Council for Tobacco Research
Deposition of Freddy Homburger, M.D. [Deposition of Homburger in the Matter of Broin]
Fields
- Master ID
- Ctrmn00041967-2810
Related Documents:- CTRMN042115-2200 Deposition of Freddy Homburger, M.D. [Deposition of Homburger in the Matter of Broin]
- CTRMN042201-2213 Chronology of Events [Letters and Chronology Outline Dispute Over Publishing Research on Cigarette Smoke and Hamsters]
- CTRMN042214-2228 Inhalation Carcinogenesis Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Cigarette Smoke Inhalation on Small Laboratory Animals [St Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Small Animals]
- CTRMN042229-2248 [Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Hamsters]
- CTRMN042249-2251 [Comments and Suggestions on Study Titled Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Hamsters]
- CTRMN042252-2269 Strain Differences in the Response of Inbred Syrian Hamsters to Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 53 [St Cigarette Smoke Caused More Cancer in One Strain of Hamsters Than Another]
- CTRMN042270-2294 Progress Report for the Current Contract Period and Renewal Application (with Budget) of the Project Entitled the Determination of the Usefulness of the Golden Syrian Hamster As Model Animal for Inhalation Studies [Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Caused Macrophages in Some Hamsters' Lungs and Reduced Weight Gain But Did Not Affect Mortality]
- CTRMN042295-2298 [Summary of Meeting on Status of Research]
- CTRMN042299-2304 [Draft of Contract for Inhalation Studies in Syrian Hamsters]
- CTRMN042305-2308 [Comments From Counsel About Contract Form]
- CTRMN042309-2316 [Agreements Between Ctr and Bioresearch Institute and Bioresearch Consultants]
- CTRMN042317-2345 Skin Painting Studies in Syrian Hamsters Skin Painting Techniques and in Vivo Carcinogenesis Bioassays Progress in Experimental Tumor Research, Vol. 26 [St Skin Painting Caused Tumors in Hamsters More Frequently Than in Mice]
- CTRMN042346-2350 Pulmonary Eistopathology of Hamsters Exposed to Smoke [Histopathological Findings of Study of Hamsters Exposed to Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN042351-2403 [Expanded Study of Mouse Skin Exposure to Whole Fresh Smoke Condensate Compared to Skin Painting Final Report]
- CTRMN042404-2405 [Ctr Delaying Approval for Continuation of Smoke Inhalation Studies Seeks Guidance in Procuring Funding]
- CTRMN042406-2406 Bio Research Consultants, Inc. Consultants to the Tobacco Industry Since 1959, Is Now Offering A New Technology-- A Fresh Smoke Inhalation Method [Offering Smoke Inhalation Studies to Tobacco Industry]
- CTRMN042407-2422 [Results and Methods of Bioresearch Consultants' Studies Are Property of Ctr Inhalation Studies with Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN042423-2423 [Disputes Claim That His Actions Are Breach of Contract]
- CTRMN042424-2424 [Suggests Meeting with Hockett and Jacob Before Presenting Paper]
- CTRMN042425-2425 [Summarizes Conversation Publish Scientific Data But Clarify Source of Interpretations and Ownership of Patents]
- CTRMN042426-2426 [Abandon Bulletin on Inhalation Studies with Cigarette Smoke Delay Involving American Society for Testing Materials One Year]
- CTRMN042427-2427 [Abandon Bulletin on Inhalation Studies with Cigarette Smoke Delay Involving American Society for Testing Materials One Year]
- CTRMN042428-2473 [Manuscript on Strain Differences in the Response of Inbred Syrian Hamsters to Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Submitted for Approval to Publish]
- CTRMN042474-2552 "Final Report on Contract C-191 A Project Entitled "the Determination of the Usefulness of the Syrian Golden Hamster As Model Animal for Inhalation Studies"" [75 Weeks' Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Produced Various Results in Hamsters, Including Macrophages in the Lungs, Increased Heart and Lung Weights, and Decrease in Body Weight]
- CTRMN042553-2553 [Encloses Assignment for Patent No. 3528435 Seeks Direction in Withdrawing Paper at Federation Meeting]
- CTRMN042554-2554 Sugar in Tobacco [Deplores Speculation in Tobacco Controversy Reports on Successful Studies of Smoke Inhalation with Hamsters]
- CTRMN042555A-2555 Fluoride Ion Excretion After Inhalation of Several Fluoroethylene Derivatives [St Exposing Rats to Atmospheres of Fluorinated Ethylene Compounds Increased Urinary Excretion of Fluoride Ions]
- CTRMN042555B-2555 Pulmonary Histopathology of Hamsters Exposed to Smoke [St Exposing Hamsters to Cigarette Smoke Resulted in Effects on Pulmonary System]
- CTRMN042555C-2555 Response of Rats to Pyrolysis Products of Fluorinated Polymers [St Physiological Responses of Rats to Pyrolysis Products Included Diuresis]
- CTRMN042556A-2556 Tumor-Associated Alkyldialacylglycerols (Adag) and Other Lipids in the Thymus During Irradiation-Induced Leukemogenesis Pathology 2202 [St Analysis of Tumor-Associated and Other Lipids in Mice Following Radiation Doses]
- CTRMN042556B-2556 the Endocrine Role of Dietary Lipids in Mammary Tumor Formation Pathology 2203 [St Mice Fed Lipids to Determine Effect on Tumor Development]
- CTRMN042556C-2556 Effects of Altered Dietary Fat Intake on Serum Prolactin Titer Pathology 2204 [St High Fat Diet in Rats Resulted in Increased Serum Prolactin Levels]
- CTRMN042556D-2556 Altered Incorporation of 3h-Thymidine in Hamster Tracheal Epithelium Caused by Respiratory Carcinogens Pathology 2205 [St Hamster Research Suggests That Dna Damaged by Respiratory Carcinogens in Vitro Can Be Repaired]
- CTRMN042556E-2556 Histopathology of Respiratory System of Bio 15.16 Hamsters Chronically Exposed to Cigarette Smoke [St Hamsters Exposed to Smoke Had More Pathological Lesions in Their Larynxes]
- CTRMN042556F-2556 Peritoneal Mesothelioma Pathology 2207 [St Study of Patients with Symptoms of Peritoneal Mesothelioma]
- CTRMN042557-2573 Strain Differences in the Response of Inbred Syrian Hamsters to Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 53, No. 4 [St Smoke Exposure Resulted in Reduced Body Weight, Enlarged Heart and Lungs, Hyperplastic or Neoplastic Changes in the Larynx, and Microinvasive Cancer in Hamsters]
- CTRMN042574-2591 Experimental Lung Cancer Carcinogenesis and Bioassays Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Hamsters [St Smoke Inhalation Produced Hyperplastic Changes in Hamster Larynxes and Decreased Body Weight, But Did Not Affect Mortality Strain Differences Were Pronounced]
- CTRMN042592-2599 ""Smokers' Larynx" and Carcinoma of the Larynx in Syrian Hamsters Exposed to Cigarette Smoke" [St Smoke Exposure Resulted in Cancer of the Larynx and Severe Epithelial Changes in Hamsters]
- CTRMN042600-2603 Homotransplantation of Larynxes of Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Syrian Hamsters (38760) Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 149 [St Sections of Hamster Larynxes Were Transplanted Into Cheek Pouches of Other Hamsters Hyperplasia Caused by Cigarette Smoke Persisted Up to One Year Without Further Exposure to Smoke]
- CTRMN042604-2626 Differentiations in Cigarettes Off Materials Other Than Tobacco Medicine Et Hygiene, No. 1216 [St Smoke From Cigarettes Made From Cytrel Contains Less Tar Than Tobacco Smoke and No Nicotine]
- CTRMN042627-2670 Advances in Modern Toxicology New Concepts in Safety Evaluation [St Syrian Hamsters Are A Valuable Option for Animal Experiments]
- CTRMN042671A-2673 Detection of Chemical Mutagens Using Concentration Gradient Plates: Observations on Results with 414 Compounds Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 45 [St Discovery of Chemical Mutagens]
- CTRMN042671B-2673 Dominant Lethal Studies in Rats of Five Hair Die Components: 2 Nitro P Phenylenediamine, 4 Nitro O Phenylenediamine, M Phenylenediamine, 2.4 Diaminoanisoic Sulfate, and 2.5 Diaminoanisoic Sulfate Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, No. 45 [St Weak Lethality Results From Exposure of Rats to Hair Die Components]
- CTRMN042671C-2673 Motor Oil Antagonism of the Effects of So2 on Pulmonary Function in the Guinea Pig Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology No. 45 [St Motor Oils Reduced Irritancy of So2]
- CTRMN042671D-2673 Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Hamsters. I: Methods and Dosimetry Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Vol. 45 [St Hamsters Exposed to Tobacco and Cytrel Cigarette Smoke and Results Noted]
- CTRMN042671E-2673 Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Hamsters. II: Histopathological Lesions in the Respiratory Tract Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 45 [St Tobacco Smoke Resulted in Larynx Problems Including Invasive Carcinoma Cytrel Smoke Resulted in Much Less Damage]
- CTRMN042671F-2673 Pulmonary Pathology in Rats Exposed to Marijuana Smoke for One Year Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 45 [St Rats Exposed to Marijuana Smoke Developed Focal Pneumonitis in Proportion to Dosage]
- CTRMN042671G-2673 Studies on the Pulmonary Uptake of Paraquat Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 45 [St Distribution of Paraquat in Rat Lungs Was Not Uniform]
- CTRMN042674-2749 Chemical Carcinogenesis in Syrian Hamsters: A Review (Through 1976) Progress in Experimental Tumor Research, Vol. 23 [St Hamsters Are Useful Experimental Animals for A Variety of Carcinogenesis Studies]
- CTRMN042750-2764 Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Golden Hamsters Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 65, No. 3 [St Cancer Was Developed in Hamsters Exposed to Tobacco Smoke Cancer Rates Were Proportional to Smoke Concentration and Tobacco/Cytrel Ratio in Cigarettes]
- CTRMN042765-2769 Cigarette Smoke-Induced Cancer of the Larynx in Hamsters (Cinch): A Method to Assay the Carcinogenicity of Cigarette Smoke Progress in Experimental Tumor Research, Vol. 24 [St Hamster Experiments Are Valid Assay of Tobacco Smoke Carcinogenesis]
- CTRMN042770-2772 in Vivo Carcinogenesis Testing Toxicologic Pathology, Vol. 7, No. 1 [St Smoke-Inhalation Experiments with Hamsters Are Quantitative Assay Method for Relative Carcinogenicity of Cigarette Smokes]
- CTRMN042773-2782 Carcinogenesis in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract [St Carcinogens Such As Tobacco Applied to Mucous Membranes Result in Multiple Tumors Which Are Difficult to Treat]
- CTRMN042783-2787 Subchronic Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Studies in Inbred Syrian Golden Hamsters That Develop Laryngeal Carcinoma Upon Chronic Exposure Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol 71, No. 3 [St Smoke From All-Tobacco Cigarettes Caused More Respiratory and Larynx Problems Than From Cellulose-Derived Tobacco Supplement Cigarettes]
- CTRMN042788-2796 A New First-Generation Hybrid Syrian Hamster, Bio F1d Alexander for in Vivo Carcinogenesis Bioassay, As A Third Species or to Replace the Mouse Surv. Synth. Path. Res., Vol. 7 [St This Strain of Hamster Is Perhaps the Best Suited for Cancer Experiments]
- CTRMN042797-2800 [Comments on Slides From Effects of Smoke on Upper Respiratory Tract]
- CTRMN042801-2802 [Conditions for Approval of Publishing Findings]
- CTRMN042803-2810 [Disputing Ctr's Decision to Discontinue Research Chronology of Research-Related Events]
- Author
- Bohan, A.H.
- Homburger, F.
- Depository Date
- 08 Sep 1997
- Box
- 267
- Type
- TRANSCRIPT
- UCSF Legacy ID
- mmt30a00
Document Images
102
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
A. (Witness reviews document) Here is one in
1971, publication on "High Nicotine Tolerance of
Syrian Golden Hamsters." So that was before that.
On November 7, 1969, the use of inbred
Syrian hamsters was first suggested by us for the
study of the effects of rodent viruses on tobacco
smoke effects then proposed by Dr. Sim of Yale who
wished to join us for this work. CTR declined to
support this project.
m
So in '69 we were already
working with the smoking machine inhalation.
Q. Maybe my question wasn't clear, Doctor.
Let me try that again.
The contract you entered into with CTR
in -- that you returned to CTR on June 19, 1970, was
the contract to start the Syrian golden hamster
inhalation project which you eventually published
the articles we discussed, correct?
A. That's probably correct.
Q. So when you entered the contract on June
19, 1970, neither you nor CTR knew what the results
of that work would be, because it hadn't been
started yet; isn't that correct?
A. That's right.
Q. Now, Dr. Homburger, you've been critical of
DORIS 0. WONG ASSOCIATES
L.r -rR Nf "S 0`°f' 20C'.~ 9
103
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
the federal government for refusing to fund some of
your work, haven't you?
A. Yes. Not just for refusing to fund some of
my work, but for refusing to support studies in that
direction. I didn't care particularly whether we
would get support or not -- we had already the
support from the British -- but I was very concerned
that this method would be forgotten, which actually
is what happened.
Q. And you criticized the government in some
pretty strong language in the public arena, haven't
you?
A. I believe so, yes. Why not?
Q. As a matter of fact, you, after the
government had refused to fund work in areas you
thought they should and rejected applications from
you in that area, you've said that they were
stagnant; do you recall using that phrase?
A. Stagnant?
Q. Stagnant.
A. Well, that's a mild expression.
Q. And at one point didn't you say that the
control of grants in the federal government was an
oligarchy of the few controlling the grants?
DORIS 0. WONG ASSOCIATES
CTR ~'~~~ 0~-~'~'~';" ``.
104
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
A. Was an oligarchy; did I say that?
Q. I was asking you if you said that.
A. It's well said.
Q. It is well said; it's picturesque. And
what did you mean, what do you mean by that?
A., I meant that they were derelict in their
duty to the-public health.
Q. And why were they derelict?
A. Because as the work with the
British/Celanese Cytrel cigarette showed, it was
possible to demonstrate that a safer cigar-ette was
achievable, and our government agencies ignored
that.
Later the cigarette companies, Dr. Gori,
did these dilatory tactics by giving contracts to
the Institute in Philadelphia, where he probably
still works or where he worked after leaving the
NIH.
Q. What do you mean by dilatory tactics on
behalf of Dr. Gori?
A. Well, as he wrote me himself, it would
never be possible to develop our method because of
certain Senators' positions, and he didn't try.
Q. Do you have a copy of that letter?
DORIS 0. WONG ASSOCIATES
C µI"R PIN 04~'01" 1
105
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
A. I think so.
Q. Did you look at that letter this morning?
A. Not this morning, but very recently.
Q. Once again, if you have it handy --
A. I'll see whether I have it.
Q. I wasn't clear, were you blaming Dr. Gori
for being dilatory, or are you blaming the Senate
for being dilatory?
A. Well, everybody. I mean, I informed
Senator Brooke from Massachusetts of this situation,
I informed Speaker O'Neill and John McCormack. I
lobbied for money for the Public Health Service with
Mary Lasker's group long before I was familiar with
the ways in which to influence this legislation and
this funding. So I used my knowledge, to no avail.
Q. So let me see if I'm clear on what you.
did. You applied for funding with the government to
do hamster inhalation work?
A. Yes.
Q. And they turned you down?
A. Yes.
Q. You then lobbied a number of influential
politicians and people in the Public Health Service
to try to get this sort of work started, didn't you?
DORIS O. WONG'ASSOCIATES
[..r r R V-1f"3 S...A`°'f',~~0`f t2
106
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
A. Yes.
Q. And they all told you no, didn't they?
A. They didn't do anything.
Q-
They didn't do anything.
Why do you think they didn't do anything?
A. Because of the tobacco interests. I mean,
this is by now very obvious that the tobacco means
big money, not only for politicians but for a whole
living of whole states is based on tobacco income.
Q. Let me see if I understand your testimony.
Are you saying that you believe that the Tobacco
Working Group, the National Cancer Institute, the
Public Health Service and the U.S. Congress were all
in a conspiracy with the tobacco industry to shut
down this area of research?
MS. SCHNEIDER: I object to the form.
A. I wouldn't call it a conspiracy, but it
just happened to go in that direction.
Q. Well, it just happened, or was someone
trying to make it go in that direction?
A. Well, you know that as well as I do. Maybe
better.
Q. Well, since I was about 13 years old when
this happened, I really don't.
DORIS O. WONG ASSOCIATES
~TR NN 042,0`3
