is an outstanding leader not only in pharmacology, but in the bio- medical sciences generally." David Hamburg, M.D., President Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences "As a Director of the Drug Abuse Council (a foundation funded by'Ford, Carnegie, Kaiser, etc.), I had the opportunity to review the only grant we were able to give to what can be assessed as the leading biological sciences potential in the country. That grant went to Dr. Goldstein who clearly is a brilliant scientist and leader in the field...in terms of integrity and clarity of purpose, I believe you will find few to match the Addiction Research.Foundation." Daniel X. Freedman, M.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry The University of Chicago "'Dr. Avram Goldstein, who directs the Addiction Research Foundation, is one of the most creative scientists in the United States working in the field of addiction research. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of addiction." Philip R. Lee, M~.D. Professor of Social Medicine University of California, S.F. Former Asst. Secretary, HEW *8*

. Why The Addiction Research Foundation Needs Your Help * To build a science laboratory for research on the physiological causes of Tobacco Addiction. * To continue research on Narcotics Addiction -- prevention and rehabilitation. * To accelerate research on the bodily influence of endorphin -- its impact on pain reaction, excessive tension, and other emotional disturbances, including mental illness. *9*

. 0 *How Much Money Is Needed? Total for ._.$600,000 Constuction of Tobacco Addiction Research Laboratory................... $300,000 "Start-up" Equipment for Laboratory............................ .$100,000 Implementation of Narcotics Addiction Program (Equipment, Personnel, Emergency Needs, Development) .......................... $200,000 Total ................. $600,000 A total of $400,000 for Tobacco Laboratory development would be the beginning of a major program in an area where little has been done. The additional $200,000 could assure the acceleration of a program that has in a short time produced findings that appear to relate significantly to narcotics addiction, and possibly fo stress, pain, and mental illness. *Major funding -- Annual grants from H.E.W. -- approxi- mately $1,200,0001to support a staff of 45 persons and a program of 40 narcotics addicts - volunteers for testing scientific findings and new methods of rehabili- tation. *10*

Why Extra Funds Are Needed * When findings are made by scientists, new equip- ment, personnel and materials are frequently neede&, which could not have been anticipated. When government grants are requested to satisfy these unexpected needs, research efforts are stalemated'for up to 15 months until a decision is made by H.E.W. To assure a continuous and accelerated research program, it is essential that a fund be established to meet these needs as they arise. * Funds for construction of a tobacco research lab- oratory are not available from the government. Private sources are an imperative. * Raising $400,000 is a prerequisite to procuring H.E.W. grants for a major research program on tobacco addiction. *11*

What Is The Urgency To Raise Funds Now? * The Foundation's pilot program on tobacco addiction has pro- gressed to a point where a science laboratory is essential now to provide space for a major program and continued pro- gress. * Delays in construction of a laboratory now result in increased inflationary costs later. * H.E.W.'s Secretary Califano has stressed the urgency and nec- essity for government support of research: in~tobacco addiction. Major research funds are available now if a science laboratory can be constructed from private funds. * The monetary and human cost to society of tobacco and narcotics addiction is staggering. A relatively small amount of money spent in research now could save billions in prevention and cure. *12*.

What Is The Projected Plan For Donations? Cumulative 1 Donation .............$100,000 $100,000 3 Donations ............ 50,000 250,000 6 " ............ 25,000 400,000 10 " ............ 10,000 500,000 15 '' ............ 5,000 575,000 20 ............Below 5,000 600,000 Contributions are tax deductible under Section 170, Internal Revenue Code. The Addiction Research~Founda- tion is a 509(a)(1) organization under the tax Ref-rm Act of 1969. *13*

0 Conclusion * Two of the greatest burdens of the nation are Narcotics and Tobacco Addiction. * Current methods of dealing with these problems are relatively ineffective. * The Addiction Research Foundation has made findings which appear not only to be basic to combating narcotics addiction but also has made findings which relate to the problems of physical pain, stress, personality traits and human emotions. * The Foundation has started a pilot program in tobacco addic- tion. With~your help it could develop into a major research program to find the physiological causes of tobacco addiction. * With your help the Foundation could be assured a continuous and accelerated program of research on narcotics addiction by providing for equipment, personnel and other needs as they arise. * Dr. Avram Goldstein is considered by his peers to be one of the nation's most outstanding scientists in the field of addic- tive diseases. The Foundation is considered by'private pro- fessional persons and government officials as being one of the foremost organizations of its kind. * Every person pays a horrendous price directly or indirectly for the problems to the solution of which the Addiction Re- search Foundation is dedicated. Each of us can play a very vital role in combating these burdens of society. *lt,*

IN Y National Advisory Council Thomas E. Bryant Executive Director, President's Cormnission on Mental Health Mrs. Douglas Cater Special Asst. to President Aspen Institute Honorable Alan Cranston U.S. Senator State of California Vincent P. Dole, K.D.. Professor, Rockefeller University Dr. Charles Edwards - Former Commissioner of Health, FDA President, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation Daniel X. Freedman Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry David A. Hamburg, M.D. President, Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences Philip R. Lee, M.D. Former Asst. Secretary, H.E.W. Director, Health Policy Program University of California Art Linkletter Lay Leader Mrs. Florence Mahoney Lay Leader, National Health Programs Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy Lay Leader, Fr-mer Presidential Appointee to UiVESCO Max i,. Palevsky Industrialist Joseph Slater President, Aspen Institute Honorable John Vasconcellos Assemblyman State of California *15*

Scientific Advisory Board Floyd E. Bloom, M.D., Director Arthur V. Davis Center for Behavioral Neurobiology The Salk Institute Doris H. Clouet, Ph.D. Assistant Director New York State Office of Drug Abuse Services William M. Harvey, Ph.D., Director Narcotics Service Council of St. Louis Jerome H. Jaffe, M.D., Professor Psychiatry Columbia University Harold Kalant, M.D., Ph.D., Professor Pharmacology University of Toronto Jack H. Mendelsom, M.D., Professor Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Norman Weiner, M.D., Professor Chairman of Pharmacology University of Colorado Medical Center *16*

. Board of Directors Patricia E. Bashaw...Vice President, Resource Center for Women Herschel J. Brown...Director, First National Bank of San Jose; Former Executive Vice-President, Lockheed Missiles and Space Company Leonard Cornell...Attorney; Realtor; Former Associate Professor, Denver University Law School Avram Goldstein...M.D.; Director and Founder of Addiction Research Foundation; Former Chairman of Pharmacology, Stanford University Catherine Lee...Attorney; Board of Directors, KQED Joseph~0ren...M.D.; Director on Immunology and Respirato.y Di:..:ase, Syntex Research; Clinical Assistant, Professor, Stanford University Joseph Schmedding...Retired Executive Vice-President, Bank of America; Former member of Trustees Committee, San Francisco Foundation Vartan Ghazarossian...Postdoctoral Fellow in Laboratory Research, Addiction Research Foundation Henry P. Organ...Associate General Secretary,, Stanford University Martin E. Packard...Ph.D.; Corporate Vice-President, Varian Associates; Former Trustee, San Francisco Foundation Wilbur Watkins...Management Consultant; Former Presi- dent, General Paint Corporation; Former Executive Administrator, Palo Alto Medical Clinic Philip N. B1iss...Special Counselor/Consultant, Palo Alto Unified School District; Consultant to California State Department of Education Donald E. Yost...Management Consultant; Former Operations Manager, Fairchild Semiconductor Charles G. Schultz...LegaI Counsel *17*

BOARD OF ASSOCIATES * Creighton Peet, President...Retired Vice President, Safeway Stores, Inc. Mrs. Alfred Bochner...Former President, Holbrook Palmer Foundation; Member, Board of Directors, UniomPacific Bank Richard S. Dinner...Partner, Dinner Levison Company; Vice-President, Graduate Theological Union Mrs. Genevieve di San Faustino....Member, Board of Trustees, The Bothin Helping Fund Burnham Enersen...Partner, MeCutcheon, Doyle, Brown and Enersen, Attorneys David Faskin...Investments; Member of the Board, California Association for A.C.T. Peter Folger...Retired Chairman of the Board, Folger Coffee Company Crawford Greene, Jr...Partner, McCutcheon, Doyle, Brown an&Enersen, Attorneys Richard J. Guggenhime...Attorney, Heller, Ehrman, White and'rlcAuliffe; Director, Institute of Medical Sciences John Huntington...Attorney; President, University of California-Hastings Law Center Foundation * Mrs. Charles B. Kuhn...Vice Chairman and Treasurer, .San Francisco Foundation Mrs. Matilda Manning Kunin...Civic Leader in many Bay Area organizations Francis A. Martin Jr...Advertising Consultant; Board of Direc-tors, San Francisco Ecology Center Edgar N. Meakin...Consultant John F. Mi11er...President, Hunter, Miller and Fleming, Estate Management * Emmett Solomon...Retire&Chairman, Board of Directors, Crocker National Bank 0 6-h * Brooks Walker, Jr...Chairman, U.S. Leasing International, rCh Inc.; Chairman, San Francisco Foundation 0 W * Wilbur L. Watkins...Former President, General Paint •~ Corporatiom; Former Executive Administrator, Palo Alto 00Medical Clinic * EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Excerpted from The New York Times October 2, 1977 4piate-L~~e Substances in B rain MaYHold Clue to Pain and .Mo 0 Th di' cov oC i stmiiari...l >ietw-rn substaitcei produc,ed by the hu• r+an hrstrr a-nA::hlr the QDiLm yoooy has - --n realm of body chem= istry, offering-ctuel to the nature of pain, pleasure. the emotians and perhaps, such mattars as-epilepay, drug addiction and ' me~tal Illaess. The climactic finding. which has gen-{ erated a flurr}y of scientific effort;•~ wasi that the brain and the body"s master gland, the, pituitsry, nukelthe.ir'own na- tural substances that appear to.act like morahi;+e„ aez opium derivative: In the two•years since that, discovery, a whole nevK family of suctt• substances ! has been ideatitied. They . are. called en- ~ dorphine, a::coioed word• meaning "the morphine within_" Seldom hap a new-fidfd•oU.biological research stirred-such •wideapread••excite- ment, sv• swiftly. ThQ newly: discover chemfcals .. are; ,at once, clues •and toof through chicb 'sciefltistt: hope to brin into focus nsw vistas.of bra•rR-function, "It ha= rTMatM a1 mtch e'csitGIIlent neuroacience as. a;ny field`in•- the Ias u etades,' th.re is.ao • quesqo at; _said. nr. witliam;.Bunne F ,_ haLjjs;Jt e ° g • chemis ~QnSernin~ p~,. epi- le23y. and eirnt2l ilin sa ar'-h ino• deve(. ° _ . _ ° " o>:~tteatdng~ some c~ a c°a ac°a of a~hi Ooh[tn12 aild deDression S *19*

. ..M r Excerpted from The San Francisco Chronicle June 16, 1976 Research Sdentsts iProbe A MorphineLike -Hormone BY Chart.s p.rit stance, helos control the ser drive = but the hor=ones now under study are thouant to piay• a muca more buot e part in Laa ce ra e cttet^.t U tnterp[ay t at tncyatew astects a person s per- son Lr., z:^.u otnavior. "It s one of ' the tncst frnrtfu1 Per3ocs our rne aS:;n, s r. . e ti7n n=oac o[ the uvers,rv o_f or-..u3_ en rer ere ~ a t eeHuay meet•.ag or e docrne Society got under way at the Iiilton HoteL 4fuch of the current activity cen- ~ ters on a neri y vd f hormone, en orp w Iln an tzst tu sru esoe aves muca e+ morpnine, even t ou its c ecuc3 ~' ,, r any mown•opta ~ * In' searching for other chetnirrls which attach to the same sites, a r13ss of smaTl pt•oteisLs,, or peptides, was di'scov- ered. lt was noticed that these peptides were actuaily small sections of the larger lipotropin earlier studied by Li.. Just in the past two •years,'the theory has been developed - backed up by persuasive animal studies - that. somehow production of lipottropin, or its breakdown into the smaller endorphins, plays a crucial role in controlling the. brain's moods, emotions, and sensations of pain_ _ Goldste[n. wbo ts also dirEctor of the Addicnon Research Foundanon in P o Alto, sa1 tn a te e one [ntervtew t at in juat t e past iew montns in " Ia bratory more morptune-tt' e' com- p un nave aen coua tn antsnal brams an p[tuitary btantts. "We will robabl find a whole- famll o t ese ormones. " he sai .' t may weil lead to recoa_nanon of an entue y new system or neura ' contro Scientists at art international meet•• Later, largely because of wor's br Inc here yesta ay escn bea growing pharmacoloezst Dr. . vrara ezn at excitement over e recent discoverv of Stan2or n,versity an r°3earc ers at a c.a5s of ^attiral nol'L7on!'S tsceGI to the ~ ucuLe tn JaD Ie;o, e benave znuca Me morptund. soecifJc site9 [n brain nerve ce to 3lany hormones are hown to ~` ~ch moc-oatne artachey ~ere [ entf- f ied. contaroY tnood* - testosterone, for in. - *20*.

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