Tobacco Documents Online

1776 K STREET, NORTHWEST, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20006 •(202) 457-4800 VOLUME'RVO, NUMBER ONE, FEBRUARY 1977 Copyrigh~ © 19'/7 The TuN:co InsUWte. Inc. AII n¢hts merved, Thousands Urge Equal Rights for Airplane Smokers WASHINGTON, D. C.- In what is believed to be an unprecedented action by an industry for its customers, The Tobacco Institute has delivered peti- tions signed by 132,330 people urging comparable accommodations for smok- ers and nonsmokers aboard the nation's commercial aircraft to the U. S. Civil Aeronautics Board. That board currently is considering a petition filed by an anti-smoking group urging it to ban cigar and pipe smoking aboard airplanes. Kornegay addresses the press. In debating that request, CAB also asked for comment on possibly ban- ning all smoking aboard commercial aircraft. But it added that it wants to consider what it called "the issue of discrimination." More than 26,000 persons have written to the board. Many ofthem have urged some sort of prohibition in a widespread campaign spurred by anti- smoking organizations. "Many more citizens, smokers and nonsmokers, do not want the rights of smokers further restricted," says Horace R. Kornegay, TI President. The petition drive was undertaken by temporary workers in 50 major airports over several days after Christmas. The petition reads: "The undersigned believe that each smoking and non- smoking passenger deserves equal comfort, service, freedom from engine noise and access to exits and that this can best be achieved by separately seating smokers and nonsmokers across the aisles from each other." Why across-the-aisle seating? The Federal Aviation Administra- tion says that aircraft air circulation is from top to bottom. Thus, smoke sep- aration is as efficient with aisle divi- sion as it is with fore-and-aft division. News Conference Kornegay explained at a news con- ference at The Institute's office on Jan. 21 that "smokers forced to sit in the noisy rear section of planes are always the last to get off and the last to be served." More than 132,000 people told CAB they don't like the "rear-of-the-bus syndrome" in America, 1977. In a statement to CAB to accompany the petitions, Komegay said: "This dramatic response of airline passen- gers to the petition drive belies the suggestion . . . that a substantial pro- portion of ordinary airline passengers support further restrictions on smok- ing . . . The views of that minority, however sincere, should not outweigh the legitimate rights and interests of the great number of airline passengers who enjoy or do not object to smoking: ' Kornegay told the news media he believes that this petition effort is without precedent in terms of public and business response to government regulation. "We hope that there will be agree- ment that whatever social questions arise in public transportation or else- where with respect to individual deci- sion about smoking, government prohibition is not an answer." Airport Totals Among travelers backing the "equal rights for smokers" drive, 5,080 signed in Atlanta; 3,685, Chicago and 5,790, Dallas-Fort Worth. Also, 2,864 in Detroit; 14,088, Los Angeles, the largest response; 4,852, Miami and 5,335, Norfolk. Also, 5,024 in Philadelphia; 4,570, Phoenix, 6,788, St. Louis and 7,662 Cont. on Pg. 6 Joan Shugoll, presenting The Tobacco Institute petition, gets supportfromRobert P. Schafer (right) andA. Warren Adam, both ofRockford, Ill. ..i, t - +4.^L; I • ... . ke e a :T . . {('}~,~~_ ~~~_a -,.tl1t{f.0 .. K.~ 2 skf ~ ffZI4:EtIIj i ""~s~'r '~` ~ i11tt3![.~.;_ t~akiand (~ ~ '~f" ~ (3strol~"~` • iTn mt~oa 0. ~ .;.. , - CtQ ~ t~a t. I rf V Oll ~t k' 5,335 ~ N ek ~ SanOlc o a. louts9 ~ ~~ . ~ 6? 88 ~ pqq 2' ~. ~ISb Milwau.kc , l,l'+8_ Kennedy ~.tzt 1003862169

"Cancer Atlas" Posing Questions About Lung Cancer Risk Factors is lung cancer a Southern disease? Does it have anything to do with the location of petroleum, chemical and transportation industries? Does living near wetland areas in- crease the risk of lung cancer? These questions have been posed by research work stemming from the care- ful, extensive U. S.. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's "At- las of Cancer Mortality for U. S. Coun- ties: 1950-1969." The study tabulates deaths for whites from 35 different types of cancer occur- ring in all 3,056 counties in the contigu- ous 48 states between 1950 and 1969. When it was released in 1975, "Newsweek" magazine said: "One ma- jor surprise ... was the finding that the greatest mortality from lung cancer was not restricted to urban areas where cig- arette smoking and exposure to air pol- lution are heaviest " The National Cancer Institute sci- entists who formulated the study still believe that cigarette smoking is impli- cated in the lung cancer death rate. But Dr. Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr., one of the five NCI scientists involved, told in Minnesota, higher than the 101.4 in Louisiana, according to figures pro- ~ - % vided by the Tobacco Tax Council, Inc. ` A similar trend is evident for other ~ ' T states: Nebraska, with the second most counties in the low 100, had 1959 per ~ capita sales of 107.2, higher than sales ` rates in "high" cancer county states of _ s ` Georgia (91.3), Mississippi (80.0) and Louisiana. County-by-county breakdowns of _aa -• smotcutg rates are not now avauaote. Nonwhites: Lung Cancer High in Northern Cities National Cancer Institute scientists recently issued a similar Atlas, detail- ing cancer death rate patterns over the 20-year-period for nonwhites. Nonwhites had high rates of lung cancer in northern urban areas. Their rates of lung cancerwere much less pronounced than white males in the cluster along the Gulf and Southeast Atlantic coasts. The New York Times commented that this leads to speculation that "ra- cial discrimination, which had pre- vented blacks from getting jobs in chemical factories i`ri""those areas, had also accidentally spared them from illness." NCI scientists say the nonwhite study "further supports a relationship between environmental factors and cancer risks." The top 100 lung cancer counties-1950-1969-are shaded. "Newsweek" that "something else is ` ' going on: ' =T One of the purposes of the massive The paper, by William J. Blot and --Atlasisto-ttetp scientists identify fac- --Fraumeni, called "Geographic Patterns iors, now unknown, contributing to in- of Lung Cancer: Industrial Correla- creased risk of a particular type of tions," was published in 1976 in the cancer. "American Journal of Epidemiology." Four research efforts since publica- It urged that the findings "should be tion of the Atlas do just that. considered as etiologic leads, which (1) Two of the five scientists involved need to be pursued by analytical studies with the original study analyzed lung of cancer risk in the workplace and and other cancers among males in the community." 139 counties where chemical industries (3) The Atlas found especially high are most highly concentrated. They rates of lung cancer along the Gulf found "excess rates" for lung, bladder, Coast, especially in Louisiana. It urged liver and certain other cancers in these further study to determine "the envi- counties. ronmental and demographic factors "For lung cancer, positive gradients contributing to the increased risk of were associated with the manufacturing lungcancer in these predominantly rural ofindustrialgases,pharmaceutical prep- and port areas." arations, soaps and detergents, paints, One such follow up, done by scien- inorganic pigments, and synthetic rub- tists at Louisiana State University Med- ber," the report said. Written by Drs. ical Center and published last year by Robert' Hoover and Fraumeni, it was the Federation of the American So- published in "Environmental Re- cieties for Experimental Biology, sug- search" in 1975. gested living near wetlands as a risk The report's discussion says: "Of factor for lung cancer. particular concern is cigarette smoking, "According to a geographical analysis which is associated with cancers of the of cigarette consumption, the associa- lung, bladder, and other sites (Ham- tion between male respiratory cancer mond, 1966). If smoking were more and wetlands is unlikely to be due to prominent in the CIC (chemical-indus- an unusual amount of smoking in this try counties), one would expect lung area," the scientists said. cancerexcessesinbothmenandwomen (4) The Tobacco Observer plotted residents. The restriction of the excess the 100 highest counties by score for lung cancer risk to men in this study lung cancer death rates (shown on map), suggests an occupational factor, as does and determined the 100 lowest. themale-limitedexcessoflivercancer." This was done using the NCI raw (2) A study by two of the five scien- data upon which the Atlas was based. tists involved in the Atlas preparation Eighty-nine of the 100 highest can be revealed excess rates of lung cancer considered counties in Southe n states mortality in counties "where paper, (Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, Virginia, chemical, petroleum, and transportation Maryland, Texas, Alabama, Missis- industries are located ° sippi, West Virginia, South Carolina, I 2 TheTobaccoObserver pears that the major coronary risk fac- tors, including diet, do not account for a large part of the increase. The study was published in Septem- ber 1976 in the "American Journal of Epidemiology: " Other studies, including a major American Heart Association mono- graph edited by Ancel Keys, Ph.D., show that Japanese men are heavy smokers and "have tended to be heavy smokers for many decades. The Japa- nese smoke cigarettes made of Ameri- can, 'Virginia' type tobacco," he says, and are heavier smokers than American men. Concerning lung cancer, most recent American Cancer Society figures show Japanese men with a rate of 16.12 per 100,000, approximately one-third the incidence of lung cancer among Ameri- can men. 1003862170 Kentucky, Tennessee). Twenty-seven of the 100 highest counties are in Louisiana, the most counties in a "high" state. Out of the lowest 100, 14 of the counties are in Minnesota, the most in a "low" state. In 1959, midway in the study period, the per capita sales (packs) was 107.3 Study Hypothesizes Less Heart Disease Risk in Stress-Reducing Culture Japan has the lowest mortality rate from coronary heart disease (CHD) of any industrialized country. America has one of the highest rates. Two epidemiologists, Drs.'Michael G. Marmot and S. Leonard Syme, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, studying this dif- ference, have shown that other factors, independent of the so-called major cor- onary risk factors, including smoking, play important roles in the development of C H D. The scientists hypothesize that tra- ditional Japanese culture may be stress- reducing "and may play a role in pro- tecting the Japanese from CHD ° The scientists studied Japanese peo- ple who moved to America. Among this population there is an increase in coro- nary disease rates compared to rates in Japan. But the study concluded that it ap-

Commentazy- "I am totally convinced that until smoking is considered a crime, those who do not smoke will continue to suf- fer unjustly." Monica Anderson Letter to the Editor The Charleston Gazette 8/24/76 * ~ * "The (Hart-Kennedy) BILL has made the following statement relative to heart disease: 'cigarette smoking is one of the principal contributors to the high incidence of ... diseases of the heart . . . _ - . "The above statement is unproven, incompatible with much of the avail- able scientific information, and in flat contradiction with the results of nu- merous important studies." (Author's emphasis.) Dr. Carl SeltZer Senior Research Associate Harvard University School of Public Health Statement submitted at Congressional Subcommittee on Health 5176 "One day the advent of low 'tar' ciga- rettes will be viewed in the same light as the introduction of filter cigarettes in the early and middle 1950s. Filters radically changed the brand preferences of American smokers and the history of our industry. When filters were first in- troduced in this country, some manu- facturers though they were a fad which would never last, but the number of low 'tar' entries is clear evidence that no one is making that mistake with this category: ' William D. Hobbs Chairman, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Quoted by United Press International 12/27 "No one has identified disease-pro- ducing components in tobacco smoke in significant amounts or forms available to the human body. 'Tar' is something produced in a laboratory and not some- thing in cigarette smoke to which hu- mans are exposed. Human beings do not smoke 'tar' and laboratory reports on'tar' yields have not been established as significant to human health." Dr. Ronald Okun Director of Clinical Pharmacology Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Statement submitted at Congressional Subcommittee on Health 5/76 _ * * ~k "Smoking and sex should be done in _ private, only by consenting adults." Norma Ricone organizer, Tucson, Ariz., GASP Quoted in: The Tucson Daily Citizen Mag- azine 11127176 In Arizona Capital - y, Lawmakers Balk at Smoking Bans PHOENIX, Ariz.-Legislators here in the first state to enact prohibitions against smoking in public places at the insistence of anti-smokers say they are t3red of the incessant efforts of a tiny minority to broaden this legislation. "I've come full circle on this," says Rep. Thomas N. Goodman, House Appropriations Committee chairman. "I was in favor of the 1973 legislation. Now I realize these people won't stop." Laws now three and four years old prohibit smoking in elevators, libraries, theaters, buses, concert halls and museums. Advocates of those bans said that was all they desired. It wasn't. In 1974, they made an unsuccessful effort to add: -Beauty parlors. -Intrastate airplane and railroad passe nger areas. -Sales areas of any food, drug or department store. -Waiting lines, at the Motor Vehicle Offices, for instance. -Dining areas in any hotel, restau- rant, cafe, cafeteria or theater cafe. In 1975, they were successful in adding physicians' waiting rooms to the prohibited list. Last year, led again by Mrs. Betty Carnes, nationally known originator of the "Thank You For Not Smoking" -1973 Headline campaign, they tried for a wide variety of smoking bans. They lost. Annoyed legislators, fed up with Mrs. Carnes' annual lobbying, posted "Thank You For Not Talking" signs on their desks. The push to spread the ban to grocery and retail stores failed partially because associations of these businessmen set up a volunteer program to ask people, by use of signs, to be courteous and to extinguish their tobacco products while in their stores. "People exercising common cour- tesy in their dealing with others is a much more effective way to solve this problem than passing an unenforceable law," says H. C. (Mac) Dorsey, spokes- man for the associations. "We don't want to have to arrest our customers." Program Working The verdict is in on the program: It's a success, a large group of retailers is telling the legislature. Rep. Diane McCarthy, a nonsmoker, chairman of the House Health Com- mittee, held hearings to ascertain that. She says Mrs. Cames' ideas are both "unnecessary and unenforceable, un- less we want a cop in every store." "You can't legislate courtesy by enacting a no smoking bill," she says. "There would be wide resentment of a Iaw, a delight in breaking it. This vol- unteer program appeals to people's sense of manners." Rep. McCarthy is convinced that the anti-smoking activists who make the trek to the state capitol each year "want to do away with smoking." She is supported in that belief by the Phoenix Gazette, a newspaper which has backed the anti-smokers. It stated, in a bit of euphoria: "Ari- zona's antismoke brigade has won another round in the three-year battle to drive tobacco puffers from public places." The theory that morality cannot be legislated is strongly supported by no less an expert than Monsignor Richard O'Keefe, a church representative at the legislature. Another legislator who has observed the persistent anti-tobacco lobbying efforts, and is dismayed by them, is former State Sen. Stephen A. Davis. "There are more than just a few legislators who are now convinced that the only end result acceptable to these ardent and passionate cam- paigners is a total ban on smoking, except in the privacy of your own home or automobile," he says. In 1976 they were back "once more with the same old song and dance that this is the last time." Sen. Tim Moore says his pregnant wife was threatened with arrest for smoking, a potentially traumatic event, even though it was not in a prohibited area. "These zealots-they've gone too far," he says. Rep. Larry Hawke is "not sure that the anti-smoking activists are at all concerned about making any problems better, but are only interested in at- tacking the smoking public." ' Rep. Diane McCarthy Occurring Elsewhere What happened first in Arizona is occurring in other states, including the excesses. For instance, a New York legislator wanted to divide space in every race track, ball park, restaurant and other entertainment area in half- for smokers and nonsmokers. And in Maryland, a legislator this year is pushing for smoking and nonsmoking polling booths. These lawmakers have not heeded the editorial wisdom of the Phoenix Republic: "Even more foreboding, the anti-smoking activists have begun to adopt Prohibitionist tactics, harass- ing people who smoke in such public places as airport terminals and super- markets. "They haven't produced a Carry Nation to wreck cigarette counters, but we fear the worst. "They're not demanding an outright ban on smoking; not yet. Their strategy is, one step at a time." The Tobacco Observer 3 1043852171

'Editorial8 Anti-Tobacco Groups Aim for Prohibition Prohibition. That's exactly what the current crop of anti-tobacco activists want. They want tobacco products to be illegal. They would like jail terms for those who enjoy these products. They want tobacco to be extinct. Theyjust won't admit it. But their actions are sufficient. Item: Spokespeople for vocal anti- tobacco groups such as Group Against Smokers' Pollution (GASP) tell the press that smoking should be a crime in any public place; that it should only be allowed in the privacy- of one's home. Item: The current zealous drive to ban smoking aboard all commercial aircraft. Action on Smoking & Health (ASH) has an alternative should that not succeed-prohibit smoking if one person on any flight complains. Item: Efforts to levy astronomical tax excises on the cigarette brands that distaste for that would bring scorn yielding higher "tar" levels, admittedly upon them for their aim to prohibit to drive them off the market. These are tobacco use. occurring both in the state and national Rather these activists plan to take p,o_litical forums, , d.espite a-Jack._of _ one step at a time in their effort to out- scientific proof that "tar" levels are in law smoking. any way linked to human diseases. Item: The American Cancer So- ciety's recently announced five-year plan for propagandization against tobacco use. ACS plans to spend millions in this broadside. "l would predict that we will be look- ing very carefully at the Prohibition- Quote of `The Ob,5er''ver "Not too long ago the Russians moved to unpollute the air in their nation's capital. Moscow's municipal council, upon recom.nendation from their minister of health, passed a law that made smoking in its 120 restau- rants illegal. And do you know how they're going to enforce it? It's really rather simple-if you light ttp, you don't get fed. Start ftalfivay through the meal, then you're asked to leave and your table is cleared. If you start a ruckus . . they've always had laws against that. "Perhaps the upcoming legislature might want to consider the Moscow plan when the public smoking problem comes up again." KIRO Editorial Seattle, Wash. 12/11/76 or the attempt to prohibit-all cigarette advertising in this country, except for brands below the 50 percent sales- weighted average of the previous year," said Allan Jonas, chairman of the ACS Task Force on Smoking and Health, at a recent press conference. Item: The American Lung Associa- tion's hope to enhance its image by sharpening its expensive attack on tobacco and smokers. Item: The torrent of legislation in- troduced in states and local jurisdic- tions calling for Prohibition of smoking in some public places. _ The extreme methods of the avowed tobacco foes makes it difficult for them to hide their ultimate aim. But they won't readily say that they are seeking Prohibition. They realize that too many people remember the Prohibition of alcohol, and the criminal chaos which resulted, and they know History proves this: Every time the activists win a small battle, they al- ways return for further Prohibition, despite repeated protestations, when they were fighting for the legislation, that that was all they desired. Prohibition. Why don't they admit it? ^Imagine ... suggesting that Ameri- cans follow Moscow's example and lead off to the Communist equivalent of the gas chambers all who would violate the Russian rules on public smoking. Take the food away, take the table away, take the people away. "We have a voluntary compliance agreement. While the interest or de- mand is minimal, the plan is working. "It is better than waiters, waitresses, patrons, policemen, or firemen arrest- ing our fellow citizens and is de- mocracy in spirit. Perish the thought that the state legislature would adopt a "Made in Moscow" solution to anything. "P.S. You would have loved Hitler's plan: Turn in your neighbor and get a big reward!" John F. Gordon RESPONSE: Executive Vice President "Well, Comrade, you really sur- Washington Restaurant Association prised me with this one. 12/14/76 The 13th of Nov. 1 was just 74 years old. I own several famis here in Ohio that were paid for from growing and selling burley tobacco; my first little crop was grown and sold by me at age 14, my very own. This year I have over 12 acres, set it out myself with my wife and daughter, hired help to hand it and extra help to strip it. I smoked cigarettes-made my own- years ago. I now smoke mostly cigars and in between I chew, and use snuff. I have all my teeth, never had any heart trouble or cancer or been cut and put back together. Must bring this to an end-as I'm going to the stripping room. , Dwight Marksberry Felicity, Ohio I think your publication is filling a void that has long existed. The American public deserves to hear the Industry's version of this issue. They are not obtaining it from the news media. Carl Bogle President Lamar Dean Outdoor Advertising Co. Raleigh, North Carolina We at the Tobacco Workers International Union are very happy with the publication. It is filling a long-time need. Rene Rondou President ' Tobacco Workers International Union, AFL-CIO Washington, D. C. I have enjoyed very much the first two issues. They are most informative. The car- toons are great. Robert L. Williamson Director National Tobacco-Textile Museum . ... .;..Danville, Va. - . I'm very concerned about the manner in which tobacco has been made a 'whipping boy' and was pleased to hear of your publication. . Alan P. Baker Radio Station WLBN - Springfield, Ky. I enjoy your new publication. It is very attractive and interesting, the articles are newsworthy and informative. Molly B. Grogan Management Information Librarian R. J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. Winston-Salem, N.C. - This is a publication that deserves a well- done from smokers and non-smokers. Carl Williams Public Affairs Director RBIR-TV Knoxville, Tenn. s. Write on! Write on! - Ms. Mary Anne Markley _ Carrollton, Tex. Congratulations to you on your fine writeup of our club (Tin Container Collec- tors Association), which was very well done and we appreciate it. We will gather in July in Allentown, Pa., for our second annual canvention. Clark Secrest P.O. Box 4555 . Denver, Colo. The general public is just about fed up with the righteous indignation of the activist non-smokers. It is certainly sad that if you ' say something loud enough and long enough, right or wrong, our bureaucratic lawmakers, . in an effort to get votes, will blindly listen. C. Lee Davis IH Sales Supervisor Old Dominion Tobacco Co. Norfolk, Va - I think it is great. Keep up the good work. - - John M. J. Holliday .. , . Pee Dee Farms Corp. Galivants Ferry, S.C. I was very much impressed with your paper. ,. r, 4- ~. -. J. R. Sydnor . `: Huntington, W.Va. It is evident from that article (about Min- nesota's no smoking law) that a lack ofcon- crete information about this law ... has forced you to reply to the situation with innuendo, distorted facts and speculation. ..... . . . ; Alan Wass -. -~~ Coordinator, . Smoking Deterrence _ & Non-Smokers' Rights biianesota Lung P ssociation I like and agree (in) the strong future of the tobacco industry. . ' , Roger Dickerson, Jr. - Whiteville, N.C. We are in the process of forming a club and are actively searching for new members interested in collecting cigarette packs and tins. The list of cigarette brands manufac- tured over the years includes many interest- ing and colorful names from Alligator to Zipper. Richard Elliott 3IIunham Street Winchester, Mass. 01890

C, 'Only Littlest Angel for Research' "With all the other expenses . . :" ... only two cents for research." Seals Take A Licking, Dwyer Says How much of your dollar spent for a sheet of "Christmas Seals" goes for research? The American Lung Association and its 250 constituent associations- the "Christmas Seal" people-spend one stamp out of a sheet of 54 for re- search, according to data in ALA's Annual Report 1974-75. Total expenditures for Fiscal Year 1973-74 were $44,600,616, the report, the latest available, says. As Bill Dwyer, assistant to the presi- dent of The Tobacco Institute, so dy- namically demonstrates here with his "Stamp Act," the breakdown on how your "Christmas Seal" dollar is spent is: • Salaries and fringe benefits for employes, $19,863,523 or 44.5¢ of the dol lar. • Fund raising, $11,412,296, 25.6¢ of the dollar. • Phone, mail and rent, $2,662,987, 5.9¢ of the dollar. • Travel and meeting expenses, $2,442,667, 5.5g of the dollar. • Other expenses, including equip- ment, printing and supplies, $7,364,- 902, 16.5¢ of the dollar. Leaving 1.90 of the dollar, $854,241, spent on research awards and grants. That's about one stamp-the littlest angel Bill is holding-for research, 53 stamps for the rest. Maryland Restaurant Finds Few Desire Its No Smoking Section SILVER SPRING, Md.-The Blair Mansion Inn here is a genteel reminder of gracious dining in the South's tradi- tion of hospitality. Designed by famed New York archi- tect Stanford White, it contains excep- tional antiques, including a piano which was in the White House. Its owners have taken great care, however, to make sure that their Inn is for family dining. Blair Mansion last year began widely promoting that it had set off one of its eight rooms as a nonsmoking area. A television feature was done about this. Newspapers reported it. The Inn advertised it. The response: "We've given it a good shake," says Robert Zeender, co- owner. "Few people use it." Zeender told the Montgomery County Council, during a hearing on a proposal to require that restaurants set up such a section, that less than one- half of one percent of his customers re- quest it. He told The Tobacco Observer that since that testimony last year, the per- centage has dropped even lower. Zeender intends to maintain the sec- tion because he has a large inn, seating 300. But he has had occasions when the restaurant has been full-except the no smoking area-while people were also waiting for tables. "If I only had 100 seats, I would be in big trouble, if it was legislated that I had to have so many seats nonsmok- ing," he says. Zeender thinks it's "not fair for the man in business to have to be the ac- cuser, the prosecutor, thejudge and the jury" in patrolling no smoking areas. "It's just a vocal minority pushing for this," he says. "I'm worried about where it stops. Perhaps I won't be able to serve fish in a certain room soon be- cause they don't like the smell." No smoking sections-only if a res- tauranteur wants them-Zeender says. Tobacco Seeds Are Small There are approximately 314,000 to- bacco seeds in an ounce. One table- spoonful is enough to plant three acres of land-and there are four tablespoons- ful to the ounce. The tobacco seed in- creases its weight 20 million times in about five months-from germination to four pound plant at harvest. The Tobacco Observer 5

Tobacco Support Program Economical, Successful By C. N. (Kirk) Wayne Jr. Vice President, Tobacco Associates A most misunderstood, misinter- preted program is the U. S. govem- ment's price support plan for tobacco farmers. Because of unfair and erroneous statements about it, the program is con- sistently mentioned by opponents of tobacco who claim it is a subsidy to cigarette manufacturers. It is not. What the price support system does is stabilize tobacco prices for farm- ers so that they can get a reasonable re- turn on their investments. It mandates quotas limiting the poundage a farmer can sell or the acreage he can use for tobacco growing. Without such a support system, to- bacco-at least for awhile-probably would be grown in such volume as to make its price ruinously cheap for farmers. Then prices would most likely wildly fluctuate, providing little security for the average tobacco farmer. Minimum Price The minimum price tobacco can be sold at is determined each year by the Secretary of Agriculture based on the prices paid by farmers for goods and services. Prices at which tobacco is sold depends upon demand both do- mestic and,foreign. ' Tobacco Associates is a nonprofit corporation organized in 1947 by tobacco farmers to promote and expand world markets for U. S: produced flue-cured tobacco. Mr. Wayne travels extensively for the export promotion programs of To- bacco Associates. Any tobacco which doesn't bring the guaranteed price at the auction ware- house floor is delivered to producers' cooperatives. They in tum advance the support price to the grower. Money to make these advances is loaned to the cooperatives by the U. S. Department of Agriculture through its Commodity Credit Corp. Tobacco is the collateral. It is processed, stored and sold later when demand is higher. It can be stored for up to ten years without significant financial loss due to deterioration. As the collateral securing the loan for each year's crop is sold, the proceeds are used to repay Commodity Credit Cor- poration for the loan, plus interest. Cost of the price support program for tobacco has been minimal compared to the cost of all farm commodity price support agricultural operations. In all collateral sales to date, the un- paid principal charged off as program losses totals only $57 million. More than half of this loss was on the loans for only two years' crops. Total cost has been about 0.12 per- cent of the amount ofall farm commod- ity price support operations incurred by the U.S.D.A. since the inception of price support programs 43 years ago. _ Thus, the tobacco price support pro- gram is one of the least expensive and most successful of the farm commodity programs. Stab il izing th e price of tobacco means that when a farmer goes to a bank to borrow money to plant it, the bank can lend with confidence knowing that the tobacco will sell for a guaranteed price. The price support system also is used as leverage to keep the quality of U. S. tobacco high. As a condition of price support, farmers are made to eliminate undesired insecticides, so that U. S. tobacco now has the lowest levels of residue of any major tobacco-growing nation. Petitions Cont. from Pg. 1 in the two Washington, D. C., airports. The signature gatherers heard re- peatedly: "It's about time: ' "We're going to continue to speak up," Kornegay says. Currently, airlines are under four- year-old CAB regulations which man- date that they separate smokers and nonsmokers. They don't have to put smokers in the rear, but almost all do. "An airplane is the best ventilated container in which people exist," Komegay says. A CAB spokesman told The New York Times that it would be a matter of months before any decision is reached. He said CAB would seek additional comment if it decides to ban all smok- ing. Apparently it also would if it de- cides to mandate a particular seat arrangement. The Tobacco Observer presents information and comment on public events of interest to the tobacco industry. It recognizes that there is diversity of opinion about tobacco use and that charges against tobacco are widely publicized while tess attention is given to differing. views, which are included in our columns. Its aim is to aid full, free and informed discussion in the public interest, in the conviction that the smoking and health contro- versy must be resolved by scientific research. Published by The Tobacco Institute Horace R. Kornegay, President Paul Knopick, Editor George Yenowine, Circulation Director Chesapeake waters allowed large merchant vessels to dock at plantation grounds. tQ. "It must have been an inspiring sight in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen- turies to watch from Cape Henry a tobacco convoy file out ofChesapeake Bay between the sandy forelatd and Middle Ground Shoal and spread its canvas to the prevailing westerlies. No- where else in the British Empire could an observersee a more impressive dem- onstration of the maritime nature of the old colonial system. Here, stretching out before him, was a vast, richly laden fleet of one hundred and fifty or two hundred ships bound for England with tire annual produce of two of her most prosperous colonies. Here, indeed, was the embodiment of the maritime inter- course between colonies and tfte mother country upon which ti:e economic struc- ture of'the Empire'rested." Tobacco. It was the most important product of the colonies and without it there would not have been an America. The above quote is from "Tobacco Coast," written by Arthur Pierce Mid- dleton, Ph.D., and published by The Mariners Museum in 1953. Tobacco Coast is appropriate nomen- clature for the Chesapeake Bay colonies ofMaryland and Virginia. The Virginia colony languished dur- ing its early years, Middleton writes, until "the Jamestown settlers stumbled upon acommodity that proved econom- ically feasible." Tobacco. "Becoming the rage almost ovemight, tobacco captivated the colonists' imagi- nation like precious metal duringagold rush," Middleton writes. °They planted it in every available clearing, including the fort and streets ofJamestown." "1ts (tobacco's) phenomenal rise is one of the most remarkable aspects of our colonial history. I mports of colonial tobacco into England increased from 60,000 pounds in 1622 to 500,000 pounds in 1628 and 1,500,000 pounds in 1639. "By the end of the seventeenth cen- tury tobacco production in Virginia and Maryland exceeded 20,000,000 pounds a year, and in 1775 it exceeded 100; 000,000 pounds. In the latter year it represented over 75 percent of the total value of commodities exported from the Chesapeake colonies and was worth about $4,000,000," Middleton writes. There were propitious omens for to- bacco in the new colonies. The soil proved suitable; natural waterways of the Chesapeake and its tributaries al- lowed ocean-going vessels easy access to tobacco plantations many miles in- land, and tobacco became fashionable in England. But even then, according to Middle- ton, the tobacco trade was "almost buried under a weight of financial im- positions." Duty on tobacco provided consid- emble sums to the royal treasury and "provided the colonial govemments of Virginia and Maryland with one of their principal sources of revenue." 6 TheTobaccoObserver 10038623'74

Cancer and the Workplace Focus of Federal Attention ~nquw ~ An agency of the federal government has begun a multi-million dollar pro- gram to study cancer in the workplace, including possible high risks of lung cancer to workers. The agency is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In its report on the program, NIOSH says: "Most known environ- mental carcinogens [substances which produce or incite cancer] are a result of our increased agricultural and industrial technology." "It must be concluded that the bulk of human exposure to high concentra- tions of chemical carcinogens and radi- ation will occur at the workplace." Among the industries being studied for high risk of lung cancer are the: • Printing Trade. Possible toxic agents in press room operations, in- cluding high ink moisture exposure hydrocarbons that are closely related to which contains carbon black and min- coke oven emissions which have been eral oils, are suspected of causing associated with excess risk of lung can- cancer. cer," NIOSH says. This particular study received na- tionwide publicity after two large Chi- cago newspapers refused N IOSH entry into their printing plants, and The New York Times and The New York Daily News also opposed plant inspections. It is conducted in conjunction with the Environmental Science Laboratory at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, which has been involved in its own multi-million dollar study with the American Cancer Society of occupa- tional and general exposure to chemical • Antimony Smelting. "Recent infor- mation from England indicates an in- creased risk from lung cancer for anti- mony smelting workers," the report says. • Bis-chlorontethyl ether (BCME) Production. "BCME is a potent lung carcinogen," NIOSH says. "The pos- sibility of BCME formation from the reaction of formaldehyde and ionic chloride compounds in selected work environments" will be studied. and physical agents that may play a role Other possible carcinogens to be ex- in causing canger. amined include talc, pesticide formula- • Coa! Gasification. These °proc- tions, industrial tars, smelter dusts and esses involve many of the polycyclic arsenic. National Advisory Commission Warning: Cigarette Tax Hikes Will Spur Increased Bootlegging A national advisory commission has It estimates a $390 million tax loss a felony to transport contraband ciga- warned high cigarette tax states that each year to high tax states, because rettes in interstate commerce. further increases in taxes will "widen cigarettes are brought across state lines tax rate disparities and create profitable and sold without paying that state's opportunities for organized crime in- taxes. The study claims that cigarette volvement in cigarette smuggling." bootlegging is a major source of reve- The Advisory Commission on Inter- nue for organized crime. It has "dealt a governmental Relations (ACIR), a per- damaging blow to the legitimate tobacco manent commission created by Con- industry" in some areas, with many gress to monitor intergovernmental re- wholesale and retail jobs lost. lations, held hearings in Washington, William A. O'Flaherty, president, D.C..onthecigarettebootleggingprob- Tobacco Tax Council, in his testimony lem recently. urged states to lower high tax rates. "Basic cause of cigarette smuggling," "If the profit motive for organized an ACIR study concluded, " is the dis- crime was removed by reducing the parity in state tax rates, which range cigarette tax rates, the problem would from 2 cents in North Carolina, to 21 solve itself," he said. cents in Massachusetts and Connecti- ACIR also recommended that: cut, and 23 cents in New York City." • Congress pass legislation making it • States consider action to reduce the disparity in cigarette tax rates. • States with majorbootlegging prob- lems examine strengthening enforce- ment efforts and penalties. • High and low tax states agree to report unusually large cigarette pur- chases apparently intended for illegal sale. • Public information programs be de- veloped to aid enforcement of cigarette tax laws. • Current exemption of state and local sales taxes on military sales be removed. Workers in 15 occupations not pre- viously found at high risk can be added to 18 others who face greater risks of developing lung cancer, according to University of Southern California School of Medicine researchers. "Many investigators have associated lung cancer with occupational expo- sure," they say. The U.S.C. scientists studied data on nearly 4,000 white males in Los Ange- les County. Their work was published in the December 1976 issue of "Joumal of Occupational Medicine." Industry groups found at a high risk included roofers, dental lab technicians, electricians, janitors and workers in the dairy, leather, food and drink, bakery and auto repair industries. Previously identified high risk groups, among others, are asbestos workers, pressmen, plasterers, cooks, painters and plumbers, the researchers say. They found 16 occupations with low risk of lung cancer, including: stock brokers, teachers, dentists, sales man- agers and judges. "Most of the occupational and indus- trial groups found to be at greater risk to lung cancer in Los Angeles County had exposure to asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH), or both," the scientists say. "The pattern of these Los Angeles data, their consistency with earlier re- ports of excess lung cancer risks on cer- tain occupational groups ... and their consistency with reports of other occu- pational diseases related to airborne agents(skin cancer, silicosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, bronchitis), suggest that the data may be generally indica- tive of the impact of occupational expo- sure on lung cancer rates." Congress Receives Anti-Tobacco Bills Five of nine bills introduced so far in Congress which might be considered "anti-tobacco" legislation are Rep. Robert F. Drinan's (D-Mass.). One measure is identical to last year's unsuccessful Hart-Kennedy Amend- ment to the Tax Reform Act of 1976. It seeks to establish five tax brackets for cigarettes, based on "tar" and nico- tine levels. Tax on highest "tar" cigar- ettes would be 50 cents by 1980 under this legislation, rather than the current eight cents. Conversely, lowest "tar" brands would not be taxed by the federal government. Drinan calls it the Health Protection Cigarette Tax Act of 1977. Other Drinan bills would: • Require an annual report to Con- gress on the effect of cigarette smoke upon nonsmokers. • "Strengthen" the warning label required on cigarette packages, to read: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking is Dan- gerous to Your Health and May Cause Death from Cancer, Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Bronchitis, Pul- monary Emphysema, and other Dis- eases." Also, this bill would mandate that all cigarette packs sold must display the "tar" and nicotine levels, and that cigarettes exported must bear the warning label. • Prohibit smoking in certain areas in federal facilities, including portions of dining areas, and allow nonsmoking federal employes to be assigned to separate offices. • Amend the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to authorize the regulation of tobacco products in the same manner as food is regulated. Four other Congressmen have in- troduced one bill each in the "anti- tobacco" category. Rep. Edward I. Koch (D-N.Y.) and Rep. Carlos J. Moorhead (R-Calif.) have introduced identical bills which would taise the federal excise tax on a pack of cigarettes from eight to ten cents. The additional funds raised would be used for research programs of the National Cancer Institute. Rep. Robert A. Roe (D-NJ.) also is asking for an increase in the excise tax, with the additional funds to go to the National Heart and Lung Institute. A bill to make all public transporta- tion in interstate commerce reserve some nonsmoking space was intro- duced by Rep. C. W. Bill Young (R-Fla.). None of the measures has been scheduled for hearings.

~ Tobacco Protestors Stir Violence A tobacco industry spokesman says organized anti-tobacco interests: ' three recent violent anti-smoking inci- David McLean, West Coast area dents "are the direct result of irrespon- manager for The Tobacco Institute, sible public campaigns conducted by issuedapressreleaseontheseincidents, which he called "a new type of social phenomenon." • A New Mexico man crashed his battered pickup truck into a solid steel gate in front of the White House. He wanted "to wake him (the President) up" about foods that contain chemical additives and "poison" that emanates from cigarettes. • A young gunman in Los Angeles held a man hostage for 2~i hours atop a skyscraper to wam the "whole world" against tobacco. - • A sophisticated Beverly Hills, Calif., Gucci fashion show turned into a fracas when a nonsmoker virulently objected to a nearby smoker. These types of incidents are the "re- sult of tremendous 'hate tobacco' cam- paigns continuously promoted over several years in a shabby effort to dis- credit tobacco and shame tobacco con- sumers," McLean charged. - "Their attacks against tobacco con- sumers have approached religious fer- vor. No wonder some people have become programmed to undertake sub- stantially outrageous action." McLean said that the anti-tobacco campaigns are deliberately aimed at pitting one segment of the American population against another. The cam- paigns are spurred by certain govern- mental agencies, volunteer health orga- nizations and private anti-tobacco groups, he said. "Peaceful citizens should not have to endure the hysterics and outrages of these self-righteous social guerrillas- the products of deliberately planned and irresponsible public hate cam- paigns," McLean concluded. Santa Fe., N.M., man tried to crash his truck through a White House gate, police charge, to warn about "poison"from cigarettes. . .. .. Los Angeles Police take away man they said held a hostage to warn the "whole world" against tobacco. Cigarette "Tar"- What ls(n't) It? "Tar." There is a lot of misunderstanding about this little word when it comes to smoking. The Federal Trade Commission measures "tar" by pulling cigarette smoke through a special filter on a mechanical smoking machine and weighing the particulate matter col- lected in the filter. It is this measurement which is found on the packs of some cigarette brands and in all advertisements. The FTC process, of course, is not what occurs when people smoke. One major difference is that FTC's machine doesn't exhale. That's why The Tobacco Observer uses quotation marks around the word "tar" when referring to tobacco smoke, indicating it is a word employed in an arbitrary sense to describe the total particulate matter, sometimes referred to as TPM. There's another kind of "tar," used by scientists in animal and other labora- tory tests. They obtain it by condensa- tion from super-cooled tobacco smoke. There are certain variables known to scientists which affect the amount of "tar" a cigarette yields. By changing these, cigarette manufacturers produce cigarettes with more or less "tar" to meet consumer demands. -The longer a cigarette bums, the more "tar" it delivers. If the burning rate is increased, the "tar" content de- creases. Reducing cigarette circumfer- ence increases the burning rate. Of course, in order to keep consum- ers satisfied, manufacturers can only produce cigarettes which bum so fast. -The way tobacco is packed and the choice of cigarette paper affect the burning rate. Cigarettes weighing more tend to increase "tar" yield. = : This has posed a problem for advo- cates of a"self-extinguishing" cigarette -with higher density a cigarette will go out, but its "tar" yield is higher. The more porous the cigarette paper is, the faster the bum rate. Mechanical perforation of the paper, allowing more air to mix with the smoke dilutes the smoke so as to reduce the "tar" yield. -Scientists have learned that varia- tions in blends, reconstituted sheets and shred sizes of the tobacco used to manufacture a cigarette will affect "tar" rates. -Additives can be used to increase burn levels, thus decreasing "tar." -The filter is a key to "tar" reduc- tion. Increasing its length and diameter lowers "tar" yield. Perforating the tipping paper can cut "tar." Filtering the smoke more-making the filter harder to draw through-de- creases "tar." The resistance to the draw is called pressure drop, and the greater the drop, the higher the filtra- tion efficiency. Again consumer satis- faction in providing adequate taste must be weighed when dealing with these variables. -°Tar" can even be affected slightly by the way cigarettes are packaged and handled. But the number the smoker sees as "tar" has never been conclusively as- sociated with any human disease, and no one has ever linked the amount of "tar' artificially collected on a filter pad or condensed in a laboratory with what, if any, a smoker receives. 8 The Tobacco Observer

SMOKE FR/E111DLY: Courteous Smokers___ Com~rm~~ Cong ressional Advisors Report EPA Pollution Study "Useless Results of a $22 million federal study of air pollution are "useless" in deter- mining "what levels of pollutants repre- sent" health hazards, according to a Congressional staff report. The five-year study, called Commu- nity Health and Environmental Surveil- lance System (CHESS), was done by the Environmental Protection Agency. That agency had released press state- ments which said, among other things, that CHESS had concluded that ciga- rette smoke endanger.s the health of nonsmokers. - But the Congressional investigators found that "there are too many incon- sistencies in the data and too many technical problems that resulted in large data uncertainties or errors ... for the results of this program to provide quan- titative support for policy decisions." The primary goal of the CH ESS study was to find out what levels of air pollu- tion have adverse impacts on public health. The Congressional probers charge that the study is worthless because time and money pressures forced the re- seachers to do shoddy work. "Technical errors in measurement, unresolved problems in statistical anal- ysis, and inconsistency in data ... render it useless for determining what precise levels of specific pollutants rep- resent a hazard," the Congressional report said. . "In the drive for results, the program did not adhere to standards of quality control, validation of methods, cross- checking of data and calibration of in- struments required in such research." The critical report was put together „ by a House environment subcommittee staff, with aid from leading scientific in- vestigators in the fields studied. The report also is critical of epidemi- ological work done by CHESS, saying it doubts the validity of certain of the population selections, and that "acausal relationship cannot be inferred on the basis of a single epidemiologic study." Bumper Sticker Popular "Smoke Friendly!" * Courtesy is the better way. A gmss roots effort by the Courteous Smokers Committee, begun in 1975 in Texas, informs smokers and nonsmok- ers that courtesy, not punitive legisla- tion, is the way to handle what some people may see as problems. Laws banning smoking in certain public places have been passed in some Texas municipalities. Police report these laws to be unenforceable, ex- pensive to administer and a nuisance. `"fhe better way," says Ms. Maureen Giller, founder of the effort, is "en- couraging common courtesy." The committee developed a "Smoke Friendly" bumper sticker and a smaller sticker for cigarette vending machines. Displayed at state fairs in Texas, these items proved instantly popular. ° : ; ..rit + -_4.. - F h •l11?A.->rN1+ R: ,r _ . +sa H . l . ••4 '.f~ Sw._ WY~~~l1Y~lr ..'~- Efi.4. Et~L7Q+.~OC' :: CGcrs n,. __ ( The program got a fine reaction from smokers and nonsmokers-and even from the Action on Smoking & Health (ASH, an anti-smoking organization) chapter president in Dallas. She wrote Ms. Giller, saying: "I was thrilled be- yond words to know that someone would take the trouble to form such a group." The media also liked it. One Texas paper said, "This very definitely ap- pears to be the better way. It can and should work." "This is a simple, straightforward program," says Joe Ratcliff, executive vice president, Texas Association of Tobacco and Candy Distributors. "It also tells smokers that they don't have to be treated like second-class citizens, and warns them that there are some who want to erode their personal rights." .j k` ,.. ..., ' +- ~ \ _.,.... . ..._ .... ~°'-',% . . , cY~'," " ' 45 ...,w...,r,.. Fu~,>[Jaa50QOOC '.;Qdt+z,~u ~l ~ ..... .. .. ... _. ----~ JrJ I J 1_ ~,IAp 9 l'~.}l~ ~J . -'- ~' ` l1r .. s.•~r`~ . . . C~ li~W~G WL~p~• ~TL " - .. ~ rL j .,lx eJ . J t 1 . .~.,..,.,.,~ ........- ........ .... . - . _' ._ _ _. - _eGauaqoCO{~we. a U. S. Treasury's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms opened a museum in Washington, D. C., illustrating its work. One exhibit features multi-million- rolling table on display. dollar checks from tobacco companies for federal excises. They amounted to .52.5 billion last year. The museum, open to the public, also has an old cigar- The Tobacco Observer 9

TI Thanks Media For "Fair" Coverage "It seems to me that no fair and rea- sonable person can object to the pres- entation of opposing viewpoints in or- der that people-having heard varying opinions-can better make up theirown minds." That is from a letter written by an executive with Jefferson Pilot Broad- casting Co., Charlotte, N.C., to Horace R. Kornegay, president, The Tobacco Institute. The thought is repeated consistently in acknowledgements of the end-of-the year letters Kornegay sent to media executives whose stations or newspa- pers interviewed Tobacco Institute spokespersons during 1976. Komegay told them he appreciated their fairness in giving readers, listen- ers and viewers more balanced cover- age of tobacco issues. He sent copies of his letters to the broadcasters to the license renewal files of the Federal Communications Commission. , The Institute staff interviews were, in the words of Charles A. Scruggs, general manager, WDIA, Memphis, Tenn., in accord with "our policy and our intent so that our audience is given the very best opportunity to gather factual information so that they may better decide for themselves and their community." Other examples include correspon- dence from Summit Communications, Inc., Winston-Salem, N.C., whose president wrote: "We believe that all of our stations serve in the public in- terest when they present different sides of controversial issues and allow ex- pression from all interested parties: " An executive at KDKA-TV 2, Pitts- burgh, Pa., said: "We have always taken very seriously our obligation to present different sides of controversial issues. We were happy to get yourpoint ofview on the general question of smoking." Alvin L. Bolt, general manager, WPLN, Nashville, Tenn., wrote about his station's effort "to provide the lis- tener with all facets of an issue and al- low him to decide its merits-not make the decision for him." "We are pleased to be a communica- tion outlet which is afforded the eco- nomic and journalistic freedom to con- front such issues of public importance," wrote Douglas L. Vernier, director of broadcasting, KUNI, Cedar Falls, Iowa. ' ~ Edens Elected Chairman ' at Tl Annual Meeting Y Joseph E. Edens, president and chief executive officer, Brown & Williamson Industries Inc., was elected chairman Joseph E. Edens of The Tobacco Institute's Executive Committee at the annual meeting in New York City. Edens succeeds Curtis H. Judge, president of Lorillard, a division of Loews Corp., as chairman. Member- ship of the Executive Committee re- mained the same. William M. Rosson, president, Con- wood Corp., was elected to the board ofdirectors, replacing MartinJ. Condon lll, Conwood's chairman of the board. All other directors were re-elected. Three new officers of The Tobacco Institute were elected: William H. Hecht and Roger L. Mozingo, vice presidents, and Dr. Charles L. Waite, medical director. TI's President, Horace R. Kornegay, in a speech at the session wamed that "every report confi rms our expectations of a massive challenge" by anti-smoking forces this year. Observer's Yours for the Asking Do you know someone who should be receiving The Tobacco Observer? We want people whose livelihoods are in some way associated with the tobacco industry to be well informed about the problems it faces, including the continuing attacks. We believe The Tobacco Observer will provide them with knowledge of who's doing what about the tobacco industry. Please write George Yenowine, cir- culation director, The Tobacco Ob- server, 1776 K St., N.W., Washington, D. C., 20006, if you would like to add names to The Observer's free subscrip- tion list. Please include a complete personal address, including zip code. 10 TheTobaccoObserver Red Skelton, long-time cigar smoker, was invited to visit the Pennsylvania cigar- making establishment of Walter T. Allen (left). The comedian took the invitation pretty s8rionsly. ¢ Anti-Smoking Activities Increasing CH ICAGO-Speakers from The To- bacco Institute emphasized at T['s sec- ond annual seminar on government re- lations here recently that anti-smoking activists will make a more concerted effort this year than ever before. J. C. Blucher Ehringhaus Jr. TI sen- ior vice-president and counsel, ex- plained that this expected vitriolic attack on the tobacco industry and its customers is fueled by frustration. The anti-smokers have been unable to decrease tobacco consumption, de- spite all their propaganda, he said. Ehringhaus projected that 200-250 anti- smoking bills will be introduced in the various state legislatures this year. One participant said the anti-smoking campaign will be focused against smok- ers. The crusaders will use "taxation, legislation, intimidation, discrimina- tion and segregation," he said. The tobacco industry will face more anti-tobacco legislation in the various city and county jurisdictions this year than in the entire history of this indus- try, said TI's Roger L. Mozingo, field director, state activities. Addison Y. Yeaman, president and chairman, The Council for Tobacco ~. Research-U.S.A., Inc., said "the evi- dence that cigarette smoking causes human disease simply is not in." He said the industry is spending $6 million for scientific research each year on this problem. Other speakers included TI Vice President Fred Panzer, Charles G. Hord, executive director, Washington State Association of Tobacco & Candy Distributors and Bill Dwyer, an assist- ant to TI's president and a spokesper- son for the industry. Also, Raymond A. Oliverio, TI's northeast area manager, Paul Knopick, The Tobacco Observer editor and Mar- tin Ryan Haley, political analyst, took part in the program.