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Confidential MBRG Smoke constituents in ambient air Methodologies and contributions by ICOSI companies I. The Group was asked by the meeting of XC O S I principals on 9/i0th March a) to agree analytical methods for carbon monoxide. nicotine, nitrosamines, and particulate matter in ambient air. so far as practicable. b) to consider the extent to which any further necessary development could be~hared between member companies, and c) to report back to the I C OS I Executive Committee for a decision as to whether this work should continue under IC O S I sponsorship or should remain at the discretion of individual companies., e General principles It is important to remember that there are two distinct stages in carrying out the task assigned to M B R G by ICOSI, namely c 0 a) the research carried out by the member companies on "~ sampling techniques, sample collection, analytical -~ , methods, and instrumentation and O

,.o b) the application of an agreed procedure in real Life situations by independent contractors in several countries. In order to facilitate inter-company comparison of data during the development phase it has been decided to use for this purpose the 2RIF cigarette available from the University of Kentucky. 3. The Group first agreed a) that it was important to reemphasize that our brief was to concern ourselves solely with measurements of the four smoke constituents in real life situations and not with "yields I)er cigarette" of these consti- tuents nor with any reference to specific brands. b) that there are advantages in sharing experience and the work load in the further development of method- ologies., c) that if, afterwards, ICOSI members jointly wish to make these measurements against which to judge claims made by our critics, such measurements should be made by independent research contractors On behalf of "I C O S I, d) that there will be a need, in these circumstances, for sampling techniques and analytical methods which C=>

-3- (i) are of sufficient excellence to withstand criticism, (ii) are sufficiently simple and ruggecl to suit field work by relatively inexperienced contractors, and (iii) are capable of being operated inconspiciously in "real life" situations. a Sampling The Group noted a report provided by Gallaher Limited. This listed numerous points of practical detail which will be taken into account in the course of the work to be described later on in this report. Although we are confident that there are no outstanding problems of principle in regard to sampling, the Group did not feel ready to recommend detailed procedures for use by independent laboratories ~mtil some experiments in model rooms had been completed, as indicated later in this report. This interval need not be a matter for concern however because the time wLLI be needed in any event to settle remaining deta~of analytical methods and instrumentation. If, however, there should arise in the meantlme an urgent need to respond to a particular problem,the sampling schemes we already have in mind would be adequate to enable any necessary work to be undertaken. c~ :._j-.J O~ --...j

-4- m Nitros amines We have been directed to accord first priority to these. ! There are two categories of nitrosamines0 distinguished by their boiling points, and commonly referred to as "volatile" and "non volatile". No further work is needed to refine analytical methods for volatile nitrosamines. It is still necessary however to agree a sampling technique. A liquid trap is likely to be capable of sampling for nitrosamines and nicotine simultaneously. PME who have developed the analytical method will continue to study sampling and report progress by September. \ PME already have a portable liquid trap sampler for nitrosamines which has been tested. RJR will test the feasibility of incorporating into such a sampler in the Stanford instrument. Methodology for non volatile tobacco-specific nitros- amines needs further development. ITL, Gallaher0 PME, and Rothmans will shortly be capable of undertaking this work if asked to do so. B Carbon Monoxide Either the Stanford or Wilks instrumentation to be suitable for routine surveys. is likely c=_:

-5- RJR and possibly PM(USA) will continue to study and validate the use of the Stanford instrument, both in simulated and in "real life" situations. This work should be completed in about three months time. RJR will seek to make a Stanford instrument available for side-by-side comparison with the Wilks instrument by PME. Rothmans will study the practicability of a simple disposable evacuated container as a sampling technique for carbon monoxide. ~m All companies involved will have made substantial progress by September. \ Nicotine RJII and possibly PM(USA) will include nicotine in their general validation of the Stanford instrument. ITL0 Rothmans, and Reemtsma will experiment with simple liquid trapping systems suitablje for enclosure in a "suitcase". PME already has some experience with such a trapping system. ITL and possibly PME will compare liquid and membrane trapping because of some uncertainty about the efficiency of the latter. O c~

No difficulty is foreseen in reaching conclusions on sampling by September. Analytical methods require no further development. 8. Particulate matter Since TPM is arbitrarily defined only for mainstream smoke, sampling for "TPM" in ambient air presents serious conceptual problems which do not arise with the specific smoke constituents previously discussed. In addition the distribution of particulate matter in the atmosphere is non-uniform. It is therefore important to have clearly in mind th'at particulate matter measured in ambient air cannot be related directly fo "TPM'~ in conventional cigarette • tests. If nevertheless there is a need to respond to arbitrary statements which ignore these difficulties, TS[ instru- mentation would be preferred for routine measurements. RJ-R0 ITL, and BAT have TSI instruments and can develop information on sampling by September.

-7- 8. PoLicy MBRG now needs to be told by I C O S I principals a) whether all the future work now needed in "the testing of these methodologies" is to be at the discretion of individual companies or is to be done "under ICOSI sponsorship". By "testing the methodologies" we understand the "in house" work outlined in para 2 (a) of this report, b) whether ICOSI wishes MBRG to proceed now to preliminary contacts - on behalf of IC OS I - with suitable contract agencies in USA, UK, Germany, and Switzerland, to undertake the kind of work as outlined in para 2 (b) of this report. \

t t Data Sheet CA-3. ,,:...,,,.~? ..~ . • . .. ....-...-. .... . ,, • ,. YO¢u- mplef'." Disposable Air Sampling Collection System • samples ambient air. breath, stacks, pressure lines • EaW to use by untreinacl personnel • Safe in explosive atmospheres • Good quantitative results because of I:~¢m vacuum level • Chemically inert • Nitrogen back-fill eliminates prob- lems with high dew point samples • Rugged, reliable, disposable, ship- pab~ • Tamperwoof container • Valve and septum integrity allows long storage before end after usa. The Vacu-sampler meets the needs of both industry and government for a reliable, low cost device which can be used by untrained personnel to collect samples of gases and vapors for laboratory a~alysis. OSHA and EPA limit emissions and set the TLV (Threshold Limit Value) of pollutants, toxic gases and vapors. It is necessary to have reliable sampling methods for the measurement, analy- sis and control of the levels of such contaminants. Traditional sampling devices such as tubes, pumps and bags are difficult to use. Syringes are fragile and ex- pensive. The Vacu-sampler is the best answer for industrial sampling. • Vacu-samplers are low cost, reliable and r.ggad. Vacu-samplers are aerosol type cans which have been completely evacuated and then beck-filled with nitrogen to a partial vacuum of 20 inches of mercury (246.6 cc's of N2 at standard temperature and barometric pressure). When activated, the Vacu-Sampler will \ .,# inhale 123.3 cc's of vapors or gem (at standard temperature and pressure). The nitrogen background solves the problem of high dew point samples (during analysis, the effect of the nitrogen background is eliminated us- ing a dilution correction factor)." "Rehmmom: Principe, Andrew H., "The Vacu- Sampler, A New Device for the Encap- sulation of Broth and Other Gaseous Samples," presented at the 25th An- nual Meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Science, Las Vegas. Nay., Feb. 19-23, 1973. Princil~, Andrew H., "Vacu-Sampler: A Unique Grab Sampling Device." Miller, Robert W., et el, "Vacu-Sam-' piers, A Simple Method for Taking Accurate Quantitative Gas and Vapor Samples Using Partially Evacuated Steell Containers,"presanted at the American~ Industrial Hygiene Conference, Min-' neapolis, Mn.~IFne, 1975. ORDERING INFORMATION Catalog No. "831 -- one case con- taining 6 Vacu-samplers with instruc- tions (approx. 2 Ibs.) $24.00. Delivery from stock. Terms: 1% 10 days, net 30 days, FOB Park Ridge, II1. 60068. Quantitative analysis by means of gas chromatography available through our __ laboratory. 5m276 ,_'~_ C"