Anne Landman's Collection
Project Status Report
Abstract
Summarizes studies being conducted by CIAR in 1994. One description of the findings of a study on secondhand smoke exposure on the upper airways states, "Findings have indicated that controlled exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke causes symptoms of mucosal irritation and nasal conjestion. Nasal resistance increases, and is associated with a reduction of nasal volume throughout the nasal cavity including the narrowest anterior segment. These findings are apparent with exposure to STS at 15 ppm CO for one hour."
Fields
- Quotes
Findings have indicated that controlled exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke causes symptoms of mucosal irritation and nasal conjestion. Nasal resistance increases, and is associated with a reduction of nasal volume throughout the nasal cavity including the narrowest anterior segment. These findings are apparent with exposure to STS at 15 ppm CO for one hour.
- Author
- Bascom, R.
- Breysse, P.N.
- Burge, H.A.
- Chen, L.C.
- Christianson, L.L.
- Correavillasenor, A.
- Davis, J.K.
- Ford, T.
- Fox, A.
- Frampton, M.W.
- Hedge, A.
- Heymann, P.W.
- Hopke, P.K.
- Hopkins, J.
- Iping, C.
- Joad, J.P.
- Kang, B.C.
- Kleeberger, S.R.
- Larson, S.M.
- Larsson, L.
- Last, J.A.
- Lehrer, S.B.
- Leikauf, G.D.
- Matanoski, G.
- Mcaughey, J.J.
- Orourke, M.K.
- Pinkerton, K.E.
- Plattsmills, Tae
- Postlethwait, E.M.
- Richie, J.P., J.R.
- Rosenkranz, H.S.
- Russell, M.L.
- Ryan, P.B.
- Rylander, R.
- Sauer, H.J.
- Solomon, J.J.
- Willeke, K.
- Yutau, E.
- Zelikoff, J.T.
- Named Organization
- Aerosol Science + Technology
- American Industrial Hygiene Assn Confere
- American Industrial Hygiene Conference +
- American Lung Assn
- American Society for Microbiology
- American Thoracic Society
- American Thoracic Society Intl Conferenc
- Applied + Environmental Microbiology
- Applied Occupational + Environmental Hyg
- Ashrae Technical Comm
- Ashrae, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating + Air-Conditioning Engineers
- Ciar, Center for Indoor Air Research
- Division of Comparative Medicine + Anima
- Dupont
- Genetics of Asthma Group
- Hamby
- Harvard
- Intl Aerosol Conference
- Intl Conference of Aerosol Science + Tec
- Intl Mycological Congress
- Intl Occupational Health Society
- Johns Hopkins Asthma + Allergy Center
- Natl Academics of Science + Engineering
- Nature + Applied Occupational + Environm
- Pi
- Smithkline Beecham Clinical Reference La
- Univ of Fl
- Univ of Il
- Named Person
- Amdur, M.O.
- Bickert, M.A.
- Breysse, P.N.
- Burge, H.A.
- Chen, L.C.
- Cheng, K.H.
- Cheng, T.
- Christianson, L.L.
- Corn, M.
- Dua, S.K.
- Dunnrankin, D.
- E, K.
- Fine, J.M.
- Fitzgerald, T.K.
- Gerahty
- Gordon, T.
- Hamilton, R.G.
- Hopkins, J.
- Iping, C.
- Jenkins, R.
- Kelsen
- Kesavanathan, J.
- Kulp, R.N.
- Lewis, R.D.
- Li, Z.
- Liu, M.
- Lopex, M.
- Mcaughey, J.
- Menon, P.
- Muilenberg, M.
- Musmand, J.
- Nadarajah, J.
- Nadarajah, S.
- Pan, P.M.
- Permutt, T.
- Pritchard, J.
- Qu, Q.
- Ryan, M.
- Sauder, L.
- Schlesinger, R.B.
- Sparks, L.E.
- Spengler, J.D.
- Spooner, C.
- Su, H.J.
- Sweet, T.
- Swift, D.L.
- Trinh, T.
- Ulrich, D.
- Willes, S.
- Wu, C.Y.
- Zhang, J.S.
- Zhivov, A.M.
- O, M.
- Xxcliff
- Xxgeorge
- Xxloreen
- Xxroger
- Type
- REPT, REPORT, OTHER
- BIBL, BIBLIOGRAPHY
- COMP, COMPUTER PRINTOUT
- Litigation
- Iwoh/Produced
Document Images
PROJECT STATUS REPORTS
SEPTEMBER, 1994
PROJECT STATUS REPORTS
SEPTEMBER, 1994
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PROJECT STATUS REPORTS
SEPTEMBER, 1994
PROJECT STATIIS__ REPORTS
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SEPTEMBER, 1994
CENTER FOR INDOOR AIR RESEARCX
1099 Winterson Road
Linthicum, Maryland 21090
(410) 684-3777
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ETS: Nasal Response and Aerosol Deposition Effect
PI: Rebecca Bascom, M.D.
University of Maryland
Department of Medicine
The researchers will use acoustic rhinometry to assess upper respiratory
effects of sidestream smoke, predict alterations in deposition of
secondary pollutants, and characterize the efficacy of a portable room air
cleaner in ameliorating the effects of ETS.
Contract No.
Contract Execution Date
Contract End Date
No Cost Extension
Budget
Budget Amendment
Five month report due
Five month report rec
Site visit (anticipated)
90-30 90-30A 90-30B 90-30C
10/1/90 10/1/91 10/1/92 3/1/94
10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/93 3/1/95
12/31/93
$160,686 $142,029 $156,168 $170,321
3/1/91 3/1/92 3/1/93 8/1/94
4/1/91 2/27/92 4/8/93 9/7/94
Site visit (conducted) Informal visit with Roger Jenkins 9/24/90
Formal visits - 7/15/91, 7/29/92
Ten month report due 8/1/91 8/1/92 ASAP NA
Ten month report rec. 7/22/91 8/3/92 2/1/94, 2/22/94, under
discussion
Continuation approved
Final report due
Final report rec.
STATUS: August 1991
1/1/94 (NA - extended for
fourth year)
3/1/95
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Methods development has proceeded on schedule and has included a revision
of the exposure system, development of the acoustic rhinometry system and
upgrading and streamlining of the posterior rhinomanometry system. The PI
has completed the human challenge studies and has verified and entered all
data on spread sheets. The current statistical analysis is focusing on
three areas: 1) to determine the effect of STS on the upper airway; 2) to
correlate results from acoustic rhinometry with symptoms and posterior
rhinometry; and 3) to analyze models of upper airway physiology using
these data. Statistical analysis should be completed within one month,
with subsequent completion of abstracts and manuscripts.
Findings have indicated that controlled exposure to sidestream tobacco
smoke causes symptoms of mucosal irritation and nasal conjestion. Nasal
resistance increases, and is associated with a reduction of nasal volume
throughout the nasal cavity including the narrowest anterior segment.
These findings are apparent with exposure to STS at 15 ppm CO for one
hour. Further statistical analysis will allow interpretation of results
at lower concentrations of STS, but the average response to STS at lppm
and 5ppm CO is much smaller than the response at 15 ppm CO and there does
not appear to be a dose-response relationship at the lower doses. A range
of symptomatic and physiologic responses was observed between subjects.
Responses appear similar between groups of subjects with and without
history of ETS-sensitivity, although the greatest individual changes were
observed in historically sensitive individuals. Project is on schedule.
JANUARY, 1992
The papers based on the studies in year one are in preparation and will
utilize the new graphics capabilities developed by the investigator.
Completion of the figures are expected soon. The major data analysis has
been completed, but additional analyses are being requested from the
statistician. The final focus of his analysis, nearing completion, is to
describe the validity of the acoustic rhinometry system.
The acoustic rhinometry experiments are proceeding smoothly. The smoke
generation system at Johns Hopkins is now functional and is being plumbed
to the exposure chamber. The Hopkins nasal resistance system is being
tested by the biomedical engineer from U of M. Human challenges are
expected to begin at Hopkins in March. Project is on schedule.
Associated Manuscripts and Abstracts/Presentations
1. "Response to Environmental Tobacco: Dose-Response Studies and the
Effect on Acoustic Rhinometry," R. Bascom, T.K. Fitzgerald, T. Permutt, L.
Sauder, J. Nadarajah, and D.L. Swift, abstract submitted to the American
Thoracic Society / American Lung Association Annual Meeting, May 17-20,
1992, Miami Beach, Florida.
2. "Acoustic Rhinometry as a Tool for Human Inhalation Toxicology
Studies," D.L. Swift, J. Nadarajah, T.K. Fitzgerald, T. Permutt, and R.
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Bascom, abstract submitted to the American Industrial Hygiene Conference
Exposition, May 30-June 5, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts.
SEPTEMBER, 1992
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Acoustic rhinometry (AR) has been used to determine the anatomic changes
responsible for the physiologic response to STS in the upper respiratory
tract. While nasal congestion was demonstrated by posterior
rhinomanometry (NAR) only at the highest concentration of STS (15 ppm CO),
acoustic rhinometry showed significant changes in mid-nasal volume at 1
and 5 ppm CO. The measured minimum nasal airway cross-sectional area by
AR showed changes at all levels of cigarette smoke in a dose dependent
fashion. The measured replicate values of area-distance obtained by AR
were reproducible enough to yield statistically significant changes when
the mean value decrements were as little as 10%. These data suggest that
acoustic rhinometry is a sensitive indicator of the nasal congestive
response to STS.
With regard to determining the effects of ETS exposure on the distribution
and fate of secondary particulate pollutants in the respiratory tract, all
experimental methods have been developed, subject recruitment has been
completed, and challenges have taken place. Nasal aerosol deposition
studies are performed using a polydispersed aerosol of
diethylhexylsebacate. The particles are directed through the nose at a
fixed flow rate while subjects hold their breath for twenty seconds. Air
enters the nose, passes through the nasopharynx, and exists the mouth.
Baseline particles are enumerated for the size range 0.5-7 microns, and
the number and size of particles is again enumerated after exiting through
the mouth. The fractional removal at each size range is calculated.
Naggl particle clearance studies utilize the radioactive aerosol colloidal
Tc m-sulfur in normal saline solution, which is sprayed onto the nasal
mucosa just posterior to the nasal valve. Following this, the subject
places his or her face against a scintillation detector for serial counts
measurements. The analysis of the study results is being completed.
Work in underway to begin assessing the efficacy of commercially available
room air cleaners in reducing the response to ETS in sensitive subjects.
Project is on schedule.
MARCH, 1993
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The PI completed a series of exposure experiments in twelve adult human
subjects, six sensitive and six non-sensitive, in which a one hour
exposure to smoke associated with 15 ppm CO was followed by measurement of
nasal mucociliary clearance for a period of 60 minutes after placement of
a radio-labelled liquid bolus at the anterior nasal turbinate zone.
Comparison of nasal clearance rates with control values in the
non-sensitive individuals showed a marked increase in mucociliary
clearance rate which was particularly evident in the first 15 minutes.
Three sensitive individuals showed similar increases in clearance rate,
while three showed decreased clearance rate. Measurements of the particle
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deposition efficiency of the nasal passage made similarly before and after
the ETS exposure showed no effect despite dimensional changes at the level
of the nasal valve. The PI concludes that this level of ETS can produce
changes in mucociliary clearance rate in non-smoking individuals which can
markedly alter the uptake and fate of inhaled particle and vapors by
changing the residue time of such substances in the nasal airways.
With regard to Aim 3, characterizing the efficacy of a portable room air
cleaner, the PI has been advertising for, screening, and performing
qualifying STS challenges to identify appropriate subjects. She has
performed preliminary interviews on 45 subjects, extended qualifying
interviews on 12 subjects, and smoke challenges on 4 subjects, with an
additional 4 subjects scheduled for mid-April. Project is somewhat behind
schedule.
Associated Manuscripts and Abstracts/Presentations
1. "The Effect of Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Nasal Clearance in
Sensitive and Non-Sensitive Human Subjects," D.L. Swift, S. Nadarajah,
K.H. Cheng, M.A. Bickert, R. Bascom. T.K. Fitzgerald, and T. Permutt,
abstract submitted to the American Industrial Hygiene Conference &
Exposition, May 15-21, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
2. "Sidestream Tobacco Smoke (STS) Alters Regional Nasal Mucociliary
Clearance: Comparison of Sensitive and Nonsensitive Subjects," J.
Nadarajah, R. Bascom. T.K. Fitzgerald, M. Bickert, K. Cheng, T. Permutt
and D. Swift, abstract submitted to the 1993 American Lung Association
/ American Thoracic Society International Conference, May 16-19, 1993,
San Francisco, California.
SEPTEMBER, 1993
With regard to the controlled inhalation challenge studies for Aim #3, the
PI has identified the Dust Free DF 350 (Royse City, Texas) as the most
effective commercially available unit of the units screened by Dr.
Shaughnessy' study. One of these units has been modified to be visually
identical to the functioning unit, and to provide a comparable (+ or -
10%) airflow. With controlled smoke generation, carbon monoxide
concentration was similar with the sham and functioning filter, while
particles were significantly reduced (as expected). Nicotine samples have
been sent for analysis.
At present, the PI has completed five of twelve subjects, and is in the
process of screening challenges for additional subjects. She anticipates
completeing challenge studies by mid November and then commencing with
data analysis and report preparation. PI has been appproved for a three
month no cost extension through 12/31/93.
Associated Manuscripts and Abstracts/Presentations
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