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r E ® F THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONFIDfNTIAUTY AGREEMENT. CIGARETTE SMOKING AND DISEASE, 1976 . ® HEARINGS I .. stiTOlE TsE $UBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTH OT TUE COMMITTEE ON LABOR AND' PUBLIC WELFARE UNITED STATES SENATE r'IrETI •FOLTRTH CONGRESS • SECOND SESSION ON S. 2902 TO AMEXD TITLE V OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES ACT TO ESTABLISH A\ATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADVISORY COJ1)lISSIO\, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FEBRUARY 19. )SARCH 24. AND MAY 27. 1976 Printed for the use of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare U.E. GOVEItNriENT TIINTtNG OTTICE !0 Ot7 0 MAlHINGTON : 1074 C TR HN 014779

1HIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 288 CONFiDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. Senator Kt:xxEny. Our next panel is \!r. Horxcc Kornr•g:ry. Prr'i- dent. The Tobacco Institute. accompanied hv Dr. Slrt•Idun ~ommor- and Dr. Theodore D. Sterling. director of computing science l,rr,- gram. Simon Fraser University of Canada. There is a vote notv. I can probabl~• go over this this afterrroorr. I want to give ~•ou a chance and I will sta~- K•itlr ~-ou thitil tlre :i nrinutc bell rings ana then come bnck at 2:1 5 or1:8(r. If ' vou hnve got ;r hard hitting commcnt or statement you bettePmake it now becau.t•. ~~~ith :rll due respect to the press, the aftenroon hearings are not as Rell attended. You can make whatever comment you want to make now ancl tht.rj come back this afternoon. So if you would like to use the 5 or f minutes to make whatever comment you would and we will have you back at 2:15. " . Mr. Koexr.rr.»•. I am not a scientist. \fr. Chairman, so I am goirl" to ask Dr. Sommers if he .could go ahend with his statrrncnt tir-t. STATEIiEFT OF SHELDOA C. SOMMERS, M.D., DIRECTOR. I.ABORA- TORIES AT THE LEAO% HILL HOSPITAL, NEW YORK. AND PRO- FESSOR OF PATHOLOGY, COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND t3UBdIANS, • COLUISBI•A IINLQJERSITY OF NEW YORH. ACCOMPA- AIED BY HOB.ACE It. BOBAEt3eY, PRESIDENT, THE TOBACCO IN- BTITUTE, WASHIRGTON, D.C., AND THEODORE D. STERLING. Ph.D., DIEECTOR, CO1iPIITER SCIE!(CE PROGRAM, SIMON T'RASER IINI?F.BSITY, CANADA Dr. Soxist:xs. 111r. (`hairman and members of the committee. 1Jv purlwse. in response to the im•itation to present m~• personal view of the status of knowledge of smoking and henlth- Senator Kesxeni•. You mnv summarize if yon wish and then- Dr. Scat.-,tt:xx.0ivstatentent is a summam•. Senator KEx.eDY. OK. Dr. Ccranrt:R~. 'Mv purJ~. in response to the invitntiorr to present my 1>rrsonal view of the stntus of knowledge of smoking and health. is to review the newer scientific data. This mnterinl is not included in the quotntions from the 1)75 version of the L"SPH.q smnkina and hen)th report cited br Senator Hnrt as justifying bill No. ~. Cognizance of the present day knowledge by fnirnrtnded individual~ casts grave doubt on the existence of any such '°ocerwhelrning evi- dence'as claimed by the distin~,nrislred Senator. Fitst. in respect to the reported overall higher rate of death of smokers than nonsmokers, the results were obtnined h* v stntistir•al eridemiologic methods now reco¢nized a5 erroneou5 nncl u<e of is no longer regarded as justified. One to one comharisont of smokers and nonsmokers inored many confonnding .•nrrnbles. Vc Jtork:rm predicteri the result proved to be a ctntistical artifact. This resulred irom iRnoring tht•ee seriotts sourcec of error : (1) Nonrandom comrarisnnc. menning thnt smokers nnd nnrr- smokers are not random suhsets of the ponnlntion being tested. ~iuok- ers chrince to smoke and others chn(Ae nnt to smoke. antl both vro,rh- are self-selected. nnparentl' v by complex processes not hrescntlv trnder- stood. The crucial error is the use of stnticticnl methods to tert nrn1- random gr•ours. designed for and applicnble only to comraring CTR MN 014't`''80

Mr. }lorace Iiorneguy. presi- d by lir. Sheldon C. ;otnmers )r of computing science pro- Ia. go over this this aftcnroon. I v with cou until the 5 minute :2:3(t. If you have got a hard • make it umw becouse. with all arings are not as.cell attended. u want to make now and then would like to use the 5 or 6 r would and we will have you Mr. Chairman, so I atn going head with his statement first. S, N.D., DIRECTOR, LABORA- (TAL, AEW YORg, AND PRO- OE OF PHYSICIAlPS AND ' OF NEW YORH, ACCOMPA• tESIDEAT, THE TOBACCO IA• ) THEODORE D. STERLING. 'E PROGRAM, SIMON FRbSER ~mbcrs of the committee. Nkc: ' ~ present m%• personal view of ~ea)tlt- •ite if~,%•nu wish utd then--- ry. ~ ,ze to the invitation to present ledr,e of smokinfi and health. ris mnterinl is not included in -P •if the l-SP}1~ smokingy ancl - s justifying lril) \o. S. 2902 ge by fairminded indicidunlx 1 rny such "o~•er~~~helminF e~•i- _ •nator. ?rall higher rate of death of were obtained bc -statisticnl " is erroneous nnd u-e of a•hich n nne compariconc of smokers ndin- vnrrnhle-. As 14erksnn tistical artifact. This resulted •or : ing thnt smokers and nnn- otcnlation being tested. Snrnk- nt to smnke, and lxtth grnup,~ rrnce&ses not rrescntly iurcleri ntisticnl methods to te.ct nnn• rplicnble only to comparing THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 269 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. random groups. Rolliug the loadc•c) dic•c• statistir•nlly );ice. att inc,lid ansa•er. (2) lkJxndeucc• on limited statistical tests for proof. 11'Lc•rr lto-c• and Bell wrote their moatogral,h on rrrdicting lnrrt,.evit., ther resrc•cl factors that might be as.,~ociated with earlyrefu)1y death among a grou J~ of Boston lt'orld 11'ar rI veterans, followed cafu)1y for 3U yeart. A one- to-one comparison of cigarette smoker*tand nonsmokers gave sn,oking thc ntunler one plucx as u predictor. like in nrnn}• other stodie-. lloc% - ever, when multiple factors vr•em included statistically cigarette smoking dropped to somewhere beyond thc• 3uth mou si~rulr,•:rrlr predictor of early death. I)issatisfactinu with jnh l,,ecanu• th~• nunrLrr one predictor. 1 (3) Secularitt•. meaniitg the change in habit l,ntterus of thc• pnl.u• lation from aboitt I:+lu to 1960, xawith increatied J,roPortrnt,; of ette smnker` in each decad(•: A model population (not a t•c•al Ju)l,ul:i- tion) with strch chnuges nver equal tiuic .cill show n stntt=tte:rllx signiticant inc•rvase ill total denth rate as a minoritv ch:nrp•= tmN:,nl a majuritv. This secu)nrity fnctor or S1Lnngc• ill Jrolrulntiou patrrrtl• has rnn health imrlication. For example. ill the original Stn-v(-u Generul's report a tahle showed pipe smnkers to hnve n lo«er cl(-atlj rate than notrsmokem. 11'hi)c• encouraginfi H belief that IrIIH. =tt,u~c r= n•ere the sturdiest humans, a be.ttcr explanation i~•ou)d be thc secularity effect. There were fewer pipe smokers ill each decade. the converse of cigarette smokers. These data are published and available for all to read.l\-hn- ]t:rve tLc• proposers of the bill not heard of them ? It is becnusc tlic• antnt:tl supplements to the Sur eon General's report on smoking and hcaltl~ are limited reviews anrinterJtretations of the medical and ic•ientific literature, from which are screened out articles that do not agree with. call into question. or destror arguments and conclusions supporriVe of the official Government position. As an examJrle, in a presentation prepared for hearing, on n 1~r~~- pos:rl h~• Senntor ~tos.c of I'tah to limit by law the amnunt!z of ni-tinr and cnndencate, sn called tar. in cignrettes. I Jxiinted ont ill thar approximately 1.i91 articles published since 1960 vcere not cited. Lists of these ;vere supJrliecl. On ncrasiou. publications not suhlrortin; the official positinti )reeu suPJrres=ed. The epidemiolofirc proLlemse slrortc•nminre nnd errur= were aired at a panel meeting at the AAAS in 1971. so the abnve is not secret informntion. One regrets that the prohnsers of the I-ill 1,:'A- f• not been made aware of the serions defects. obsolescence. hins nncl incompleteness of the information on which the.% • appear to b:rsc the current proposed bill. Xm%.. au to ]rurg cancer. there is a statistical ns-ncintimr l~of~~~•ru ci~,*u•ette smokinr nnd Jtnte cancer. But at present thr nnturc• of tllc• assoointion or whether it is causal are not known. The test of tLc• orioinal Surgeon General's report deals with the difliculties of :rs' 4zi_•n- ing cancnlit.%•. hut the summnry and cnnclu-4nns brush the-c• nnd assigrt a causnlit\• not demonstrablIV evident in the text. It i~ widcJv known that n statistical as.cncintinn i~ not hN • itk•lf t1t•nnf of catrsntinn. A atatistical assnciatinm mn r troint to exJxvinu•nts thnt ~~ ill helptodetermine R•hethertherr ixcnuce involved. Animal esperiments to my know•led1±e have not succeedecl in thc rrvxlnctinn nf so-called human type lnng cancers in n significnnt lret- t•entnge of an.N• sPecies tested. . CTR M~~ 014~f='6-1-

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO ' 270 WNFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT, Senator KttcN-zDy. Doctor, I am going to have to go. I only have 4 u ' m tutes to gret over there. " e will recess to •rrcaxoox Basto. ~. Senator IaNxcaY. We R•ill come to order. Dr. Sommers, would you continue ? Dr. Soxxcas. In the interest of saving time, before the lunch break. I did not identify myself. I am Sheldoti C. Sommers. i11.D., director of laboratories. Lenox Hill Hospital, New York; clinical professor of Pathology, Columbia Ltniversitv Collef,~e of Physicians and Snriteons, New York, and l ni- versit}- of Sonthern California, Los AnFeles; editor of the Pntholou~• Annual and Pathology Decennial Series; chairman of the Scientifi,Adt'ison• $oard, Cbuncil for Tobacco Research. t'.S.A.. Inc.; with about 260pub1ications. Mr curriculum vitae and publication list are available. I irould like to briefly recnpitulnte the points made already. if vou would like. \1r. Chairman. Diy purJwse, in respnnsc to the invitation to present m~• personal ~-ien• of the status of ktiowledge of smoking and health, is to review the newer scientific data. This material is not included in the quota- tions from the 1975 version of the t'SPHS smoking and health report cited bv Senator Hart as justifying bill S. 29o-3. First, in respect to the reported overall higher death rates of smok- ers than nonsmokers. thc results were obtained by statistical epide- miologic methods now recognized as errnneottc and use of which is no longer regarded as justified. Nonrandom comllarisons. meaning that smokers nnd nonsmokers are not random subsets of the population being tested. Kumber two, dependence ott limited statistical tests for proof. When Rose nnd Bell wrote their monograph on predictinc longe.•it.N•. thev tested factors that might hc associated with early death among . ~ a9 roup 01 noslon ii ol7u ii ar J) vrlrrana. Ju1Fui.ru cri1.-iui~1 ~~.j yen rs '11. A one-to-onc comparison of cigarette smokers and nnnmloker- gnve smnking the numlwr one place nc n predictor. like in mnn.- nther ~ studies. Hmcever, when multiple factor:~ were inclnded ~tnti:ticnll~, ~ ciLmrette smoking droptled to somewhere beyond the 30th most sia- nifirnnt nredictor of early death. Third, secularity. mennine the changm in habit patterns of thr hopn- lntinn from abont*1Q1(1 to 1AR(l..rith increased proportions of cigarette t A model ronnlntion. not a real pnpltlntlon. 1 smoker, in each decadc . ~x with such clranres~ over e(lllal time will show a statlstlC•11l\• stg~tltfic8nt ~ increase in totnl denth rate nc n minority changes toward a maioritN•. i Thic cec»larity factor or change in population patterns has no health implicntinn '. For example. in tlle original Surgeon General's report a tllilc nnn~m~lc~ r,• ~ sllna•ed pipe smokers to have a lower death rate. t1.R. than 1Chilc encouraging a lx~lief that pitle t;mnkers were tho stnr~lie~t humnns, n better explanation ~rould hc the crcularit}• effcct. t tiow, ac tp limw canrcr. there is a statistical association hotccecil ; cigarette smnkin_ and lnng cancer. Rnt at the present the nnture of the aFsociatinn. or whether it is causal are not 1cnoRn. ! CTR t I t''! 0147822

tastoN rder. ng time, before the lunch break, lirector of laboratories. Lenox )feasor of Pathology, Columbia Surgeons. New York. and l-ni- nFeles; editor of the Pathology ies; chairmnn of the Scientific i Research. U.S.A.. Inc.; with list are available. he points made already, if you itation to present my personal ioking and health. is to review al is not included in the quota- 'HS smoking and health report I S. 2902. •all higher death r><tes of amok- • e obtained by atatistical epide- rroneous and use of which-is no _ - that smo)torrs and nonsmokers m beit(R tested. ted statistical tests for proof. ),,rahh on Dredictin¢ longe~•it%•. ~ )ciated with e,arly death among ?rans. followed carefully for 3() ~ctte smokers and nonFmokers a predictor. like in many other '; om were included statisticallv. here beyond the 3nth most sig- ze in habit patterns of the pr,Pti&- ,_ I creased proportions of eiftarette . nulat ion. not aIraJ populotion. II shoR a statistsealh- aiR•nificnnt - rity chnnges toRarcl a maiorit}•. >pulation patterns has no health -F raenn General's report a table leath rate. ri.F. thnn nnn1mnkerce po smokers were the sturdiest M the secularity eftert. . statistical association between tut at the present the nature of .1 are not known. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 271 CUNFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENL The te%t of the original Surgeon Ge.neral's report deals .citL tl,L• ditfiirultieb of "iFning cnusality, but the summtn•. and ~-onclji-ioi:- brush thi-x• aside.and assign a causality not detuoitstrably e%idt•tjt itt the text. One wonders about the Surgeon Peneral's report. because it turns out to be a limited review. Articles are screened out that do not =up- 1K,rt the ofticial (io%i•rnment position: Senutor Iit:xx>an-. That ts a very serious charge, Doctor. as .•ou well knme. 1\'hat You are accuFing is the Surgeon (ireneral. and Dr. Cooper and others; ~ou are accusine them of 1,•ing, and fraud, and dereivtng the public. That ie tlte way 1 read tltat language. 1>r. Suat~tr.rtc• \ o. str. . Senator Kr.XXEDY. Well...•hat do you call the selective chnire± I)r. SWN tateac. Sir? Senator Ia:xxsm. That do not agree with. Dr. SuxateRC. Sir. if you r•ead the entire scientific literature- Senator }ir.xxr.nr. I am not a scientist. I am talkiuF about .•our ac- cusntion herr. and that Ynu tnight have a different interl>retntimt of the English 1anFuagr, but I would interpret whnt ~•ou ~cer•e stating here about the selective use of fact and fiQure~ that onl~• agree ~~ itl~ and support a Position. as accusing them of misleading. misrepre;ertt- ing, and committing a fraud in terms of their responsibility. Dt•. No.sir.that 15not true. Tltt•it resl>nnsibility is to inform the public. as I nnderstnwl it. of the danpers of cigarettes with respect to health. MY interest is in disease, and the causes. and pathogenesis of di=ensc. \1 P evidently read ditfirrent literature. Senntor Kt:~xr.r~r. Well. is that not what you are saving here : I>r. S~nr>teKS. Sir. if I ma%• coutimte------ Senator• Kt•:xxenY. That 'is. there is no question about -har tL(snbstunce of the rerrescntntion that they are makinF, and tLat ir ti:t caus-e and re)ntimiship between cigarette smoking and cancer. heart disea,;P. and other lung diseasec. \mw. that hac 64,11 nrnde by the Surgeon (;;enernl. ltr. Ran-rher of the National ('ancer Institute. the two outstanding \olK-l Prize win net•s,and the ChC. .Now, if the substance and thrust of your testimony is to dot I'~. and cross T's. talk about different aspects and sn.• thnt tlu•rc can hP differing internr•etationst that is one thing. If .•ou nre trying. h%• vmtr testimnnr, to impeach the overwhelming substnnce nf 'their 'conclu- sion, that is something else. '.N oIN•. -.vhich is it ? Are vott challengin- their ba~ic and funclamental conclusionz. atld that is ahOllt the cause ancl relationship between smoking nnrl cancer f That is whnt vnn nrr nttncking. Dr. Smtar:ac. \fV personnl belief. sir. is that the cnu:ative relatinn- ship of cignrette smnkin~ to lung cancer is not proved. Senator I~rxxr.m. \ot prctaf,tn what? To an all-olutc intinirr certnintv I mean. dnes am-thinz get proven, an~• more than this partlClllat' fnctrn•. in termr of inedical conclu5ion? Dr. Suav%ter.s. Sir, the data available do not support the conclttrionz. CTR f~t~`~ 0~.4'~%634

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 272 DONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENL Senator KtrvwT. Well, how are we supposed to understand all thisT The best scientists that are available, in terms of responsibilities to the public, all agree. • • What do you know that the Nobel Aize winners do not know? Dr. Soxxrats. Sir- • Senator KexirrmY. Or what information do vou have that the 1)e- partment of Health does not htve, or the CDC has not got, or the Surgeon General has not.Fot t Dr. SoxxEtes. Sir, I cannot answer that question, because I do not know what information these different individuals have. All I can.F,ay to you is, sir, that I have been in cancer research for 40 vears. kenator Kexxr.nr. I do not know Rh~- you make a statement ~~ou do not know. The~• are all published reports. Dr. Sox~ctats. From their pttblished rQports, sir, I conclude that the data are insufficient to support the conclusions, that is. for examplc•. cigarette smoking is the major cause or a mnjor cause of lung cancei Senator Iizxrr~r. Do vou think it has any relationship? Dr. Soxxetta. I think it has an association. sir. It is in my statement. if I mav continue. Senitor Ktt. xmr. To what e=tent 4 Dr. SOYYLRS. If I may continue, it will be in my statement. In respect to the 1972 hearing by Senator Aioss of t'tah. it Rac pointed out that approzimatel~• 1,7 90 articles published since 196v Rert• not cited. Lists of these were supplied. We will be glad to update that list to this vear. Tow. as to lung c,ancer, there. is a statistical association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. But at present the nature of asso- ciatton, or whether it is cattsal are not known. The text of the original Surgeon General's report deals with the difficulties of assigning causality, but the summary and conclusions brush these aside. and migm a causality not demonstrablv evideni in the text. It is RidelvknoRn that a statistical association is not by itself proof of causation. A statistical association may point to experiments that will help to determine whether there is cause involved. Animal ezperiments, to my knowledge. have not succeeded in the production- Senator Kt:rxsny. Before we leave, is that all vou are going to say about the associat ions of cigarette smoking and cancer? Dr. Soxxsxs. \o. sir, I am Froingto it right now. This includes inbred mice exix)sed to heavy cigarette smoke inlial;i- tion over practically their entire lifespatt. t'erlaun false alarms like the Auerbach beagle do and other studies of rats and mice. hi%e stirred hope t.hat a model been achieved, but no cancers that grew. spread. and led to death like human squamous cell lung carcinomas have been reported in animals. After 45 vears of inhalation research. and although expensive efforts continue, no succeas has been achieved in proclucinF experimental lung cancers in any reasonable, or even small numbers of experimental animals. Skin painting is cited in the bill proposal as part of the evidence of carcinopenicity of tobacco smoke condensates. Suffice to snv that in the past 5years, skin painting of animals with tobacco condensate ha~ L,, TR ! t t"t 014784

we swposed to understand all able, in terms of responsibilities Prize winners do not katovr? stion do you have that the De- r the CDC has not got, or the that question. because I do not t individuals'Aave. a.•e been in cancer research for tv vou make a statement you do s. reporur sir, I conclude that the nclusions, that is. for example, r a mnjor cause of lung cancet is any relationshipt ation. sir. It is in my statement. 3* . cill be in my statement. Senator rfoss of L'tah. it Qas •ticles published sinoe 1960 were :his vear. statistical antociation bet.reen t at present the nature of asso- toRn./ :eneral's report deals with the the summar%• and conclusions :v not demonstrably evident in :iical association is not bv itself ition may point to ezperiments I ere is cause involved. ige, have not succeeded in the" , -. is that all you are going to say ;ng and cancer t right now. heat•~• cigarette smoke inhila- pan. t'ertatn false ilarms like itudies of rats and mice. have eved, but no cnncers that grew, -quamous cell lung carcinomas and althouFli expensive e8orts n producing experimental lung ,)all numbers of experimental ~ •osal as part of the evidence of tsates. Suffice to say that in the with tobacco condensate has THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 273 CONFIDENT1ALlTY AGREEMENT. vielded so few tumors, either benign or maliFnunt. that tlj(• practwo haspractit`ally been gi.•en up. Only a feu• govertuneiutal agency exl,rrn• mentsconttnue. Why tumors were produced years ago following skin pairninF but are now rarely produced is unknown. An English book review of a work on tobacco and carcinogenesislit ated that if in the the author had not reported 44 percent skili tumors when other laborat orit•z~ were finding 3 to 5 percent, this field of research might have develol)cd in a more orderly way. On what basis is the claimm}de of 90,(K)O lung cancer cases her year? It is based on death certificates, which are not sctentific doc•nmvrntsi and in general are not corrected by finding~ if an autopsy is lrorforn1eci. Senator ht:xxcnr. lt'ltat lx•rcent do you think ? Dr. SoiturJes. Sir, I come t.o that-I think the- Senator Kax.rEnY. If you can answer my qnestions. becanso Rt, are discussing this point now. You keep saying we are coming to it. and then we are tx-.yond tlw fact. , Dr. Souattxs. I believe the excess factor at least is two-fold in- voh•ed- Senator K>Exxarn•. Ilb you think there are 45,0(x) lung cancer casesl Dr. So3ixexs. I doubt it, sir. Senator fitNxtnr. You said twofold factor. Dr. SouKt:xs. At least twofold. Senator hExxtyn . R'el l, is it 30,060? Dr. Somxcas. Sir, there is no way of determining it. Senator KEx.rDr. Do you thinti it is more than 10,000? Dr. Soatiitexs. I ima ine. Senator }aft is more than ]0.ON. If it is more thnn then why does not this approach make sense, that we are talkin," about here? Dr. SouatcRt. The approach totax- Senator Yes.:~fore than ](t.0(1(i people. WhY does this not make sense, then ? Dr. SOatMERS. Sir. because there is no animal, or other ex1N•rimentll proof. that cigarette oondensate, which you call tar, is a producer of cancer. Senator ICtx\-iny. n'el1, I thought you just said that it was. Dr. So7N11Enl+. No, sir. There has beeti no success in animal experi- ments to produce lunF cancerc like those in Lnman beings. Senator I:Exxtnl•. Well, I have diflicultv following your lino of reasoning there. You are prepared to say there is a given percentngc of cancer because of tobacco, and you are prepared to say it is at least ta•ofold, and then when we give you one-ninth of that, and then y-on move off that fil;ure. Dr. Soxxtnr;. Well, sir, if I may explain, the 10,000. or wltateVcr number of lung cancer cases, like manr other types of cancer. are in my opinion, of unknown cause. You htire accepied cigarette smoking a5 a cause. The evidence, in m}• opinion, does not support that. Senator I1EocF.m-. Do you think it is a cause? One of the cause=? Dr. Soxxr.ee. I'think it might be a cause, but I do not think it has ever been proved. C~°R ~°~N 0~.4~<~~

1'HIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 274 pUNFlDENTIAUTY AGREEMENL Senator Kexxcnr. Do you, or do you not think that it is a cau.'e? Dr. Soitstr.ac. I have ezpressed myself clearly, sir, that I do not be- 1ievc that it has becn proved a cause. Senator htx. soy. Go ahead. Dr. SoxxERs. ll'hen anilysis has been undertaken of:the accuracv of a death certificate dialmnsis of lung cancer. when compared with autopsy findings, slightl~•'less than 50 psment were found to be accurate. Pneumonia and tumors spreading to the hings from other parts of the body, so-called metastases, are most often mistaken for lung can- cer. ReFrettably. we lack a sound data base bV which to establish the true incidence of lung cancar. The figures appear exaggerated tRofold • at least. Lung cancer is not an entity either pathologically or etiologically. There are some 10 dif(erent varieties of lung cancer, each of which is likelv a different disease with a different causation. One type called oat-cell carcinoma recently was reported in nproup of chemical workers, most of whom were nonsmokers, and it appeared that smokers in the same plant were in some a-ay protected. Time. scholatship, and money are needed to work out these dtfficttlt problems. Chronic pulmonarv disease, also'called bronchitis-emph~•sema. or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease• is a serious public liealth prob- 1em. R'hen a disease has several names, it is an indication that not verY much is known about it. Emphysema of the lungs is difficult to diagnose clinically. Also ' patholoiically it is difficult to establish its presence. type and extent. ''even when a panel of ezpertse:amines whole lung sections. These large sections are only available in a few research centers. Experts examining such sections. it was reported, could reach no agreement on whether. how much and what type of emphysema was present. ' Senator HART. Doctor, excuse me just a second. The first page of your statement, you talk about the Berkson stud.•. Dr. Soxur.xs. Yes,sir. Senator HART. Xow. what Ras the date of that Y Dr. Soxst-Exs. It is given in the references on the last page. Senator HAxr.1A55? Dr. Soxxtas.1935. Senator HART. It seems to me that much of orhat vou talk about. thereafter, is based upon that study, is that correct T' Dr. SoxartRS. No. nothing thereafter is based on that stud* v. Senator HART. Page 2, paragraph 3, refers to data collected from 1919 to 1960. You talk about the Berkt;on predictions. and so on. I just wonder how valid that would be 20 years ago? Dr. Soxmenc. Some 1•er~• wise things were said about smoking and health 20 years ago. Berkson simply predicted that when the fnct= were out, or the science was impro~ed, the relationship would be a ver} spurious artifact. v I simply state that I feel he has been supported. Senator H.+nr. Thank you very much. Senator KE%.rrny. Have you done any research in this area }'ourself recentlv i Dr. Soxxms.'Yes. sir, the day before yeeterday. C~°R HN 01 ~~~~'86

>u not+think that it is a cause? •lf clearly, sir, that I do not be- en undertaken of the accuracv g cancer, when compared with 50 percent were found to be - the lungs from other parts of t often mistaken for lung can- base by which to establish~ ~es appear exaggerated tRo pathologically or etiologtcally. f lung cancer, each of which is causation. cently was reported in a group re nonsrookers, and it appeared in some Rav protected. Time, o,rk out these dtfficult problemsd lled bronchitis-emphrsema, or is a serious public heilth prob- it is an indication that not veaW- t to diagnose clinically. Also its presence, type ande:tent. •hole lung sections. These large rch ceAters. Experts examining ach no agreement on whether, was present. a second. •. alk about the Berkson studA •ofthatf ces on the last page. nuch of whnt you talk about, :hat correct P is based on that study. refers to data collected from s. and so on. 20 years ago? were said about smoking and -redicted that when the facts the relationship would be a pported. research in this area yourself est erd a y. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 275 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. Senator KExrmr. Could you submit the reports? Could N•ou file thF reports? ' Dr. SouuEes. They Tsre also published in the medical literature. Senator KENrEOr. When is the last one, and what medical literx- ture? Dr. SoxxERs. The laBt one that dealt*rith lung cancer specifically % - Senator KEN xEDr. Yes, all right. Dr. SoxxERs: The last one? ' Senator KEN-xmr. That is right. Dr. Soxxcxs. In the nei ghborhood of 1958, I believe. Senator KsNxEDr.19581 Dr. SokxExs. I believe. - Senator KEXxEDr. R'hy have you not published in that area since then? Dr. SoxatEns. Sii, I have not had the material available. Senator KExxEDY.What doyou mean by that ? Dr. SoxxExs. I am a patholoRist, «orkinR with human autopsy. and surgical specimens, and the hospital Rhere I have worked since that time did not have• enou- gli cases on which to base a good sttidv. Senator FiE~N-Eay. What is the basis of vow• testunom• here todov? Dr. Sostxrau:. 11fy continuing interest, and study in tlie field, and a par on.rhich I am now working. Enator KE. xfnr. On .rhat. on the lung ? Dr. Sox a Exs. On t h e l unF, si r. Senator KEN-xEDr. R'hen will it be published ? Dr. SoxxEn.c. Sir, I anticipate within a year. Senator KEx.Ear. But you have done no original research that has been the basis of publication in 18 years f Dr. SoxxExs. It ma~• betrue,sir. Senator KE\\EDr. And you are the best fellow that the industry could come up with? Dr. Soxxcrtc. Sir. knowledge in the held involves reading as well as research, and I am actively interested in the field. As one gets older, sir, one leaves research somewhat to younger people. Senator HAxT. OrN`obel prize Rinners? Senator KENxenr. I do not know how old they are. Dr. So~txExs. If I could respond to that. Thou- gentlemen were virologists. and so far as I know, they never worked on lung cancer, and the last Nobel prize given for lung cancer Ras to Fibi>'er for producing it in rats with worms-it is one of the blots on the \ obel prize historv- fienntor Kr.vxenr. Well, I*am sure thev will be intereiited in Your medical evaluation of their scientific contribution. Dr. Sna>tsRC. I know thev are x•onderfol virologists. Senator KENxmT.Of eourse, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathol- og,• which is probably the outstanding center of the world. qitite frankly, completely agrees and supports the Surgeon t;eneral's posi- tion. and does not support yourc. So I think when Re• are talkinR about biolog,•. and pathology, that that ought to be noted forthe record as well. Senator HAx~r. Could I ask for a reference on a previous page. pAae i. of your prepared statement, where you discussed the analysis of the eccuracy of death certificatest CTR Hh~ .~ 14 ~ ~'7

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 276 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. Dr. Soxxnts. Yes, that is given-those are references number 1! and 11, and they are cited more recently in other publications. SenatorKirx.venr.ll'e hope you send us a copy of your paper. Dr. SoxxLu. I will b46lad to sir. Senator IizN xtDr. Why do we not continue ? • Dr. Soxmr.xs. May I coatinue? SenatorKz.xmr.Please. ~ Dr. Soxxrsts. In the current limited state of knowledge, blaming cigarettes as a cause is premature. Note that emphysema is largel~ :, disease of white men. Black men exposed to the same encironment, ii.- cluding cigarette smokinB, scarcely ever develop emphysema. Women likewise are uncommonly affected. A claim that the cause of emphysenia is known, if ancthing. tends to inhibit resea rch. Coronary heart disease is considered the most common cause of deat!, in the L;ntted StatEs, a8ecting particularly males, the overweight, the diabetic, and individuals %cith certain inherited lipid diseases. T1., Framingham data originally publicized do not withstand critica? evaluation. Studies of twins discordant for smokinQ hace indicated that thr strongest factor is evidently Renetic or constitutional. A certain l,er- sonaltt}• type has been discovered with a striving, time and pressurr life style, evidently particularly predisposed to coronary diseases. To- day actice researchers look elsewhere than cigarettes for the causes of coronarc heart disease. A decision to tax cigarettes in proportion to nicotine and'•tar" would be based on doubtful, specious or mistaken infortttation. The original Surgeon General's report. for example, stated that nicotine is probablY not a significant health hazard. No new persuasive studies contradict this generally held opinion. Etiologic conclusions based upon cigarette condensate (so-callyd tar) suffer from the demonstration that fresh condensate free of arti- facts of storage has cirtually no tumor producing quality. In summary, I wish for better health for Americans. and halr worked hard in the field for 35 cears. In my considered opinion. the bill proposed is scientifically unjustified. and if passed. would Fener- ate such huge sttms of mone}• as would be likely to co-opt and to corrupt most of our medical and scientific research efTort. Thank vou. Senotor Kexrenr. Corrupt and co-opt - and corrupt our medical scientists. Well, T think ecer}• scientific researcher would be interested in that statement, as well. Let me ask vou,what scientific stud,v, what publications in the la;t five years. support your position? Dr. Soxucxs. There are a large number of tliem. sir and I would refer vou to the work of Dr. Philip Burch of England. In EnRlancl there is a somewhat more open medical nress and sense of fair plav. and his controrersy with Sir Richard Doll which is going on. includin.- 19TS. I think you will find very interesting. Senator KixxcnY. Dr. Birch, and what is his - w•hat is the thnist ofhisw•orkf Dr. CoxxExs. I will give you the references. Professor - CT R H U--if 0 1 4 77 6 6

-those are references number 10 .y in oj.her publications. d us a cop~' of your paper. ontinue ? ;ed state of knowledge, blaming ote that emph%•sema is largely a sed to the same environment, in- ver develop emph~•sema. Women laim that the cause of emphysema resea rch. I the most common cause of death ularl.• males, the oversreight, the in itiherited lipid diseases. The :ized do not withstand critical -noking have indicated that the :)r constitutional. A certain per- th a striving, time and pressure, isposed to coronary diseases. To= than cigarettes for the causes of rtion to nicotine and `'tar" would taken information. The original :, stated#hat nicotine is probably ict this generally held opinione ziRar6tte condensate (so-called at fresh condensate free of arti- producing quality. ealtli for Americans. and have . In mY considered opinion, the - ied. and if passed. R-ould gener- be Iikely to co-opt and to corrupt .rch effort. -opt - and corrupt our medical cher would be-inteted;tedan thftk_~,:: lv, a-hat-publications in tlu-bst- tmber of them. sir and I would Burch of England. In England nress and sense of fair plar, and .11 which is going on. including ing. xhat is his - R•hat is the thrnst !rences. X THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 277 CONfIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. Senator liE~N-mr. Give me the name of the article. lir.,oxxEtca. Oh, vrell,1 cau give you some references, sir. That is aew jcientist, 1974. February 21 issue, and FeLruar% issue. The 1975 is in various issues of Lancet and British Jlrlcal Journal. ,enatorKE.NEar. Give me the name of the article. Dr. SoxxEEns. The name of the arti$je-is "jmoking as a Cause of " Lung Cancer. Senator IExxmr. All right. Now, that is one. ti1'bat are the others t . Dr. SoxxERs. In respect to emphysema, in addition to the articlcs I cited, there are a number of papers by Russell P. Sherwin. They af~- peared in the Pathology Annual, about ly6e, and again - Senator Iit\-xEaz. I am not asking you for lyGe, but the last five yea rs. Dr.SomMER6. Oh. in the pulmonary pathology seminat•, published i>> 1975, there were articles by Dr. Thurlbecl• and llr. Sherwin. reviei% in~ the subject, and with respect to coronarydisease, there are a nunil,er of articles. Senator hE-,-,Eny. Is this on efnphrsema and smoktng' Dr. SOxMERS. Yes, sir. SenatorliEx.,;Enr.The causal relationship between smoking and - Dr. Soxmmas. No, it discusses emphysema as a disease in relation to its development, and the possible causative factor. Senator I:ExrEny. And it has discussed smoking in that. too ? Dr. SommExs. Smoking is included in the discussion. Senator Ii.ExxEOr. And what conclusion did thev reach % Dr. SoxxExs. That since it is so hard to define the disease by pre,ent methods, it ishard to implicate any factorscausinR it. Senator Iitxxi:or. That is the conclusion of the Thurlbeck article ~ Dr. Som xERs. Of that particular article, yes. Also. the article cited in the references here. Senator IiE..Nmr. That is two. What other ones ? Dr. Sox•rERs. On emphysema. sir ? Senator K.c.~zor. 1o; on lungs and cancer, and oancer of the lung. Dr. SoxxERs. I have a pack of reference cards this thick in tny ba~. Senator fiENvEar. \o; you are here as an expert. I am just askit~" the last 5 vears•. Iwoula expect that you could be able to kickoff at least half a dozPii prettv quickly. You are here as an expert witness. and you ought to be abje to,since you have not done any research directl.,.• but are relYin• on other peoples' a•ork. Dr. Soat?fER:. Yes. article by Weir and Mitchell iu Cancer 1976. In respect to carcinoma- Senator KtxxEnr. A'hat is Weir and Mitchell's article on? Dr. SoxuERS. The '"'eir and Mitchell article dealt R-ith.lung cancer. and the difficulties in diagnosis and classification. It drew the conclusion that with the little we know it would be pre- mature to draw an etiologic conclusion. including cigarette smokin1g. Senator hExxEnr. That it-excuse me t Dr. SoxuExs. It would be premature to draw an etiologic conclusion from cigarette smoking.

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 278 AMOMMUn AGREEMENT. Senator KxN'.%;ZDY. Would you say those are the Ieading three. or do you want to add a couple more, just so we got the last couple, and we hace your prime references? Dr. Soxxm. R'ell,sir, there are a4arge number. Senator liEx,%*soY..No; just the top.couple, that come to mind, within the last 5 years; studies that you are relying on. Dr. Soxxetts. In r+elation to the cigarette as a- Senator Kt:xxto:. E:actly. That is right. Dr. SoYxtxs. There has been cer~ recent interest in this. In term~ of the pathological lit.erature, and the epidemological literature, is re• viewed and summarized bv Professor Burch. Senator ht.rrtnr. S1'ef1, that is the problem, you see. it seems that you are referring to the old studies. We asked You what the new studies that support your position- you seem to have some difficulty in finding them, or naming them. Dr. Somutrts. There are a number, sir. Senator liExN-mr. Give me the. last two or three that you think are the leading ones, in the leading medical journals in the country. that support your position. Dr. Soxut:aF. In my position, there is not enough that is known about lung cancer. . Senator Iaxxzny. Well, that supports your position thit it has not been proved about the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Let me state that very definitirely. very preciselr. You say ~ou ha~~c not done the research vourself in this area. You are relcinF on other testimony, and other publications. T o.r, name them. Dr. Soxxtxs. Sir, the basis of my understanding is readin: in the field for 40 t•ears, and investigations in the .field. and most diffi-utt thinq to prove in science is a negative. But the fact that no article= producing conclusire proof of a positive. causative efiect year aftrr year. indtcates it perhaps does not even exist. So.•ou are asking me to prove the negative. Senator Hatrr. Will the chairman yield ? Senator KEx%aaT. Yes. Senator Haxr. I think the chairman is asking the same qnection I am. The first sentence in .our prepared remarks sa' vs You are goinL, to review the newer scientific data. not analrze the Iack or absence. You state vou.riil discum newer scientific data. Now. I look over the references in your statement. there are 3 documents out of 13 that are dated 1975. .%1r potition, frnnklr. and I think to a certain defirPr. the chnirman'; is based on the 197s HEW reports. Senator '.Nlorgan said there was morf infnrmation than that. We want to be procided.rith that newer information. We are not talking about prorint?the negntire. We nrc talkina;thnut thic new scientific data that you refer to, and some pro~~lc thic mnrnine referred to in their testimonv. R'e have three article" herethat have 1975 data on it. N'on-, we are at a loss here.because there are no footnotes. You make Fomp cdternrical asvrtinnc ahnut the state of the infnrma• tion nntl the e.•idence. and list 1R articles. We do not knnn' whirh ar• ticleF--Rhich one refers to which statement. That would be helpful. V, CTR H~ ~~~~~~

e leading three, or do e last couple, and NTe come to mind, within rest in this. In terms .gical literature, is re- you see, it seems that ,port your position- or naming them. •ee that you think are : in the country, that nough that is known asition that it has not KinR and lung cancer. el}-. You sar vou have , are relyi.ng on other jing is reading in the Id. and most difficult--- ! fact that no articles itive effect year after he same qnestion I am. sars ~•ou are ~,+oinr to e lack or absence. You t tatement. there are 3 degree. the chairman's ` -an said there was more- ormation. ~. We nre talkinr about -ne people thir morning a on it. . )o footnotes. ne state of tlie informa- dn not knnR which ar- I'hat would he helpful. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 279 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. if you would provide them. Three are dated 195;,. and then you go to the 1960's. 1 am talking about the HE1t' report. '•Health Con:rqitense~ of Smoking." %chere on page 15 it sav~--- Coronarj heart disease is the major cause of death in-tbe L'nited StatrS. alad la the most Important single cause of e:ceai morulltp among cigarette en,oler- I am referring to paRe 65, which saV-- Ctprette amoking ia the most Important cause of chronic obstructice pulmonary dlsrase, emphfaema, and broncIIlUs. I think it is, in a sense, with regard to this report, that we %cant the newer scientific data whieh you have promised. Dr. SoxxExs. In addition t,o.vhat.ras already cited there are three papers b* v the Leuchtenbergers, orho work in tiwitzerland. they point out that if vou use condensates, so-called tar, in their model system. it has no relationship to the'development of abnormal changes. whicln they regard as possibly cancerous, and if there is any part of the ciga,- rette that might be held responsible. it is not the condensate. Those are the three papers in 1974. Senator H..Rr. But those are neRer than the HE11' report ? Dr. SouxERs. Yes. Senator HARr. June 1975 ! Dr. SoYUEx.c. Yes. If `ou will look at the reference in the HEAV report, in certain se.ctions. about a third of them were within •% Venrs of the report, in others, about half of them within 2vcars of the report. So the references used in that report also go back quite n nttnlber of yea rs. Senator HaRT. But the Assistant Secretary for Health sipied tlti~ in Tune 1975. and I presume he agreed with the conclusions then. He would have had the benefit of the Leuchtenbergers. or N% hoever. Dr. SowitERc. No. sir. you do not realize there is a little ln involved between publication and receiPt of a journal in the United States. that in abstracting, and the use of it b~• the Government. Senator IiExxEny. In fairness. just-your point just does not hold up. The~• have list after list of pages of recent studies, and I.~ill just read tl,e year. Starting-I mean just at random, on page G•1. this is r,ue of them. December 19i3. September 1972-going down. December again. 1972. American Nfedical Arsociation,\o.•emberof lA;?.1Iost of these ref- erence-~--\farch of 1973. Jfarch of 1973. INfai v of 1A73..Tust taking, otie nace. And this is 1974 report. There is not one that is before 1Q7 1. Dr. SOxaERc.1 es. sir, but I referred to the 1975 report. Cenator I:ExxT.nr. "'ho does Dr. Burch work for ? Dr. Snu.rr:Rs. He is at the t'niversity of Leeclr. Senator fiExxEny. Is he a consultant over there f(ir nm organiza- tion4 Dr. SoatvERE. He statea in one of hif- articles. to answer ohwinu~ questions, he is, \o. 1. not a smoker: and No. 3. not in the pov nf the tobacco industn-. Senator KEN-xmT. Ofi. f The prepared statement of Dr. Sommers and supplemental letter follow:) CTR HN 014"791

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO DONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 1(y purpose, in response to the inv4ation to pre'sent ap• perscn a: vie, of the status of knowledge of smoking and health, is to revirw ::._ nwer scientific data. This material is not included in the q~ctat:::.= frow thr 1973 vers16n of the USPHS Saroking and Hea;th rercr: c:te: Senator Hart as justifying Bill flo. S 2902. CoPni:ar.ce of the rre:e-- day knowledge by fairminded individuals casts grave douC; or. :'.e existence of any such 'overwhelming evidence' as -:ained by tne I am Sheldon C. Soeters, k.D., Direetor of Labora:ories, Lencx r::: Hospital, New York; Clinical Professor of Pathology, Coluabia U:.iv. College of Physicians & Surgeonq, New York, aad Univ. of Sou:ne -. California, Los Arigeles; editor of the Pathology Arvwa: and Pa:.".o:ag. Decennial series; Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Bcard, Co zr.c'_: for Tobacco Research, U.S.A., Inc; with about 260 pub a=atior.s. curriculum vitae and publication list are available. First, in respect to the reported overall higher dea:- rates c'' smokers than no:rsaokers, the results were obtained by statist:=a: epidemiologic methods now recognized as erroneous ar.j use of is no longer regarded as Justified. One to one comparisor.s of s:.:te:s and non-amokers ignored mary confounding variables. As berxs:-. :_ dicted the result ;roved to be a statistical artefact. :...r res:::e_ f: x+ igr.oring three serious sources of error: (1) Nonrandoa comparisons, sx aning that smokers and non-scokers a,e CTR (~~~ 0 14~t='~~

. .tion to present rky personal view ; and health, is to review the is not included in the quotations ioki n: and Healt` re'.ort cited by i290,-• Cognizar.ce of the present ,:s casts grave doubt on the :vidence' as ::aimed by the dis- :or of i.abora:ories, Lenox Hil: Dr of Pa:hology, Columbia Univ. e York, aad Univ. of souther.^n he Patholopr Annual and Pathology. ientific Advisory Boarty Council ith afu: 260 publications.' : are available. era a higher deatt rates of : were obtained by statistica: ~. as erroneous and use of which is le to one comparisor.s of smokers iding variables. As•BerRson pre- . I:istical artefact..;.'t;ir resuited of error: :hat smokers and non-saOkers are -2- ;~: .°?f ' ` . 281 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONfIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. not randcro subsetS of the population being testFd. Smokers ch=se to smoke and others choose not to fmoke, and both groups are se:f- selected, apparent:y by complex processes not presently unders:oo:. The crucial error is the use of statistical methods to test nc-.- random groups, desigried for and applicable only to comparinb groups. Ro11inQ the loaded dice statistically gives arn ir.va-:' answer. (2) Dependence on limited statistical ttsts for proof. INher. Rose a.d Bell wrote their monograph on predicting longevity, they tes:e: factors that might be associated with early death among a gro,:; cr Boston MW II veterans, followed careiLlly, for 30 years. A one-to- one comparison of cigarette smokers and non-smokers gave smok:ri the nuAber one place as a predictor, like in mary other studies. However, when multiple factors were included statistically, cigare-:e smoking dropped to somewhere beyond the 30th most significar.: Yre- dictor of early death. Dissatisfaction with job becaWe the nu.:`-er one predictor. (3) Secularity, meaning the change in habit patterns of the poplla:::-. from about 1910 to 1960, with increased proportions of cigare::e smokers in each decade. A model population (not a real popula:`_on; with such changes over equal time will show a statistically signif- icant increase in total death rate as a minority changes torart a majority. This secularity factor or change in population pa::e:-.s has no health implication. For example, in the original Surge=- General's Report a table sho.ed pipe smokers to have a lower death rate (0.8) than non-smokers. While encouraging a belief that pipe 10.011 0 - 76 • is Y:.+.--.A-Xm0s CTR HN 014,179-.~

282 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO -3- CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. smokers were the 'sturdiest humans,  better e:planation would be the secularity affect. There were fe.er pipe smokers in ea:h decade, the converse of ciprette smokers. These data are published and available for all to read. Why have the proposers of the,bill not heard of them? It is because the annual supplements to the Surgeon General's Report on Smokir4; and Health are linited reviews and interpretations of the medical and scientific literature, from which are screened out articles that do not agree with, call into question, or destroy arguments and conclusions supportive of the official government position. Aa an aYample, in a presentation prepared for hearings on a proposal by Sen. lfoss (Utah) " liait by law the smounts o!' nicotine and con- densate (so-called tar) in cigarettes, I pointed out in 1972 that ap- proximately 1790 articles published since 1960 were not cited. Lists of these •ere supplied. On occasion, publications not supportinQ the official position have been suppressed. The epidemioloQic problems, shortcomings and errors fere aired at a panel sectinY of the AAAS in 1971, so the above is not secret information. One regrets that the proposers of the bill have not been sude aware of the serious defects, obsolescence, bias and incompleteness of the information on which they appear to base the current proposed bill. liow as to lung cancer, there is a statistical association between cij- arette asoking and lung cancer. But at present the nature of the CTR HN 01417c.-14

a better explanation would be feser pipe smokers In each smokers. for all to read. Why have the s' It is because the annual eport on Smoking and Health are the medical and scientific t articles that do not agree with, ts ard conclusions supportive red for bearings on a proposal e amounts of nicotine and oW I pointed out In 7972 that ap- nce 1960 .ert tat cited. Lists .nQ the official position have •oblems, shortcomings and errors 1 tAA.S in 1971, so the above is not the proposers of the bill have 'eets, obsolescence, bias and"- rhich they appear to.base the tistical association between cig- at present the nature of the 283 -<- THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. association or whether it is causal are not kno.n. The text of ae original Surgeon GeneYal's report deal# with the difficulties cf assigning causality, but the utmrry and conclusions brush these aside, and assign a causality not demonstrably evident in the text. It is widely known that a stitistical association is not by Itself proof of causation. A statistical association may point to ezperixr,:s that will help to determine whether there is cause involved. Animal experiments to apr knowledge have not succeeded In the production of so.called human type lung cancers (pathologically termed sq_s-a~s cell earcinoaxs) in a sianificant percentage of any species tested. This includes inbred &lce erposed to heavy cigarette saoke fnhalaa cr. over practically their entire life•span. Certain false alarms like the Auerbach beagle dogs, and other studies of rats and itiice, have stirred hope that a model had been achieved, but no cancers that grew, spread and led to death like human squamous cell lung carcinocas have been reported. After 45 years of inhalation research, and a::hocg= expensive efforts continue, no success has been achieved ir, ;rod ci^g experimental lung ca.ncers in any reasonable or even small n.unbers of experimental anima:s. Skin painting is cited in the bill proposal as part of the evidence c' carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke condensates. Suffice to say that in the past 5 years, skin painting of anisnls with tobacco condensate has yielded so fe+ tumors, either benign or an lignant, that the practice has practically been given up. Only a few governmental agency erperixe-.:s continue. Why tumors were produced ye:rs ago following skin pai^tir.g CTR ~~~~ ~~~r~~~ ~

TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO ~ QONFIDENTIALJTI( AGREEMENT. . ~ but are now rarely produced is unkno.m. M English book reviev of a work on tobacco and carcinoWesis stated that if in the 19511's the author had not reported «S skin tumors .hen other laboratories were I finding 3 to 5S, this field of research might have developed in a I I more orderly .ay. ~ ~ On what basis is the claim made of 90,000 lung cancer cases per year? It is based on death certificates, which are not scientific doc.inen:s, and in general are not corrected by findings if an autopsy is performe!. 'rhen analysis has been undertaken of the accuracy of a death certificate diagnosis of lung cancer, when compared with autopsy findings, slight?y less than 50 percent were found to be accurate. Pneumonia and tuaors spreading to the lungs from other parts of the body, so-called metastases. are most often mistaken for lung cancer. Regrettably we lack a scur.d data base by which to establish the true incidence of lurg cancer. :he figures appear exaggerated two-fold at least. Lung cancer is not an entity either pathologically or etiologically. There are some 10 different varieties of lung cancer, each of .hich is likely a different disease with a different causation. One type called oat-cell carcinoma recently was reported in a group of chemical workers s»st of whom were non-ss»kers, and it appeared that smokers in the sa.:.e plant were in some .ay protected. Time, scholarship, and money are needed to work out these difficult problesss. Chronic pulmonary disease, also called bronchitis-eophysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary distase, is a serious public health problem. Whe-. CTR HN 0 147`96 I

. An English book revie of a ted that if in the 1930's the s .her, other laboratories were h a:ght have developed in a D,,)J lung cancer cases per year? ch are not sci" fic documents, ndings if an autopsy is performed. he accuracy of a death certificate j with autopsy findings, slight'_9 accurate. Pneumenia and tumois s of the body, so-called srotastases, .. Regrettably we lack a sound je incidence of lung cancer. The least. thoiogically or etiologically. ',Df lung cancer, each of which is erent causation. One type called ` ed in a group of chemical workers appeared that smokers in the same e, scholarship, and money are blems. bror.chitis-emphysana or chronic rious public health problem. r'hen 285 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO -6- CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. a disease has several names, it is an+[ndicatlon that not very much :s knom about it. Dnphysema of the lungn is difficult to diagnose clinically. Also pathologically it is difficult to establish its presence, type and exteat, even when a panel of experts examines w.'.c_e lurtY sections. These large sections are only available in a few re- search centers. Experts examining such sections, it was repor:ed, could reach no agreement on whether, how much and what type of e.:,`,v- sema was present. In the current limited state of lmowledge, blaming cigarettes as a cause is premature. Note that emphysems is largely a disease of .:`_:e aen. Blcak men exposed to the same environment including cigarette smoking, scarcely ever develop esrphysesv. Women likewise are uncocr=-.:;• affected. 3luch investigation, including animel models, Is needed. A claim that the cause of amphysema is 3mo.n, if anything, tends :_ _-.- hibit research. Coronary heart disease is considered the most coamon cause of dea:. :-. the U.S., affecting particularly msles, the over.eight, the diabea :. and individuals with certain inherited lipid diseases. The Framingna data originally publicized do not withstand critical evaluation. S:ui'_e_ of twins discordant for smoking have indicated that the strongest factor is evidently genetic or constitutionol. A certain persoraii:;• type haa been discovered with a striving, time and pressure life s:y:e, evidently particularly predisposed to coronary disease. Today ac:ive researchers look elsewhere than cigarettes for the causes of coronary heart disease.

286 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO . GdFlDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. _7_ . A decision to tax cigarettes in proportion to nicotine and 'tar' .ou:d De based on douDtful, specious or mistaken inform.tion. The orig:r.a: Surgeon General's report,.for e:aiaple stated that nicotine is proba::y not a significant health hazard. No new persuasive studies con;rad:c: this generally held•opinion. Ftiologic conclusions based uporn ciga- V rette condensate (so-called 'tar') suffer from the demonstratiorn t`.a: fresh condensate free of artefacts of storage has virtually no t=cr producing quality. In suaraary, I aish for Detter health for Americans, and have*.orie: Aard•in the field for 35 years. In sd considered opinion the Di:i pro- posed is scientifically unjustified, and if passed would generate suc': Duge sums of money as would be likely to coopt and to corrupt eos: cf our medical and scientific research effort. , ~ JtvE •.J CTR HN 0147"96

287 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO ODNfIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. , I ReCerenc^s on to nicotine and 'tar' would 1. Berkson, J. Proc. 9taff Geetin s IRav Clin. 30 (15): 319-3t4 :en informstion. The original (27 July 1953 at stica tudy o " Assoc:atTon between SaoR:rg and Lung Cancer. - .ated that nicotine !s probably 2. DeFaire, U.,'Friberg, L. and Lundmen, T. Prever.:. Ne:.-< (<): dies contradict t i 509-17 (Dec. 1975). "Concordrnce for lbrta.:t-" y a:. Syecia'_ ve s u persuas Reference to Isebeatd•Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease." concluslons based upon ciga- 3. DeFaire, U. Acta. Med. Scand. Suppl. 568. Stockho?n 1975. r from the deaonstration that 1C9 pp. "Ischenic heart isease in Death Discordan: T.ins.'• L. Friedman, Y. and Rosenaan, R.H. Ty~e A Behavior ar.: Your Hea-:. arage has virtually no tumor A.A. Xnopf, Inc. New York 1974, 2 pp• 5. Americans, and have worked 6. onsidered opinion the bill pro- if passed would generate sueh 7. coopt and to corrupt most of 8. rt. !.~ 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Hammond, E.C., Auerbach, 0., Xirmaa, D: and Garfinkel, L. -Arch Enviror,. Health 21 (6); 7G0-68 (Dec. 1970). "Effects of ir:Qarette Y.ing or. ogs." . Kreyberg, L. Histolorical T~2ina of Ltuyt Tta+ors. Internationa: Aistological C assi.icaaor. o ureors, . Wor1d Fiealth Crganization, Geneva, 1967, 28 pp. Passey, P..D. Nature 219: 98-99 (6 July 1968) "Tobacco and Tobacco Sanke tT~ ud~s7_n Erperisxntal Carcinogenesis." Rose, C.L. and Bell, B. Predicti Lon evi: . D.C. Hea:h & Co. Le:ing`tor., Mass. 1971. , pp• Roser.blatt, 11.8., Lisa, J.P.., Teng, P. and Beck, I. Bu!1. !;.v. Acaj Ked. <S (6): S19-S27 (June 1969) "Validi:y of r•,• Sta." Rcserblatt, )L B.. Teng, P.K. and Kerpe, S. ProF. in Clin Ca-.t-- Vo:. 5, y; 71-8J. I.):. Arie1 Ed. Grune 8 Stratton, In--- ~~ "DiaFnostic Accuracy In Cancer as Deternined by Post Lortem Exar- ination." Roser.tla:t, M.B., TenQ, P., Kerpe, S. and Beck, I. Iled. Counterx'.-.: (10): S}S9 (Oct. 1971) "Prevalence of Lung Cancer." Thurlbeck, 1P.11., Anderson, A.E., Janis, L., IU tchell, R.S., Pratt, P., Restrepo, C., Ryan, S.F. and Vincent. T. A.^. Rev. Rcao. Dis. 98: 217-228 (1968) "A Cooperative Stuuy o''er;a::. ST-ea`rexr.aof Eay2tiysena." Keiss, W. and Boucot, X.R. J. Air. 1bd Assoc. 21.1 (11 ): 113?-1::2 (15 Dec. 1975). "The Respiratory f ects o Cno ormett;;l lAethy: Ether." CTR HN 0 1479- 9

288 2/U t tUlA1/ .1 TA t W1... C. t..-"rs, lt. P. . Mrn: J.111, 111S . 2.Mts.pelit, lVle.a IF tNrrtN: lf..rlae f. 1943. tftek. Srlua, 11. eltltre. /o*+srt C411ete. 1937. evn lav.s. ~ It. D„ brveN ItNicei iclrel, 11061. am 1tnN. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO OONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. IUttn: Clisaje Dsiv.rctty Citales, 1N1-1f~2 4sttl.et vettl.st aN ltetitsnt~l. lstlelepr, t6.r tS{1W Deaesnsra Uttttal, t.eten, 1ti6-tp Yatstaa Daitent t. lsthelep, /Tee Ibqltal ter 61a.e., breekllee, Mcu. 1944 4sttte.t Ltilset to tstMlet7. Deatab 1>in{-la 16atvttal, Uettee, lfta-+.1 Wtte+t is lsthetegy. Daery terl Moqltcl, Detrelt, 1K6-S0 haneas Nart Certtttca;e le t.tbe1ep (Cllouet Pathology - Psehelettc Aaaeq), 1950 4eselats I attrl.tlat, Hev t.tlrt Dascoaat 16wtttal. Locten, 1l30-3) Ystetatt tatJtele6let, Lrvart Creer Cealuten, )watea, 1630-5) fatAelegist, Ilattactnt.etca tte.ortsl teqtalt, {eecen, 1f3)-61 ZaWlepet, ftriPp 16trorlsl Metpltal, La Jo1ls, Celtt.rnia, 1f61-6) Ns.elata frirecter .t Nletstoriss, lraaets Ge1•.11e1d &ottital, ttw Yetk, 1163-67; Krect.r, 1667-N ' • ' Kr.ecsr .t l.Wtatirles, l..os Rtll W1tta1, t.r T.rk, 116A - Nslsttat to tstMlep, Lar.arl IWical scseel, 1fH-43, l.atrvcter tt tathelep, 1350-52, Yeectate 1. tathelep, 1652-3), l..ctvrsr ln Nthelen, 11Y.-61. 4soefats lrotessor ot )atl.eled, leetee Oalvedlt7 icEeel of Ilet1ef•ne, {ettet 161)-61 C1Wea1 ttetstaer .t 1aWlop., Dalv.rettT .t N„tltn Cellferola tcAeol et 11Ntctne, Let 4{elte, 1f62- • A.a.etate t•ratet.or et fatlwlsp, taea)ta O.Sv.rtltl. Callete ef @kytlctaea . Sateana, t. 1 1f6)-N63, tnfesser .t 1aUeleO, 1163-M, Clteteel trefeaser of tatholop, 1361 - Ceptsi.. tlNitel Cor1, D.tteN Ststet Art.T, 11M)-1fi6 tltlvsr ttar, Dr.eat Itsr, Creta lt Cwrrt aaV )resl.rtitl Detlt Citatton b.v Terk CwntT IWieal feeiet7. f.T. A.ericee Asseclstlw ot tatNletiets .N Mtteriol.jisu C.llete et Asserlten pstheletictc •.eriteo tecutr .t Clt.icel Pathology The Mlatechsltal feetetl herlea fostetT of [slerit.tetsl letlrlep , tMV tna1.M Csncer seelet7 - Mw RwtlaM Society .t tathele{ictt; prstldett, 1fS3-60 latnutlenal Aea1a.7 et ratMlep INeratel iecletlet ter tqert.e.cd tflel.p and MMttlw [•ev Yerk Aealeny et Nediclne t/e., Terk fsatr+7 of utence • . Mtv Terk tatheletleal Society: feeretary 1161-1772 Nlter. fathelelr Aneral. 11s6 - cd,ln . t. 7.1t.• Lltterlal NarJc: Aacrto.n J. et Therapa,tlet .d Cltnitsl leqertt ~ ieleattflc AJrisery AeaT.: Cevncll ter Tdxce tetsatsh N67- ; letearek Directer 1f6e-' Artatt Cancer Tatk reree (ratheler.7 Wrkln; t-re.y), K1, 1061-1116 Cli.itA1 LaUeratM Mdserl Cse.lttre, D.1. fcAts PttArt.ent •t Itea.lth, 111). ,-...' TR t iN 014800

~.. yleN Ceaewee. Mpitel, Mrt.e. 1Uet-f.t b.e., broeklise, /tert. leri qltel. Ntt.e, 19ttJ9 . 1tt9-so ,cSel.p • ratlrletie Aaateey). 1930 1910-1) .etw, 1910-11 x, 191)-61 ,llfer~ie, 1961-61 .d ~e.rsut. rer ml, 1N)-67; - lert, 1961 4-N, Iatrnct.r ie raUelep, 1930-33, 71q., 193t.-61. Sebeel of Madlttae. Metw 193)-61 kerf Califsraia Ssb+l af eWtclaa, ;7. t.llete •f rtrrr/ttene & rrteeee. s. 1 :e1 rrefett.r ef ratlrl.p, 1966 - 1.tta1 Catt cit.ti.m tieu / /-60 4c,.1 f,ca..~ :C7i' ~ :llnital terort. - 11947- 74t-197{. tttt.etA MfKtef 1Mf•. 1 h Kl Y"rt-t ef 1wl tA. 1971. I ~9 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. LE~ OX HILL HOSPITAL 'N taa7 7t7„ 4,411, / .t0 r0ee. • • .et/. ' rie.rcb 9. 1976 Soo. Saaator fdrard M. [amn.d7, Chair~an, Subcotaictoe on public tl.alth Co~ittee on l.bor 6 public Welfare DU.S. Seaate Yaab.iagtoo, D.C. Dear Seaator [.aoad7: Io reapect to tbe b.oarins on S 2902, so lebruary 19, 1976. I vou.ld respectfully raouast to Wo oacee additions to and eorrectione of ty teatiaooy. lasardia4 tDe e.ident tisunderataodin& about trbether or eot I bad publiehed on the uusation of lung cancer recently, aay I noce 8 additional personal publicatiow !o the yura 1962-1973 and one nw in press that deal 1a part or vbo11y with tbe calls of origin, the grovth, t6s spacial borwooal activities and other futuree of lung cancer that ma7 aid in ita diagnosia, maaage.ant and thus a better basic uaderetaodia{ of the disaase processes. Lferencea are appended, including d p.p.re written vith Dr. /{arjorie J. Yilliaas, present chief of patholop , VA t)entral Office, YaabinSton. Also appended le e.publiutioo list. If it aee.ed to appear fro. trY teetiarooy that I had contrlbuced littls to discovering the cauae of lung cancer, perhaps that u y be erplained by the difficulty of uaderstandinS this .yaterioue dieease. Dr. AleLOder Laddov, a faewua lritiah tancer ruearcher, vae quoted as sa7inj be would not choose luaS cancer ae a research topic because it vas too co.plicated. luman eodo.etrial carciaotaa, breast cancer and reoovaocular btpertaoaioo are aow other dia ueee to the knwledte of which I balie.e I bave tade aignifitaot contribution. In regard to the inquiry concerning nev publications that tend to support the vieve I aprused, I append a list of ever 70 euch aciene- ific and .ediul publiutiow in 1975. So.e corractiow to tbe transcript of ty teatiaooy are also ntb.itted. Ci R i i i i 014801

1ea. ts.cor Llv.re K. L.cs.ey THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 290 CONFIDENTiAUTY AGREEMENT. IF I r.quaat that thi. l.tt.r sod it• •tt.-bm-ot. 1. ..d. .p.rt of tha b.rina record by ia..rtioo at t6e clooe ot et t.attaooy. 4rP.cttully svbaittod, ilrldoo C. toi.r., tt.D. DYr.ctor of Lbor.tori.. r fC3:r sc:(1)~a.oo.l lan{ ~oDliutien. (2)yuDlie.tloo list ()).ddittooal tatorwe.a (0cerr.ctieam of ttmcript eetltr. lber.e• Lon.&". ?r.a., Sobaeu Ia.tit.t. t1' TRt iN 014802

~ ~' ` - 1: ~t c%~~,ri ` -i `3• ., --- --- - ~ . 1. IK111ae, tt.J. ead 1.C.-fam.r.. C.acer. 1942, P, 109. 2. Yillir, M.J., l.l. l.rsa eed S.C. {a..rre. Dla. Csa.c, 1963. 4A. 93. 3. 6/i11lr. Y.J. e:/ fanr.rr.. A.. J. ri.d. Le1., 19dJ, 247. 422. d. l.med7. J.1., r.J. trut.... cmd S.C. ,om.re Im latl 160 1964 90 . . ., , , . d. 7. Oou1d. I.t., 1. Uae1 aad S.C. fa..era. Caeeer, 1971, 1/, 426. Teraai.t., J.A., S.C. fm.ar• eed 1. Indera.oe. lal. Iar.at.. 1972. 26. 127. S. larn, S.C. fatloMelop desn.l, 1973. ypletoa, 1.T., 1.109. TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 291 CONFIDENTIALlTY AGREEMENT. CTR 1iN 01T80..J+

THiS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 292 L'ANFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENL 9 roussls>a 4tT1CUs nayoo C. r~r., M.D. 1. lacoaa, l.L. ml tea.r., t.C.: Tfa specificity ot forvlitad prot.tn.. l. Iam+eol. 34: 3)1-3i1, 1937. 2. N.ak.ta, *V., Lsdi.b, NJ,, aad toe,.r., f.C.: Loukec7to.ta pro.otint factor t. taflawrtory aradatN of aos. 4rob. PatL., 33: 18A-192, 1942. 73. UCot4ta, p.M., fa..ara, S.C. and Lathrop, p.D.: T%moor of earotid body tTp. ariat&& ta the dddla ur. IrcL. Path.. 4l: 71-l1, 1967. 4. Varr.o, t. and t aa.ara, f.C.: Cltattidms aotaritta (r.gtooal il.tcta) a. a patholeac oetity. Am. l. patL., 34: 173-501, 1948. S. Yorrse, S. a.1 iommera, t.C.t Ciaet coll fatla.ioea la eitatrialy .ncarici.. lroc. toe. tioar. {te1. 4 tlod., •: "1-"3, 1941. 6. ifarren, t. ssd io..ara, f.C.: pat3otamaata of alc.rati.e colltt.. A.. l. path., 23: 6S7-i39, 1949. 7. fortig, 1.T. a+ed fc.:ara, i.C.: C.e.alL of oodoaotrial tarciao.a. I. ftudy •t prior b1op.to.. C.ec.r, 2: 91i-936, 1949. •. sastrs. t.C., farttl. ..T. and f.aslefr, ..: Coe.ata of atdo.atrtal aarelaa.a. II. Cases 19 to 33 yoara old. Ca.err, 2: 957-943, 1949. 9. 1S.rt1g, 1.T., forar., l.C. a.d 1.e{loff, 1.: C.ooais of .odwtrial carctna.a. 111. Careim.a !a .itu. Caucar, 2: 9K-971, 19i9. 10. tommar., t.C., L..loy. T.l, and Mrttj, A.?.: A atoA7 of the placocta to pr.paae7 traatad by •tllboatrol. 6.. l. OMt. i CTnoc., $a: 1010, 1949. 11. liarr.a, s. .nd se...r., s.C.: Trotoolysta ta tatoatinal di.aua. Caatrooatorolop, 14: 322-32t, 1950. 12. Yyatt, l.p. sd ie~r., t.C.: Clronie martwr lailor., walo.claro.is and aasra.dnllarT lematopolqL. llood. 3: 329-3t7, 1950. 13. 1ut.aeor, Y,A. o.d ic...ra, f.C.e pootpartra aado..trial h7porplasia ia dias.tiea tr.atad v1th .tlll.atrol and pruSa.tarooa. l. Clin. lmdecrL.o1., 10: 601-609, 1950. 14. tc...ra. S.C. and loAe.on, l.lt.: Coftaoital trieaapid atraata. A.. Naart l., 41: 130-143. 1931. VTR[ i i T 014804 1 I

rop, 1,D.: lusor of carotid 1~od) •atb., 44: 7e-el. 1947. tiag sotartttU (r.tioeal tlattts) a. 475-501, 1961. ll taclu.toos t• elcatrtstaS smtaritis. J63. 1968. t.ts of olcsrati.o colitis. Jr. J. r of afraootrtal cartittort. 1- stud) 1949. t!, l.t Ooesis of .edassttial 1. C.soor, 2s 9S_7-96), 1l69. 't. 1.: Oo..ets of o.dsstrt.l :at, 2: 9i6-971, 1949. . ..T.yA .tsrdy of tbs plae.ata a. J. Oist. h Cyasc.. 51: 1010. ;i1 is istartlLl dil..WS. .arrov tailurs, .Taloselort»ia 329-347, 1930. ,artvs ss+dortrial My"rPlaaia ed proS a t o rooo ...1. C 11s . ,ital tri.eorrtd att.sla. Ji. 91wrt THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 23 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT, 1!. to>•.rs, S.C.. Vilaoa. J.C. and S.rtnan. I.V.: L}sepEoid la.ionc se pltosrl%.litls. J. =qar. M.d., 93: S0S-512, 1931. • 16. Varraa, S., iolt; M.V, and Se.rers, S.C-: $006 aarl7 t.+clsrr afl-te of iooistn{ radiatioo. Proc. Soc. ftap.r.-stel. 6%ad.. 77: 2td-291, 1951. 17. l+olt, M.V.. So.sr.; S.C. and Varron, y: 77.paratioo of tia.ue soctiona for putttsti.e ldstot:b.dral itndiu. Aaat. S.oc., 112: 177-166, 1952. 16. {aamats, S.C. asd Tslob, .: 0.arian atroaal bypsrylaaia 'ln braaat caacer. Arch. Tatb., S): 160-166, 1932. 19. Varram, S., folt, 11.V, d saOWr., t.C,: Sor cYtolofie aad biatocbr..tea1 str.di.a ef radiati.ri raaetioe. 1.. J. Clta. Tatb., 22: 411-417, 1952. 20. . 11Gtanu, S.C. aed Sett..rs, S.C.: lraa.t caacar prognosis and ovariso eortical strorl 1n.r*laala. Swr Lt{. J. lud, 246: S90-S92, 1932. 21. Sorts, S.C. .ad Torey, T.L.: Oaypbil pratb)rroid adaowaa, A.. J. )'acT., 16: 673-689, 1951. 22. Ildwards, J.L. nsd Sowsrs. S.C.: ladiatton r.aettooa te parabtotic rats. J. Lab. md C1ta. ri.d., 40: 342-354, 1951. 23. CAata, II.M. sad Sw.ats, S.C.: ilmolrtic dis w a and po17eytbssfa io pataDiosis tatattcattae. 11ood. 7: 1005-1016, 1952. 24. 9lollsedar, d.. and Serm.rs, S.C.: Lqroatws laprosy. 1.v iat. J: ri.d., 247: 634, 1952. 2S. ChrisNnsaa, Y.t., taefers, S.C. teed fruuldtt,&. C.[.: lffoct of soft to.ntSes rays es tsa tabbit skis, 1.. J. iocmttemol., 63: i01-l06, 1932. 26. 1 eonssrs, S.C., Ci+uta, t.ll. d V.rr.m, S.: Y.t,rotranaplantatfoo of h,aan eaacar. I. Irrodtatod rats. Coecsr 1los „ 12: 909-911, 1952. 16A. Capta, S.1/. snd Se..etrs, S.C. and Varreo, S: Saterotranrplantatioo of ata.n aancar. 1'I: ltrsts ekaak poueb. Canest. f.ta., 12: 912-911 , 1952. 261. Sor,ars, S.C., i¢Ili.aa, l.A. and Varran. S.: ll,tatotrsnaplantetion of b:.an eemcat. III. Cboriosllaatoie soa.Draaas of n.Eryoo.tsd . as. Cancer taa., 12: 911-917, 1952. CTR HN 014805

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 294 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT, ~ 27'r lrtan~. Yi.7:. Yltetae,.I: sad le.a.ra. I:C.s IYnt+tamaa etpylexfr4l aatarltta after aati3tstte tlorey. 1epoct at ta.e esoa, A.. ~~ t•tlett. Ott., 20: fi-73, 113i. 23. tewneara, 3,C, sad Ikl:awa, t,Ort Jlr1tt3jq ateaala.l trem a[ atta aM Latereal ort.ea. Caaeor, 6: 317-l3l,'1133. 29. $em.re, t,C:, Iurt.r.eo. L-It, and tiarree.~19.t ia....et awlra.ee to c1:re.tc ioaatta.l d1M4.a. 1a1. Lv.a., lt t23-Z26, 1133. 30. vat.tteld, t.0, aN loearta, f,C:t latal tir.b ruwa otyhyleceeul .storittt La twrytcal 7.tteeta. Ye. ssrs., 1u: Y.f-232, 1953. 31. Ytlt..ua, t.,C, ad ia..rra. S,C.t ttptetea.ee et j..trtc ply" :ete.yam7tag easear. Ma. J, Cllo. ht\., 23: 716.737, 1953. 32. tamara, t.C,t Ovartm 4te CTta. 1.. .7, htti., 71: •SS-t3l, 1953. 33. fmsare, S.C.: Wocrtre elaegee after ltitalNraa.loeteary sad tatal lody irradtattea La para/tettc ratt. J. Ir1. i Clta. Yrd., ii: 3f4-407, 1933. 34. tolt, 1t.Y„ •os•ere, t,C, a.d ttetroe, •,t Ltraeocle.r eb"aa reaaltiea tres aqoeare to toelattg radtattea aa dotKted ta trosoa-drted ptparatleu. Lef. I+v.et., 3: o0"11, 1333. 33. ltratt, t,C„ OtTr. 1.{, a.d Cbto, 1,t,: 3rtoradtalraplle sreentc leealitettoe la adult aad aulr7a.ie pttb.itt, a" eoaa.otive tlaau.. lr.c. 3oe. 1441. •tol. 4 trd„ Mi M-23f, 1953. 36. taetrra, S.C., lolai, 1,/v, a.t Ce11ra, C.t Ovvtan iatlw.ee tyen wr.tval ta braa.t e.eeK. Areh, i:as., 67: f16-11f, 1933. 37. tatarra, t,C. W Ca.6ard. 0,lyt Caacar sesestated vttb ovartae rtra.al !»eryluta. t,rel. rate.. 33: •6l-4i3, 103. 33. Yart.e, t. a.d /e:a.art, f,C.: lhtlolop of roCWaal iletttt sad ulecrattve eelttit. J. Aa. M.d. Aa.oc., 1SA: 1H-113, 1954. 39. Adeaoe, M,11„ .1r, aed tmo.re, i,C,t ddartrtal oeettteattee,. A..• .7. Obat. sad 07r.ee., 67: 1a7-1f0. 1134. 10. Cbute. t.tt,. Laotea. t.t. md jamta, 3.C,t A larorator7 o3lde.te of t.:eaa-ty" teb.reale.U Lbaootera. M. .7, Clta. Path., I4: tt1-221, 1lM. •1. Ihrelal-3eJaa, 1.I„ a.A toaara, •.C.t ailtar.attat.d esooortdersotd tr.ota of aa1tta7 {leada. Arch. Otelerymo.. 31s 133-140. 1954. CTR i[N 014806

J, tyGyj lt.tjbraoea. •tarlar1KK41 rprr af ao waa, I+. ~ ftsaat. 1ot1 atMat..I e.at.cKa af alfa 1. 1933. t.. ~.t 11aa.r.t t.riraaaa ta 223-226. 1953. ~l ...irasow ataytr7lececcal tort•, 1w 3t9-2S2, 1953. ;tea.ca of taatrts ve17M ,. . 23: 74 6-737. 1933. J, ratf.. 29: t3)-L1S9. 19s3. \atttdre.aloetas7 aed total 1. W. 6 Cita. YN., 24: 39"7, :,t i.traeocioar cWgu rar.ltlr4 datactN la trMtb-ditad 1953. :,1, t M t or ad t avarlta ar o aa tc .tloltm aftd aa.rett.a tLaaW. ..tH, 1937. p,j 'O."ta. tatl.e.oa .P- •7t 916-919, 1953. / ..axtatad vith wartae aro.al 1933. • e[ rqtoa.l tlattta asl •learatt.. 93. 1934. adartrial etrtftcatto.. A.,' J. i l,C,: A 1alotatery aptdo.tt of ~ J, Cita. tatl., 34: 221-22f, Dttfara.ttat.d eweoMldat10etd yog., !9t 133-140. 1934. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 295 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. 42. tollaadar, l., {awswtra, f,C, a.d Ortt.r.d., d,t,: ltatocUaaical aod w1traKOlat alerosaople ttndtu of eNrooit daraatoact aod t\c cori.o ta.obraoa. J, L..at: Der.at., 22: 335-W, 1954. 43. itraada, A., ioeeera, i,C; nd Ltra1. K t S.gtonel entarocoltttt ta sockar apaei.l doqr, Arch. Tath., 57: 357-362, 1934. 44. tott.ara, 2,C, aad tYlaawr. Y,4, t Saaaa,nt o.obraae ehar,4et tn chronic thyrotdttta aed .titr.tk"etd dt.aaa.a. A.. J, Clte. p.,th., 24: 43i.tto, 1934. ~ 43. Itood, J,t„ Jr., fo17ou, 2,D., Claaon, V,},C„ Soawrt, S,C, an[ V_rr.n, ~1,: An axMrtatatal atud7 of t\a ralatiooaltp b.twaa t.oor ait. aM s.b.r of 1aq aataawaa. Caecar, 7: 437-443, 1934. 46. Goddard, J,V, aod tcam.ra, i,C. Itstaod tor thrrold eall nopplo8. L...at„ 3: 197-210. 1934. i 47. Coleoel, I.?. aad tereara; i,C.: horao.ta ta •asat'a ditaauc of brwt, ~. Clco. tt, Ir., 34: ,773-7t3, 19s4. th. 44. 1.at, A,2„ Laa,diuC 1,11, aad tat.atra, S.C.: Ae:pbophtl t:mra of the bfltapArta taduoad !a alaa y, 1131. Ca.eer l.a., 14: s97•so2, 1954. 449. toeara, S.C. aad lbtaaoar, V,A,: Dtwu.l tarcteoaa of tha paocraat. Arc6. tath., 54: 101-111, 104. s0. sa.rra, l.C., lldwrda, ,7.1. rd Cfuke, t,V.: aatultt.it7 lattaea of Paralioata tatozteattoe after adreaalactovy. J, baL, aad C1t.. 1t.d., 44: 331-343, 1934. 31. iarra, f.C., Crettat, R, aad Varrcn, f,: pltrartolat alcroccop7 of llmrralu dtaw.a. A.. J, fat1., 30: 919-939, 1934. 32. ivraar, D,D, aed fata.err, t,C.: Mrdteal tatalltpoea. Mav. 2eg. J. Mcd., 231: 744-743, 1934. 33. lattarao., V,/„ Cbata, 1,*, aad fotnara, t,C,: TraVlaatatton of E:can trota tato eorttae..-trcatad t,,aatara. Caxcr taa„ 14: 4s6-tS9, 1954. 34. Oeddard, ,7,V, a.d to.acra, S.C.: l9qrotd rttoulattoo to diaDetat eallttuc. Diabataa, 3: 3t1-3u, 1954. 3s. •-r, s.C„ "l7, :.A, a.d Varrae, 1.1 raaeraatlt duat eypcrplaala aed eauear. Caatroaaeatolop. 27: 629-N0, 1934. 36. tolnaa, ly aad tomart, S.C.: A douDlc psiaar7 earcloaea of the urtoary bladdar. J, orol., 72: 1174-1177, 1934, . CTR Hi i 0 1480117 IeCraue to b»or-

37. loarta, t,C.s lar ayltaattooa of altcavtolat sttstoseopY to µtboto{7. •q, !t 103-101, 1954. SI. Larm, I.tt: wd taca.ars, t.C.s Clisieopatbologic coiotataeca. All. J, C1le. latk., 34: 1A02-160.7, 1951. $9. farcrs, f.C„ Crostar, 1. and Yarrsn, f.t A atvdp of tb4 olttavtolet ~ fictooeoo7 ot ranal vaxular dis.asaa. CtrealatioL, 11s $W3, 1955. 60. Mood, ,7.f„ Jf., lolyeta, {,D„ fc.crr., S.C. mE Yarran, f,: 1 tlucnee of pttuitary tto,rtb bormooa oo pmtb aad az.taatuta.ioreattoo of a ttawplsatabla aau.a sarca.a. la11. Jobs "kios fosP., 96: 93-100, 1955. 61. fenaara, S.C. ud Warran, f.: Dlcarattsa eolttis la.low ls trradlatcd tatc. As. J, Dissst. Dt.., 1:. 111, 1935. 62. Sommoar., 1.C,i trdoeriaa aboor.clltlac !a .w n vith bruct cancar. l.b. lovast., 6: 160-174, 1953. 63. 166147. t.L., Daw , C.t. aod toaaa, t.C.t A bl.taebaaical eoaparicoo of Prirrt tbyrold kr»arPlaa/a aM adeeo.atow Doitar. Arch. Neb., 59: WS-K0, 1933. M: ieetar, C,l, aad {orcr. ,•,C,: Cliaieoyatbolegto Cootcr.see. Aa. .1. Clia. Tsth., 23: 1033•1057, 1935. 63. feo.er., f.C., Catcc, 0. and Ooedot, t.l.t Latc racurraeea of graeuloca call tror.. Obtt. t, C7eac., •t 393-39t, 1933. N. ioaf,ar., l,C.t Devslop..nt of recaacb at IWaaebuaetes ti..orla1 lotpitalt. lpm, 6: 113-113, 1951. 67. Laodler, A,B., Davis, f, sad tasaar., l,C.s Ytarotrao.plaotacton asPariacstc vith b,.ao caaccra. Cancer t.a., 16: 32-36, 1956. 6!. farker, T.C. and fosmm.r., S.C.: Adrenal eortlcal byperplatia accapao71n6 eanear. Areb. iurj., 72: •93-499, 1956. •9. •oncrs, f.C.t Tetticwlar cryrrtolaaie call b7pertropbr aeea.pan7ittt oro.tatic btpartropb7 and eaacat. A.. .1. htb., 32: 115-199, 1956. 70. io.rcrc, S.C. ,ad {alsT, R,lt.a /tailartt7 et gla.atular uitravtolat abaor'tieaa !e diabates rllitw aed attet cortlsonc tberap7. ?roc. 004. I..Pat. 1101. A ltrd., 91: 262-263, 1936. s CTR HIii 014808

I aKOtet rdttoacaqT to patkolon. 71. ti,olo{tc eonLarance. AM. J. Cltn. 72. ,t A atudp of the ultra.tolau a"lattoc., 11, 3i-43, 19SS. it. S.C. aed 6lartan, t,t 2.[laeeca 1 ~ataataata.tar%attoo Of a 74, vepbSna toep., 96: 93-100. 1933. . colttts lastotu in irtadtated 73. aowa With -rasat cancer. Lab. 76. : • htstocboatcal comparlloo •tow tettar. lltch. patA., 59: 77. atbnloglt ConletaKe. Is. J. 78. 1 Late recvrr.oe* of traaulo.a 79. 1933. ttuaaciuatta Maarntal toapttala. $0. 41. l/tAtotraasplaetat ton t., 76: 32-36, 1936. :orttcsl \7perplasta aecospan7tre ill b7partroph7 aceospan)tng path., 32: 1I3-199, 1956. of /1omarvlar ultrariolet : • eortisone therap7. hoc. ~6. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 297 L'ONFIDENSfAIlTY AGREEMENT. toaera, S.C. and Ctrna , 1,11,: Carctso/eoasla aad alterad bott rcatttooa to prablotlc rata.- Lrci. !'ath „/1: F 306, 1956. Sr.. osswtS.C.: Iurodocttoa to ptbolop of s+oplaattc diaeaeas. J. /trdeat A,14 A„ 21-23, April. 1936. thakbaahtr, T. ard Sr., ort.C,: Cltroaic srWrwl sedosvtrimm. Obtt. 4 t7t»e., /:I12-115, 1936. t%oars, t,C,: laeataeot'arrbrasa., tremd aubsuncas and lrphoc7cic aj;tetatea to attag ortaaa. J. Cetootol., 11: 251-260, 1936. prc, #: rnd Sr., oeat.C,: •-11tsltad" aac(tas taor. trasaplaot. 1u11., 3: 1^.2-10), 1936. Sr., oamaS.C. and Yrdsra, p,),: hthofeaeaic of po17c7stlc o.arlu . At. J. Obat. 4 Cyoac., 72:160•169, 1936. 1 sxKhtoe, C.A. sad t-Aners, t,C. :•csal c-.ttsra in ahock treated with loVarteresal (l.rtoph.d). Am. J. Clts. patl., 27:29-30, 1937. trrr. R. and taaars, t.C.t Ilewual eawas of daath alter cardt.c Am. itart J. 3): 2)2.2)9, 1937. M•-1.1, 1. and taosers, S.C.: tadoctist eorrelattoea in ry aden,>- [t!:ists and chroatt t"ttc eastltta. Ass. tort., 143: )26-))), 1937. t x-ara, t.C.: t+docrlle chaates with proatutit tarcteasa. Cascer, 10: 343-350, 1937. I.RSbie, A,l, 3utrow , l,A, sad taer., t,C,: Cliateopatholo/te C.oterance. t.iractor7 aatria, ataeaaflobultseala, and rediasttnal tuwr. An. J. Clts. 1ack., 27: 444-432, 1957. 92. licMult7. J.R. aad !s rs, t.C,: Rcratoacaatbow es a aur/lwl p.thololtc e11tle7. turt.. Cyeee. 4 06at., 10-4: 463.66/, 1957. t). ,7ones, R.G. and S:aeers, S.C.: Clocrrular alteratt-ins in ktdw )c of rats truced with dux7corttcasterxe. Arch. prth., 64: 34-62, 1957. 94. t:ltt. K. toonars, S.C. sad tettbvtek, t.t,: Cltateopatholotic c xrelatiaes it rewl btopsiea from ataesttal hypertwtre pptients. Ctrculpttoa, 16: 207-212. 1937. /3. IYrrias, J.C. Jr. snG tatraars, S.C.: Ma•av7 prtdvctal h7alte to dia-etic vomao. 4lb. Irnc.t. 6: 412-420, 1957. lo.0a1 0 - 7s - Lo V i i"+ i iN 014609

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEME.N,T, . •6. Mda.e.r, V.A., Sommocra, S.C. and SLar.an. C.: Stda..trtal b7Psrplasi., oedwtrial carcim.a aad oodossctrio.is Ptodreod emycrlnset.117 by wtto{ae. Cmcar, 10: 300-309, 1957. •7. Soacrs, S.C. and tl.tal6er. Y.A.: io.t ralatie0.b.t9• to asycrta+ot.l aodo.etrtal carctaosr. Caaccr, 10: $10-S1s. 1937. td, Sa~ra, S.C. and ritasoar, V,A.: Indocrtoo abnot.alttics aeco.panTini hV1&m oado.atria7 caxar. Caecar, 10: 516-321, 1937. $9. Souttat, L.. Soaete, S.C.. IIal..n, A.S. .nd >tiersoa, C.P.: Problsw le tba turSteal m.naSemeot of th7.ic R.ora. Aon. SurS. 146: 424- 63l, 1957. ~ 90. Aart, l.V. Aed SoW.rs, S.C.: Stedocrtes aboorc.littas accorpaoPiot bayatte cirtboais and bcpator . J. Clie. a+docriaol, 17: 1017-1029, 1957. 91. IIllriek, V.C„ 1..ntint, L.A. cad Sosaara, S.C.: LLett.btltt7 and coatractilit7 ef pataerta, b>saa kaart .ucla. Lak. ls..ac., 6: 325-333, 1937. 92. Soaara, S.C.: Pbat factors to fatal ba.a lonS eaecer. Atcb. Path., 65: 104-111, 193l. 93. 9Ntrims, J.C.. Sas>fars, S.C. and Saitbvick, t,N.: CltotcopatholoSte eorralatioos of ran.l btopstas ta hyPartaeaioo vtth P7.loocyhritis. Ctrculatioo, 17: 243-2Al, 193l. 94. Roafat, l.D., Sviotoo, M.V „ Atkinaon, R.P, and Somisrr., S.C.: Panel /Uewsioo eo cbrontc olc.rattw colitis. A.. J. Oaatroenterol., 29: 339-373, 1935. 95. Atar, E.A. and Sommars. S.C.: tatroyarttee.al octoPtc amaio.l .asiclc commanxicctieS with a eoetralateral solitary ktdo.7. Aeyort of a case. J. Urol., 79: 94-95, 1958. 96. Sasafse, S.C., lrlaaa, A.S. and Saitberick, t.S.: 81ato1oSic studies of kldooP btoya) a)actacow from Patt.ota Ktb hnerteasioo. Aa. J. Path 34: 663-713, 1935. 97. Somseara, S.C.: Coo.tttattooal aapoets of S+u trte earetro.a. Arch. Path. 66: 4i7-693, 1954. 95. Dllrtck, V.C., Laetiai, L.A. and So..ars, S.C.: OsySar coosumption of pataortom bxat,aa heart aucla. Proc. Soc. nqar. Sio1. 6 Med., 99: 246•2467, 1936. 99. StV+=a, A.E., Goddard, J.V. aad Scmmitr., S.C.: A study of the adrenal status io QyPcrtaesioo. J. Caroeic Dia., S: Sd7-393, 1958. CTR Hii 014810 I

TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 299 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 100. ftlva yf. and fommert, S.C.: looal ktopa7 cAsofa .lth pk.oehra.oeyta.. A..J. tl.d.'lci., 236:700-70i, 1938. 101. [.lllcr, I.. Lsesoo, f, asd l-m.ars, f,C.t Carctaoaa a: Lt.f lo .loor salt.ar7 flaad ducts of tl. 1or.r lip. 1a.. J. furf., 97: 79-82, 1939. 102. fcr v atg, f.ll, sed forr., f,C,: lroaetbf.ntc cuciso.a. Arch. Ocol.rM, i6: )K-769, 1958. . 103. Vtlktea, l,Y, aed foasts, f,C,: Cllolcopacholofic Coelcr.ocs. lotarfascnc ol tAc haart, cardiac tailurc 4ad loo.c, dry scaly akio. As. J. Cltn. )atk., 31: 66-72. 1939. 104. fcamcrs, f,C.: fltuttarj call ralatioes to body statcs, l.ak. lovat., - 1: 368-621, 1939. 105. Coltrs, J,D. aad foa..r., i.C.: lastlial p.M+dv+aotboaa c1actct,s aad val.ular h.art disca.c. Circulation, 19:242•230, 1939. 106. for rs. S.C.: 9atbloi7 of thc f:idw7 and adrasal flaad in rclatiooship to h»crt..aioe. Ia: "lf~p.rteaatoe" V,l.:f .+adar. Co.. 23. 1958. 107. Aadrltsakiv, C.D. and foasrt, /,C,: Crtccrta of tkp.ic caec.r anc clietcal corralatiotu o( th7.ic tr.ors. J. Tbratic farf., 37: 2)3-290, 1959. 104. Irdroutsopoulo., D.A, a.d farrs, f,C,t hataaeopsuaal csda..criost.. Ot+.tat. 6 t.y.ac., 14: 2f3.l6t, 1939. 109. Ollrtck, V,C „ Latiai, " aed lo..ars, f,C.: l.rtiee aed tctaost ta patsorta, k.:.an Daut .uscla. J, ypl. TD7ata1., 16: 367-360, 1939. 110. follaadcr, •, aed fomm.rs, f.C,: CeQrcnt ca.a of lcpra.atow lcprosy, acid-faat bacilli La apidcraic. Cana. 1kd., 2yt 630-634, 1939. 111. lfa7ar, C,t. aad forts, f.C,t 14oat tactxs tn cacteo.a ol thc utariee ccrvi:. A.. J, 0t,atct, G C7e.c., 76: 366-392, 1939. 112. lloodvorth, J,lt.l. aad foasra, f.C.: "Ctrrhottc floacruloaclaroatt". A raeal lcatoa usoeiatad vith blatic cirrhosic. Lah, lowat., 8:962- 978, 1939. 113. lrllcr, C.ti. and fom.ara, f.C,: '1/te thyroid status ta ralation to artarioaclcrotic disa.sc. l,IQ, 10: 1-2, 1939. R..r TR i i N 014611

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 300 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 114: Ssoebe;, G.C. a.A Saerre, S.C.: 9eptic •beor dtatbrata .ith a ata.d .dooocarctocfts of tb. pancrua: Coe -reqort. Oi+atrooateroleSy, 76: 167i70, 1960. 115. Sansors, S.C.: Leal aod .dremal patbolop is "attehsloo. Coon. If.d., 24: 240-2", 1960. 116. [e117, J.V.M., par+oaa, L., prtodell, I.8. eed Set.ere, S.C.: A VatboloSte stody in SS antopstaa after s.dteal surSery for caacer of t!a eervi:: S.rS., 0)ooc. md 0lat., 110:421-672, 1960. 117. lollmda, A. emd Sae•ers,'S.C,.: A biatocbeateal st.dy of sxopoly- .accbartdas of lqtw7 of tb. akto. Act.. D.r.a. Yaoerool. Proc. llth 2atereat. Coalr. D+i.at. 3: 407-411, 1957 ..... 1940. 115. - latkiasbao, S., aod Soeerrt's, t.C.:9ulaooary brtltne ew.branes. J. Dis. Cklld, 99: 216-227, 1960. , 119. pattoo, 5.1. ml Sae.ers. S.C.: tba birtopatholoSy of fnfarettoo and otber ulcetatts dla.tac of the YopbiSus. d.. .1. C11o. path., 33: 516-524, 1940. 120. Sollaoder, A. aad S ~rs, S.C.: ltatoebalcal c.e.partsoo of Soeck's Sareoid tttb other cvtan.oua Sr.ouloew . Arch. Ders.t. !1: 944-946, 1960. 121. Mod.ll, 0.1., fhtrro, ].D. and Soarra, S.C.: Sploao and liver in tLe am.da of tfa n.or-6aarlaS bafrter. Arek. patb., 70: •6)-571, 1960. 122. Gra..i, J.t. aod Sa...r., S.C.: A ea.o of carcineaa of tbe lrcarc to a 7ouy rosa with baeurtoe.atnw bypotbalaatc salformatioo. Aa. J. SnrS., 100: 606-612, 1960. 123. Colaria, C.C.. M.dall, 0.1, s:d So..ars, S.C,: Sa7saud's disea.e and i primary p.lnooary byp*rteo.ioo.Cisailatioo. 22: 1035-1059, 1960. , 124. i:trpoo, C. and Sas..ra. S.C.: hataSloaarnlar cell couats aod bu.aa lrnartaa.loo. A.. J. patb., 31: 227-241, 1961. 125. So..ers, S. . md 7brS.oe. C.: lHrpboloSic atudies eo relattooship of py.looeptritis to byportetuloo io: "ltolop of p7elonophritie" Little Iroro aod Co.pas7. Bostoo, 1960. 126. lit4:le7, I.L. aad Sosrrs. S.C.: 16aat cells to ronapecific ulcerative colitis. A.. J. Ditaat. Dis., 6: 233-236. 1941. 127. So.mers, S.C. and Veremdla, J.S.: An appraisal of labotatory detersination, of estroSaoa. Am. J. Clio. )atb., JS: 719-727, 1961. CTR t iN 014612

all, G.t. snd So>,ers. S.C.: A aftar radical arr{er7 for eancer of ot., 110:423-432, 1960. A biataeba.ical at.d7 of .acopolY- e. Acta. Oat+at. t'.nereol. 9roc. 11th 11, 195i ..... 1960. :Iblaooary, tr7alioe mo.braaea. J. Dia. w bistopatbolop of tefarcttoa aed .opb.{.u. Ai. J. Clio. lath., 33: tistxb..ical c.o.pariaoo of ioock'e slo.aa. Arcb. Der.at. I1: 9i4-946, 1960. Sa...ta. S.C.: Sp1M .ed liver to arter. Arcb. patb., m i63-f71, 1960. ea.• of carcite.a of tbe brsut to rpocbal.o.dc aalfor+nttoo. 1.. J. Sosrs. S.C.: tay.and'a dfsease aad r. eclatioo. 22: 1053•2059, 1960. tafla.:ruler cell couats aad bu>yn 7-241, 1961. obolofic studies oo ralattoeabip to: "Siolop of p3clooophritia•• ;960. ut talla ia ooeapacific ulcerati.. t3-236, 1%1. a oypraisal of laboracory aataratoatiooa 5: 319-327, 1961. 129. 130. 131. TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 301 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. lin, p-8 sod tom., S.C.: torr patbolosic cor:alatinoa of o.ariao .ttommal k}p.rplaata. J. C1t,.Oadocriaol. a llitab. 21: 472 i77, 1961. tstalaao, I.J. sad Sammaata, S. - ltopay diasaosic of pertarteritia arodooa. Ixc.b. patL., 72: 1-7,~961. lcdeacbi, L.C. amd Sommmarc, S,C.: Or7-ulaa fiSers to sclcro.ict ba.aatio.ra. AreL. Detnatol., !4: 12J-130, 1961. Lammar., S.C,: Se.s pitboloFic ceoditioaa u.ociatod with reaai snd Mroeal bypoYtaosioa. J.A.ri.A. 278: 71$-717, 1%1. 132. priodall, G.11., Sher.an, J.O, aad Sa~ra, S.C.: Ctwth curves of bm.n - caacar traaaplaata during aqarinsot.al cb..othatepy. 14: 1117-1121. 1961. 233. tMnria, 1.p„ Crasat, J.L. aad Sorra, S.C.: Ba.arteutow aalforaution of the poytlatoral bypothala.ua. L.b. Lo.est., 11: •9-97, 1962. 134. 6ttlltar, 1t.J. amd Sommars, S,C,.: tadocriw aad certaio other chantcs la sro with carctao.a of tbe 1JOka. Caacar. 15: 109-117, 1962. 135. Oa..., II, friodall, C.9. and Sorra, S.C.: A atud7 of ovarian tbaoa.atoato. Califoraia Madictoe, %: 2S4-2S6, 1962. 136. ladoecbi, L.6. and Soa.ars, S.C.: O:ltalaa fibara - derail fibroou• ad Siant eall toudoo aboath tn.ots, Arch. Dest.., •S: 517-529, 1962. 137. Sotrjel, [.t., aod So.ass. S.C.: 2bo alveolar epitbalial luioo of l"athie pularoosry h..oaidaroais. 1.. J.v, of tasp. Dis., SS: 540- SS2, 1%2. 136. iosrpl, 1<.11. aod tcsera, S.C,: Idiopathic pal.nerr7 be.oaidaroais aod relatod rredraaa, h.. J, Mod „ 32: 699-}11, 1962. 139. iaimm.ra, S.C., 1leian=blt.a, l.J, oad 11Um1s7,l..L.: patholop of diaatolic bTpartatuioo aa a pnarlitod vascular diseacc. Aa. J. Cardiol. MaJ, 1962, 653-636.

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 302 (DONFlDENTlAL1TY AGREEMEtiTr 160. L.a.... C. aod s.mm.r., t.C.: Qbdomatrtal ba.oatdrrin as ..idaoct of t.atrorrbasis. 015. and 6TM., 1f: 2fA-7f2, 1%2. r' 141. t.ysold., C.T. erd ssitbritl, 1.11. d faai.r., s.C.: lS:ci.ien of alranal yd.e..a and ap.patb.ctc" is tba tbKSp7 of b7p.rtea.ion. A.. J. twSrr7, 103: ifL-701, 1f62. 142. Nsr.,.1.M. aad iame.ar., f.C.: ftatv of tl.e etocardi.l .rtariolt. la aogt.a p.csasii. 1..r. Mart J., 41: 323-3l3, 1962. 163. 2tt7neldt, C.T.'oed Le...r., f.C.s fyWatiueteer lor sloascule• aqbritia Ktb kn.rt.osiea. ArcE. .ur=., •s: 3:0-313. 1962. 1". toWN.r., L.C., febbtas, C.S., taDia, D.t. .od taaact, C.T.: Chronic nale..pbrttti, r.oa1 tubslat atroph7 and b7partaoalon. Arcb. lot. 11.d., 110: 305-310, 1941. 1145. 1lS.oaaod. J.ri.. iea.a., D. and Darr», S.C.: tor bo.t faetors is tb. d...lopsu ef t.oal call earctoa... W.t. J. Son., Osa. i Oraoe., 70: 2M-2tS, 1112. 166. lrnd4ton, t.M. aedSammmrr., f.C.: A soW tvucpt of t.ma1 byyart.n.io.. .1. Drolop, S!: 113-136, 1943. 147. 1w..a, 0.- hw.estala, 1.. and saIVEr:a. S.C.: A.ua..t.d .acbani.o •f otytbsopoiotit ewtrol ef ymrt.2lo.rtYlar ealla. Aa. J. M.d. Sci., 243: 136-1/7, 1f63. 1AA. 1.ak, 1. ae1 iarr., f.C.s ta.da..trial e.ratu;r tn dYatm.is and tbsrqT. Gba. 4 oy.a.. 21: t36-638. 1943. 149. t.a•oro, d.C., Yaba. C.L. md toes., t.: A bamaqlutinatton r..etiorn of .etban and iafusta of dtllaraot ADO od 2b trwpf. A.. !. Clin. )atb., 3!s N2d86, 1943. 150. aarfiold, A.1. aad it..s., i.C.: TbM aff.ct of srltwtritioo on tropie ltierroo atorat. !o tba ba.ao b7popb7.ta. Arch. t.t.h., 75: 564, 1943. t

etrtal l:a*otLderia u e.ideace 790-79). 1962 . aed Sotaaa, S.C.: t:eirioo 7 La tba tLer.y7 of hnartewtoo. t of tLa t+7ocardial artertolet 64: 323-393, 1962. 9+ath.cta.y for tloaaralo- lvrt•, 4!: 390-393, 1962. , la..atsd taa.ck, C.T.: Car'ootc :y aad lnarcoealeo. Areb. lat. ter., S.C.: faa bort factort rctt,o.a. lM.t. J. fan., Obd. mw coeeopt of taeal trn.rtaosioa. rrt, S.C.: A enaaetad mtebaota. Lo.arular eallt. A.. J. IMd. Set., i.l eorottap ia dd,ataoota .ad 1, 1963. r, t.: A lb~l.tiaattoa rwetioe Y0 aad q tt"a. As. J. Clta. .Isa affoet of rlmtrlttea oa by"b7eia. meh. Tati., 75: / 303 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONfIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. 151. t.aaor, f.l., tah. M. aad S atm.ra, S.C,: Lvflueoea of LasulLe ther.py aad p7alost9hritit opoo dtab.tic tla..rvloaclerotL. to ba..t.r.. Ne"b. 12: 704•709, 1943. 152. torrt, S.C.: iono oadocrina tod L@mL.mlottc utactt of progno.i. to breaat earcitwa. Act. Doioo lat. Cootra Catcar 16: 959-960, 1962. 13). tea.oa, C., lt.twrodo, A. aad tomomert, i.C.: A caaa of brau t eareiaosa tKtS hTotA.Iaric nalfot.ation. Pat. J. aart. Ob.. 6 C7o. 71: 1K-1K, 1963. 154. 1att,.K.3.1. atad foomsara, S.C.: A ellaieo9atholojic aoal7sL• of biopsy hacL.eaa La porti.taot tloaarulaeaqDritta. Aa. J. Tath., 43: 659-475, 1963. 155. iaMoo, D.t., ldeia, P.C. ad sonsar., S.C.: Ata=la-7alenrt.ctaata. J. fau"atk. A aq. {.as. 22: S69-ss3, 196). 136c loaaer, I.1., Iat, M.D„ Doealdaoo, C.V., )Iclauahlin, 1.J. and tosuars, S.C.: Alloraa dta6,otoa La the goldea h...tcr, eti..oericetu. Aaratoa II. Cloaeruloaelereaia aad ita reiattoe to diabcttc rewlattoo. Di.lotaa, 13: •9-5), 1964. 157. Yilltr, 1(., 1arw, M.D. a.d fot:aprr, S.C.: t7roeatreata, aotL• diaratie lootaoeo .ocratioo aad oat call careiso." of tLa lvaj. DLa.-of Cbott, 44: 95-99. 1963. 1Si. 9bsroa, L.f., los;btoo, C.A, aud tota,.rr, t.C.: Tbo utoetattoa of aaatrie yttibalt.l lnMluta amd easeer. Cuero.atarolop 46: 167-272, 1966. 159. T.dl, P. a'd tonswort, f.C.: tueolar La.aatee u aprvpoattc faetor f.a br.a.tt cazciaor. ttsts. 07a.c. Oed CMtet. 1U: 1CC6-10Cl, 1966. 160. t.e.oa, C., Le..aaala, L. a.d fommere, t.C.: ife r.oal arcvla dausa d j:atatlomorolar body !a eirrtiwta. Arek. Lat. Mad. 112: 701-713, 1943. 161. VLlltr, M,J. aad fetaan, S.C.: LqL7soaa. Peptic olcer md 1ung taretaa.a tritL pitaitar7 Ceooke's ealla. An. J. riad. iet., 247: 422-626, 1944. 162. te..ara, S.C. aad Dimo, T,J.: ietaiaar as wtorard r..ettoaa to troataoat. As. Society of ClLaieal fatbolotiata, CEle.to, 1964, 67 pp. 163. lraala,, A.tt., Coatek, .C., Soarr., S.C. aed Ous., L.t.: fatboteo,.aLa of eDronie noleoopbritia. A.. J. Path. 44: 679-705, 1964. 1K. Vrijbt, C.f., /bdmilla, G.A. arrd Qoaitrt. S.C.: fartrvtal doatb: A eliaicopataolotieal aul7eit of 99 aaeoa. Calif. ri.d. 100: 336-339, 1fK. 165. lotmmaro,i.C.: ADmr.alitlu aee.a.ptu7ta{ earctaa.aa of the lartc lata.tisd. DiL. Colon aed leea. 7: 262-269, 1964. ® CTR i i i i ti..lr 1'-S' G.i ':.3

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 304 CONFiDENTIALITY AGREEMENT. 166. teerd7, l.R.. 41111en , M-7. .od S90sweTS. S.C.: Cashing's s7ndrnee and eaecer of Me 1m5; Pituitary Crooh. Call h7p.rplsela in pul.oo.ry eat aall careisnu. Am. SarS., 160r 90-94, 1964. 167. iass.arr. S.C•: patbology of eoaeotial b7perteaaien. C7clo. M.d. 4: 9-15 1964. • 1N. 1eekls~,a.. S., itdlarp, V.p.• tr., and Soasera, S.C.: Yuhonary alv.olar eall iseluotoaat iLeir d.v.lop.eat ta Tat. Seieoce, 145: 1192-1193. 1964. 169. Nusfteld,'Apee, Ii., Tiah.r, Rdvta, 1. and Soe.rrs• S.C.: Disrociation of 6ypophTssal coet.nt and urloary eseretion of groeadotroyin in cirrhosis ptec. Soc. R>p. 31e1. 4 M.d., 116: 14, 1022-1024, Aug,-Sept. 1964. 170. ies.ets, S,C.: polsoear7 e.ql+Tse.a, ),ealed e7ocardial infarctt and ether dfawe correlations with rle brwt straetvre. A., J. M.d. S ei ., 24! : S p t. 1964 . 341 s144 . 171. S o.ars, S.C., Cenick, D.C., Ralaaeaoo, G.M. sod Wta, L.S.: patLoSeeosfs of eDtoofc y"leoopbtitte. Ae. l. path., 45:15 729-73'. 0ov. 1964. 172. priedell, C., Rette, A. ead Sealera, S.C.: Tha propiostic value of blood eessel lavasioo and 17.pbocTttc Sofiltrataa in braaat carcinoea. Caaear, 1S: 12, 164-1K, peb. 1965. 173. Raee.dp, l.R., Yillfaer. M.l. aod So.arrs, S.C.: Pituitary Croot. C.11 trpperpluta ta pela»oarp eareiao.a. Aeto Ooie Contza Caaersa, 20: 1523, 1964. 174. Coeiek, R.C., Rtdtfet, M.D.. Cleason, 1.0. and Sossaers, S.C.: The raeal lu ton io Sout. Ann. Iot. Mod., 62: 667-674, 1965. 175. Sorre. S.C.: R7partaasieo and kidney dieaua. hog. in Cardio- vascnlar diseus. S: 210-234, Rov. 1965. 176. Raleaeaon, C.M., Soaara, S.C. and Oute, L.S.: p7alooephritis vII. Ceparteentul ucaodtag infaction with progrusion of lesions in the absence of Uacteria. Arch. Path., 30: 509-316, 1965. 177. Rsevaa, C. and Sotrra, S.C.: Sensitivtt7 of tbc renal sacule deass to uriaar7 eodtu.. Proc. Soc. txp. lSel. M+d., 120: 324-326, 1965. 175. Serra, S.C.: Sbdocriea patLology of prostattc hypertrophy and tarcieoe,a. bull. M.Y. Aced. Mad. 42: p.24a, March, 1966 (Abstract). 179. /erco.dtt, 2.T, aad Soaera, S.C.: Altered ieflateatory reaction in aowpectfic ulcerative colttie. Arch. lot. M.d., 117: 504, April, 1966. 150, pr1.d.11, C.M., Soerra• S.C „ CDnte, R.M, and Varren, S.: Overian tuoori{.oaaia to !r=adiated parabiotic rats. Cax er Raa. 26: 427-c3t., 1966. 181. 9klsaner, V.A, and Samt<tere, S.C.: Rndo.etrial ebanaes after prolonger proSesterooa and testoateroot adainistration to rabbits. Cancer g.s. 26: 474-475, March, 1%6. 182. More, S.M., 1Mrdiper, V,1. sod Sommerr, S.C.: Cholec7atitis and atetattc artetloecleroele. Ae. l. Clia. 9ath. 45: 465-467, 1966. Ci R i i i i 014816

. rra, S.C.: Cvshin{'a ayndroee ks C.11 h7psrplaria to pul.onary 0-94, 1964. trypertaeateo. Cycle. N.d. 4: 9-15 Sofera, S.C.: pol.ooar7 Vt.ant to rat. Sctence. 143: .. and Sorra, S.C.: Dtetoeiatioo ratee ef soea6ottopin in ctrrt+oata 10J2-1024, AuS.-S.pt. 196G d alod .7ocardtal tnfarcta and raast atrveture. A.. J. Msd. s, C.K. and Oute, L.1.: , 1r, J. patb., 4S:0S .C.: 8+a prognoatic .alee of tnfiltratas in braut carctno.a. sra. S.C.: pitvttary Creoke r. Aeto Oate CoatRa Caoerum, .0. and Som.ert. S.C.: 1he 62: 667-674, 1%S. dtaau a. Trot. La Cardie• .S . L.1 i! pyalee.phritis VI1I profrH/ton of leatoes in the 509-516, 1965. it7 of the ran.l Oaeula danaa .1. ria4., 120: ]24-)26, 1965. prortatic bypartropb) and ,.246, March, 1966 (AD.tract). i:ered tnflammatory raacttoe in 'loti tbd., 117: SO4, Aprtl, 1966. R.M. and Varraa. S.: O.arian : rats. Cascar Raa. 24: 427-4 Y., 1966. :..trial eLn6ea aftK prolenvd :ratton to rabbita. Caaeer Res. ra, S.C,: Chel.e7atttLa and i. Path. 45: 465-467, 1966. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 305 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 16). Soaera, S.C.. priWall, C.l. and Robtnsoo, C.R.: Chrotherapy of ikmman Cancer hansplanta with 1Ytbotrez.ta (A.atboptsrio) and Morea Ser.. Caacer, 19: 674-676, 1%6. 164. Sc%iadlar, I.M. tod Soe.ara, S.C.: Dtabettc aclero.ts ef the 2nzta5loa+rrvlar apparatw. Lab. Lnwt., 1S: •77-N4, .i%6, May. V 165. Sammara, S.C.: Raoal paetora in lppaztao.too. Lar7 Ford lo.p. M,.d ./ull., 14 : 47-54 , )tarch, 1966. 186. >,rtktnSha0, S.. lete..aaa, 1.0. and Sommer.. S.C. and IleVary. V.r.: 7hospho- lipfd eyocbaata in tbe larSa' plavoar7 al.eolar cell: lta relation to - laS Iqrfactaeta.Ir. J. Path. 4S: 10Q7-1061, Jnea, 1966. 187. Solerq, l.l, aod Soaar.,S.C.: Oadocrtaopathy ae.ociatod vith pancraatic caztimt.as - rr.tev of howt factors ineludin.6 hpperplasta and pooadotropie aeti.ity. Arpale of Surlery, 164: 500-704, 1966. 1{!. L.ragh, J,l., Saalry, J.i. aad Semmer.. S.C.: Patterns of adrenal aecretion sed urinary aeretfoe of aldooterooe and plao.a ranin aetivity in nors.: mdhyportanai.e aubjocts. Sepplernt 1 to Cireulatton Research. volr. 71VIII ao,d T12,1-156 - 1-174, Jvee, 1966. 189. Canaoo, p.J., Sta/on. V,i., te.artini, p.L., Sonsera. S.C. and Lara6h, J.H,: l"eruricenta in prisary and ramal bypercaeaion. M.v 1a6. J. Med., 275: 457-464, S.pte.ber, 1%6. 190. Somms.zt, S.C. aed prtodall, 0.1.: Stadtea of eareinosmeata in parabtotie rate. Amala of Mav 7ork Acadaq of Scioncu, 125: 926-912, Jaouary, 1966. 191. [tater, S.J., S orrra, S,C., la{Saaaaa, C.D. and Cooley, i.: Re-avaluatioo of blood .uae1 ia.sioe aa a propnoatie factor io earcioa.a of the breast. C.oear, 19: 1215-1216, Sapte.ber, 1966. 192. ]tf.an, G.A. aed S a>•.ra, S.C.: »o derolop.ant of llodSkia's disease and 17.phasaa durits anticoar.ulaant tLarapy. Ilood. 26: 416 i27,1966. 193. Semmera, S.C.: Maat ealls ard paseth eelle !a uleerative colitis. Gastroaateroloty. S1: i61-648, 1%6. 194. 5 ommar., S.C.: patlwlop of eer.ieal eareiso.a. in "Nav C omepu in CpnecoloSteal Oneolop" Malm..ana Sp.peeia., lS-90, 1966. 195. Sommer., S.C.: 2he stgnifteaace of mdeawtrtal h79erplasiaa. In "Nev Coocepta in CyuecoloSical Oncolop" 6.)msimenn S7upo.it., 205-209, 1966. 196. Sommers, S,C., aed lareo.ita, 2.i.: Inflrtory raspoosee in ulcerative colitta. l.Y. Stata J. riod., 66: 3000-)062, 1966. 197. S.oboda, A.C., Jr., xn.uor, C.tt„ Cible, C.It., Soamsera, S.C. and monroe, L.S.: prollemc to tLe early diapwais of pe;tic aaopluSitia. Oestroiotut. todoacopy pol. 1967. 196. Carnraea, J., Dtaond, L.C., Se.rra, S.C. aed Vank. R.: prevention of induced atheroacl.ro.is by peronidaae. Science, 1S3: 1264-1267, lurch, 1967. CTR HN 014817"

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 306 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 199. upp.7. .1.1. aad Saomeary, S.C.: l7p.rtropbiod p1as.a celle in rallooal wtaritia. A.. ,1. DiS. Dia., 12: 465, 196). 200. l.ooa, 1. aed Sam~rs, S.C.t Calirof .utull.lalua t7pe ta o.ar7 of a patient eritb fasiiaie. pb.aot7p.. Act. Gnetice at Stat. 1Md., 17: 343, 1%7. 201. Coaitk, .C., paol, 6t.. tas..ety, S.C. red are, t.s.: p:aoctieeal •t.diaa is ssparts.ntal pTalooapbrttie. 21. Cerral.tion batw.n acid saratiaa ability and aary.e bieto- ebdalatr7. Acid tscr.tioe aod anr7.a bistoch.aistry in - autparinantal p7aloo.pbritir..i:apbroo, •: 75, 1967. 202. Oold.ebarj, I.l., blkisdl..., S. and Sosere, S.C.: ALooar7 alv.olar laaloo. la .apotoais.d rate. Lab. Ia+aat., 16: 961, 19i7. 203. Sonoara, S.C., lae..a, C. and L...ar, L.: Ias:u:blojit aad ebemootbatapeotic •ffacts oe bf.aa rlaoos,. \atero- trwrplaotr. proe. Soc. 14cp. liol. aod M.d., 123: 740, 1967. 204. lxkiroao, S.. fosssra, S.C. aod Sbarvin, l.p.: L.rioee of tha dorsal tagal aoclaus in the rupiratorp di.tr.ss a7edro.a. Am. ,1. Clia. patb., N: 269, 1967. 205. Serra, S.C.: •yata.atiaad ae.aaclatvra of pathology. patbolo¢a at /lictobiologia, 30: •26, 1967. 206. ltraa.a, M.D., toe.rra, S.C.: M.dullar7 tyatic dieease aad fwilia jo.aaila aaperoawpbtbisiao ti« Lc&. ,1. Med. 277: a6), 1967. 207. tl.bi, t.l.. LonS, M.L., Trirk, l.C.. II and Sa..ers, S.C.: long-tarst aurKval in dis.a.inatad ovarian tarcioae.. Am. .1. Obet. .ed Cpnaa., 99: 322, 1967. 206. D.ncicS, C.l., Sos.r., S.C. and QuiSlq, l.J.: Infertility le .ala patienta with cystic fibrosis. p.diatrics, 41: 7-17, 1968. 209. Harriascoo, ,1.T., fa..ar., S.C. and Rautrar, J.p.: Atbarwatoua saboli vitb prorraaai.s renal failure. Renal astasiograpb7 u tha pr.babla iociting factor. Annals of lst. liad., 68: 132-160, 196l. 210. Caaaoe. p.J.. L.wios. .l.ri., Sos,era, S.C.. Viotars, l.V. and Lar.Sh, J.1.: LstaSlomarular call b7psrplaeia and secondary byparaldo.taronio. (larttar'• S7edro.a): A raa.aluation of tbe patbopbpalolop. Madictaa, 47: 107-171, 1968. C TR < <S i 014816

•, S.C. and Ouaa, L.S.: acul pYoloo.perici.. 21. tine ability aod ooa7a+a bdato- sotyr histoebamistrT 1o phroo, 4: 75, 1967. Quitlay, t.).: Intattilit7 -osi.. p.districs, 41: 7-17, ars, S.C.. Vintors, 1.V. aod 11 fiyy.rpla.ia and aocoedarT iror)o A reevalu.tioo 47: 107-1)1, 1964. TTHIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 307 CONFiDENT1AUIY AGREEMENT. 211. larasA, J.l., L.diaabr, J.C.C. ..d eoarr,., t.C.: {.co.dar7 aldo.t.ranir. and raducod plao.o raota to lrrparVarl.e di..aaa. Ttaas. Aaaoc. Ar. yk7stciaa., Im: 16i-1S1, 19N. 212. Kark.rtta, K., tanatar., S.C., toea.a, t..i. md 9stltr, 1{.0.: lsttcul.r liop.y artifacca r.oalttog tevm ia0rvp.r ti.suo procutla{. J. Orol., 100: 4419, 194i. 213. ia.ats, t.C.: jg (J.lf.s. slood.ort6, .ditor) "Tettfook of p,doctia. p.tblop" SLmI4•Clsnd. H111Lr and Yilkiaa Co., ry 137-1e0, 196a. 2Ly. fosaas, S.C.: j~ "Teatbok o: lodotriaa ratbolop", J.x.s. .loodvortn, odetot, r aa Aetieitie.s pd pqoaodocrtnf aws 2t.oTS. Vi11i.,m aad Hilkta. Co., lalttaera 1966. 215. t,ltcLak, A., Albri{1:t, M.L. ed faasaas, i.C.: 1Lo t.oal yatAolop of tosattia of prosoaet7. OD. ..d Oyn., ~1: S9S-407, 1966. 216. loctiniLa., S., fastssra. S.C. aa,d 1lctiar7, V.t.: Eqari.nt.l resyLrator7 distrass sysdro.a: I C.atral steaoaic .ad t~a.oral pacbf.artic tactors ta palaaeary iaJnr7 .t nta tndaeod rLt1f lyp.rEaric or7tao and tb4 prot.cct.e ottottU of /arbituratou sad 2ruy1o1 t•~ . 1Lo1. 1.oo.t., 12: 261-261, 1%d. 217. Pa1ey, Y.I.. lf.aaat, a.J. Md Maaert. S.C.: dottctd.etal pri"rj aarcoa& and cattieo.a of tke corrLz. Ob. and CJn. 33: 41-47, 19N. 11{. Colda:lart, t.I.. 1.ckia4lu., f.•aN foaato. s.C.: tilocaryino otisulattae of graa+ular p.aummot7ta a.cr.tioa. LaO. Is.ost. 29: 147-1Sd, 1969. 219. TSotor, S.J., lenatars, S.C., Laqroe, D.C., 1rt.dall, C.S. and Coole7, L.: NWclaar vrada and atsoa kiottaeytowis in eacar of tbe krosat. Cancrt, 23: 570- 573, 1%9. 220. Sorr., S.C.: itiatoloeic eLugu t. txipiss:t urciao.a of tLa Draaat. Canear, 23: $22, 1%9. 221. KarkMts, K., Y.ae..., R.J., Ttaprt,nt, •., Kalan.-Eat17, D., and Sc..er., S.C.: Cyprocorona acatate (=11 714) tftact eo Di.tolop and Muclaic Acid =7etha.i• tn tLe 2qtM of latiant. vitb Trootattc Carcim.a. Ia.a.t. Urol.. 6:634-649, 1969. 222. ieLrartt, D.T., lnda, l J1. aed fat.on , 2.C.: Zsa tffott of yort.canl 2raaapooitioe aed l.a.l Artory ltwo.ll os tb. Ljoctioo .t i.oa1 Alloszaf:s ta Do{.. J. Sorg. lua., 9: 4SS-440.1%9. 223. Coldoelore, ..I.. Oeldaai.rt, r.S. and Somara, S.C.: Co.qarati.. •Itra.truetura of at7pieal ductal kyporpl.aia, istraduetsl carsiooss and Safiltratlts "tal e.rtim.o of tb. 9rwt. ,f. Aator. Cancer Soc., 246: 1152-1169, 1%9. 224. (C7C) Sam.r.. S.C. aa:d Lo1.or. C.1.: tooarroat Chylow Aaeitas. P.Y. State J. 11od., .ol., 70: 212-294, Joe. 1970.

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 3()8 GONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. /115. Lea{, 1/. t. .nd fo..ara, S.C.: Sta", Cradto# .a Mtatechrat.try of Ovarten tpithalial 1Lseora: Clietcal Ob.tatrtca e.d Oyseeoloty: lt:•937-954, 19-69. v 226. Clapa F. t. d Sa..era, S.C. (CpC): tack s•aia, tenal Failure aad Abnorr.al r.fwvtoa p7aloSram: t•Y State . Mod., Vol. 70, K9-t79, April, 1970 227. t.da, J.•A , 16eA11tator, p l. rd Saa.era, S. C: Surgical Traat.ent of t.s,o.aseular *»artonatoe: • m. Arrieao J. of Sart.: 119: 374-576, 1970 ~ 228. t.ar, L., tam.n., i.C., trafoff, L. t. at .1: Aldo.terooi.e i.eudo-prisary Ctrcnlatioe t.aaatcL: 27: 1-203, 1970 (tup9le..ot II) 229. S..rra, Sy C.: tf..itelficanca of tedo.etrial )typ.rplaeta sod Its Culy Dtageosia: C)sac.leSical Oocolop : pat•a 129-140, lta7 1969. 230. lo..era, S. C., d T.raakta, J. A.: IIltraatructural Study ef Aldosterone- oocr.tin~ Calla ot tDa Adraeal Certa=: Asar. J. Clie. path.: 54: 303-310, 9.opt. 1970. r 231. 0W, V. l. eed S~rt, S.•C.t (C!C) t.ckackeand Aboor.al fisdinte oo Ches: f11r :. 7. ttaca J. tbd. Vol. 70, 2692-2702, Iwv. 1970. 232. Sos,era, S. C.: "tffeeta of Ioeitint Udiatton Upon Qdoerioe Olands." Ir. patb.lop of Irradiation, edited by C.C. tar]ta, Vtlltams and Wilkins Cc., Cdq. lt, Pata 409. 1970. 233. Could, V. _., Vsk, t., stnd Sommara, S. C.: Ultrastructural Observatir_s or. lrnebial tpitb.lt.l Ryperplaaia a:.d S..mueu. fMt.pluia: Cancer, Vol. 26• •o. 2 August 1971 by t3a Arr rieae Cmeer Soeiet), Ioc. 3. 5 Ltppincoct Ca.pa.r. t•aSaa 426i 36. 234. Ttraakta, J.A., Sammsera, S• C. eod Asdara.on, t.: Mouroaocratnr7 appearir.t ce:ls of Vs.ao sopant.l broneb.i: Laboratory In..atitatioo 26: #1. 127-132 19':. 235. Nattarn, V, D.. tammera, S. C., sed t.aalrar. T. ?.: Oltturic acute re'...l fallura io .alitoant hypartsoaioe: Tha A.. J. of M.d. S2: 1E7-197, 19': 236. `e~ra, EEeldon C„ "Adranal Clmde" !e lathole W. A. D. Andersor., ed., siath Witlon, C. V. Moaby Cs.qao7, St. Lwis, flu11. Vol 2, cb. 36, p~. 1464-14l7 2)7. tas,cra, Shaldee C., "Itr7roid Claud", in patAolot7, V. A. D. Andersor., eC., Sixth tdttion, C. V. tbaby Co., St. Lou1a, 1971. V91 2, Ch. 34, pp. 238. 1a11a, Villta. T. Jr., taadall, tu.sall t. Jr., Saraaara, Sbaldon C., S:ac., Villt.. t., Larkin, trnu t C., Still, V.J.S. Menhyparcalt.ric Sarcc:: rqbropatby. ArcDtvaa of I.tarnal /lodtcina, 130, Autuat 1972, p. 265. 239. tYhta, t., tritfa, D. t„ Soraera, S.C., tarpatkin, ltartaret. Disse*tn.:r: iatravu eular coagulation follevint cardiac arrest: a study of 15 pat:ra:s. A.. J. of the lladical Sciance.. 264:33)-363, Movsber 1972. CTR t i i i ti-.A' 14820

3 a6, cradtos .ed Ntetecbe.istry of Ovarien ee .ed Oysoc.loty: 12: 937-934, 1969. : laek •ate, lanal Ltlur• and Aknormal M., Vol. 70, 049-t79, Arril, 1970 s,.ra, S. C : Surgical Tvoat.ent ot .ess J. •i f.rt.: 119: $74-37t, 1970 tt at ol: Aldeataroate. ?ao,do-yrLary : (Su" l~eot /1) adotwtriel lnoryleate end Its tarly ps 129-140, ltey 1969. 0ltraatrvctvral.Stvdy of Aldoaterono- : A.a . J. Clle. tatb.: 34: 303-310, Lekaehtmd Abeorsal 11edie6s oa Chost 692-2702, Iw.. 1970. i.dtattoe Upo Ddocrlee Clanda," la .C. lerJle, Villi.u ead Vilkiee Co., .• C.: 0ltrettrvetarsl OM .rvattena en ;.naoua qetqlasie: CAeeer, Vol. 23, CeT Societ7, Ise. J. • Llpytneott Kaaeo, !.t titouro.ocr.tery a}paartat eallt Iesetttatiee 26: /1, 127-132 1972. sstrey! ?' P.: 0liturlc .cute roee] e A.. J. of Ned. 52: 1t7-197, 1972. ia latAole V, A. D. Anderton, ed., Louit, 1971. Vol 2, ch. 36, pp. in 9atholop, V, A. D. Anderseo, ad., outa, 1971. VOL 2, Ch. 34, pp. 1431-1431 .1 I. Jr., Seat.ar., Sheldon C., Stacy, . V,J.S. fooAyParcalcamtc Sarcold ricls., 130, Autuat 1972, p. 2!!. - .C., tarpackin, /{arteret. Dltes+.lnated cardiac arretc: a etudy of 13 pattentt. :3s3-363, Move.ber 1972. t 240. 241. 242. 243. TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 309 ('ANFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT.. , D.d)l, l.urea aedjcnsers, Skcldee C. l.et.aa et twreda ta tlrat trta..ct.r Irepaoclee. Arr J of Clie Iatk. 511164. 1973 taterrttt, t.T., tlreecr. J..tih t., Lt.dwcr, ArtLrr T., Marlkak, tichard'n., lis.6vy, teme t., twrjt, Sh.ldee C. "Vieerativa aod Creeulae.ceua Colttl.". Charlw C. 71r.ea, Syrls6fteld, 211Saots, 0073. ienltts, lurtee I., ..d S.nnetra, ik.ldee 11, Ttttorat.d .ea4raeule.cteu. a"an- dtettta i t,lr e.arae et rotia.al tlattt.. Geatreaetcrolop 64:1020-1023, 1973. t.e..n, SLelden C. Crwtk tatr, tyll tl.atit., .ed Itatkratleol Medcla of M.. Cameacs. leekakl.3sp A...al. 1973, 3t109-340. i• 244. Samman, tk.ldoe C. Cerctae.e .t tidaatria. Ltereatiee.l Aead.ey of rad+- o1.p lbaefraTh - TtR tR'Ltl~., ril1lar & Vtlklaa. V.v.rlr Tr+aa, Le Xarrland, 'vaptert 14, pp. 276-297. 245. 246. 247. 2M• 249. 230. 231. 252. 233. 234. sesrrs, L1aLdoi C. 6 L..s, Margant t., O.artam Cerctmr: 9atlwlop, Stasiat, Crodiy, oed fr.ttasL. 1lalletla of tkr t.T. Aead..7 .f 1Wiclae, .e1.49, /10, N.W-L69, OatNor, 1973, twesser., L.C.A.d.r.aee,t. 1aacular aeqhdletlc ekryu ts e.enttal h7pcr• t.ulee. "p.rtmaloe: IYchamlar aad 1furSowat. Ctusa 4 Strattoo, I.c. O« Terk, w. 163-173, 1973. Cs.Ma, 9.J., Mehrrd, I.. Cr e, D.1., Cas.r.lla, Y.J., torr., i.C. & Lalb7. S.C. The r.lattamahip of ky9trtasrl.e a.d r.aal tatl.ra te acl.red.rz,a (PrKra.atv. .7stem .clsrwta) te atnatve1 ..d t'etteeal Oaer.alttiee ot eM r..al 99111441 etre.latlee. 1W., &1-4{, /1, 1974. MrS.r, ,t.t., 6war.rs, S.C., hitoal .d.wle, dyqlaeL, e.d clear eell ade.ecaretee.e attar dtetk7lattlkottrol tr.aanc tn yrotnaeey. okatetrice aw Orsocol.p, 1j:643-632, 13, t1eT 1974. CbAea, A.1., t:.t.3t Takr.rhi d taa.ars. S.C. llatslettc dtttareecc. tn lt.aet sereta.r ot Jar.w" a>,d A.ertaa wme.. Ceeer, &1377-1379, •6, Jww 1974. . 4rtaa+e, V.l., Serrs, S.C., ft7l.r, L.S., MNell, C.w., C.Ilatar, .S., Bctter, L.T.9. 6 0290110. L.: The 9etlrlep VerlLLes Ctoup. Staodardtt.d 9Yeas..rot ot lraaat Spoetr.. Am. J, et Clta. Path., 60:719-791, 16, D.c.1973. tartar, t.[., lets.an, t, fesm.re. S.C. 4 6Yakor, L.A. Caaaer .t tAa wdo,.trts. Tom. IIW.. L:41-34, July 1974. torellts, L.I, 6 tea,ars, S.C. Dittarsettal D1aSa"ts of Olcerativc and Qraaule.etoua Celttle ky Stpsetdoscqy, taetel LioT.7 aed Call Counte of bctol 1Mrc.+a. Art. l. Oa.tr.rt+r.l., Ut460-449, J,ee, 1974 Prowa. L.C., tr.re. t.tt.. taeehata. t.J.. tastedtee. >'.L. 6 LVOesera. S.C. Mtetapkyletoecal Cle.ertla+qiritt. la iersla Ndieta. .T.S.l..f tf.d.. 14:2241-2243. Ma.~.r 1974. C..ld, 9.t., 1.pre, D.t. 6 Nsaert, S.C. 1ltthaltal-Mr.e let.rsletllaj !a beip treut Ltatws. Arck, tah.J ~OV 39d-396, #11. erv+rker 1973. ~, ~- ~1 , t~~ . ~~~ man ® 1._ Ti`4 i iN 014B221

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 810 CONFIDENTIALITY AGREFMENT, 155. rtakar, s.R., ,ha alotlia. l., tLrqyl,C., trallio:, p., Lowmera. S.C. anE 11ehar, l. patbologic fiedin/a frof .tba eational aurtical adjuvint breas: Nre)act -(?rotecol Mo. 4). '1. Ob..r..tioea toocaroitg th. .ulticentric- Sty ef Nsary aaecar.,C.ecor, 21t2t7-2Sk, 1975. 256. laarers, S.C. rd toralitt, !.L : Nircosai-ca11 eounta to ulcerative ane Rswler.ateua oaiit.ia. Arr. J. Clta. Patk.,.63:139-365, #3. N.rcn, 19::. 237. W.ller,3. 4 t...ara,S.C.: palateant patal:Scler.d.n.e• A.er. J. of !larap. a Clte: l.pna, 1:l1-Si 1975. 238. ltelwr, [.t.. Qrelorto, l.M., 1lahar, l., Sewmera, S.C.: Tbe pathology •f ta.u iv. krwt caaear. Cacar 31:1-aS, Vol. 36, #1 for July, 1973. 25~. Sonaaara,S.C., C.artar, N.L. A/rae9cortteal poatitTadiatioo )ibro.is, A::t. - patl-, il:L21-421, lug. 1171. 240. •Tsosaktt, 7.A., fae.are, S.C., ieydar, l.W. L Sabbath, H.: X-ray sicro- wl"ts of lqatts tsorios daporltieeu, Arch. Path., 9l:2a1-2G2, Oct.1's'_. 261. lark.r, L l., S.80-era, t.C.e'"ar, l. .aE Troe, T.L.: liatolctlc aa2 wel.ar•lradi.e6 dVtro.a1 rsactiona aa tadie:aa for pulnoaia in ovara crcor, A.ar. .]. of t1S/GTN., 151:7lS-307. K, ltarch, 1975,. 262. iereltta l.I. t l.~ara f.C.: -taspoeesa.to afrus therapy to olcrrative :calttts - Lvaiuatioe by roctal'biopry, and bistopatbolosical chantes, ~ Ler. J. Cvttro.ctyrol.; • papa, Ibwwsar 1975. 261. ~ htholap Dec.mtrlt (7 wlraa), Aplotve-C.ntery-Crofts. N.T.C.. 44ttM by S.C. Nmera, 1975. 0 Ci i"+. i i i i 01-[' 822

C., Tallte., P., 're. f.C. and sbe tution.l •urtte.l edJu..nt bru.C vtrttow coocernlnj the multicentrle- -234,•1973. .eesal-cell couate !a uleerattve and .. tatb.,.63:339-363, /), riarcA, 1973. lacalricl.r.der.e. A.ar. J. of 3. . 1., fotmeer., S.C.: iLe pathology :1-I3, Vol. 36, I1 for July, 1973. rt1u1 roatirr.dtattoe atbroet., Arcb. !r, 1.V. & Salbath, M.: I-rayilcre- .oes, Arch. tatb., 91:261-2i2. Oct.1974. 1. aad boe. T.1.: 1latelattc and is a.c l.edie.r for Protm.i. in ovarian :3-W7, •6, March, 1975. e.wa 2o alrv.f therapy !a .leerative r7 1t.d bi.topatbolotlcal eLanse., ar+.ber 1975. Aletentoetory-Crofta, 11.T.C., / Lnclosure /3 0 311 THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 1973 IF Ylitio.a1 Iafer.acaa 1. 1.1. Albert, /1.T. hterooa, h:*a.A D.i. lobniaj. Ireb. br.iroe. lltb., 1973, 30. 361-367. i• 2. Z.L. labbott, l.C. 1a11,'D:f. Coup d D.L. lyl.e.t.r. /T11, Laltb 6 Yark !a A.erica m..tLtg, bovemmbar 16-20, 1975. Yatract, 2103. 3. J. Mdoarsaveki, A. Jee,. S. l;trlk a.d Y. ttllolajes7k. ?olakl T7jod. Lak., 1973. 34,1737-1738. •. J.1. salcbar. 1rit. J. DL. Cl,.et, 1975, 69. 267-251. 3. T. iarla and 1.C. Tot.rlf. ic.N, J. 1975, 16, 109-119. 6. T. lar/e aed 1.C. Teems.la. {ea.d.'J. laaP. Dia., 1973, 16, 120-126. 7. C. lerglund and L. filialaaan, Aeta bad. soand., 1973, lfe. 291-296. I. Y.J. tlot and J.T. 1rammummi, h. Lamsc.t, 1975, t, 162-11i. 9. t.li. lrare, tt.C. llar.et, f.T. /.eka d L.V. Lok. Mtar., 1973, 257. 306-307. 10. t.Y. Trars, t. fal.ta d D. 1Ka*.Sstala, Jr. Came.r, 1973, 16, 1903-1911. 11. 1.1.J. liacl. L.eeet, 1973, L T97. 12. J.1.J. lael. J. Soc. Oelq. IW„ 1973, n, 2-10. 13. i. ltasan. .1Y(/, 1973, :33, N1-N3. 14. K. Caplim and t. leotaeatata. brlt. Ited. J., 1973, 2,' SN., J.l. Yacdooald, lbid (1.attar• to ldltor). 13. l. Ceoke and 1. Teegaoi, A..t, l.I. J. If.d., 1975, 3_, 147-13t. 16. 1. Cordq .ed f.1. Ceei.7. r. J. Carliol., 1975. U, 330 (tdlterial). 17. Do 1. Dlt. J. l.7cboaa. De.., 1973, 19, 273-27/. 18. I. Doalaeb, [.I. Mttemiu.m o.d ri.t.t. iatler+. lrit. J. Ieduat. ti.d., 1973, 12, 16-30. 19. P. ?folae. 'iba isstaialagm of 1.' A..t. 1.2. J. IYd., 1975, 3, 2/1, (Abstract). 20. J.I. 4ft d T. farkal. Clla. 1W., 1975. 1.196A, (Abstract). 21. B.-t. 1ark., heaeti.e lf.d., 1973, 4, 373-374. 22. 1.J. 9tickq, l.C. -C1_tt~+. D.1. 1o7oe ..d t.J. le..r.. .tYVA, 1973, J32, (Latter to tditer). : t..r TR t i N 014!. s 23

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 312 CONFIDENTIALlTY AGREEMENT, 1ec1...ra 03 Caetiawd. .. . 23. l.J. liek.7, l.C. Clallaad, D.I. 1oyea ied I.J. forara. Laacat, 1975, 1, 40-41, (L.ttar to tditor). • 24. T.D. Itarlia&. Irs. J. Publ. dta., 1976, 66. 161. (ef alao I.T.t. l1kia., 311d, 3Sl-161; I.D.J. Ire.a, ilid, 161 n. /tarling). 23. V.C. lisds md M.V. fir.t. 1. Bag. J. ri.d., 1973, 92, I 26: C.L. 1u1ar. ti. h+s. J. riad•, 1975, 293, «-19, (Lattar to tditor), (alae lattars tq 1.T. Iv+t.oe and C.1. VLlllaa, •.I. rrioaani., S. T.atar, V.C. iial. aad 14V. /ir.t). 27. l. loe..r, T.J. lfa+oe. P.V. YtLa7 aed J.1. lr..a.nl, Jr. /clanca, 1975, 1005-1007. 28. l. ioowe{ and J.1. 1ram..ai, Jr., Lariiee. Lu ., 1975, 9. 196-207. 29. I. tr~ac, l. C.d.rlof aad L. TriDarl. 1.. J. Ipidaraiol., 1976, 101, 16-29. . 30. "0. Nr..tie and Y. iaric. Ar4it•. ia iisi)aon Lada I Tek., 1975, 26, 15-22. 31. C.L. BnDar. •. U{. J. li.d., 1975, 292, 85i-I59. 32. 1.J.' Iagalft.agar. 1. La{. J. Ibd.; 1973, 293: 1319-1320. 33. C.D. J~, C. T1oGhaa, !. ol..taa. i.J. ITswki, V.T. Iimaon and C.C. fra.. J. ira /trw, 1975, 1_, YW6. 36. 1. Jimmat, t. Tenl and M.l. le..oklatt. Sull. .T. Aead. lf.d., 1975, Sl, 432-438. 35. .D. Utr. T.J. Ialla, If.L. lkllLta7 and P. fvidar.k7. A.. /ev. [s.p. Di.., 1973, 3. 763073. 36. V. Llo.tarko(!ar mod I. Oeeo. Arkaitard.. Iotialaad., Travaotis.d., 1975, 12. 233. 37. l. La..rgoa, L. Rsy'lar-Dr.ijooo aad J. It-?larra. Onieo ls.dlc.la du Cam.d., 1975, 1104. 1397-1406. 38. /. Lala.ita, I. LSeltar and T.I. lio.a.. ioe. iei. 6 M.d., 1975. 9, 207-219. J9. K.D. LMe+itt and I. Larror.. Ct.aat, 1976, 69. •6-50. 40. Y.1. l.a.aodal. A. lfuai, l. Irda17 sad C. Lit.ai. Zait.cLrilt fuer f.7cAo- so.at. li.d. 6 lqeso.a.1., 1975, =1. 270-2a3. 41. D. Iaedbarl, T. Tboorall ..d I. Lind. J. TrTcboao.at. La.. 1975. 19. 27-32. 42. T.1. Max..o .nd C.I. Ld•oe,d. r. hart J., 1975, !0, 380-3a6. 43. L l. Martia, D. LSadsal. P. D.qa.. D. /ruca, M. l.rous, I.l. Lathoni..n sd l.T. Ibeklm. r. le.. laP. Di.., 1975. 7. 119-125. u. l.T. rieCu13a11 and L.l. lal.a,. ri.d. J. Aust.. 1975, 2. 173-175. t.. = i'i, t 1 N 01"C 6L"C

.d., 1973, 292, t44-/43. •/-69, (Ltt.r to lditor), Villi..., A.1. Tri..aata, S. .7. 1rns.ai, Jr. kiasc., 1975, x. i.a., 1973, 9. 196-207. 6.. J. 1tpllarsiol., 1976. JA03. j.ou lada 1 Tok., 1975. 26, 13-22. 4Si-139. 203, 1319-1320. J. 27saoali, M.T. /iaqwe and "6. . lal]. .T. ". 1Md., 1973, i P. "arak7. r. la.. l.ay. Di.., i., ze.ialaad., Trawoti.rd., 1973, St-?iarra. Doloo riadical• du , Soc. Sei. 4 h.d., 1975, 9_, 207-219. 76, 69. A6-S0. S. 1.it.ai. 2.itacLritt [aar T.7cbo- 0-213. . Ta7cbo.o.at. l.a., 1973, 19, t J., 1973, 22. 360-36d. truea, M. l.roua, .l. AetLouiaat. 1973, 7, 119-123. A++.t., 1975, 2, 173-173 I tDclo.ura /3 Continwd. THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 313 CONFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. 45. N.L. IkIlL..a7, J.V. fLa!!.r .od 1.A. li~s.,'Jr. T1a Joboa iophios Mad. - J., 1973, 156, 37-ii. •6. .J. Ibr.rits. lo.y. ttaet., 1973, (&uvuat), ".33 6 39. 47. l.f. h![.nDars.r, Jr. .ad Y.1., La1.. i. laS. J. li.d., 1973. 292, 545-550. W. A.J. la1..r. p.d. J. Snat., 1975. _1,339-Si3. A9. - 1. T..oe.n, 1. Dorie and S. S.rea. CirculLtiee, 1973, 51. 216-223. 30. S. Tda.ar, 0. Rrta.. M.J. Lar.oe.n, A. l71mm.u, P. 111.ka and 1. Tor.ammo. J. Ckroe. Dia., 1973., 26, 239-217. 51. C. l.eksab, V. Dont.ev111 and 1. Leuockear. To:icol., 1973, 3, 2l9-295. 52. L.l. biebmae, S.M. Cooy.r, S. llewntbal, C. llock, D. 0'lara. A.D. CLa.aa, K.l. Lldarwaa, Q.l. D.tlol, 54- 1ars.r and C.1. TDo..oo, J. CSroo. Di.., 1973, 7!, 161-171.' 53. 1.1. loa.e.cc, 1.J. lraad, C.D. J-klos, d. 7'rl.d•an, 1. Straw and M. Vur.. JNSt, 1973, U3, l72-177. 34. .0. 1cDrott, l.)t. Isu.ar, V.1. Ceamor, I. SeEr.iD.r aod V.1. CL.rk.. 1973, laqo. 22 te .ol.. 51 .ad 52, 43. 33. C.C. {altaar. Aa. laart J., 1973, 90, 123-u6. 56. C.C. Wtur, 1.. J. ri.d. Set., 1973, 269, W9-313. 57. i.2. tbelts, l.l. 9caaaa and 1.J. ltmd. 1.. J. lpid.rtiol., 1975, 102, 350-356. 3e. 9.1. laite. J. r. ltat. b.oc., 1975, 70, 341-343. 39. ).1. lp.isar, L6.. Public utn. L.oc.), 1o.. 16-20, 1975, Lbicaso. •17-A. 60. J. St.alar, P. lEo.ber6, J.A. iesoeabarl.r, l.l. SD.la11., A. Dy.r. •. SL.lalla, 1. Staaler aad J. VommmaLr. J. Chrao. Dia., 1973, 26, 327-341. 61. M. ft.ialaeb, P. Lrtul.a, M. Coaatiatisaatru, S. Tb.odorini, 1. Cr.tescu, l. 9oiooa, A. Welu sad . lular. 1... laa. Mrd. - ri.d. Iat., 1973, .U, 13~11. 62. T.D. /terllnl. A717, 1973, 65, 939-933. 63. T.D. lturliat aed D. lmba7ashi. J. e! fat 1+s., 1973, 2, 201-217. 64. t.L. ,lr~., M.C. Itarmot, A. tLsso, I. late and C. lboada. A.. J. Spideralol., 1973, }02, 477-100. 63. C.1. T6o.aa, D.C. Y.a .ad 1.1. Daas7e.ti. The Jolo. qli.a IKad. J., 1973, }2-6, 193-306. 66. C. Ialie.e aod D. talieaa. le.- lam. liad. - Wd. l.t., 1973, 13. 19-2<. +0•067 0 • +6 1 31 CTR f l{4\ 014825

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO 314 DpNFIDENTIAUTY AGREEMENT. N. t.[. Yall.r sd l.J. Lrtkrr. r.tvr., 1576, M, SSf-560, aad M.G. llatoot, t.Y. 1rwn, {.T. i.e1u tad L.Y. bok. PP.S60-S61. 61. .1. tidl. JNY, 2975. jZ4, 3s0•(L.tt.r to tA. tdttor). r 70. A.t. RLe.r, LI. 1a.cL.•t.J. 01sao sad D.L. traij. A.. Lndn.t. l7t. Nwc. J., 2975 ao...ib.r), i01-J10. 71. V. Y.i." aad :.1~. leocet. JtlY, 1975. 2364. 1139-11t2. E..r 1R t i t Z 01"1" 826