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RE: Joint Meeting on ETS - London, England

Date: 15 Jun 1988
Length: 14 pages
2021548222-2021548235
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Abstract

These remarkable minutes are from a 1988 meeting of cigarette manufacturers from the U.S., United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Canada and Japan who met to discuss global strategies for dealing with the industry's greatest threat: the secondhand smoke issue.

The minutes contain a fascinating discussion wherein a representative of the German cigarette industry, Dr. Franz Adlkofer, departs from the industry's established route of promoting global deceit on the secondhand smoke issue and urges the industry representatives to adopt a more responsible course:

During the meeting, Dr. Adlkofer questioned the industry's continuing creation of it's own "marketable science." In a stunning departure from typical industry plotting, Dr. Adlkofer stated that what the industry was really seeking was "good public relations material, not good science." Dr. Adlkofer further said that "real science" would be "essential if the industry was to prevail on the ETS issue." Furthermore, Adlkofer "refused to endorse a situation in which scientific research is guided by public relations needs." Adlkofer questioned the wisdom of the industry's present course on the ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) issue and urged the industry instead to concentrate on identifying a threshold level for risk of ETS exposure. This controversial suggestion caused "widespread disagreement" among the meeting's participants. Dr. Boyce of British American Tobacco (BAT) said that the "no-threshold argument would automatically indict active smoking." Thomas Osdene of Philip Morris helpfully suggested that "a threshold level could be set, but that the threshold not be quantified." Another attendee, Mr. Westcott (a consultant to Philip Morris U.S.A.) said that setting such a limit would be "dangerous" because it would provide "a priori proof of causation for anti-smoking advocates," and "would indict active smoking." John Rupp, of the U.S. tobacco industry's law firm Covington and Burling, further stated that "the industry should continue to emphasize the lack of substantive proof of causation." To this Adlkofer responded, "Science cannot propel the industry any further on the ETS issue unless it is able to say that not one person has died from exposure to ETS." There was nothing further added in discussion of this landmark statement.

The rest of the document is full of descriptions of the industry's existing path of global deceit on the ETS issue.

The Japanese tobacco industry representative said that the public and medical professions "must be better informed on ETS research," adding that,

..."in providing this information, the industry must be inconspicuous. Otherwise, he argued, the public will suspect the authenticity of the information. He recommended the use of third parties to convey the industry's message."

The Canadian tobacco industry representative indicated his awareness that there was almost total public support in Canada for regulation of smoking, reporting that "85-90% of Canadians, both smokers and non-smokers, are not against smoking regulation." Despite this acknowledgement, however, he went on to state a Canadian tobacco industry priority was "to underwrite the Smoker's Freedom Society, a group that publicly represents smokers' interests and is separate from the tobacco industry," showing that the Canadian tobacco industry intended to create and fund a group to oppose smoking regulations where there normally would be virutally no opposition, and that they intended to give the group the appearance of being separate from their industry.

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Marked "PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT." Privilege has been removed.

Quotes

JULY 15, 1988 JOINT MEETING ON ETS - LONDON, ENGLAND

The Industry Interface Meeting on ETS (hereinafter "Joint Meeting") was held on June 17, 1988 at the St. James Court Hotel in London. A list of participants is attached. The stated objective of this meeting was 'to bring together industry scientists to discuss scientific research and strategies on ETS and how these relate globally.' "

[From Page 5, Bates No. 2021548226]

F. SUMMARY

Don Hoe1 summarized the first session by noting that anti-smoking activities are occurring in all of the represented areas. These activities are not only generated locally, but also by international organizations such as the World Health Organization, which has publicly stated that a causal link between ETS and human disease has been conclusively established.

"II. INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVES..."

[From Page 6, Bates No. 2021548227] "...Following the EEC presentation, Professor Adlkofer pro- vided the participants with his views, and presumably the views of his colleagues, on the future direction of ETS research. According to Adlkofer, the existing science demands that the industry recognize that possible health risks from ETS exist because those risks cannot be disproved. As a result, Adlkofer advocates that research be focused on determining the threshold level of adverse effects from environmental tobacco smoke, and that fewer resources be expended on epidemiological studies."

[From Page 7, Bates No. 2021548228]

"Following the UK presentation, Professor Adlkofer ques- tioned the use of the term "marketable science". Andrew Nelmes defined this term as unflawed scientific studies whose objectives are understandable to laymen and are thus useful in public relations efforts. Professor Adlkofer responded that what Nelmes wanted was good public relations material, not good science."

[From Pages 7-8, Bates Nos. 2021548228-8229]

"D. UNITED STATES

Dr. Thomas Osdene of Phillp Morris reported on behalf of the U.S. industry and outlined the activities of CIAR [Center for Indoor Air Research]...Phillp Morris, Lorillard and R.J. Reynolds formed CIAR to facilitate and support new research on indoor air quality generally, not just ETS. Likely topics of CIAR-sponsored research include air quality in airline cabins and in the workplace. ... CIAR may also publish a scientific newsletter and/or peer-reviewed journal in order to facilitate the dissemination of information obtained... Dr. Osdene stressed that CIAR's independence will be maintained by distancing it from the Tobacco Institute..."

[From Page 10, Bates No. 2021548231]

A. UNITED STATES

John Lyons, of the Tobacco Institute, began his presenta- tion by expressing his approval for the "marketable science" concept. He then outlined the legislative, legal and public relations endeavors of the TI. He described these programs as being merely "holding actions" until science adequately counters the results of the 1986 Surgeon General's Report. That report has emboldened anti-smoking activist in the U.S. and has had a marked effect on the public generally. Presently, 49% of American object to ETS even if it has no effect on health.

With regard to ETS, the TI has adopted two primary objectives: (1) to prevent further bans on cigarette smoking and (2) to change adverse public attitudes toward smoking. To achieve these goals, TI has adopted a number of strategies that can be summarized as follows:

(1) To oppose all legislative, regulatory, judicial and voluntary efforts that discriminate unfairly against smokers;

(2) To encourage scientific research and present research results, while criticizing inferior research;

(3) To limit superficial debates regarding ETS, especially in the press;

(4) To increase public awareness of indoor air pollution and the need for better ventilation;

(5) To demonstrate that the estimated social costs associated with smoking are incorrect;

(6) To increase awareness of the extremism and zealotry employed by anti-smoking groups;

(7) To demonstrate that smokers expect and are entitled to common courtesy from non-smokers;

(8) To promote smokers' rights measures;

(9) To demonstrate publicly that overreaction to any annoyance, including smoking, is anti-social; and

(10) To provide information on how to diffuse conflicts between smokers and non-smokers."

[From Page 12, Bates No. 2021548233]

Dr. Adlkofer deviated from the agenda and discussed the direction of ETS research. According to Adlkofer, analytlcal breakthroughs are unlikely in the ETS area if research continues on its present course. Conventional epidemiology has provided few benefits to the industry. A focus is now needed on "modern epidemiology" and human exposure studies, as well as further exploration of the alleged mechanisms of effect. He also called for the identification of a threshold level for risk. Dr. Adlkofer indicated that this approach has already been adopted in Germany.

Dr. Adlkofer's suggestion created widespread disagreement among the meeting's participants. Mr. Westcott stated that setting a threshold is dangerous because it provides a priori proof of causation for anti-smoking advocates. Mr. Rupp agreed, stating that an acceptable threshold for ETS may nevertheless indict active smoking. Rupp then engaged in a defense of existing scientific undertakings. He noted that epidemiological evidence is necessary if for no other reason than to effectively respond to anti-smoking groups, which are still engaged in epidemiological research. Rupp concluded by expressing the view that the industry should continue to emphasize the lack of substantive proof of causation..."

[From page 13, Bates No. 202115448234]

"Dr. Adlkofer agreed with Mr. Rupp that epidemiological studies should go forward in order to counter arguments by anti-smoking forces. He disagreed, however, with Rupp's views against setting a threshold for ETS. According to Adlkofer, science cannot propel the industry any further on the ETS issue unless it is able to say that not one person has died from exposure to ETS.

Other views were also expressed on the threshold problem. Dr. Boyce of BAT stated that the "no threshold" argument automatically indicts active smoking. Dr. Stuhl called on the industry to dispel the "no threshold/one molecule" theory and the contention that animal carcinogens are automatically human carcinogens. Dr. Osdene suggested that a threshold level could be set, but that the threshold not be quantified. At this point, Don Hoe1 concluded the discussion generated by Dr. Adlkofer's comments..."

"Dr. Ichinose reported the Japanese view that both the public and the medical profession must be better informed on ETS research. In providing this information, the industry must be inconspicuous. Otherwise, he argued, the public will suspect the authenticity of the information. He recommended the use of third parties to convey the industry's message."

..."D. CANADA

Mr. Dunn reported that 85-90% of Canadians, smokers and non-smokers, are not against smoking regulation...."

Company
Philip Morris Cos., Inc.
Author
N/A
Recipient
Presumably attendees of the meeting, which included representatives from American, British, European and Japanese tobacco companies
Region
Japan
Germany
United Kingdom
Canada
France
Switzerland
Hong Kong
United States
Named Organization
St. James Court Hotel, London
Verband der Cigaretten Industry (Trade organization for the German tobacco industry)
NMA (National Manufacturers Organization) for Germany
VdC
EEC (European Economic Community)
European Economic Community
*EPA ( use United States Environmental Protection Agency)
Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) (Industry formed/funded air research organization)
Nonprofit organization funded by the tobacco industry. CIAR was formed in March 1988 by tobacco companies "to sponsor "high-quality research on indoor air issues and to facilitate communication of research findings to the broad scientific community."
Tobacco Institute (Industry Trade Association)
The purpose of the Institute was to defeat legislation unfavorable to the industry, put a positive spin on the tobacco industry, bolster the industry's credibility with legislators and the public, and help maintain the controversy over "the primary issue" (the health issue).
JTI (Japan Tobacco Inc.)
Japan Tobacco Inc.
Ministry of Health and Welfare
Ministry of Education
Sixth World Conference on Smoking and Health
Tokyo Bar Association
DHHS, Deptartment of Health and Human Services (USA)
Department of Health and Social Security
ISC
Independent Scientific Committee
Health Education Authority of DHSS
Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) (International industry advisory council)
Tobacco Advisory Council
Imperial Tobacco Co. (of Great Britain and Ireland) Limited (Patented desireable chemical alterations of nicotine)
Defense
Candian Parliament
U.S. Surgeon General
Covington & Burling (Tobacco Industry law firm)
Tobacco industry law firm. Was involved in organizing the Whitecoat Project.
National Academy of Sciences
DOT
Department of Transportation
CTMC, Candian Tobacco Manufacturers Committee
World Health Organization (Concerned with global public health)
International organization concered with public health worldwide
Gallaher Limited
German Society on Maximum Threshold Limits in the Workplace
Austrian Health Minister
German Indoor Air Symposium
Philip Morris
Lorillard
R.J. Reynolds
Environment International
Japan Air Lines
Lufthansa
Environmental Technology Letters
Frequent Flyer Magazine
SAS
Airline Stewardesses Association
Smoking Research Foundation
Kyoto Senbai Hospital
Imperial College Conference on Indoor and Ambient Air Quality
BAT, British American Tobacco Co.
ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)
Action on Smoking and Health
Smoker's Freedom Society
NMAs
Austria Tabakwerke AG
Type
Memorandum, meeting minutes
Named Person
Hoel, Donald K. (CTR Industry Research Committee & PM Attorney, Shook Hardy)
Donald Hoel was an attorney with Philip Morris' law firm Shook Hardy and Bacon (SHB). He served as a member of the CTR Industry Research Committee in 1978?. Hoel assisted in screening "apppropriate" projects to received CTR funding.
Adlkofer, Franz (VDC Research Director)
Argued in a 1988 joint meeting of the worldwide tobacco companies that the industry should stop developing "marketable science" for use in public relations to fight the secondhand smoke issue and instead should establish a safe threshold for exposure to secondhand smoke. (Bates No. 2021548222/8235)
Rupp, John P. (TI Communication Committee, Covington & Burling lawyer)
TI Communication Committee
Ichinose
Nelmes, Andrew J. (Gallaher, Industry Affairs Manager, Corp. Affairs)
1995 Northern Ireland
Klus, Hubert (VDC scientist)
1993 Scientist at Verband der Cigaretten
Lehnert
Hanschler
Wynder, Ernst L., M.D. (Epidemiologist, Sloan Kettering, Anti-Tobacco Expert)
1993 First scientist to report in 1950 on the carginocencity of cigarettes in rats painted with tar. Assistant at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research Directed the American Health Foundation (AHF) from 1984 to his death in 1998.
Lee, Peter N. (TAC Biostatistician)
Frequently funded by the tobacco industry to criticize and discount published and epidemiological studies that linked between tobacco smoking and health damage.
Gaisch, Helmut W. (PM Europe Science & Technology President)
Director and Principal Scientist, Tobacco Science and Technology, Fabriques De Tabac Reunite, S.A., (1987). Helmut Gaisch was an attendee at Philip Morris's 1987 Operation Downunder Conference, held to determine a new strategy the company could take on the issue of ETS. (PM's "Accommodation" strategy was borne from this conference). Gaisch worked to thwart ETS regulations in Europe using data from INBIFO. He was a Philip Morris European scientist, Head of Laboratories, FTR/Philip Morris Europe. Member to Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC), 1987.
Boyce
Uberla
Osdene, Thomas Stefan, Ph.D. (Director of Science and Technology, Philip Morris [1986])
Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry. Ten years of research when he started with PM in 1965. Worked in Chemical Research Division of PM 1965-66; Chemical and Biological Research Division 1966-69; Director of Research 1969-1984, also assumed independent position as Director of Research and Extramural Studies during these years; became Director of Science and Technology in 1984, reporting directly to Philip Morris USA Executive VP Mark Serrano. Involved with Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) 1988. Attended PM's Operation Downunder Conference in June, 1987. Retired 1993.
Ward, M.
Mackay, Judith (Director, Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control, Hong Kong)
Pottorff, Mary
Reif, Helmut E. (PM Europe Science & Tech. Director, 1980s)
Helmut Reif was Director of Science and Technology for FTR. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996)
Stuhl, Oskar (RJR Germany)
Lyons, John (TI Issue Analyst, c. 1988)
Thorton
Dunn, Patrick J. (ITC R&D, Montreal, Canada, c 1985-6)
Manager, Analytical Services and Director of Smoking Behavior Research at Imperial Tobacco, Canada. Went by "Pat" or P.J."
Westcott
Subject
secondhand smoke
industry strategy
industry front group
industry activity
industry sponsored research

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Page 1: 2021548222 Log in for more options!
PRIVILEGED ~ CONFIDENTIkL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT MEMORANDUM DATE: RE: JULY 15, 1988 JOINT MEETING ON ETS - LONDON, ENGLAND The Industry Interface Meeting on ETS (hereinafter "Joint Meeting") was held on June 17, 1988 at the St. James Court Hotel in London. A list of participants is attached. The stated objective of this meeting was "to bring together industry scientists to discuss scientific research and strategies on ETS and how these relate globally." Before proceeding to topics listed on the agenda, Don Hoe1, who chaired "the meeting, requested that those present assess whether a need for joint meetings exists and suggest possible improvements for future meetings. Thereafter, the discussions generally followed the agenda, which was broken down into three topic areas: (1) national and international activities and attitudes, (2) industry research and objectives, and (3) scientific information and media objectives and activities. I. ~ATIONALAND INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ATTITUDES A. EEC Professor Adlkofer of the Verband der Cigarettenindustrie reported that anti-smoking groups have become increasingly active in Europe, particularly with regard to ETS. As a result, both individual countries and the EEC are responding with programs to .address the ETS issue. For example, the EEC recently launched its "Europe Against Cancer" program, whlch identifies ETSas a substance that should be avoided by non-smokers. It was also reported that the West German Health Ministry is promoting anti-smoking proposals that include educational campaigns directed toward children and non-smokers exposed to ETS. The West German Cabinet is expected to consider these proposals in September. Because many politicians within the EEC favor legal and political action to placate anti-smoking advocates, anti-smoking
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT activities are expected to continue and increase in intensity. Both company scientists and independent scientists who disagree with the U.S. Surgeon General's opinions on ETS are cooperating, but even more research is essential if the industry is to effectively counter the activities of anti-smoking advocates in the EEC. B. UNITED STATES John Rupp of Covington Burling reported that .the present tone of the ETS debate in t~e United States Is negative. This is true because the conclusions of the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Surgeon General are wldely cited in scientific literature and the popular press. Nevertheless, 1988 has proved to be a good year from a legislative standpoint. Despite numerous proposals and hearings, no statewide smoking restrictions and no municipal restrictions of significance have been adopted. The most negative occurrence in the U.S. was the two year ban of smoking on domestic airline flights of two hours or less. Although many observers expect the ban to be extended beyond the initial trial period, the industry is already preparing its plans to challenge the ban's renewal. These plans include a possible DOT-sponsored study of air quality aboard commercial airlines. Other recent political developments have proved to be less significant than originally expected. In California, where tobacco smoke was added to the list of carcinogens for which Propo- sition 65 requires a warning, it now appears that a generic warning will suffice. As a result, Proposition 65 is not expected to have a significant impact on the industry. Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed brochures on ETS appear to be more a threat than a reality. Nevertheless, attempts still are being made to moderate the EPA's position on ETS. According to Mr. Rupp, the greatest threat to public smoking is not leglslation, but rather social attitude. Public attitudes toward smoking are deteriorating because of .concerns about ETS that were raised, by the National Academy of Sciences' and the Surgeon General's reports. Mr. Rupp believes that Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) and Tobacco Institute (TI) programs may make some headway on this issue, however. Despite many widely-heralded negative developments on .ETS, smoking is still permitted in most public places in the U.S., and no sweeping federal antl-smoking legislation is expected in - 2 -
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY ~ORK PRODUCT 1988 or 1989. As a result, the present mood of the U.S. industry on the ETS issue can best be described as "hopeful." C. JAPAN Dr. Ichinose, of Japan Tobacco Incorporated (JTI), speaking through a translator, reported that four government ministries have become involved with ETS-related issues. The Ministry of Health and Welfare is planning to issue a medical paper on smoking and health and is also providing educational materials and other types of assistance to persuade smokers to quit. The Ministry of Labor has set up a panel to discuss smoking in the workplace, and a report is expected soon. The Ministry of Education is preparing pamphlets on smoking for distribution in primary, secondary, and senior secondary schools. The Ministry of Finance is presently studying the impact of changing public attitudes toward smoking on Japanese industry. In addition to these activities at the national level, local governments have begun distributing pamphlets on the alleged hazards of tobacco smoke. Several scientific conferences on ETS have also been held in Japan recently. At the Sixth World Conference on Smoking and Health, participants called for greater governmental action against smoking. This conclusion, which was widely reported by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, has assisted anti-smoking activists in Japan. On the other hand, the International Conference on Indoor Air Quality held in Tokyo stressed the need for more ETS research. Although 85.6% of the Japanese population believe that smokers and nonsmokers can live together if both groups remain courteous, proposals for restrictions on smoking continue to be made. The Tokyo Bar Association, for example, has urged restrictions on public smoking and an advertising ban. Others are calling for smoking bans in government buildings and in workplaces generally. An increasing number of companies are completely banning smoking on the premises. In a recent study, 40% of companies with new facilities limited smoking in order to protect office equipment. of non-smoking seats has increased by 50% since 1984. Smoking restrictions are being imposed on public transportation as well. A number of Japanese cities have imposed smoking bans on subway~ and trains. Also, airlines are increasing_ the number of non-smoklng seats on their fllghts. The total number~ - 3 -
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT D. UNITED KINGDOM In the United Kingdom, Andrew Nelmes of Gallaher Limited reported that efforts to restrict smoking have been focused on the workplace and public facilities. Government ministries and committees have proved to be the most common forum for such discussions. The Department of Health and Social Security example, issues reports on smoking and Independent Scientific Committee (ISC). assisted the Committee in preparation of industry was able to modify the overall pointing out areas where a lack of data that the Committee's estimate of risk objectively presented. The Independent Scientific Committee is now expected to take a "wait-and-see" attitude toward ETS and evaluate new studies as they are published. At the same time, however, the Health Education Authority of DHSS, which informs the public on health matters and disease prevention, has begun directing its efforts toward smoking cessation. (DHSS), for health prepared by the Because the industry its Fourth Report, the tone of the report by exists and by ensuring from ETS exposure was The Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) is taking steps to promote the industry's position on ETS. For example, TAC has developed a pamphlet entltled "Smoking Policies at Work," which provides a strategy for settling disputes between smokers and non- smokers. Also, TAC is promoting the view that ETS is a symptom of poor ventilation and that laws ensuring adequate ventilation in the workplace are needed. In discussions following the UK presentation, the par- ticipants expressed their mutual frustration over the ETS issue. Many held the opinion that a coordinated, world-wide response is needed. Others, believing the ETS issue to be more political than scientific, questioned whether scientific studies are effective in attacking the deterioration of public attitudes toward smoking. E. CANADA Mr. Dunn of ImperiaI Tobacco Limited, the Canadian representative, reported that the situation in his country is "extreme" because many elements of society are calling for ~ restr~ctlons on smoking.. Antl-smokigg forces in Canada are well- organlzed and are effectlvely employlng information gathered from~ around the world. Also, many health professionals are calllng forK smoking restrictions. As a result, the Canadian Parliament recently~
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P~I~II~D ~ CON~ID~'~I~L ~I~0~ ~OR~ enacted anti-smoking legislation which bans smoking in all federal and federally-regulated buildings and public transportation, strengthens rotational warnings, and prohibits cigarette advertising and promotion. Although this legislation could be challenged in court, the climate in Canada presently reduces the likelihood of obtaining any lasting relief. In addition to federal action, local governments, such as the City of Toronto, have adopted strict smoking bans in the workplace. The Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Committee (CTMC) has established a task force to address smoking bans in the workplace through a number of means. As in the United Kingdom, CTMC is advancing the view that ETS is a symptom of inadequate ventilation in buildings. The Committee is also promoting mutual accommodation as the best means of settling problems that exist between smokers and non-smokers. Finally, CTMC is encouraging new scientific research on ETS and the accumulation of political data to facilitate effective responses to anti-smoking groups. F. SVMMARY Don Hoe1 summarized the first session by noting that anti-smoking activities are occurring in all of the represented areas. These activities are not only generated locally, but also by international organizations such as the World Health Organiza- tion, which has publicly stated that a causal link between ETS and human disease has been conclusively establlshed. II. INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVES A. EEC Dr. Klus of Austria Tabakwerke AG reported at some length about the Austrian Health Ministry's recent conference on ETS. Twenty-one scientists attended. The Health Minister apparently had no preconceived conclusions regarding ETS and, as a result, objectively considered a broad spectrum of information. Dr. Klus reported that several scientists were able to successfully challenge the anti-smoking views expressed at the conference. For example, Professor Adlkofer argued persuasively that an appreciable ETS-related health risk was unlikely given the presence of other environmental risks. Dr. Lehnert reportedly~0 refuted the opinion of Dr. Hanschler, who is the head of theGerman Society on Maximum Threshold Limits in the Workplace, that ETS is~ objectionable at all levels. Dr. Wynder and Dr. Uberla specifically~~ addressed the epidemiologyof ETS, and all but one of the sclentists~ -5-
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT present agreed that the cause of human disease could not be proved by the epidemiological evidence. The conference concluded with the finding that existing science could neither prove nor disprove that any impairment of health is caused by ETS. Although a fairly strong position on the relationship of ETS to health effects in children was adopted, the conference concluded that ETS problems in the home are best solved by health education. The media's response to the conference was generally good. Proceedings of the conference are expected to be published by the Austrian Health Minister soon. In addition to the Austrian conference, two other develop- ments were discussed. First, at the German Indoor Air Symposium held recently at Essen, the industry presented scientific information on ETS, and the data appeared to be accepted favorably. As a result, press reports of the Symposium may have a positive effect in Germany. Second, Helmut Galsch reported that Philip Morris has engaged laboratories in France, Germany and Switzerland to assist the company with indoor air quality testing. Following the EEC presentation, Professor Adlkofer pro- vided the participants with his views, and presumably the views of his colleagues, on the future direction of ETS research. Accord- ing to Adlkofer, the existing science demands that the industry recognize that possible health risks from ETS exist because those risks cannot be disproved. As a result, Adlkofer advocates that research be focused on determining the threshold level of adverse effects from environmental tobacco smoke, and that fewer resources be expended on epidemiological studies. B. ~ITED KINGDOM Andrew Nelmes outlined the UK strategy on ETS. That strategy is made up of three components: (1) challenglngunfounded reports linking ETS and human disease, (2) placing ETS in the proper perspective with regard to overall air quality and (3) disassociating the public's annoyance with ETS from alleged health effects. By this strategy, TAC hopes (1) to create "marketable" science, (2) to deflect criticism of ETS, and (3) to place the industry in the most favorable position posslble. To help achieve these goals and respond to the ISC's Fourth Report, the TAC produced "The Clouded Issue", a publicatlon addressing the first two strategy~ points. TAC is planning to publish additional literature on ETS.~~ "The Clouded Issue II" will advance the vlew that existing science~
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT is not dispositive of smoking and health issues. Also, Dr. Peter Lee is preparing a publication addressing the effect of bias and misclassification in ETS studies. This book is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 1988. A third publication will contain a review of the existing ETS literature. The UK industry is also considering an extension of its "sick building survey." Following the UK presentation, Professor Adlkofer ques- tioned the use of the term "marketable science". Andrew Nelmes defined this term as unflawed scientific studies whose objectives are understandable to laymen and are thus useful in public relations efforts. Professor Adlkofer responded that what Nelmes wanted was good public relations material, not good science. Dr. Boyce stated that the industry's primary, focus should remain on developing good science, and that marketing the results is a secondary considera- tion. Helmut Gaisch expressed his approval for the principle of "marketable science", but felt that the term itself had improper connotations. Adlkofer, who refused to retreat from his original position, maintained that "real" and "basic" science is essential if the industry is to prevail on the ETS issue. C. CANA~ Mr. Dunn reported that the CTMC is working on a number of fronts to address the ETS issue. CTMC is working with TI to develop expert witnesses and review ETS literature. The Canadian industry is also considering the formation of an organization like CIARwith representatives from the tobacco industry, government, and manufacturing and educational groups. The purpose of this organization would be to provide a neutral forum for the devel- opment of effective responses to indoor air pollution issues. In response to a question from Dr. Adlkofer, the Canadian representa- tive affirmed that the organization's focus would be on research. D. UNITED STATES Dr. Thomas Osdene of Phillp Morris reported on behalf of the U.S. industry and outlined the activities of CIAR. .He noted that although the tobacco industry had been active on ETS issues in the past, primarily through TI, a change in focus was required. As a result, Phillp Morris, Lorillard and R.J. Reynolds formed CIAR to facilitate and support new research on indoor air quality generally, not just ETS. Likely topics of CIAR-sponsored research include air quality in airline cabins and in the workplace. In addition to new research, CIAR oversees ongoing research that was once the responsibillty of the ETS Advisory Group. CIAR may also publish a scientific newsletter and/or peer-reviewed journal in - 7 -
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT order to facilitate the dissemination of information obtained. Dr. Osdene stressed that CIAR's independence will be maintained by distancing it from the Tobacco Institute and by encouraging participation by persons outside the industry. After discussing the role of CIAR, Dr. Osdene offered his personal observations on the ETS issue. He reaffirmed the opinion expressed earlier in the discussion that greater consideration must be given to the role science will play in addressing public attitudes toward ETS. Although he called for a closer relationship between scientists and corporate affairs personnel, he disagreed with the concept of "marketable science." D. HONG KONG RESTAURANT SURVEY Don Hoe1 called on Mary Ward of R.J. Reynolds to discuss the results of a recent survey of fifty-one restaurants in Hong Kong. The survey found that the levels of ETS were low, and the results suggest that self-regulation is the best approach to the ETS problem. The results received much news coverage and have been submitted to Environment International for publication. Dr. Judith Mackay, an anti-smoking activist in the Far East, publicly levelled a variety of criticisms at the study, all of which proved to be unfounded. E. INTERNATIONAL TESTING OF AIRLINE CABIN AIR OUALITY Don Hoe1 called on Mary Pottorff of Philip Morris to discuss testing of cabin air quality. Ms. Pottorff reported that data obtained aboard JAL flights were similar to those reported by Dr. Oldaker of R.J. Reynolds in previously published papers. Ms. Pottorff also noted that a paper prepared by Larry Holcomb, which incorporated results from the JALand Lufthansa tests, was recently published in the conference issue of Environmental Technolouv Letters. A feature article on the test results is being planned, and an editor of Freuuent Flyer Maaazine has expressed some in- terest. Ms. Pottorff also disclosed that discussions were underway with SAS to conduct cabin air quality tests in September. TNO Laboratory will conduct the tests for ETS and issue a report. Plans are also being made for a toxicologist, perhaps of Scandi, navian origin, to review the results and express them in layman's terms. Through this undertaking, the industry hopes to show that responsible airlines test cabin air quality before taking the immediate and extreme action of banning smoking on commercial flights. - 8 -
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT Disclosure of these proposed tests generated several comments. Dr. Reif, for example, noted that airlines are often reluctant to test because they know the cause of discomfort is low humidity. The Airline Stewardesses Association, however, favors studies of the low-humidity problem. Dr. Reif also insisted that carbon monoxide be measured. Dr. Stub1 recommended that interna- tional airline passengers associations which publish newsletters be contacted in order to generate support and to obtain an outlet for the results. Helmut Gaisch reiterated the need for published results of unbiased studies that relate discomfort to non-ETS factors. John Lyons of the TI stated that the U.S. Government will soon undertake cabin air quality testing on non-smoking flights, which should provide baseline information. G. JAPAN Dr. Ichinose reported that most of the ETS research in Japan is being undertaken by JTI and the Smoking Research Founda- tion. He also reported that the Kyoto Senbai Hospital is studying the presence of nicotine and cotlnlne in body fluids as markers for exposure to ETS. A representative of this group presented a scientific paper at the Imperial College Conference on Indoor and Ambient Air Quallty. (See "Simultaneous Nicotine and Cotinlne Levels in Plasma and Urine as an Index of Environmental Smoke Uptake" by Itani, Higashi and Shimizu). Rather than report on all the research being undertaken presently in Japan, Dr. Ichinose provided the group with a written summary of current research projects. H. SUMMARY Don Hoe1 summarized this session by noting that the reports demonstrated the need for "marketable research," which he defined as "good science that is communicable to persons who will benefit from it." III. SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIONAND MEDIA OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Don Hoe1 introduced this session by reiterating that the sgientific and publiq affairs elements of the industry must work t~gether if the ETS issue is to be successfully addressed. Only _~hrough cooperation can the industry adequately deal with changes iln public attitude. - 9 -
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PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT A. UNITED STATES John Lyons, of the Tobacco Institute, began his presenta- tion by expressing his approval for the "marketable science" concept. He then outlined the legislative, legal and public relations endeavors of the TI. He described these programs as being merely "holding actions" until science adequately counters the results of the 1986 Surgeon General's Report. That report has emboldened anti-smoking activist in the U.S. and has had a marked effect on the public generally. Presently, 49% of American object to ETS even if it has no effect on health. With regard to ETS, the TI has adopted two primary objectives: (1) to prevent further bans on cigarette smoking and (2) to change adverse public attitudes toward smoking. To achieve these goals, TI has adopted a number of strategies that can be s11mmarized as follows: (1) To oppose all legislative, regulatory, judicial and voluntary efforts that discriminate unfairly against smokers; (2) To encourage scientific research and present research results, while criticizing inferior research; (3) To limit superficial debates regarding ETS, espe- cially in the press; (4) To increase public awareness of indoor air pollution and the need for better ventilation; (s) To demonstrate that the estimated social costs associated with smoking are incorrect; (6) To increase awareness of the extremism and zealotry employed by anti-smoking groups; (7) To demonstrate that smokers expect and are entitled to common courtesy from non-smokers; (8) To promote smokers' rights measures; (9) To demonstrate publicly that overreaction to any annoyance, including smoking, is anti-social; and - i0 -

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