Tobacco Documents Online

Hovember 2, 1959 ;y. lir. l:etlne th H. 14oovss iTtE OpIIIiUH COMYOS_I_T20:( Oi TOMCCO Aft ITS SkO1Qr 1. HLS:ORIUI. In 1954 the firat report of the presenca of a careino=enie (cancer- producirg) polycyelic hydrocarbon 3,4-bu+spyrsna !n ei=arttta sooka vas published. Since then, approxis tely 60 a1.11ar coapounda have heart isolated from the se,oke of etyarettes. EiRAt of the polycyclic hydrocarbons Isolated from the saoke ara kilovn to pzoduee• cancer in rice. Another five or six are suspect as cancer- ' producing aVents in laboratory aniauls. . i'hert ia no evidanes that any of tbest coe"und vi11 produce cancer in san. Iio thelass, there i a distinct possibility thit these subst.an:ss• - ~ . wst+ld ha>~ a carclnoaenie affect oa the busun respiratory system. ?{adical • ..t experiede8 ~e shovn that man responds to variow chenical substances in . . . -W the same vanner as experiment..l ani:als. It follovs tberQfora that it wuld be better foY the consuo,er if cfprette smoks vera devold of such eocpounds. As dtVtibed fn RDR, 1956, lb. 9, ve in the R. J. lteynolda Tobacco Coepany Research Ls}:rttsent corroboratet the publisbed findinjs with respect te 3,4-benrp^e, obtained this coepound in crystalline fora, and positively, identified it as a constituent of clgarstte sswks on the basis of its chernlcal and physical properties. Some thirty-odd polycyclie hydrocarbons .~ have sinea been similarly characterised in these laboratorias. Of tbase, eiqht are carcinojenic to mouse epldtrals. fholanthrens, a potent carciao=en, is one o:•three not yet reported by otber invastisatora. In April of 1959, Pwrrrt.r.• -~t-~ DAT[ . Y V o. a. a . V Mf9 y1/IL.t.IAN C. t,AB OR0[ /l[mIaT[R[o rrto1. R[/OnT[n tir1' T )'1 l / ) +l 0 43 19 6

2 the first positive isolation and Identification of 3,4-ben=pyrant, ettinj data ait+ilar to ours, vas reported by other inveatigators. It. Ol,'R PREVLOtlS EFi'ORTS TO CCKTROL 5.`IOE CatpOSITION Kav1n; conflreud and txttnded the early published findinga on polycycltc hydrocarbons in eigaratta smoke, Le initiated a lenjtfy r.s.aareh pro=raa to develop voethods to lessen the u.ounts of thtse potentially dangerous cocspounds in eigaratte saoke. As described in RtR, 1956, No. 12= ADR, 1937, No. 4; ROR, 1938, No. 18; 1tDR, 1958, ?No. 20; RA7t, 1939, No. 1 and RCH, 1939, No. 80, ve investigated the following five a+ain approaches to the problesi (1) An extraction process to reaove polycycltc hydrocarbon precursors fron tobacco and the duwnstration of the naturt of•at least tAra o.l`..these precursors. (2)-ltiriation of the type and length of filter tip sutertal to reduce total snoke solids and polycyclic hydrocarbon trontant of the saokt. (3) Vagiaticn of the type of cigarette paper to control total ssroka kollds an4 polycyclie hydrocarboo c t t f th on k , ea o e. a sao (4).7344 of additivea such a hydrated almina, various nitrates, and cltalytic ajents, such as platinum, pallediun and :hodium, to reduce the total saake solids and the polycyclic hydrocarbon content -o1r ths sooke. r_ ~ (5) ],"ho use of tobacw types vhich yield both low total saake solids .~..:9 and also inferior flavor; and enhsnceaent of the poor flavor by addition of suitable fiavorants such as aclareolide, aalonic acids, etc. .~ f The experic,ental variations in thase lnvestigations vert such that over 120 separate expertnents vere conducted involving almost one.half aillion ci;arettes. Our expcrirrental evidence indicated that each of the approaches VT l ! 7 lN 0 43 19. ...~'

3 cited sbove had soase nerit. III. DISCUSSION Ttu choice of the >vost appropriate approach was sude after oonaideration of the followinit In any discussion of smke and its relation to health and smoking en3oynent, th. question arises, ''What ta the optinnss coo,position of eigarette sloke with respect to these factors?" This question suy best be ansvcred as followso Cigarette snoke should contain as littld as possible (preferably at the zero level*) of ths polycyclic hydrocarbona, should possess , satisfactory flavor to pleaae the eonsumer, and should oontain sufficient nScotine to supply the necessary requiresents of the sankar with respect to . this eoeQound. Sinee the recent sales figures for GlEL and WIRSSON ci=arettes (both ' highest ia the industry for several years in their respective categories) indicata tbat the consuaur is obviously vell satiafied with the flavor and pl;ysiolo=€Qil contribution provided by these ci:arettes, tlit optiwa composition et cigareaM amoka can be narrowed still furthert Citaretta smoke should be low in polyllyclic hydrocarbona, should have a flavor coaparabls with that of ~ the CJUHM aadJor MItsSTON blend, and should yield niootine in the st.oke in an amount ranain= froai 1.5 to 2.0 ats. per ci`arette. Approwr,ks (1) has distinct sdvantages ovez the other four approaches since it pxrvides a acl+wm whereby the saJor polycyclia lVdrocarbon prteuzsora can be ro.oved'froo the tobacco. i:s hav+s, in fact, rsceivbd aotice of allowance of an application for a patent on the removal of the precuraors (Cass !b. 114). The schtme under conslCerstion would treatly reduce the polycyclic ~ hydrocarbons in szoke. 2he flavor of the s7oke should not be adversely ~ Va consider the sero level to be ispossible to achleve as long as the cosbustion taVerature of the ci=arette is greater than 700s L. CT f".. f fN 0 43s~.a 0 0

4 :a r i affectet but if it is, tha addition of aultable tlavorants to the pretreated tobacco should restort the desired flavor., The physloloslcal raQulreaxnta of the amoker with respect to nicotine can be aat by the application of the optiTw.a smount of nicotins to tha extracted tobacco. IV. C0.VCLUSIOT2S Approaoh (1) or combination of approaches (1), (2), and (3) eould provide • highly suitabls eijaretts, the merits of %+hloh could ba advertised by direct or indirect oeans in such a ssanner to coamand a fair shar• of the surk•t. By producin; such a ci=aratte ve vill have provided, to the best of our ability, a cl=arette whose amoke is desirablt froo the•stsndpoint of both taste and health. V. !ZjUOMMSIOTIS ~ ItlYtsYecoaweodad that the lnveat!=ationa of the solvsnt pretrsatssnt of tobac.~4nd subsequent fractionation of the sxtraets•bs contiaued. Sueh : ., 5~vesti2opOLMs vill ultimately yield tobacco suitabls for the fabrication of `~ Z.&IciYars;'~tf~vhoss smoks has the optisaa costposltloa tros the staadpofAt of '~ both tarW}nd health. ; ona~ ap'scifio experinent recosr.endsd is the folloainj, Dctraetioa of ,j tJINSTOEY tobaeco with 6ot heyc.ne In the equipment dtsi=ned by Jlshbvxe., ra. i ordsri ~ ni o~tlu tobacco !n sttv, partition of ths extract, and return of ~.~ t the flsvoe~ts and nleotlne i` t_~to or !a ~ part to ths sxtracted tobacco. a r Tttict..~ MC9t'1'`~s"` i 'Aa'Ta~Ro~ ARirc , CTR N1 7 043.~m ti.d' si.

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