Anne Landman's Collection
Smoking Behavior: Motives and Incentives
Abstract
Tome edited by William Dunn, Jr. of PM: "A highly, distinguished group of behavioral scientists addresses itself to the issue that, despite a decade of dissuasion, 35% of the American adults continue to seek the gratification of smoking. Most tend to agree, that a pharmacological effect, probably mediated by nicotine, is sought under conditions that have an emotional meaning to the smoker: It is assumed that the emotional state is modulated or altered in some positive manner and evidence is provided to support this hypothesis. The authors attempt to delineate the underlying mechanisms and processes and offer, new and intriguing ideas to explain why people smoke..." Discusses neurochemical effects of nictoine upon the brain.
Fields
- Author
- Dunn, W.L.
- Named Organization
- Fort Custer State Home
- Harvard Medical School
- Harvard Univ
- John Hopkins Univ School of Medicin
- Ma General Hospital
- Queens College of the City Univ O N
- Rockefeller Univ
- Tobacco Research Council Labs
- Univ of Ca
- Univ of London
- Univ of Mi
- Univ of Montreal
- Univ of or Medical School
- Univ of Pa
- Univ of Sd
- Veterans Administration Hospital
- College of Physician & Surgeons
- Columbia Univ
- Named Person
- Armitage, A.K.
- Brown, B.
- Damon, A.
- Domino, E.F.
- Dunn, W.L.
- Emley, G.S.
- Essman, W.B.
- Eysenck, H.J.
- Friedman, L.N.
- Harner, E.B.
- Heimstra, N.W.
- Hickey, R.J.
- Hull, C.L.
- Hutchinson, R.R.
- Jarvik, M.E.
- Kassenfischer, A.
- Kety, S.S.
- Lazarsfeld, P.F.
- Matarazzo, J.D.
- Meyer, A.S.
- Miller, N.E.
- Ryan, F.J.
- Schacter, S.
- Selye, H.
- Seyle, H.
- Srole, L.
- Thomas, C.B.
- Type
- PSCI, SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION
- BIBL, BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Litigation
- Stmn/Produced
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,_WQKING BEHAVIOR:
MOTIVES AND
INCENTIVES
EDITOR:
WI LLIAM L. DUNN, JR.
A highly distinguished group of behavioral
scientists addresses itself to the issue that, despite
a decade of dissuasion, 35%'0 of the American
adults continue to seek the gratificationi of
smoking. Most tend to agree. that a pharmaco-
logical effect, probably mediated by nicotine, is
sought under conditions that have an emotional
meaning to the smoker. It is assumed! that the
emotional state is modulated or altered in some
positive manner and evidence is provided to
support this hypothesis. The authors attempt to
delineate the underlying mechanisms and processes
and offer, new and! intriguing ideas to explain why
people smoke.
contents:
Hans Selye
Some Introductory Remarks
Edward F. Domino
Neuropsychopharmacolbgy of Nicotine and
Tobacco Smoking
Murray E. Jarvik
Further Observations on Nicotine as the
Reinforcing!Agent in Smoking
Walter B. Essman
Nicotine-Related Neurochemical Changes: Some
Implications for Motivational Mechanisms and
Differences
Barbara B. Brown
Additionall Characteristic EEG Differences Be-
tweeniSmokers and Nonsmokers
A. K. Armitage
~
Some Recent Observations Relating to the
~
Absorption of, Nicotine from Tobacco Smoke.
~
William L. Dunn, Jr.
Experimental Methods and Conceptual Models
as Applied to the Study of Motivation in
Cigarette Smoking
W
~
~
(continued on inside back flap)
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SMOKING BEHAVIOR:
MvTIVES AND'INCENTIVES
EDITED BY WILLIAM L. DUNN, JR.
W V. H. WINSTON', & SONS
1973 Washington, D.C.
DISTRIBUTED BY THE HALSTED PRESS DIVISION OF
JOHN WILEY & SONS
New York Toronto London Sydney
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SMOKING BEH~AVIOR:
MOTIVES AND INCENTIVES
Copyright © 1973, by V. H. Winston & Sonslne.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may, be reproduced in any form,
by photostat microform, retrievalisystem, or any other means;,without
the prior written permission of the publisher.
V. H. Winston & Sons, Inc., Publishers
1511 K St. N!W.,,Washington~,D.C. 20005
Distributed solely by Halsted Press Division, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,,
New York.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication
Dunn, William L.
Smoking behavior.
Includes bibliographies.
1. Smoking-Psychological aspects. 1. Title.
[DNLM: 11. Behavior. 2. Nicotine-Poisoning.
3. Smoking. QV 137 D923s 1913]
BF789:S6D85 615:7872-13271i
ISBN 0-470-22746X
Printed in the United States of Amerioa
Data:
CONTENTS
,.
a
Preface xi
1 SOME INTRODUCTORY REMARKS, Hans Selye.... ......... I
2 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY OF NICOTINE AND TOBACCO
SMOKING, Edward F. Domino .............. ............ . . 5
Introduction 5
Behavioral Effects in Animals 9
Neurological~ Effects in Animals 14
Effects of Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine on the Patellar Reflex
of Man 20
Conclusions 29
References 29
3 FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON NICOTINE AS THE REINFORCING
AGENT IN SMOKING, Murray E: Jarvik .... ...............
Summary Statement 45
References 49 .
33
4 NICOTINE-RELATED NEUROCHEMICAL CHANGES:
SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR MOTIVATIONAL
MECHANISMS AND DIFFERENCES,Walter B. Essman. : ... 51
Brain Indoleamine Changes 52
Cellular Specificity of Nicotine-related CentrallEffects 55
Nicotine-I nduced'Centrall Cholinergic Effects 56
Differential Housing: Neurochemical Status and Nicotine Uptake 57
Cholinergic Effects of Differential Housing and Nicotine 58
Cerebral Protein Synthesis: The Interactive Effects of Nicotine
and Differential Housing 60
V
..::.:..~. -~-
vi CONTENTS
ADDITIONAL CHARACTERISTIC EEG DIFFERENCES
BETVIIEEN SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS,
Barbara B. Brown .................................... 67
Introduction 67
Method 68
Results 70
Discussion 72
References 78
6 SOME RECENT OBSERVATIONS RELATING TO THE
ABSORPTIONIOF NICOTINE FROM TOBACCO SMOKE,
A.K.Armitage ...... .................................. 83
A Comparison of the Effects of Nicotine Inhaled in the Form of
Tobacco Smoke With the Effects When it is Injected
Directly into the Bloodstream 83
Effects on the Brain of Small Multiple Intravenous Injections
of Nicotine 85
Effects of'pH on Nicotine Absorption from the Mouth, 85 '
References 90
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS AS
APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF MOTIVATION IN _
CIGARETTE SMOKI NG, William L. Dunn, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . 93
Introduction 93
On Methods 93
On Models 102
Summary 107
References 108
8 PERSONALITY AND THE MAINTENANCE OF THE SMOKING
HABIT, H. J. Eysenck ................................. 113
Results 131
References 142
9 NESB1TT'S PARADOX, Stanley Schachter .................... 147
References 155
10 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SMOKING AND HABITS OF NERVOUS
TENSI ON, Caroline Bedell Thomas .......................... 157
Summary 169
References 169
11 EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON AVOIDANCE, CONDITIONED
SUPPRESSION AND AGGRESSION RESPONSE MEASURES
IN ANIMALS AND MAN,
Ronald R. Hu tchinson and Grace S. Emley ................... 171
Introduction 171
CONTENTS vii
An Explanation of Methods 171
Results 177
Discussion 192
References 195
.
I
12 THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON MOOD CHANGE,
Norman W. Heimstra.................................... 197
General Methods 198
Results 199
Discussion 205
References 207
13 GENERAL COMMENTS ON PROBLEMS OF MOTIVATION
RELEVANT TO SMOKING, Neal E. Miller ............... .... 209
Needs Versus Drives 209
Delay Weakens Reinforcement 210
Three Mechanisms Motivating Self-Administration 210
Why Are Animals Less Strongly Motivated Than People? 211
Test for Joyfullas Well as Stressful Arousal 212
Muscar~inic Versus Nicotinic Coding inithe Brain? 213
References 213
14
5 SOME COMMONALITIES AMONG THE PRECEDING REPORTS OF
STUDIES ON1THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SMOKING,
Joseph D. Matarazzo ...................................
References 218
SMOKING ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES IN SEVEN PRELITERATE
SOCI ETI ES, Albert Damon ..............................
Subjects and'Methods 220
215
219
Results 220
D iscussion 229
Conclusion and Summary 230
References 230
16 COLD TURKEYIN GREENFIELD, IOWA:
P S DY, FrancisJ: Ryan ...................... 231
A Procedures 23
~
Results 233 C
Some Final Comments 240 ~
References 241 Go
17 MOTIVATIONAL CONFLICTS ENGENDERED BY THE ON-GOING ©
DISCUSSION OF CIGARETTE SMOKING, ~
Alan S. Meyer, Lucy N. Friedman, and Paul F. Lazarsfeld ........... 243 ~
Introduction 243 w
