Tobacco Documents Online

• ,.+- 0 0 T~ble ZIZ - £Rents used refularly in field ¢ultivation. "1) PFovont£vo so41 disJ~footion 2) |tk/leno dibrotido (EoD.B.) Diohloropropano- dt ohloropropone (DD) Tolone "- Znsoot£o4des and other a~onts • ) C lor~uatod h~__ocsrbons AldrLn DDT D~Leldr£n Endosulfano Hoptaohlor LJ~dano ToDoE. • b) OrA~nonhosDhorou~ oompounde A.nth.l.o D~xLnono DJJmtholto Used principally in the £ollow~nK countries Greeoe 0USAt South JU~rica, Rhodes4 a. Oreooo ~ USA, South Africa. USA t Rhodes 4a KuntriatBols£umjFz~nco, ltaly, Switserland,GreeoetMorocco, Tun£siatLobanoneSouth Africa, Rhode • ha, ~psoar, R~union I Japan o Japan, Thailand, Syria, France, USA, MarimBas car. South ~Lt'r£ca, Rhodesia, Tha£1and, Turkey. USA,South A£rlca. ltaly,Groe©etLebanon,Rhodeela. Austr£a.Huni~ry,Csochoslo~kla, Franoe,/taly.Morooco. USA G~eeoe~Tuz~oy, Oz~oeoe~keyjLobanonjUSA. Tha~landpLebanontTurkoy. G~eece,South~Frioa. Turkoy,Syrla,14ada~ascar,USA. Xtaly,TurkeytUSA,Guadeloupe. 1~rkoy,SyrLa,USA. 0" .,...- Q Q CO

.. ,~.| B hbl* III (Conttd). • 3) ~oidem end bactericides Antz'a.col D:Lnoctp bob i i i i i i • * ....... ~ • * • .w:.-$. ,,A.-...6 °. ! Used prinoilally, in the ~pllovinKoountries nolKiumtHunL~zT,Turke7. SyTi&,RlsodosisjSouth££rioa.. FodozlL1Rsp.ofGez~nany,Austz~la, Bel6ium0FrsJloetGreeco,HunKax'F, ltL~ytLeb~aon,MoroccotSwitzer- 18:ad,S3~rl&iTun£m~,Turkey. Bel~lum,ltalT,Morocco,Ttu~key. Orseos,HunKszT,Italy,Swttser- land,S~£a,Cseohoolovakia, Turkey,Guadeloupe 4) ~tTbioidss and othtr LJJn~ono + monolinurone • hpe sled oil,nut o41 or fish o41 BolKium Fz~noomBelKium. • | ° • t .° - °. . ° .. .° °.,° •° .° 0

¢ 9 Table IV - A~onts oc©asional~y used £n £4oid oultivatlon. I I u 1) Preventlve sot~ dieinfootion ¢l~oropiorino,lt~-d£ohAoropropone,dorlone,nemaphos,neosar,penphene. te~ovorlex. 2) ~nsOVti©idee and other a~ente a) ~h~or~Jlated h3~ro©arbonl ~oz~/aulo,e~in,H(~H, telodr:Lno. As~phos-methTl,b£d~ine,demeton-S-methylodemeton-O-mothy1, basudAn(diazAnone-phoneaptone),dioxathion,ekatAn,fonth£on, mov~nphos,pa~athlon-mothyl,trichlor£on,bromophos,mercaptoth£on~ phomphamAdon,d£eu1£otononenasone,phorate. Copper acetoarsenite,barium silioo£1uoride,sodium silico£1uoride, Iso~an,nicot4ne,strychnine,hyd.rooyani© aolde),metaldehyde, vaz~arln. t) su~ph~rous gas. ~) ~-~le£dee and baoter£oides. Copper p~epa~atlona,£eFbam,po~ysu~phido su~phu~,slram,slneb + E.T.M., sJ~ob + sirmOoSineb + a~neb,streptomycAn~polyoxin. ~) Herb£p~es and others Am/benO,BoP.T.A.M.,metobro~n Ma~o~o ao~d-hyd~a=Ido. ., • ° ° ~mds Q O emh=~

i i ,. ...... • . . "-*o~.,.:._~, ......... . .~, . ..... ~ .--. .- ,:: b ...... . . • . *.~._" -- , TatxiLe ¥ - Agents regularl7 used :L¢ u~rehouees.. ,Tgtmooo treatnent Hy~. ~e aeid Aoz71nilWite + C CZ4 J(e thyl~ broaAde Ethylene oxide USA USA USA p £1cer4a p Greece t Italy • Syria, Turkey ~ Thailand ~ South ~rioa t Fd~aKas oar. South Africa p Lebanon Room tz~atment Dromodan D4ehlorvos DDT .Lt~hme" ) pyre hrun ]Pyz.ethrum + piperon71buto~4do South Afrioa "Greece,ItalytLebanonlUSZp Turkey,Ouadeloupe. USAjXtaly Syria Th. ailand,Turkey, South~rioa LobanonjSyria • ° . The follo~lnK 8~e oc©asionall7 usedt DDT + bept|ohlor + nutlathlon DDT + Z/Jadmne Diohlorethane + C C14 Dieldrin Lindano + pyretlu~m + piperonylbutoxide .NLEathAon . ¢. o. • ..., . .° -°. mmam CX:) emmdb ~n r~ -%/.

B q 12. e .S .umary "o~£ the Problems of Roo~du.en as oF 1.968. Address by Pro£•FoEoGuthr£e0 North ~ro14na State Un4yersity tJl Ra~e4EhtUSA. NysummarF. hao the purpose of presentLnC the collect£ve york oF the Symposium and not a description of J~d£vidual a~eas of research work. Each :[ndi~-~duAl lecture was u important contribution made w£th~n the framework of a common task,as the rosuXt of vh£ch th£s important ~roblsm ham boon presented comprehensively. X should £irst like to oon~tulato CORESTA £orhavlng endoavoured -in suc~ a cloa~-siKhtod way to seek the solut£on of a problem that As of equal importance to each memberol reKard th~s collaborat£on and the z~oosnition that the problem boJJ~deaXt with here is one to be taken sor£ously, asa model 0£ world-vide common e£fort on the part of the entire tobacco ~ndustzT. Beoaue youlmvomado awa£1able Lll the resources of CORF~TA members and have been resolved to place knowledKe at the disposal of all (4~etead of koepLnc J~nfox~nation secret),you have succeeded J~ recoK- n~sJJ~ the extent and the siKnificance of the problems which are • created as a result of Luvost£KationS into residues in tobacco,and t~Lst~n fact,lonK before these questions wore touched upon Lu public from the poLutofwlev of tho£r s£~£icance to hsalth.It says s ~rlat dILL for an Lndustry ~J~ doll not frond aloof or feller lamely bchJJ~,but rather str£~oo to take the lead ~n the solution of such quost£ons in order that the hoLLth authorit£es can have ~laoed at theLrdLsposLL, on request suFfio£ont information,and defio£oncies in le~lslation or blind pulo can bo a~e£dod. ,, -. o enu~d~ r%j cx~

• q° The workJ~-pLrttee of COPJST& h~ve presented in a locica~ sequence the px~blem of rssldues after chemical tz~at~nt of thetobacco £rem the preYent£ve treatment of the soil with herbicides,homers- tides and soil insecticides,through treatments during cultivation to the influences of £ermentation.We hays listened to reports on the haz:n/%~ oonsequenoeso£ treatment with 2,4 Dtand have heaz~/ contributions which ]:aye spoken of the concentration of residues o£ tldrin and heptachlor in tobacco leayestalthough only the soil had been treated previously vith these aKsnts.Thsse reports on the • experimental treatment o£ soils v£th heptachlor have made it clear that concsntrat£on oF residues ~Ln the tobacco lea£ can result. Xnthe expsrdment the treatment was car~led out,adm£ttedIytusJ~ a dose increased 50 to 100 tJJes IF:eater than the customary one. Further inTesti~atlons into the eFFects o£ eel1 concentrations o£ approximately 1 - 2 ppm,as they actually occur,are .neoesoazT. Vo ]lave been presented vithtn excellent study on the fate of the residues o£ herbio£des £ron the moil to the tobacco emokeoVith reK~u~t to the use o£ herbicides we a~e only at the beKinn~ sta~e. Nevertheless it is reassurinK to learn that herb£o£destwhioh were applied in exceseLvel~ht|~h doses to ci6~z'ette tobacco :Ln the exper:Lmentstare exteno£vely decomposed to theeorrospond£ug aniXine de~£Tat£Tos andthat less than ~ o£ the oriKLnal substance £s £ound in the smoke.Vo c~n Ludeed state with certainty today that • the use o£ herbicides in the recomaended amounts does not lead to a s:LIp,4£icant transition o£ the res£dues into the smoke. • detL~Lled report has been K£vsn on the protection o£ stored tobaccos. ..• .. o.. • o.. em~mb Q

! i i , , - .........."..,,~:'.:. ~ ............... - _~:::..,~.~._ . •. .... 14.. ,,, "1 Pumiption aKents do not seem to throw up anF problems in relation t9 residual amounts ~ the smoke.Further clari£.ication ouKht to be souKhtthov~ver, oonosrninK the consequences of £umiKation with HCN on ~e composition of the smoke.Perhaps other ~nts ou~t to be reoi~ded in which there does not exist the poesibi.lity of the format4on of residues subh •s pbospne,This prob[em is •t present beJJ~r studied by Chllds 4n 1~Lchmond,ViE4nla. . ,The replacement of cap•the by • bensamLdasol derivative as an anti- my~oticum reflects the Kenez~s% endeavour to use safe plant protect- ion t6~nts on tobacco. The reports on the. dithlocarbamates were'supplemented by a contrl- bution on sJ~c residues on tobacco and 4~ the smoke.Prom the amounts of this trace element 4~ the smoke the author reckons with 18 mE of s~no per year In the smoke of 20 o/Ears•ass • day. 8evend reports were submitted on the subject of residual amounts o£ :Lu~.eet£oidos.£unlr£oides and maleic acid hydraside in ©ommercial 1oat •chaco0 and 4~ sisera•tee From L~lrope:£sla,Atrlca and the Un4t~ States.There was senera11y Kood agreement between the results . of several independent study-~oups.Residual amounts of CLrbamates ~ud phosphorous compounds were Kener&lly less than 0.5 ppm on leaf tobacco,and therefoz~ it san be expected that those residues are e~letely decomposed ~ the course of smok~n6. Vithve~£ev exceptions the residues o£ l~ane and of the cycle- dlen# on 1SeLf tobacco were so slight that remldual traces in the 'smoke wore lower than. 0.01 ppm.It to veT reamsu~lnK that no residues of endrLn were able to be detected ~n the course" of an extensive I o.. .. o Q CX)

( , • ° . m.• ..... ~ ~ ...... o.o. 15. o IJ~veatlptlon of clprette tobaccos in the Spring of 1968oThers .wore found approximately Z5 ppu residues of nalelc acid• hydrazlde in nox:ml cemmerelal leaf tobacco of Japanese and Amerlcan origin. XMDT and SnLlogues (DDT - TDB) weredetected in the tobacco of all commex~=lal c£garettes,ineludlng those which were described in their advertlsiagas W£ree :L'~om pesticidesm.ln oi~e~te ~obacco £1ndlngs were betveen 5 ~ --d 3Opt.The tre:sition of the original con- "pound into the smoke was 10 - 15%,according to severL~ ©a~efullT tattled-out investlcatlons.The correspondAq dehydroohlorAnated derlvltlves were found in smaller measure (5 - IO~).A description was given 0£ trans-4,~'-dlchlorostilbenetas a nev product 0£ deeomp- osltlon,in traces o£ approxlmately 1.5 meg per smoked cigarette. The toxicity of this compound has not hitherto been investigated. Several methods have been described which permit a eignlflcantly spoed:,.r ,, ,ostie tio. or oi,,,rette emoke --d tobacco pe" i tides ~ which 8hould,thereforejrender easier Future investigations. Xa the closing diseumsion the topic yam le~Aslation concerning roeulattons for the z~s£duee o£ plant protection agents in tobacco producteoSuch lave o~ regu~ations ~re in force or in preparation in on17 t3ro countriec.Xnboth those countriee(FederaA Republic o£ G~zsm~Tan~-~vitse:~and) t~-~e ex~e~'good rela-t~ons---b~w~engove~n- mona departments and the tobacco industz~,~Ath the result that re~ation8 c~n be expected that t~ke prope~ ccKnizanco oF both ~he p~oteotion of the consumer and.the e£~uation o£ the induetz~. • i" ." • . .." .. . • ...- ,,m,,,,,,,,IM " O O O0 ---wdk

and that COP35TA should make • positive contribution to the estab- l£ohJJ~ of much toloz~nco 1ovolsoCOKESTA could nevertheless sioso the JJ~Lt£&tAve and eetablAsh some kAnd of muno£fAcJ~_ tolez~nce levolsW 4n order ~hat the health authorAtAos o£ ~11 scum. tries could ~e ooet4Ln thtt tho tobacco :ILnduotryhad clo8~lF reool~Lnod • tobtcoo thl.u they do in the ctso of Foodst~fSoA Foz~nulat~on could porkpo be dLscovored,Ln fLtt,tnl~ collabontionvLth CORSSTA,to v~Loh all pa~tAoo .conooz~:od. oould ~vo theft aK~oementoIn Keneral to:ms it could perhaps road. as Follower aTho Foe,duos of plant p:otoct£on a~ont8 used 4~ the cultivation of tobacco and ~n the manu£actu:o of tobacco products must not exceed ~n~ho ma~n stream smoke theme levels of tolez~nce l~Ld down For~eKotablo FoodmL~FFsn. The results reported on ho:e ma~o At cloa~ that such :eq~Lroment8 could ou~ol~ be obsoz~red today ~rlth the possible exoopt£on of DDT°Hovovor,laet month in the USA DDTwas etz~ok f:om the l£st of ":oco~n~sod J~usocttctdoe recommended for tobtcco~and it t8 vez~we11 • o possible to replace DDTby other skeets vLth oqumlly ~ood offset, N~Loh mo~nm t~t there is roallF only ~Dl¢ lo£toT~cLs compound ms~es £to tzqmsttton ~nto the smoke An resider1 nnountu,but tt the .Ohms t~mo it ~m fa~belov soy love1 of tolez~noeoThe lover tox£o£ty o£ .... TX~ (~100 nE~) luBd. tb£&ct tht 1to acoum~l&tton An the body £tt '-"~" doom nOt. lZrOSOnt much mertoue problems could lord one to expect at nmm~ *" .,', , I

17, o . o the paroeent t~o that the hoa~th authorittom v~d a~eo relents t~o Oom~po~oNat~lly TDE ¢o~d also be roplac.~ in ~ol~oco '~o~ by other a~nts ~th an ad~n~ttodl7 ~ghor toxici~,but v~ lo~ less to a oonoont~t£on d~ the £att!v t£isue and w~oht moreover,are more eztonsivelT decomposed £n the sou:so of pyTOIyS£S, ~e eetabl£ehtnK of a kind of ~mo£fic£&l tolez~0e levels requires as an obvious p:ovleo to be ha~mo~Lzed with the pz~oticos o£ tobaooo Wowinc.In th~s ephoro o£ the tobacco 4~dustx7 the appreciation p- o£ the neoossity to obsez~o speot££o mLz~Jnum amounts of plant • protoot£on aKonts must bo further £mproyod by proKrammed enliKhten- mona • The Symposiumnow reaohLu~ £ts oloso has yielded an imprese£Te eumary o£ our present knovlod~e ~ntb£e field.A number of furtho: questions 8=0 ~nneed of further exploz~toz7 study and continuous £nte~tiOnLl oollaboz~t£on.But the roeultm reported hero ought alone to be guffioient to oonvinoe sash of the nat£onal health au~horit£os that the industz7 iteolf has assumed the reeponsib£1ity for the solut£on of those problems oroated bT the residues o£ plant l~oteotion aontm on tobacco. ; " 0 o° ? . ., M {.rl