Tobacco Documents Online

. . 4 "The National Institute of Drug Abuse in H.E.W. considers the Addiction Research Foundation to be the most productive, solid such organization in the world." Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator State of California

T : L CONTENTS Page Purposes & Goals of the Foundation 1-5 Accomplishments of the Foundation 6 History and Achievements 7 Commendations 8 Justification of Support 9 Funding and Donations 10-13 Conclusion 14 Boards of the Foundation National Advisory Council 15 Scientific Advisory Board' 16 Board of Directors 17 Board of Associates 18 Articles of Interest - 19-20

The Addiction Research Foundation? Why? The Addiction Research Foundation was established by Dr. Avram Goldstein in 1974 to discover the physiological causes of Narcotics and Tobacco Addiction. Problem I: NARCOTICS ADDICTION NARCOTICS ADDICTION... is a problem for at least 500,000 U.S. citizens and is increas- ing throughout the world. costs people of the U.S. between $10 and $17 billion each year. has not been restrained by campaigns to educate the public of the dangers of drug abuse nor by government intervention--less than 1% of all imported heroin is confiscated. has a very low addict rehabilitation rate, less than 25% by all known methods. *1*

What CouMbe Done? If NARCOTICS ADDICTION were eliminatzd... ... an estimated 500,000 heroin addicts could be effectively re- habilitated. ... crime in the streets could be reduced. ... the staggering monetary costs in law enforcement efforts, drug rehabilitation, prison confinement, and enforcement of narcotics laws could be substantially reduced. *2*

Problem II: TOBACCO ADDICTION TOBACCO ADDICTION'... ... is the greatest single cause of death and illness of all the addictive diseases. An untold number of illnesses and 300,000 deaths each year are caused by smoking. - ... costs the U.S. an estimated $42 billion annually (22 per cent of the Gross National Product). ... has not been prevented by education campaigns nor government restrictions. (Consumption in 1976 increased from 599 billion to 608 billion cigarettes.) ... has a very low rehabilitation rate, 10% by all known~methods. *3*

What Could Be Done? If TOBACCO ADDICTION were eliminated... ... 300,000 persons would not die prematurely each year. ... there would be 85% fewer deaths from bronchitis or emphysema, one-third fewer deaths from artherioscierosis, one-third' fewer from heart disease, 90% fewer from cancer of the trachea and lungs, and 50% fewer from cancer of the bladder. .., one in six Americans now alive, more than 37 million, will die from cigarette smoking years before they otherwise would. *t,*

s r Why The Addiction Research Foundation The Addiction Research Foundation is seeking the physiological basis for Narcotics and Tobacco Addiction. Research is based on the premise that only by learning the reasons for these addiction will evolve truly effective methods of prevention and treatment. *5*

What Has the Addiction Research Foundation Accomplished? The Foundation... ... has discovered that humans produce naturally in~their pitu- itary glands a substance - called endorphin -_that acts precisely like heroin and other opiates. Endorphin is a pain-killer. It appears to be part of a natural defense mechanism against stress and seems to influence emotions and personality traits. It may possibly relate to mental illness. Insufficient production may be the reason some persons are vulnerable to addiction. It may also be the reason withdrawal from addiction is so difficult. ... has developed a method for measuring endorphin in human blood to determine what constitutes a normal supply and the effect of an insufficient or excessive amount. ... is experimenting with more effective methods of drug re- habilitation, including a new, non-addictive substance-- naltrexone--tha:t blocks the effects of heroin. .., has begun a pilot study into the physiological causes of nicotine addiction. Very little research has been done in this area. ... believes that the results of research into nicotine an&nar- cotics addiction will lead to effective methods of prevention and rehabilitation. *6*

. 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 The Foundation - History and Achievements * Founded by Dr. Avram Goldstein, Professor and former Chairman of Pharmacology at Stanford University for 15 years. * Discovered endorphin--a hormone produced in the human pituitary gland'which acts precisely like heroin. * Participated in testing of two new methods of rehabili- tating narcotics addicts, one of which completely blocks the effects of heroin. * Developed a method to analyze the amount of endorphin in human blood to determine what is a normal and an abnormal supply. * Commenced a pilot program to learn the physiological causes of tobacco addiction. * Testing the blood of narcotics addicts and non-addicts to determine if an imbalance of endorphin causes vulne.ability to narcotics addiction, excessive emotional disorders, re- action to rain,_and deviations in personality. * Seeking additional endorphins in the pituitary gland. * Planning the expansion of the Tobacco Addiction Research into a major program. All programs of the Addiction Research Foundation are reviewed annually by an eminent Scientific Advisory Board whose members are listed in this brochure. (See page 16) *7*

Commendations "Dr. Goldstein and his colleagues in Palo Alto have earned, and continue to hold, the highest reputation for competence and first-rate work." Thomas E. Bryant, M.D. President's Commission on Mental Health President, Drug Abuse Council "Avram Goldstein is one of the truly remarkable contemporary scientists. He is an outstanding leader not only in pharmacology, but in the bio- medical sciences generally." David Hamburg, M.D., President Institute of Medicine National Academy of Sciences "As a Director of the Drug Abuse Council (a foundation funded by'Ford, Carnegie, Kaiser, etc.), I had the opportunity to review the only grant we were able to give to what can be assessed as the leading biological sciences potential in the country. That grant went to Dr. Goldstein who clearly is a brilliant scientist and leader in the field...in terms of integrity and clarity of purpose, I believe you will find few to match the Addiction Research.Foundation." Daniel X. Freedman, M.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Psychiatry The University of Chicago "'Dr. Avram Goldstein, who directs the Addiction Research Foundation, is one of the most creative scientists in the United States working in the field of addiction research. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of addiction." Philip R. Lee, M~.D. Professor of Social Medicine University of California, S.F. Former Asst. Secretary, HEW *8*