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Abst ract s of Repurts I ach rcciprcnl of a lr+h.rcco Induslry Rccc:rrch ('ommitlcc Krant in- aid is resl+r,nsrl,lc Mr the initi:rl prescntatirrn rrr publication of thc results of hrc rcacirch in .ctcnlilic nrcclings r,r in apprul,rr.rte scientific juurr,alt. I r,IlnwmR irc ahmracls, approved by the aulhors, rrl rcwarch reports acknr,wlcJgmR cu(.f.rul frurn Ilrc 1 I R.('. Ihat hnve appcarcd in scientific jr,urn.,ls smre thc 1961 Rcptrrl of the Scientific 1)rrcctnr lhcsc ,hwracts have been grouped under the following headings: 1. Studies al the ('cllular l.evel; 11 Pulmonary PhysioluRy and Anatomy; III (:rrJirrv,nculir Studies; IV. Psycho-Physn,h+Rical Shrdict; V. lobacco ('hcmislry and ItnKhcmistry; VI. Pharmacology. VII. OIlxr Studies; VIII. Revicw. I. Sr-rr(lier at flre (:Pllrrlrrr Lxrt'I "INI)ll(-TION (1F ( IInN(7FS IN SURFA('F. /4('fIVI'IY O1 SIRAIN L( I 1 1 SA I GAS MFA/14RANli INII RI A( IiS" Fly Philrp ('tx.per, Ircnc Gr,IdrinR :rml Mrrrrk Klcin, Ikharlmcnts r,t Surpcry. Albert liinslc•in (,dlcl:c ,oI Mcrhi ine ind Ilfnnu Vc,crans Admini%lratiun Ilrnpital, New Ynrk, N Y Sr rrru e, March 20 1962. p:,gcs 725-726. ( 1 I R('. grantee: ('rK,lwr / 1)urinF an invcatiRihr,n r,/ the cttccls rd various Fau„ut aRcnls on the grow,h r,f sUain 1. anJ Ilel.a ccllc rn rcll cultnrc, the itnmcrliate direct cllect of the he«.,Rc if harUCUl.rlc• and non ft:nntuLur g:rsc•a uvcr the curfarc uf thc%c cell%, m a Rrr.e IK•rhrar,n ch.vnl.c•r, w.rt nf..crvcd lhc I:r~cr,u.:ncents irnrluJcd srn„kc Irr,nr Ihc c,mrhu.Unn rd t iC.ucrlca, rd crl;arcllc rr,haccr, rndy, r,f cig.rrctlc hirc•r, anrl nl r,ni„n.kin Lelv t, :uul nrrn .nu,kc F:rsts such :rs eartwm m,mr,tiJc, hydrr,Ren -ml/idc. rllumin,,ting k:rs. r,o~yhcn, aud hcliurn. Imrnedi:rtcly aftcr Ihe injt•clirm,-f all 1•:r.cs Ic0cd tlrcrc ia a very r:q+id incrcavc of the sur/acc area rd Ihc ccll :tv well ;rc.mcrca.c•rl I;ranul.uity Mrrst evidcnt, howcvcr, is "blchhmR" of thc surfacc r+t thc cclla, which is mrrst matkcd near the center r,f the huhhlcs ul gas and is nrN seen nn the surfaces of ncielrtouinR cells. TTre "blebbing" Persists as Iung as buhhles of gas remain in the per- fucir,n chamtxr If the cnntaminaleJ meetium is repl:rced by fresh medium within I O to 15 nrinules :Jter cnnt:rmin:rlion, the cells :uc prr,nrpll,v restored to their oriRinal apl.ear,nce If "hlchhinR" is alh,wed to ct,nttnue fnr more extended peritxls, cellular activity Rradually decreaces and the cclls die. "IllchhinR" docs not r,c'cnr when cclfs in a ch:rmhcr withnul mcdium are cxla,vrd to air or rncdium ahrnc, undcr vrrirruc rlcyrccs of incrcacc'd prcssurc. It il+pears th.rt the "hlchbinl!" resulls hurn a rli.turhantc r,f tL.e .rrl gcl rcl:rlir,n0hrp of Ihc cell .url:rccs and alqatcntly can rKcur at a K:r% nrcmf.ranc inlcrt,rc'e "AI 11•.RAII()NS IN GROW111 ()l SIRnIN 1('H 1 S fXl'( )SI 1) 1O SM()KIi (iASI:C" Hy Philip ('/N,IKf, Morris Klcin and Irene 1'. Grddring, All,crt l rmtcin ('MlePc of Medicine :urd Hrrmx Vctcrarra Arlminisvati,m Ilo, l-rt.r1, Ncw Ynrk, N Y I'rr,rer•,h.rAt rrf rlrr 1,arNV /", !,(rrrrrrrenr,d Ilr •I, ti•r ,rrrd Afrdrr mr, Vr,lnrnt• I Itl, I,npca I I 11, May 1962. 1 he present series of studics was undertaken to clucidate further the direct actir,n of smokc on living cells maintained in a cullure mcdrum lhe lest suhstances included smnkc from the cumhusuon of ciRaretles, ciRarette tobacco, cigarette paper, onionskin paper, and lubacco wrap(*~d ciRarettes Smoke was collccted under sterile cnndilions. The culture O:rsks were in- vertcd and (he prescribed volume of smnke was intnahrced into each Oask. Tlx ftasks were re-inverted, the fluid medium was allowed to wash uver the cells, and the flasks were gently agitated until all smoke was atsrrncord by the medium. Control cultures were treated in e.actly the same manner, e><ccpl that they received similar doses of slerik air. 'I he eRecl uf non-smoke Rases, in- cludinf illuminating 6as and carbon monoxide, was studied under similar conditions. Under the conditions of this study it appears that there is a"loeic" effect of smoke gases on strain 1. cells in eulture This results both in mor- pholupca'. chanRes in the cells and in alterations in growth curves, as indi- caled by the reduction of cell populalions. The smoke (rom the cumhustion of either cigarette paper or onionskin paper appearrrl to Ite more "tonic" Ihan that from the ecxnbu.tion of whole cigarettes or cigarette tobacco alone. Smoke from paper contained mtxe particulale matter than smoke from cig- arette tobacco or the whole ciRarette, suggesting that the particular matlcr present in smoke gases may be of siRnificance. "('t11.TIVA'TION OF NORMAL ANI) MAI-ICiNANI' f IUMAN LUNG l ISSI tF. 1.1 IIE I:STAALISIIMENT OF TF1R EE AI)1'sN( X'A R('INOMA ('lil.l. S1 RAINS." By Mary V. Reed, Ph.D., and George U. (icy, M/), hinney-ltowell Cancer Research l.ahtxalory, Department of Sur~ery, Johns Ilopkms llrrspital, Baltimore. Md. LaAororary fnvexrignrrrrn, Vr,l. 1 I, pa6es 6JR-652, August 1962. (T.I.R.C grantee: Gcy) 1 he ultimate goal of these studies is the eslahlishrnc•n1 uf autolo6ous strains of normal and malignant lung epithelium for subseyuent comparative sludies with each other and with embryonic lung cells in regard to cytologic and biochemical characteristics and responses to viruses. Specimcns from 41 human easea provisionally diagnosed as hrnR car- cinomas and from 1 I human embyronic lungs were cultured in roller lubcs on collaRen, in pbsma clot, and on the Rlass surface with different cuncen- Iralions of uncupplemenled human serum and of senrm fortified with syn- Ihetic media: Nurmal bronchial epilhelium gave early respt,nses with healing cilia surviving 2 to 3 months. Numan carcinnma cells from the lung possess metabolic advantages over their normal prnlolypes as determined by their preferential sutvival and growth in ctfntinuous culture Strnmal dominance may milittale against such tesp.nsrs arrd often accounts /ur failures to ohlain cither nrumal or rndiRnanl cell growth in continuous crdture, The three human tumorous t'I+ithelial eetl slrains dcacrihcd in this paper are in fhe secund, fourth and fifth years rr.pecfivcly 1 wn wcrc ea tahlished frum pt+rty differenlialed ademrarcinumas r,f the IunR, and une was a fnclastatic carc'inuma of the breast trr the IunR liach strain has diq tinctly differenl cytuloRic and Rrowth characterisrics. IH 19

7)thrr Rrnntnr.: Amcrican ('anccr Srrcicty and Natinnal (':utccr In.titulc. "1 11 (i('lS O1 Slil.l ((IVIi III IRAVIt)1 I: 1 IRRAI)In 1It)N uF '1IIli N(I('l.Fl O1 I IVIN(i ('F1.1 S" Ily PO'11 Muntgrtmcry, I Van 1)rdrn, 1. I. Ilumltey, ('. 1. ('hapman and 1 F:. (lxrk, Jhpatlmcnt nf I'a1ht.Jtrgy. lJnivcrsity tr( letas St.uthwestcrn Medical SchrKd, Uallic !'rrarrdinRt n/ thr Srx irt,y low F.Iprrimrnral Rrn6rw and AfrJi(inr, Vrilutnc 111R, pages 172 -175, November IYhI. (7.1 R C. grantce: Montgomery) ('ontinuuus ultraviolet irradiation of Ihe nucleuc (if a living cell pro- duces nuclear darnage. Although this damaee recemhlec nuclea• dantaRe which occors when the enlire cell is irradiated, it is kss sevcre due to the protection of the cytcplasm fronr the effects of irradiatinn ('ontinunus ultra- viokt irradiation of the nuckus (rf a living cell pnxJuces cyltrplasrnic danrage rccemhling that which oecurs whcn the enlire cell is irradiatcd, tmt is less prunounced. "hFFE(TS 01: A('F.lONF. ANI) PNE.NOL ON FSIAIf1.1S111 I) ('1:1 1. I.INFS ('(11 "1IVA 11i1) IN 117 RU." fly IhmaW M Pace and Alice FIIitHI, Instilule for ('ellular Reseatch, Deparlment of PhysirdrtRy, t Inivereily of Nehraska, I.incoln ("anrrr Rrsrarr h, Vrd. 22, pages 1117- 1 I 2, lanuary 1962. (T I R C. grantee: Pace) Acetone and phenul, whichSre common cnncfiluenls of ciRaretle anroke, have been atudird in various crrnccnlrationc with reference Itr nceir shrat- lerrn e/lects rrm mouse fihrnhliet .nrl htmran akin cells cullivated in vitru. ('oncenlratinns rd atcronc. I11 tl rnR'ml and aMrvc, arc trtRrc trr both I~'pcs of cclls lhe akrn crllc arr n~~rrc •cnvlnc tr. atcamnc rllctt~ tlrnn are thc fibrnhlaat c'clla Althr-uRh t rt rny rnl .n r Innr r, nnl tr-trt Ir hhrtrl.I.tUt within a Ill day Lctiral, rt r% n../"„ J.Iv - r.- thc ktn tcll. Phcnul in cnnccntutlnons arl It -` rn' rrrl rnA .rhrovr ro, a rv ttitrt and krlls the cclls within an hour trr Iwtr I,, ,t nrcnu.rtu nc u/ 1/ 1.rn.l 11 It, mK nil srane uf the lihrnhlaal cclls wrrc .trll IrvrnR :rttr r 14) tla~., hw a Jrhnilc inhihiurry rfiect was irrnccalcd r,rrly IS^,;, trf the ccllc aurvivcd for that l.rrio. '(hc ckin cells appeared lo t.c Iccs ccnarlive: 57'.':, trf Ihc cclle aur- viv[(I 10 dayc after exlxrsure to !) 16 mg/ml rrf phenol concentrate. )thrr Rrentnr: The ('txrrer Ftrundalirrn, through the lJnivcreily of Nehraska Frwndation. ""illE? EFFEC'1S OF SULPI1l1R 1)IOXII)F, UPON ESI'AD(.ISIIFh ('li(.I. I.INGS (lJLTIVATF.O IN VITRO." fly )ames R. "Ihnrnpsnn and 1)onald M. Pace, Institute for ('eNular Rescarch, llnivercily rd Nel.raska, I incoln ('unadran lrrurnal of Rrrwhrrnitrry onJ l'hyJirrl.rRv. Vrdume 411, pages 21/7-21 R, February 1962 (iacetrus wlphur ditrttitle has been cilrrl ns rmr td thr nrejrrr cnntami nanta trl the air, yet vcry little is kmrwn ahtrut rl% mtKlc o/ atlur.u u/Har living tiasnr othrr than as a"respiratnry uritant " I hr fracihilrty trl ulrlirrng tisaue tufturr mrthrtilc hrr Irrng tcnn studics (if tlrc r•Ilrttc rrl luw ti,ntcnualirrns rrf ait l•rOlur:1nla ulwrn cclla waa drmrrnalr.rlr 1 F,y Ihr rr,l-aurr Ior Sf /r anrl irt t.rlla ~A rnll~nr. nf Crr.un I nnnr.c trtl, /lrl+r~~hl.t.ta), rn-r.r hvrr trlla, ."n'l 11, 1 .1 ''It, J, tr.cd Ir.mn :rn (I,rlhr•Ir.r! ,.u,tnnnr.r rol Ilrc Irutn:rn tctarx. I lhc Ilcl.a cellc were more sensitive to S(/. cnptrcurc than thc mouu ccllc, wluch ccemc to suplw,rl the general tlKais that Iwm:rns are murc xnsi live tu sulphur diutide than other nramntals. ('ellc cultivated in biohvgical medium grow in cuncenlrations of gaseuue SO_ up tn N/IN) p p m., although somewhat inhibited. ('cllc snh''cc1cJ to a conccntralion af SIKI p.p.m. in this medium are nol greatly aRec,cd and their grnwlh is comparable to those cells in control culturec 1 hc addition uf various salts of SU_ in concen/ralinns from 10 to 2(X) mg % pnKluced reslxmses ranging from complete inhibition of growth (by 2(N) mg 9'o, NaI1SO,) to apparent stimulation of growth by some cuncentrations of Na,S(),. "INFI.I If•.NC'li OF NI('OTINE ON CFUS O1= RAItBI1 S' AORl'A ANh MYOCARf)Il1M IN TISSUE CULTURfS." Dy Tatsuo Kokuhu and C). l. Pollak, 1)over Medical Research (.'enler, 1)c,ver, Ikl. Fl i prrimrntal and Mnlruda. I'tuhrrluRy, Volume 1, pages 293-303. June 1962 (T,I R('. grantee: Prdlak ) llre aaa.ciatitm of cigarette smoking with eardiovascular diceases in several statistical atudies prompted study of the eflect o( cigarette smoke amdenwle and tobacco constituents an cardiovascular cells in vinn. lhis paper concerns the effect of nicotine added to nutrient media be- fore innculalUon or after growth of aortic and myocardial cclls from normo- and hylxrcholesteremic r•abbits. The concentrations of nicatine ueed were arrived at by trial and error. Solutionc weaker than 1:411,(NN/ added to the nutrient before inoculation were inefkctive; solutions nl greater cuncentra- tion than (: I,0O0 proved too strong; other tests were at concentrations of 1: 2,S(11/, 1: S,((K) and 1:10,(KX). Addition of nicotine to the nutrient before inoculation inhibited cell growth, reculling in fewer positive cultures, nd there was severe and often fatal damaPe lo the slruclure of various eells. Inhibition of cell growth te- flecled by the number of positive cultures, deprescitm ul ccll proliferation and multiplicalitm, dama(te to cell slructure, end the speed and degree of rectrvery from damage all mirrored the cuncerHratitm of nictrtine applied Character nnd extent of morPhringic damage as.,well as recovery fnnn st-rne derentkd also un the cell type. I.englh of cell exposure to nicotine was a strong factor in recovery of eells. 'Otl.rr Rrnnrnr: National Ilearl Inclitute. MORPIIUI MIr'AI. ANI) ('YlOILO(71('AL. ST(11)Y UF 111./MAN AMNION (TI.1 S IN TFIE CY)tIRSI: OF RI;('OVfRY I ROM RAINA l1UN IN1tIRY." Ily Maaahim Mizulani, Yuh 11. Nnkanialhi anJ (' M Pomcrat, (Inivcraity trl Te.as Medical Branch, (ialveclun 7rrur Krporrr rn BiohrRy anJ Afrdirinr, Vu(. 19, pages d11-N24, Winter 1961, ( 1 I R(' granlce: Ponrerat) A well ratahhshed human arnrnrur itrain which wac cuhivarrtt m Rtnr thaml.crs w.ra uradratcd with ItNK)r Irum a ctrhall" %ooltr lirr m.rtcrr.rl. Ihuc lUentr•d wcrr slaincd wilh lacuhcun's rnclhrrd daily rtrr fivr auttrt.rvc dayc /rdbtwrn); irraJiatiun 'Ibe changes in cell Iwrpulalu,n an.l nnrtrlic mdrl and Ihr inciJt•nrr rrf granr and mullinuckale crllc were exaunnvd A lrr-/rul.t IirNi u/ thrc .trrur wluth Irad a mutl.tl ehrrnnrnuure numhrr td /S .hnwcJ severe injury altcr irr:rdrauun lhe crll culturca Krnwn Irrrrn thc rrtr.vrry 21 ,n

rrf r:rrli:ucd ccll tultures wcrc ch:tractcri?erl I+y a rnrwlaI chnrmi ,o nnc numhcr tit 71 l Fhc mcr hanisnt rrf giant ccll (nrmatinn ind thc ch:rn/-c•, in the mrKl:tt clhnuurr.rrnrc nurnhc•rs havt hcern rlt~tusscd in rcfcrcncc bt rcfwrrtcJ cvtdcnce. hrr Rrnnlnrr Schtwrl yd Avialirrn Mcdicinc• IISnI • R:rnrLrlph Air frrrt'e 1 c><as II, 1'rtlntrrnnr-y 1'hyaiultrRy urt.! .Irnnt.rnty "PI(()1 t(' I I V I. 1?Fl li('T OF PARASYMPA 1 III I I('(/MIMIi-11(' A(i/ NIS ON ( II.IAl1:1) Ml/('l1S•Sf:('RI.IIN(i 1TIII111 1tIM." Ily 11:Im1. I:tlk, Ph I) , Paul Kotin, M I). and Ilcrta M. I rerner, 1'h h• Ik- partrncnls rd t'ahrdtrRy, l)niversily tit Southern ( alifurnia Schtwd (rf Mcdi- cinc and I rn Angeles (•rrunty (ieneral Ilrnpdhl /r/nrrrnl tit thr Nurinrnol ('nnrrr Intrirurr, Volunx 27, pages 1179-1192. Ikcemfxr 1961. ( 1 .1 R('. Frantcc Falk) Fxprnurc tit ciliated nwcus sccrclinR epithelium of Ihc e%rrphaRus of Ihe IrrrR Irr Lar~symf~albcticnmimelic a6enls prulccls aPainsl 1hc cllccts (if irrit.ml acrr,vd% %n that the dnwinR of mucous slrcam induced by Ihc Iallcr drres nrrl tx'cur 'I hc aRent( studied inctude I ) acet)•Ichrrlinc and cMdine like drnr, 2) chrrlmcstcrasc inhihitors, and 1) comfxwnds rel:tlcrl tit nicr.linic acid f'rirrr af,ldicalir+n r+f such.f.arasyrnpalhelicomimetic aQcnls eacrls a prrrphylactic eller:t aRaind the suh.cqucnt action of irritants. Irril:rnrc fmwnt in the parttc ul:rle phase uf ciRarettc smokc and urban rtllutcd atr inthrce a shrwinR in thc ratc rrt /lrrw in the mucuus slrc:un, proha- y as a rccult of altcralirrns c+f cilt:rry activity artd nuwliticatirrn nf mucrtus secretion !n rrrn this h:ts hern ahrrwn Hr l:urlttalc PrnlnnRcd relcnlirm nf r:trliculate nrattcr tettliny rm the re~l,ir:ttnry cltithcfium of mice. rat., and rabbits Whcn Ihc partrculatcs crrnar.t rrf rtr cr+nt:un known carcinrrRenic apcnts, their pt~sihlc rrdc in Ihc Ir:,Ihrrgcnccis trf I,ulmrrnary cant'cr is supgcslcd Iks)ii1c the dcmonstralir.n tit carcinn}cnic, aRcnts in I+r+lluwJ urhnn air and cigarette smoke, analysis of cpideminlop,ical data revcals Ihrt by f:rr the greater rnaj<rrily rd Ihnsc cxPrned lo this carcinrrgcnic rnilicu drr not dcvchrp puhnnnary cancct. lo us an alrraclive and plausihle explanatiun hrr this cpiJcntiuhrFic:d atlcrn is that Irrcat and systemic host factors are siynifrcanlly concerned with the entry and action of carcinrrgenic agents AOt . Arr Rrnntnr.: National Cancer Instilute and American Cancer S(x'icly. "1'ANI.OIfll1.AR f:MPIIYSIiMA ANA1OMY AND f'AIIfUUYNAM- 1('S " 11y John I'. Wyatt, M 1) , Vernon W Ui%cher• and I lr-ncrrl C Swect, MO , I('('P, I)el,ar/nrents nf I'athrduRy and Mcdicine, SI I ouiv I lnivcr.ity Schnrd of Mcdirinc, St, Louis, Mo 1lrvnrrr nf thr (Yvrr• Vrd 41, h:Ipcs 211) 259. March 1962 (T I R(' pr.mlcc: Wy:rtll 1':rnlrrF.ul.rr cmrhyscrn:r is a mrnlrhrdrrpu dcnnminatnr t rrnrnu,n Irr wr h unlike tr+nditirm :rs (+rimary huml+h.ttk thc.t rlr/ramitics, 1ra:rhtcJ h.urlcn inR rrf Ihr thtln. r-f Ihc Inn1•. or Ltrpc hrnnr hr.J ulwav% dc lrunritrt% .rnd trm. pcnrl.rl "L.h.rr" ~ nrl~lry., m.r 1 r a wrll rlrInnrl r, Ihr .rrrw.r,rd,.trn~ Ir~,n in ~~.~.i ~ t.. ~ . ,. . ~ ~... .., . .r i . . ...... ... . . ~~• ,~,rL,.~~i ~.nr~~ lural hranchial deformity was also found, but thcse w•cre usually assrriatcd wilh Icaner degrees of emphysema. 1)ronchial disturbances may produce not only an ohstnrctive airway mcchani.m leading to air IrappinR, bul indirectly inllncnce swlacc tensiun ncenumcna within the IunR or impair clearance of enltaphcd Ixrllulants and in this way iniliale ernsion of Ihe air sac nrernhranes. IIyPCrlmphy of Ihe right ventricle was a frequent cornPanrr~n tit es- lahlishcd cases tit RcncraliYed panhrbtdar cmphyscma. The air Irr tbIrwrtl ca changinF surf:rcc -- the pulmonary contribuliun to homeuslasis - is pro- rrssrvcly dcslrnycd through alveolar sac dicsrrlulion with Ihe cuncurrenl ~res uf the perfusing lung bed being resfxwnihle fur Ihe ctrmrnrm clinir,d manifcslalirrns of cnr pulmrmak. OIher rklerminanls invulved in the develupment of cor Pulnumalc are pathologic hy-passcs from artery to vein, hrunchnPulmratary shuntinp p,rr- Ircularly in enlPhysema with fihrosis and a dectNnl.Cnsating fwrrlal atygrrs rulrnnnary vein syslcm 1hcsc rnorpholuRical frndinRs rcllccl Iltc Primary rmlwutancc tit the Pulrnonary•cardiac discase in the natur:d hisaay rd this form of cmlrhyscma. 111. Cordinrn•sc(tlnr Stutli(•. " I I11: VIISR(X'ARIN(GRAPIIIC fiXfiR('ISIi 1 f?S'I If( )I( (1)R( )NAR Y INSIIf•F1('IF.NCY." Ny (larence M. Agress. M 1) , FA('(', and Stanley WeRner, C'ardiovascular Research f-ahcxalory, University of ('alihrrnia, 1k- partmcnt uf Medicine, l.os AnRcks, ('alifnrnia. Anrerir rur lraernrJ n/ ('ardin- uLrgy. Vol 9, pages 541-546, April 1962. ('C.I.R,('. Rrantec: AKress) l he data obtained front this study represent a snrall Rruup rd fraticnts and, thcrcfure, can only be considered as a preliminary tcyarrt Since the patients selected were a carcfully-studicd RrtwP, huwevcr, Rrcater accuracy can he expected than from mass data colkcliun. l hc vihrrn'ardirrRraphic exercise test rcrfornred is a qvantitative test dependent nn a numcrical rnca- suremcnt only, and is free of qualilative interpretation. Inilial dcllectinns of the vihrr>tardiogram were mcaiurcrl Ixfrrrc and after a single Iwn step test in RI palicnts, including Mrth mrrru:rls and IKr• ums with ruytcardial ischcmia. 7 he nrrrmal reslamse was a widcninP of Ihe wave inlervals• expressed ns a ralio nf total syslydc• the incrrrse rangrng frran S tu 21M1^J~. In abnormal subjects there was a decrease r:rnRinK frrrm S to 61^h.. Nr+rmal and fUnclionally nrrrrnal patients currcl:ttcd wilh their clinicil diaRnrnes in R7^.(, nf the eases by thc two-slcp test and 't4"S• by Ihe vihru eardinfrahhic interval test In :Ihnnrucd palicnlc the currcl:trinns wcrc 6h":• and RR% rc~reclivcly. An addturrn:tl RS cascs inclu,linF hrrth sinplc anrl JuuLlt• twn .tcl- 11.0% Iravc la•cn arlrlyd Irr Ihc sludy with no cacnUal t hanl!r m ncw .rlrrrvc cont-lusirrns "I I I I.('1 (11 NI( (t11NFUN'111F('ORUNARY I11 ()(11) 11 (11V nNt) RI I.A'I1;.1)( If(! Itl n1O{ZYI'AI(AMI:11 HS t(/1(It11 nllii'I S11i1)Y IN NORMnI INKiS AN11 It(NiS W1111 ( uRONnl(Y INC1/11 1('I F.N('Y "anJ' 1 I I 1( ISrrl I'1 It\,\NIIN I1(n,/• A NI \V ( t)l(()NnItl 2 1

VASUUII A'IOR. ON ('ORONARY III (N11) I 1 c)W ANI) ( ARI)IA(' 1)YNAMI( S IN IIIF Ix)(i." Ify Samucl Itcllcl, A11), )amcc W Wcct, Ph I), Otln V hlnllcr, M U. antl FIF(, (•. Manrt,li, M 1), Ihvi.iun (,f ('anli- tdt,yy, I'hrlatJ.•Irl+ia (iencral fltnPital and I)cl+attn+cnl r+/ I'h:rrm:rtt,InKy and Rt,hmctlc I(,undatit+n• llniversity of Pcnncylvartia Mrtlic:tl Srh+x,l, PhilatJcll+hra ( ir(uLui(,n Rrsrorrh. Val. 11), l,a(;cc 27-14 and \S-44, lan- uary 1962 ( 1 I R(' Rrantec: Nellcl) 7 frc cllcct uf inuavenousl~ adminidcrcts nic,rlinc ( 211 rnicrtr- Rramt, KR min ) t,n cnrunary hltxxl flow and relitc(1 hcnurlynamir Ir,rr.unc- Icrt wat sludictl in thc nttrmal inracl tkrR and in the dt+R wilh intluct•tl chnmic ct+rt,nary inaufricicncy. Nicotine increaced cardiac wtak m:uke(Ity in IxHh RrouPt td dt+Rs hy an increase in the mean artcrial blood Pressurc and carJiac tnwrPut. Mean ctrntrol coronary hkxrd flow was mtxlcratcly tkcrcatcd in t1uRs with cornnary artery ligation and markedly Jc•crcaccd in dt,Kt with narrnw- ins nf thc twit main hranches td the kft corttnary artery Inrrca.c in ct,n,nary~ bltxxl flow Prtxlncetl hy nicntine in nunnal dogs was tnc%crvctl Irr t+c ac hiKh as 1257(• o.r an average over the ct+n(rul vr,lue. 'I he averaKc int: reatc wat 8 2 5% with IrKation of one cort,nary arlery branch and 9 3 1^r. with narrnw- inR r,f the twtr main branches lhc res(,t,nte of the cnrunaryafhrw wat tlircclly rclatcd 1(r the tlcKrce of coronary narrt,winR and/ur tKCfu6nn; the grcalcr the imhairmcnl. the smallcr was the incremcn/ in ctatmary hltxxl flt,w, which Irctlucntly tJr(,PPc•J t.cluw the control value in Ihc fx,cl inlu6nn I,eritxl ('t+nrn.try vaecular rc- sitlance end rnyrx'ardial nXyKert uliriruinn tlcclincd during nrct,linc atlmin- ittratitm. I'crsanlin• a ncw ct,rnnary vattxlilalt+r, I,rtxfut:c(1 :rn avcraftc incrca%e in coronary hltxxl II(tw of 15V^S. t+vcr rtnurr+l vafuct in nt,rnral animalt• of 1hSry., in Jt,Rt wilh ligation of trne ct,r(,rcrry arlcty hranch, and t+f SI^, in dogs with coronary artery narrnwing wilhuul incrcatinp canliac t t+ntractiltly o cardiac wnrk. O V se rh.r Rrnnlnr.: 1 he Fili I.illy ('trmPany, the I i(c Incurancc Mctlic:+l Rc- arch I unJ• and the American ficarl Ascocialian. "FfFI:(-r OF C'I(iARFTrfi SMOKING ON FRFT FA1 IY A( 11rS IN PAlIIiNISWI11111IiA1,Lq MY~ K~ARUTAI•INVAR("IIUN"Ityl+I(rcd Kcrshhaum, M F)., Samuc(11r.ikt: M.l)., FACC. Raymond F. ('aplan. M 1)., and (.cnnard 1. FeinherR, Ph 1).• Philatklphia Gcncral Flutpilal, Pcnncyl- v:mia Arnrrr( nn I(,urnuf of ('urdiuln)rr, Vulurne II), P;tKct 2t)4 2I/A, Atrgual, 1962 lhc effecl (,f srnokinR on scrun/ free fatly acidt (1•FA) was sl.rtlied m 1 7 I,alicntt wi/h lrcaled mytx'artli:J inf:uctitm, aKcd Ih h•/, incluJrnK r,nc (cmalc I here w:,s an average rnanimal ri~c of hS f,''S in I 1•A in :JI .uhl(•c1t in 111 It, 2/) tninulrs aflcr tm+,krng Iwn tiK:ucllct irn a It) tninutr I,(n+,d St,nte elcv:rUt+n utually Per.iclt•d It,r 411 nrnnnet Irt Ir, nt.n tnr+,nary P:dicntc I I A clcv:rti(+n. :+flrr .m++ktng '7 2''% •:+n+l m I1/ n~,rm:rl tul+lrt 1% Ihtr avcr.+Pc ,u.+a+n,.+l rr.,• w.r. 2 1 h": In I I n+m "nt•ku+l• (+•nuult, Ih,'rtw," an .,vrr.+l•r n+.,tnn.+l I+"r n1 I/";. +In++nr• Ih+ Ir.t In,n0 II ic tur.rt•ttcd that the greater FFA recfx,nce in myt,(:uJi.rl in):ucu+,n Paticnl% ic Ihc rt•tult of a Rrc:rtcr calccht,larninc rcIca.c a11rr nn(,linc stintul:,tiun U,14,hbrr Rrnnror: National Ilcart Inclilulc. "P11:IAFlt)I I(', IIISI(/1 (Hil(' ANI) I11S1(K'11FMl('AI. ACI'I-( IS UI llIli 1f(IM(1(iRAI 11:1) IIIiARI•" Ny R. 1. alin(t and (fly invilatitm) C. ( hil':r, A('hrytnhun, S GuJhiarnacttn. and 1'. 1.. Wtdf, Waync St:ue Universily ('t,11cFe of Medicine. Iklrt+it, Mich. 7runrnrtit,nt n/ rltr A tart in- Nrmr,rf .lrnrrnun I'Irt'titrdn.t• Volurne 74. P:r(;t•s 1IR-•112, 14h) (1 I R(' Kranlct' IIinF) Mclalx,lic ttudiec on the htrmngraltcd canine heart dcmt+nclralcd in snnrc Prcparatiunt high respiratnry yutNienls caislinR IuRelhcr with iocrcaced pyrovate• negative mytx•ardial kettwK' catractitms, and dimmithcd 1,11 in coronary vcin hhxal. lhe percentage Rluct+te ursyRcn cztraclitm r.ttiut fre t~nently e.cet•ded I(N)'• 'Ifu•te chanret cuRRetted glyealycic• wilh a hrcak- t1(,wn uf pyruvale throuRh the (at(y acid r.Hfher than Ihe Irirarhuuylic acitl cyclr. '1 he rct',ir:dt+ry t'hain, htrwcvcr, appeared hr Fx• inlact, ti-nt'c dif- ferencet in uxitlalitm reduclitm~t entials between coronary arlerial antl vein hltwxl wcre neKalivc. APparenlly, ht,mnRraf( rejectitm resullcd in incrcaced cell rerrncahrlity with Incc of enryn+es and euemymes fYt,m thc ccll 'Ihe Iwtr hatic patholtrRic prt+cescet Presen/ in the cct•lit,ns uf thc hmmo- (;r:dlcd hc:uls were Rranulnmaltxrs rnycxarJitic aimilar lit Ihc :,rutc (,nddcra- live stage trf rheumalic fever bul lacking fihrinaiJ nccnr.ic an(1 myt+cartlial necrtnit after R Jays of viability. This pallern is most likely due ttr an im- mune lictue reclnmce. Ilictnchcmical sludiec demonctrate active latxluctit+n of RNA protein in (he graft and marked reduction in malic tlchyJrtrKt•nasc in the donor ccart after RraftinR. "1 RANSPI.AN I Al ION OI-' 111E 111iART." Hy Richartl I IIinR• ('hiyn ('hiha, Alhanacitx ( hryurhou• Paul 1.. Wulf and SiFmundur (indhjarnaa,n, Ik•Partmt•nl of Mcdicinc, Wayne State F)niversity Cullerc of Mcdiiine and Iiarlnr 1ltnpilal, 1)clruit, Mich Fditorial, in ('irr'rslurit,n. Vultume 25, PaKes 271-276. I:chrirary 1462. frantplantatitm immunity• rccuhinR in dre rejeclion nf the htrnu,Kraf1, it Ihc tcttdl of antiRcnt frt,m the Rraft• which, trn reaching the rcRit,n:d lymph ntxlcc, climul:rlc prtxluclit,n td lynq,htrid ccllt which infilOralc Ihc Krall and dcdrtty it 'framl,l:rntalitm immunity may hc aclivefy.acyuirctl• antl adaptrvc imtmmity to Ihc h,nnuKr:dt al.o hat hcen tkmnnstratcd. Altht,uph I)rc n:uure of the anligcnc ic m,1 known• it has hccn shown that cells c:rn he nnuphtr logically tlicintc);r:rtctl wilhtnrt JcatrtryinR thcir (x,wcr Itr clich Ir:uttld:utla- tiun imnrunity. :u+tl it hac fx'cn demrm.tralcd Ihat Ihc amiKcntc tuh.tantcs are cslx•cially c'+,nccntr:ttrd in Ihe nuclrar fracritm t,f di.i r:Ued ccllc In thic l.th(,ratury. twtr dic.inrilar palhtdt,ytic /utxca.ct wcrc t+l..crv,•d in hunnt)-rahc(1 t:tninc hrarla; t+nc h•tit,n crrntiNCJ t,f a tldfuac I,.urc:nJitis (Kranul+,maltnr. in/iftrati(,n) Ih:t1 wat alrrkinFly timil:rr lu Ilic (,r+,htcr.tlive tlaf•c rd acul(. nccnn+atic Icver Ihc tatxnd type nf ch:urpc (,F,ttr.t•+I w.rt acutc rnytx':uJi.+l urt r(,.ic wirh inrcr.tiual elkma and I,nlvrnt+rl,h++nu( Ic.,r ncutrt,l+hilrc• intiltn+u+un td Ih( ha/rncnlcJ mytx:u(th.r1 ti..uc It r% md I+krly that Ihnrnt+Kr.rfts uf Iht• hc.ut will I,t' nf :tny t linrc.tl i+nl.+,rl.tnt r rn rhk, /+,rr.rt n futurc II(,wrvcr• it r. I+rul,:+l,ic 111,11 nn+c (un(l.rnrcnl:d knnwtrd/•(• (.+n I•r 2t; )t

Rnincd frrms a t:rte/ul cttrdy t,t Ihi e+,rrt•latit,n hc(wccn thc Inr.)•trccitm r,( hr,nrr,yr:rlt rcattnmn and the rnct:rlx,li.nt ul the (r.rncf,l:rnlcd hr.rrt " 11IS. RI I A I 1( )NSIIIP 151.1 WI I N ('ORONARY ISI (xtl) l tOW MYIH'ARI)IA1. t)XYG1;N ( l)NStIMi'llON ANI) ('ARI)L1( W1/RK AS INI 1 tlI N('I I) 11Y f'( RSANIIN " by Vcrnrm I:. Wcnrh, M I), )rihn 1 Suntlrtrnctcr, ft( 1), 1':mcraa 11 tkn Ilakkcr, M I) and Rrth.rrd I IImK, M 1). I A( ('• l),rI,ath+unl t,( Medicine. Wayne Statr tln+vcr.it) (,dlcFc tt( Mcdtcinc anrl 11arl,cr Ilr+cpilal, tktrni/, Mich Arnrnrnn Jfrnrnol tr/ ( rrr.brr/. ,,t,t. V,dumc'1. r:rl'cs 44V-4S4, March 1962 1 hc cffcct r+f n rytimidta-ryrimiJine tktivalivc. Percctntin. 4m ctut,+nary hlrxx) flrrw, myrrcarAial ntyEcn ct)nsun,ption antl cardiac wr,rk wac chtdicd in nine r:uicnts wl(h/xlt C:Ir11MV]K•Ul.lr llKeace 1'crsanlin cauccd a dccrcasc in crrrnnary v.ncul:rr rccictance 'Ihc dicu+ciatir,n hclwcrn t'irrliac wtak and tayrK'ardial my}:cn ct,ncamplit,n sufhcctc that Petcamin aclc upt,n ct•Ilular rnclaht,hsm, caucing on inctrase in the t++t)gtn dcrn.tndc ami nccrccitalinR an incrt•au in ctnrrn.vy hlrxxl Ilnw '1he nrl1ninislraurm nf 1't•rcanlin rccuhcd in a rlct linc in 11x• ratitr rd kfl vcrnricul•tr wrxk tn rnyrt'artlcA rreyrcn tv,n cunrhtir,n 11 ic crmt lurkrl that the dtrtR, like nitrc,Plyccrin, tlnnini.hcc c:rrth.rc wr,tk in c,nnc p:tt,cnta and h:x a dirccl cflccl un catdiac ntctaMdicm "('All ( I1()1 AMIN(S IN It( IAU)1 (KiUIIS IIVAR'1 (iRnl IS" fly A Wt yrrtann, (' ( hrt,a, A('htycMhnu and R I Iling, t)c1+aHon•nl u( Medi- cinr W:rynt• St.rlc tlnivcr.ity ('rdlc~r r,l Mcdicinc. (kttt,it, Mith 1'nMrrd- ingr n/ rhr S,krrrv /.rr 1. tprrmu•nnd ltr,dnt;v arul Afr•Jrr rnr, Vr,ltnuc IIMI, I,aRcc t.ll t4t, M.rrch I'1(r2 ( r,nrldctc dtrn•rv:tti„n t,f hnl,l,y hrattc wac accr,ml,li.hrtl hy hunt,+- U,Itr~uc Irany,l.,nl.rlhm l.uJr:rr t r,urr nt ;rml inlr:rcrllular th.trrhulrnn n( c:AC- thtrl.rruincc rrrn.rint rl un.rtlt t tctl thr• 11,0 ? 1 lhrnnc Inll„wrnp Ir.rny,l.tnl:r/irm Wttltitt Ihit, Irurc iK•rirxl attclitcurrl telctlrun Jrtt nul iotlucntt• thc..rl:clu,l.t- mutc crnNcnt u( IF,c hc•tr7 rtaft Altvt 1 2 lu,utn n,r tah'ch, (.r+rrnrcc t,ruhl I,c dc/cclcrl in Irancl,l:tnlcd hcarl "SSttl>1F.S ON 111t= IRANSI'I ANII'l) III~.AR'I. IIS Ml.lAl((1l ISM ANI) 111S 1O1 ()( ;Y " fly ('. ( hiha. Ai 1) . 1' 1.. Wrdi, M 1) , S( intll,jarna- snn, I'h I) , A ('hryarrhtnr, M 1) , 11. Ramrs, M 1) , 11. 1'caram, M 1) , and R I 11inR, M I) • 1)cparlmcntc of Medicine antl 1'alhnluFy, W:rync State lrnivcrcity („Iligc t%( Mcdrtinc• and (lurl+cr Iltucpit,l, Urtrr,it, Mith Inrrrnul rl/ l tlrrrirnrnnrt A1rtlrrrnr. Vtdume 115, pages R'C) Hh(,, Al,ril 1962. 1 the mct:trxrlic thangcs in the hr,mnFr:+ftcd cnninc hc:ut wcrc ctnthcd in rtrtler It+ deline the hir,chentical altenttiunc accumpnnyinR hr,mt,rraft re- j<t li„n 1 Ix humr l r:r(ted hcart rt•IcacctS rytntvale anrl I;tct:+tc :,c wcll :,• malic rk hyArrrFcnacc :rnrl :r(drrlace I:><traclirm 4,1 ,lucrKc hy Itre p.ralt u.ually re- m:rincd prnitivc In ccvt•r.r1 rtlx rimcnls, hr,mr,l;r.,ft tcjcttiun w:,c accclc•r:,tctl hy l,riut ccn.itri.rlirm tll thc hw.l :utimal 1lurin); the :rtccicr.ttcd rejc•t tirrn• the rrQ•act u( pytuv.ttc an,) I,tt:rtc w,ts ntnrr I,nsnrnmccd, nntl cvcn ylutr,,c :rl,lx•arcd in imtt:,tc,1,,,ntcatt:tUrmc in crwtrrnaty vcin hht,xl In rn.nry .I,rrurrrnl~ Ihr rr•prr.rt.•ry tlnutir-nt,d rhr uan.1,t.nrtt,t hr:,tt wrll n. u. t•lur„•r r~ttl•rn r,trertrnn ratr„ wrrc rlcv:rtcrl It .,rrnk h/,cly that the ctcv:r(ed recrirah)ry quotients were Ihe rccnI/ of thc canvcrcit,n n( c;trhr,hydr.ucc to fa1. 7he rnclatxllic bltxk or hhxks precrnt in the trans- pl:rntcd hcarl arc likely tu hc the result o( diminutitm tt( inlt:+ccllulat rntyuics I a ctKnryntcc resultins (Rt>,n increaxed cc11u1ar pcrmcahrhty. (h.r Rrnn(nra: U S. Public lleahh Service, Ametican Itearl Accr,ti.uit,n, 1it:hrRan Ilr.ul Asu,cta(itM, I ife Insuratxc Mrttical Rcsratth l und, Iiurnwt~bs Wrtla,me 1vnt1, and )nhn A. 11art(urd Fuundatitxt. "MY(K'ARI)lAI- M1:TAIl()LISM IN A PATICNT WI'I11 IlAC111- MOT(YS 111YROIf)171S ANt) IIYPOTIIYRt)11)1SM " Ny 1' Il tkn Ft:rkkcr. M 1) ,). F. Suntkrmeyer, M 1)., V. E. Wendr, M I) . M S:rlhanry, M h., S(:udhjarnasnn, Ph.l)., and R. 1. DinR, M.1). Arnrriron lmn.nal rr/ Afrditini. Vnhrme 32, pages R22-R26. May 1962. A case of Iiashimottis thytniditia with hylxNhyrnidiern is prccrnled ('ardix (mulPut, axt.nary htiaxl flt)w and myt+cardial uxygcn cnnctnu/airrn wcrt within Ihe nurntal range. Pyruvale and lactate were ettratled hy Ihe fx•:rrl durinR tlrc hasnl sule and rekased by the heart rm exrttise. A tnarkcd inc'rcasc in myt,cardial glucnse.axyRen ertlraclit,n ralit+ was (t,und and the diRcrcnrts in oxiulatit.n-rcduclion Ix.ttntial hctwrcn arlcrial and curtmary vein hltxxl were Ix.citivc at rest nnd euercise. The reculls snl;prct Rlycrrlyeis in the cardiac muct'k of this individual in the presence t,f nrrrrnal rnytr'ardial (D><yFcn ucaFe. "Iltli Rlil)t)X P(YI-1:NTIA1• OF Tllr I.A('rAl'1~.-1'YRIIVA'lli SYS• 1FM IN F11 (N)h AS AN INI)I('A 1011 OF T11F 1-1 tN( I I(1NA1. S I A'I F ( W('FI .l.l /I.AR ( )X II )ATION " Ity SiRrnundur ( iuJl+j:un:r.un and Rirlr,ud 1. ItinR. Rirx lnmit a ct Rierphvtitn .4t ta, Volume 611, p;tKcc 159 162. ltute 1962. •1 he rctlr,R-fxrlentials rrl heart mucck, arterial and crattnary vcin hlr>exl havc lx•cn cakulatcd fram the ralirl of Iaclalc/Pyruvale in Ihc l,recrntt and ahacnce r,f myrx•ardial anunia. In absence af myt)cardi:tl anuni;t, the rcdut- ratcnlial ttf hcatl mucck is mtilre rntitive than that t+( attrrial hl,xxl; lltt retlt,x-p)tcntial t,( cort.nary-vein bhxxf nppmaches that uf the ht•:ul muscle. In mytrc•ardial anoaia the retA/>t-(xNenlial of heart nrust'Ie is rnrrre negative than Ihat uf artcrial hltxxl; that ul cnronary-sinus t+hxxl :y,lar,aihcc thal yd lhe muccle. '/ he resulls n( this sludy suggest that alteralitmc in AI h attass lhe hcart rc(lcti paralkl changes in llx mytKardit1t11. FAI I Y A('II) ('ON('F.NTRATION ANI) ('t1M1'()SVININ IN ARIl?RIAL ltllx)1)." Ily Mattin F. Rtxhtin, ('htictine It Rr,thlin and Vernr,n V . Wendl, Ik•patlmcnt r,( Metlicine, Wayne Statc ttnivrr.rly ('rdtrgc of Mcdicinc, I)ctrr,il, Mich Amrrirun Lnnnrtl rr/ 1'lrvnwl.-A•v, Vnl ?I11, pagcc 111h-11(/, AuFusl 1962. ('1'.I R('. Rranlrt•: IlinK) 1 lie cllccl trf the at)miniclraritrn ttt nrwr(+intyhrine, rlucr,.c end in.ulrn, 1.cnlr,h:ul~qal, and II,iIx•rlcncin un the arlcri:d t'uaccnttatir,n antl t,rn+l„-.i lirxt trf placnta ltcr f•ttty acitlc tFI A/ h.n hccn studictt iii nt.tn and rh,g Wilh a riee td Ihr I I A crmcrnualirm as Irtrxluccd by nurclanrl,hrinr• lhe ct,ntrihuli,m trf nlcic acid trr the IrNal I-Fn int•reaced, whrlc IIr.H rd clr.uii and I,alrnilic aculs Jrcreaccd Ihe rrverce chanRee in Iht• I I A cr,rnp,rcrtrnn wtrc tlhu•tvctl whrn Ihcir arrctial kvcl (rll undcr the in/tucnrr td .,Ihcr aRcntt stutlicd 1 hc 1 1 A ct,minsititm was dclx•ndrnt t,n the / I-it tunrrntt a- I 27

r I lirm in irtrri:d 1,14,441. hut not nn the ciF+crinrcntal crmdrtion rrf thr tnhjcct vr anrrnil it the limc of analysis At hiRh I I A Icvcla, thc I I-A c-ntl.rtrturn af~I+nr.rthcJ rhit of .kp.N fat "I IfF. ROI F. OF 'I II1: III: AR 1 IN SIIO('K " flv Richard 1, IIrnR, M 1) , anJ I lcrminin Ramrrt, hl l). l.rurnaf nf the Anrrrnan AfrJna! .I r.nrratinn, paRcs fl)1 R71, Scptcnncer R, 1962. 'I hcse studics have indicated that oxygen lack leads to raprd dtphns- phnrylativn of hiyhcr energy phosphate compc.unds and 1t. Ibc suhscqucnt forn.aUon uf inorganic phosphcxus. In Ihe heart cnnrpletely deprived of nxy- 6rn, Rlyco Rcn aFso Jisapptars rapidly. Alteraliont in the carbohydrate inter- mediatcs tlirring myncardial annaia are also wcll defined. 1 he manifold and divcrse disturhancet in intcrmeciiary metaholism pnwfuced by anoxia cMrld well lead lu rkpression of myocardial contractility in shnck. It is also quite p.nsihle that the dcterioration (if mycxardial expuisive pr)wer cnntrihutes to the dcvelt+pn+ent of irreversihk circulatory failure. "OXII)A1I(/N R1Dl)(-IION IN FfEART MI/S(l.li ltll:ORlill('At. ANI) ( I.INI('At.(Y)NSII)I;RAI IONS." Ry S Gudhjarnas.m. F'h 1) , R(1. Ilayden, M 1) , V F--. WcnJt, M I) , T. 11 StcxA, M U and R. 1 Hing, M I)., F1<parlmenl r+f Medicine. Waync,Statc liniversily ('olleRe of Mcdicine, F)eUnit, Mich Cirrrduriun, Volume 26, pares 937-945, November 1962. llrc purpose of this rep.ut is tro pnint out that changcs in the r+xy(Ccn- reduction Irrdr.x I p.rtenlial (rf a ccrt:rm rcdt.x systcm in the hl.xxl Ixrluaing the hearl muscle rcllect altcratir+ns wrrhin heart ntuscle cells A review of clinical and expcrimcnlal finthngs by Ihesc authms anJ nthcrs illustrales the limited value rnl cilculali.rns tit the st:Hc trf ccllul:rr r.Ridilitm in hrart mutt'Ie (rom a comparison of the rcdox potemi.rl in artcri:d .nd c.u.m:uy vrrn hhwkl. F_flrrrts should I.e made to acc.+nqplish this R.ral by nurre srccncc :rntl relincd bicxlxrnical nuans Incurf~.rati..n .d lahrkd prccurarrs inltr suhtlratcs pres- ent in coronary vein bicxrtl may prove a useful subjrct for sludy. "CA'Ifi('llOt AMINE ('UNIIiNT OF: VARIOFIS OR(iANS IN F.X- PF:RIMI:NTA1. IIYF'FRl1iNSIUN." Ny A. Wegrnann, K. Kako, and R 1. Hing, Wayne State University ('r.llege of Medicine, 1)etrnit, Mich .Irnrrhan Journal of PhynrrhrRy. Vol. 2(/3, pages 61)7-6t)R, (ktoher 1962 Nephrogenic hypertensk.n in tk.Rs produced by a unilaterally placed Goidhl,lt clamp resullcd in diminished catcchr.lamine content in the thoracic aorta, bcoth kidneys, and in the spleen The catechrlamine content in heart, brain, and the adrenal glands rem:uncd unaffected. Neurogcnic hyfvcrtensitm, induced hy partial scction of butlcr ncrves, had no significanl ellrct on the calechtdamine content o( these organs. "1OFAl.('Al F ANI) MIIS('1T NU-IRITIVFi UI ())F) 1=I OW UIIRIN(i T(11)A(Y'O SMOKIN(i." Ily lay 1) ('trllman, M I) and Slanlcy l. lavetl, M I) , MatsachuseUs Mcrmorial Il-pit:ds, Flnst.rn, Mass 1'.nc rrdmRr .d the New FnRtnml ( nrdiuva.rtrldr SrrN rrrv. VrAuntc 7/1, p:rKrs 17 1Y. 1961 62. ( 1 I R (' rrantrc ( .r(Finan ) 1 hrrr it c ntlu tinP rvirirnre in Ihr few thr lrr. :rv:ulaF,lr in the ntrnccal litrr:.turr c-mrtninp rhe ctlcct rrf tuh:rrco .+n"kiny trn tkrlctal mntclc F.IrxKl 2 P I r1t.w In the use of a plethysmograph alone it is apparent that incrcaus in muscle hhMxd flow may be hidden or exaggerated by changes in skrn hhoxl flow; therefore, the ellect of lobaccu smoking has been investigaled by using the disappcarance rate of a radioactivy isolc+pe from skeletal muscle as . measure of its nutritive blood flow. VL Of a group of 17 normal subjecti, 14 showed an increase in skeletal muscle nutritive hlrxid flow as measured by the radioisotope disappearance rate during ciRarelte smoking despite small changes in total calf bl.Kxi flow and the usual decreases in skin temperature. The mechanism of such an increase is the unanswered question. These studies reveal its constancy and suggcst that inhalation is not a factor. Evidently an intact nervous supply to the limb is not nccessary since 3 of the 4 sympathectomized limbs showed an increased disappearance rale during smoking. Assuming that skin blood flow does not decreasc in sym- pathectam'ved limbs during cigarette amokins, it is not a simple shift uf bkxxl from the vasocanstricled skin to the muscle. "NORMAL ROENTGF:N(X;RAPIIIC ANATOMY OF 1111- IIUMAN C'IR('I.E OI' WILI.IS." By Robert A. Kuhn, M U., Department rif Neuro• surRery, New York Medical C'olkge, New York (ity. ./rnrruan l.nnnaf of R.wnrarnnloRy, Radium Therapy ond Nuclear Medicine, Vol R6, pages 104Q-IU49, tkcembcr 1961. In preparation for a study of the eRects of tobacco nn the cerchral cir- culation, it was important to establish the normal vascular pattern uf the human circle of Willis, the structural disRibutinn system which nsunilurs regional cerebral arterial flow. Fkvelopmenl of a technique of retrograde cercbral angiography to determine the flow patterns was accumpiishcd, in- volving the use of a 50% hypaque sotution. The technique avoids compietely pressure artifacts and arterial injury. ('kar visualization is obtained of components of the circle of Willis hy this nrelhrxl. The ohxrvalions indicate that the human circle of Willis is functionally a circk in name only. 1be independent an(erirtt and(x nterinr segments possess majcx differences in function. Internal camtid f1r~w nr.r- mally supplies the ipsilateral half of the anterior segmenl, hut abunl 50% of individuals possess the capacity to maintain adequate functiunal circu- lat<xy flow to Ivah hemispheres of the brain by way of one internal carr>tid artery. Posterior scgracnt circulation is characterized by bilateral dislrihuti.m of a relatively small volume of slowly moving arteriar hkxxl. I he brain strm and cerehellar areas are, therefure, usually isrdated frnm Ihc rapiJly nu.vin~ high volume stream{+crfusing the anterior segment. In the usual indivi.lual, if the inlernal caunid supply fails bilaterally there would appe:u to t.e little chance that hemispheral pcrfusion could be supported by way uf p.rsterurr segment ftow. "TIIE SPEFI) OF ('f?RFi11RA1. ('IR('l/l-ATlON " fly R.>hrrt A Kuhn, M[)., New Y.nk Mrdical ('rdleRe, I-h.wer and I-ifrh Avenuc (lr.tlrrr.rls, New Yrrrk ('ity Nrw l:nXl"nJ I~~ur+r.d (rf AfrJrrrnr, p:rl•rs .r,R-) r,v5 (ktobcr 4, 1962 2y

I In tirdcr to eslahlish a normal rate of cerebral hI(NMI circnlatinn. Icsfs were c't,ndutlcd in silt adults and one child by tetrngra(k hrachr:ll injectutn hcltlw Ihe riFht axdl>A and by high spced anRitrRraphy. Ihus hrttvttlrnR an n1,11,trlunity Inr stntly of brain circulatinn in a physruhgic sctlinK. 1 he average Ih(lraa-tn-th(xa: circulation lime in the at)nl1 is seven «c(,nds ( crchral Iransil usually is accclmplished within f(rur seconds 'f he vclncity (d hhNxl flow is quite high lhrou6h the antcrit+r segnient of the circlcs of Wdhs anA throuRh the nlerir,r and middk cerebral arlerics Flrain stem anti Iw,sleri(lr cerchtal irri6ation, by eonlrast, is sluggish Reasons f(rr these difiercnces are as yet unclear. Flow rates in children are more rapid than those in the adulf. Total cervical cerebral circuit may be complNed in as little as five or si seconds. Elemexlynamic facttxs are hclieved to he responsihk for Ihese higher veloci- ties 7}te capillary phax in adult and child is equal in duration - apprn><i- mately Iwu seconds. "n(-11ON 017 NI('OTINE: ON ('ORONARY VAS( I11 AR Rf SISI'- ANtT . IN INXiS" fly 1•hrytl F I catkrs and 1. P. I.a1R, Ikl,.rfthncnl of Pharmacnhrry, State l/niversily of Iowa Ctdkgc tit Medicinc, Iowa ('ity• Amrri(on Ir•urnaf rl/ l'hytir.LrRv. Vt,lnmr 2t)1, pages 62t-625, October 1962 (T I R('. grantee: 1~1nR) Nicotine adnrinistered intra brterially in adult mongrel dogs I,rtxluced an inctease in crntrnary va«ulnr r"r%lance as indicated by an rncrcase in cornnary fx•rlueit,n firessure It wa~ trrntluJctl thaf Ihia resulta Irnm synlpa- Ihctic ncrvrrua syvcm actuvily or rclc•.t.c• rrf tat(•thrd:lmincc Irnrll chrnnl:lllin tissuc (ian(ha fu f:rn/•htm hkr trru tnn't nrr .rl,l•.trcntlv invrrt.ttl Ihccnnlri(lrlt-frrrtr,•/lh• nrt- rr.Ir•rrn .r.tr-r•m.rry larln.urn prcccurt', W:" /nuca•t,1 ..rth rntr rrrl r.lnrrnr.tr.ru •n ,rl rur,rtrnc ur nurchincphrinc %mi synrl•.lthr trr nrr. .r..,r• I rrr. n/•,r, n rrl .e., ul.u ft•a.t ance was int'rca.cd by tht'tc .r)•rnt. .nrJ Irr• r Jurr . I lhr% nu I1 lu rnay trr nlay nnl I,c rclatcd ln Ihc rr+.ttrvt• rmrtrr•(a. ttir r ta td mt•rlrn(• lhc ullinlatc cRect tit mrr.l :utrrl.ll .ulnlnlr.trounn ti1 nrtrltrnct ctmlrary pl nunc (+revir,us rcPtals, is an rncrc.r.e in tnrrmary rt'~isl:mcc whith wtruld W exl.cctcJ ttl rc.ult in a dccrca.c in coronary hhroJ fluw. \ f oth.r Rrnnt(.r: (l S. Public Ileahh St•rvice. v11F Ifl)IiR(ifR SYNI)ROMli IN I11f: OR11_Nl." fly Vi.tt,r A Mc- Kusick and Will.nrf S Ilarric, I)cP:lrlrncnl tit McJicinc. Ihc lr,hn. Ihtflkins 1lnivcraity St'hrti,l ul Mcdicine :mrl Ih,.pital Ruffrlin of thr /trhrtt llrqr(ulf llucrunl, Vol 1011. paRes 241 1'/l, Ikcemhcr 1961 ( 1.1 R(' Rrantce: McKuci(k ) I I he IluctFcr syndrnntc oc't Iuaivc pcriphcr:rl va.cular tliwasc with Ihc cllnit:rl I,nturr dcacrthcd hy 11ucrIrt•r --- cxt'urs in rtlativcly hirh (re- qut•ncv in l:rlmn :,nd K(rrca :rnti Ilrr,h.,hty in nthcr f,:ut% rri the Oricnt. It alfctfa ilrnua cRCln.ivcly Ornet ts Itefnrc iS years nf a)•e in a rrlajt,rity td caa. Ihr ll.rntnts arc :dmrnt wuhnul cittcltlntn snntkcrc• u.ually hcavy .rnnkrr. I111• Ir1,1N'f elttt•Ill/tlC4 at wt•II tlt IIlC InW rRtrrrlltt/C\ ltc aflcrlcJ in a vl•nrlu:,n1 lur.l,r,rlrnn r,l t'or.r. Illrnnrhr,l,hkl•rtrt rKCUrc in •.r,mr c:rtrs nu,~ rrit rln•n w•rs Inund n•.rlnl rn rtlrntrlvrnl', tit nf Il.t' [lr:lc ml I• n.•n.rl .rrtr rr a A Irr rlur nt .rlfrrnryrnldnt IinJnl(• irl c:lt(•. wrlh lnwdve- I r I rurul td thc :unls was fK•rsislcnt'c :uld dil:datitru trl fh( nlfrru.,crrus artery wrth trclu.rnm ld Ihc radr:A :rnd or ulnar ar/ctics /Icc:tvtnl,rlly a ptd.c in a LcrhnatirlF hranth td thc inlcrns.cuus artery w:rs p:Jl..thlc :rt the wrist anrt cnrumunir:rur,ns Irttm the intcrn-,scuns arlery tn Ilrc uln:tr aftcry were itlen liftcd aflcritrF,raPhically in sumc In Ihc kFs a crrmparahlc fintling a fx•r- furalinR hranch td thc pcrrrneal atfcry communicalinK with Ihc fcrrnininal pnrlitrn (,f Ihc anlcri(,r tihial artery --- was uhscrveJ '1 hc dccl+ (c-ulural artery was tKclutlcd in Iwn patients. 2 In Krnca and lapan Ihe FloerXcr syndrume ex'cura Prethtminantly in farrncrs ar)d lalxlrcrs, pcrs(rns of luwesl .cK'i(x'ccsn(smic sl:rtn,% 3. (hhcr imPreasive epitkminhtRic fcalnres are expusurc antl tr:.urna, jend a low level tit dictary fat and prutcin consumption. 4 In a scrics tlf Iwenly-tigh1 cases two palicnis had ra-clusive Jiu:ne in Ihe diac artcriea with symplnms slarlinR at Ihe age of t) and 15 years :cnd pr,ssil.ly scttmrlary tit lrauma lu the hlw back and sacrum *1hcsc two taxs nlq+car It/ rcrfcacnt a cnndHitrn th.,tirxl Efom Ihe olhers. S. (n a majtrrity rr! Ihc cnscs :Nhcroscknnis, enchcdrsm unJ uc'cIusivc discase in the atata anti iliacs canntN :rccarnt for the pnrees. M(la t/l the cascc audred :rpl.car lu represenl a dislinct eateg(uy tit vascular drecasc which can legitimalcly he tcrmed ItucrRer's disease. 6. 1listotialhttlnRic study of amputated spccimcns Irrrm nine Knrcan males rcve:rlcJ n(+nspecific orFanizinR and recanalizin~, rK•clusitln 1n eight. In one chanFcs cttnsistcnl with suhacule angiilis were uli.crvcd. 7. Multil,le factors in the scries r/f cascs and perhaps even in imlivitlnal X ca.c may he reslw,nsihle lur fhe initiation and perpetuati(ln tit a pnK'css w ch is, within limifs, prnRressive. (Ab.r Rrnnrnrs: l/ S. Publie Ilcallh Servit'e and the Fi7ai Cttmp:tny, lapan "I llli UIII RG1-.R SYNI)ROMli IN l IIF. UNITIiI) SI A'1 IiS AR I VRII) IiRAI'IIII' (t11SI RVAIIONS, WIIII SPF('IA1- RI: .1+RI:N(T . 'll) INV(II VfMI'NI tlF *II11: III'1'F •R IiX•IRfiM1711?S ANI) 1111:. 1)1F- I I.RIiN I ln I ION I ROM A'1/11 RUti('I.E:RUSIS ANI) F•MIIUI ISM " Ily Vit'/ur MtKusick, Wi11:rrJ S Ilarris, OIc F Ullcccn cutd Rich:uJ M. (:(ntt)rnan, Ikp:ltlmt'nls tit Medicine and Radit,h+gy, 'Iht luhns Ilupkins (/niversily Srhtmd td Mcdreine and Ilospilal, Itallirnnrc. Md llullrrr+r ril r!v /(din.r llnplint ll.rcpunl. Vulume 110. paRes 14S•176, March 1962 Aurtngr•lnls, fcnloral arleri(,Rrams, and hrachial artcrirlrrarus were pcrGnrncd in twclve male patients wilh elinically typical Hn(•r(;cr syntlrt,rac lhc avcr:l)•c :ly.c tit nntct was 27 yt-ars (ranpe IS In 41) All wcrn cravy srnr,kt•rc, and ut mtrsl, remissi(m and relapce wcrr intim:rlely rcLucJ ar tcs satutn and re.unqNinn tit smrtkinR Sula'rfici:d I,hlel•itis had (rccurred in at (east frve (Nu. I, S, (l. 7 and 1//); hr.tt,luttrc matcnal suPprrrtinR the diayn(,.is uf Ilucrycr'. rh.c:r.c w,ri f,re.cnl in at Ir a.l tr,ur 1 Nt,. I, 1, 4:tnt1 G) :rnA will I,c tlra rrF,rrl rt.c•t.hwrr Nu rviJrntr r,r rw r In.rvc tttvca.r nl Itlr anrla anrf ir. I:u/•r I,r.rnt hr. .nl.tdy inlj Illt• rulrrtnrfrt•• w.r% dr.ttrvt'rcd Nr, cviJrntc tit :dhcrtr.tlrrt,.r. r,l nntr wnrthy prt.l>,nurmt w.lc d,.ctwt•rctl ll

I I)Ih rr Rrnnror: Natit+nal In,tilulcs of Ilcallh "(Y)RONARY VASOM(/lOR 1ONI1S Ifl A1111iROS( I FR(YIIC. tX1(iS." Ily ('ct•il F. ('rots and Rnlx•rt W. Ohlath, rkpartrncnl of Medical Rescatch, St. Jn.cph Ilnspilal, Ilurhank, ('alifurnia. .Imrrirun Irrurnal of 1'hvrir.h+RV. Vt+lume 2(12, paRcs h16-61R, April 1962. (1 I R('. Rrantee: 1)r. 1'. F. Salishury, t+f St. Jnul+h Ilnspital) An athcruKcnic reRirnen irnf+r+ud ufwn dt+gs resuttctl in several distinct ahnurrnalilies of Ihe ct+rt+nary circulalitm. 'Ihe stnrclure nf the curt+nary arlcrics was mcxlificd by cx/cnsivc aIltcnnnalous dcpt+t6ts 1)urinR cnntrul states before the adrninistratitm of v,sr+activc drugs, ct+rr+n;try Iluw Lcr unit of nel Prnpuldve force and heart wcirht was unvaricd or int rr;rxd '1 he ahility of Ilrc athrromahrus cortrn:rry Irce tu inctcase of dt'crl•:1sc its vuso- nttNtrr hmus was ntarkcdly tur/ai1cJ Ihc ahnt+rm;Jitics rcturJcJ wcrc pro- )a+rlit+nal with Ihc sevrrity uf the athcrrrFcnic rc'imcn. "I (K'AI.( IR(lI1.AllON IN I11 ARf MtIS('I 1:. Slltl)Ilil) WI111 Na" ('I I ARAN( 1 M1: 111O11" Hy 1'ttcr F. S:+li.hury, ('ccrl 1? ('rr+«. Rr+hcrt W( )hl.,lh. .ir+d I' Amlrr Rithrn, I lt l+:rrtn+t nl .•1 /\1rJrt .+l It,•ar.+rt h, CI 1„a.l,li 11 J J.•I It-r•LrJ 1'h ...•L•vv •',d I . • J„I,.ii, I r 7he disappcarance of radioactivity of Na7'('1, injected inlu the left ventricular walls of dugs, was studied. 'Ihc tate of Na t'Icaran(c /nnn indi- virlual dcpr+sits did not measure coronary flow in abw+lutc tertns; ht+wevcr, whcn, in the cuurse of a single ubservation, the Na clcarance sh+pc thanRed, this reflccted directional variatirxrs of coronary flow Incrcascd central coronary pressure did not always result in more rapid s.xlium clcarance from ischemic regions of heart nmusck. "Vr?N1R1('(JLAR PERFORMAN('E MODIFIED HY fa-AS1I(' 1'R(1P- I:R71[:S OF Otl ff•l-OW SY$I I:M." 8y Peter F. Salisbury, M I) , I'h 1) , Cecil F. C'russ, and P. Andre Riehen, B.S. Circulation Rrsrarr-h, Vulume 11. pages )19-32R, August 1962. Left venlricular and alrial pressures, left venlricular circunrfcrcncc and hroqitudinal meridinnal seRnxnt kngth, coronary nuw, antl cardiac t+syRcn cnnsumptian were measured in dogs under conditiuns which pcnmltrd in- 1enliunal variatitm nf the elasticity of the k/t vcnlricular uu111nw sy.trm, and cnmparisnn ul cardrac f.erfrumance dutinR slcady statcs in which hr;ut rale, tlrnke wtak, and strrrke vulunx were itkntucal hut the uutOt+w rla.lic aurale capacity was varied. When cje.tinR through a rigid syslem, the left venlricle grncratcd a larger fraclit+n (If the conlraetik lensirus under au,cott+nic t•nnthlitrrts, and kfl ventticular systolic pcak pressure was increased Ijecliuns tlutmRh riRiJ lul.cs pruc•ceded f'.om higher diastnlic ventricular prc.sures and largcr cx- tcrnal din.cnsitms. 'Ihe eRrxt t+f hearts whit•h ejected thruugh ril;id uutlh+w eur uits was aca+ciated with a reduced myocardi;J oRygcn crrnsumption. rb.r Rrnntnr: National Ileart Instilule. "CORONARY VASOMOTOR TONl/S IN MOI)f.RA'11: . IIYPO- '1111?RMIA." Ily Cecil E. ('ross, P. Andre Riehen and Peter 1-. Salishury, /(parhncnt of Medical Research, SI Joseph Flaspital, Ihrrhank. ('alifornia. Arnrrit'an luurnal.rl PhysinlnRy. Volume 201. pages 825 N2R, Nuvcrnhrr 1962. ('txona+y hhxxl flow was measured in mongrel daRs in open chest preparalNros with fiaed cardiac output and by-passed riRht heart Arterial oxyRen tensiun (/)Or), pll, and tempcrature were measureJ. 'Ihe slope of felfressnMl lines between mean coronary driving pressure (anrtic pressure minus Icf1 vcntricular pressure) and coronary flow indicated dircctitrnal changes of cnrnnary vasomntor k.nus. 1lurinR ~critx)s of bkxxl cooling in non-failing hcarts, the ctannary vessels dil;tlcd only when pOt was perntitled la rall, hul not when it renr.rincd s/ahle. In failing hearts, mrxkrate decreases of tbhMUl 1cnq+crumc and f+l tr t1iJ not cause hnthcr decrenxnls of coronary va,r+moh+r Innus 1 hc J.rl:+ indicalc that diminishrd pUr and nrN h+w hlrMKl terulr•ralruc wac dre tattta Ih;tl cautcd ctntmary vastklilalitm. I V. 1'a-rch.rl'h v.iuloRiral Srudi.'. "( ()NCIIIItIIUN ANI) SMt/KIN(i IN IIAI IAN AMI Itl( nN I A(' I(/ItY W(IItKI ItS" Ilv AllK- rl 1).rnu+n. Ik•I+.ulnu•m of I It+Jrnuwhq'v, I/:+tv;utl Stlr+,t•I of 1'nhhr 11cal,h, 11,104.11. M:+.a .Inrrrr„nr lorrrrr.d of 11 I hcac anrl nthcr artcrnt+pral+hic fmdings wcre strikinl;ly similar to thnse in Kracan pitrrnla with Iht• ItucrKrr syndrtauc (MtKu.itk cl iI , I(rdl. Irrlrns I1or6rrrr llrr+l+ I//v.2J2, I')(+1 ) It is ct+ntludcd thal the artcrit-Rr.+l+hic fcalures are sulficicnlly charac/rristic to rc)+rrscnl one mnrc argurncnl that IlucrRcr's diac;tse eltis/s as an entity dittincl frran nther hrnns ul artcrial discate Whelhcr thc disordcr is of esscnti;Jly inllanunak+ry narure• that is, a,rt anRiitit• is a prtthlem fot histologic study. `/C)thrr Rrnnror: National Inslitutes of lleallh "RUr?R(;FR'S 1)ISEASE: A bISTINCT ('I.INI('A1. ANI) PA1lIO- I.(XiI(' IiN 111Y " fly Victor A. McKusick, M f).. Willard S Ilartis, M 1) , (1k [i. Ottescn, M f)., Richard M Gtrodman• M.1)., William M Shclley, M f)., and Rnhc•rt 1). Ohwxlwell, M I)., Johns llupkins Flosriital and Schood (if Medicinc, (laltimnre, Md. Inurnal n( drr .Imrriran MrJital .lstrxiarirrn, paRcs 5 t2• July 7, 1962. Artcrir,Rral+hic and hislt+patht+h+Ric sludy of a Rnur `+ nf 22 f+alicnts in 1lahimurc pruvitkd cvukncc Ihat IlucrRcr's dnr.rsc is a rlistint•t rl6tical and Ir:t,huh+rit cntuv /'rectK•it.us athcrtnckrrnis antl sysleruic cr11tN1I15m can be extlurIctl na dLt••nt+.tic fx+%sihililit•s Althtrugh thc chanpes in Ihc vcsaels are infl:unm:utuy in ch;uactrr, it m:ry nul ft+lh+w that Iht•) rer,rrsrnt an anRiilis cr'nil+ar;rhk Itr pcurarrcrrtis 'I~c ctiuh+gic faclnrs and the pathr+Renclic nrcchanivna in Ilucrgcr's Jiaca c are ill undcrstrhal In Ktrrca ind Jal+.ur. whrrc llucrRrr's diarise is rcLuivcly mnrc cnm- mt+n than in the IlnitcJ Statca, cRPoaure tr+tiarnl+ctrhl and Luttihl)• lu Irauma secmcd Ir+Lc inni:rung f:ult+ra in thc yrronR ni:+lc suhjccls slutlrcJ, nearly all nf wht+m Irvt•d in (arrn vrllal•cs +nJ w,qkctl h+ng huurs in ricc l+atldit•s with h;u+ds and fcct in crd,l w:tl,•r In htuh Ihc oriental antl Italtunr+rc cases, ciRarcllr --mr+kmK %ct-rncd tn hc a I++rtcnl cxaccrb:dinR and IxrIK•tualing fac- t rn the Jiteatir

I 1'hc(ir ul .4nrlrrrrlnrlnxv, V(rlumc 20. pifct 67 04. M:rrtIr I'7Q Uct aucc of incuncialcnl an(I infr(vlucnt ref.ratc (d :lccoci.rurm rd trrh:rcc(+ snrrrking with h(Kly f(rrrt+, it was rlcti(ahlc trr tturly :rc hrmrrr)~( ucrwt a gruup hirrh+Rically and cuhurally - as p(+ctihlc, in this cacc 167 a(lutl ru:(Itt, agcrl 2// t'), wr+rkinR in :r cinglt• f:rchrry, all with ra(t•ntc hrrrn wrlhin 75 rnirrt of N:rldcc, Itnly; 151 were h(+rn in the I lnitcd Sl:rlcc ISrnrrnR ncccc 167 rnen, Ihc kaner inr6viJnalc smrrk(-d ti)tnrficantly nnnc than Ihc cl(rut .rr fat ( hul not muscular ) ont•s, I hc hrccrial (rK llicicnls rrf crrrrrl:)trr.n were hiFher when n(m-smnkcrc and lighl s(nnkcrc werc crmr- h:rrc(1 with heivy srn(rkcrs than when non smrrkcrc were crMnparcd with a11 snlr,kcrs. lhe attOc/alMns, thtwrgh siRnif(cant, were nnl p:rrticularly chrce, (rr cl(xc cntargh for individual prcdiclion, with hiarial crwllicicntc front O 25 to O )5. lhe asarciati(m was not due to different diels, since amnking and calrrric intake. total as well as percentages nf protein, carh.rhydr:He, t(rtal fat, saluratt•d fatly acids, and p(dyunsaturatcd fatry aci(Is were n(rt asan-, cialyd As rcf.rrrted by previous aulh(wt, terum chrrlcstcnd tcvclt wcrc aig- nificnntly hiRher in Ihe smolers ('(mlrary In /rrcvinus rclwrrrs, the sm(rken were nit Icse maaculine in phytiquc, nrr m(rre atlive, anJ c(nnumed no mnrre alcrrh(d Ilun nan-smokers. "SIUf)IFS ON FIC7URf: hRA1VINGS: A RfiVII:W OF 7IIE 1.11 FRA- 1 ( IR1: ( 1949 I959)." Dy I c(ma W Juncs, I'h 1) , and (':vnline il 1 h(nnas, M I) Jrrhnt Ilrqskina Ilnivcrcity Sch(wd (+f Mcdicinc, Ilaltnnrrrc, M:uyland. 7 hr l'(y( hrntr,( ()unrrrrlv S(qrrlrrnrnf V(rl 15, p;rKct 212 261 , 1'art 11, 1961 (1 I R (' Rrinlee' '1hrrm:(t) As part (,f a long lerrn study of prccurarat of hyl.crlentirm and coronary arlcry discatc, r(gure drawinRt have Lccn rrhlaincd from 179 Juhns 1lrrpkins nxdical stutknts in twelve cuicective clatccs 'Ihe present paper is a review nf the fiFure drawing literat(rre f(rr the purlxrtc of pruvirlinR a hrnad hack- grtrund f(rr a pnrjecled scrics of elurlict in regard to figure (IrawinRt, their scoring clietification and Iheir use in the apprais:il of personality in a poru- latinn (if healthy mcdical stu(knts on whom a wide variety of (rthcr data are available. In ftrrlhc(+ming arlicles, c(rmraris(rnt will be made fw Iwern the fiRure drawingc of sm(rkcrs and noncm(,kers, of suhjccts with arrd wilh(rut a parental hitl(ay of hypertcnsi(rn and, or c(rronary artery diccasc, with and without hyf.crch(rlcsleremi3, and with diflcrenl types nf f>,rly build l he review of the fiRute drawinR literature from (949 thnouKh 1959 indicates an enrandinR interest in the use of the I)raw-A-f'e(s(rn tecl, with increatinR emphacis on ils role ae a research 1(xrl. As yet there is no uni- versally accepted scoring prrK-edure, allhnuf'h ruany inveuiK:(Irrrs have de- viced their own sc(Hing elactificali(rn At least un( tnaj(a audy has dcm- onttratcrl that reliable scoring can Lc achieved and that st:rliclically signifi- einl t'(rrrt•lati(ms can he marlc ht•Iwcen acrucs fur ArawinKs and (rlhcr tctls scrrret such as Ih(rse of the Rortch:uh test Accrrrd(ngly, Ihe aulhras fKlieve thal Ihe 1)r:lw A 1'ersrrn Iest ntlcra Inrmric(• rrf tk•tr+minR a trnrldc, elfective, ptythrrlr,Ric.rl tcrr(•ninR tkvirc frrr Ihc fcrarm:rlilv al ~r.ri~:d nl nrrrnral suF,jrr tt "( ()41f'AklY)N l11 `M(lKl 1tC ANI/ N(1N %n/t/Kl 14% It 1111 111S I 'IR111111IIIN (11: A11O :(n(I Rh(1)1 Ill(N)I) (:ROtll'S•' Ily Ilcrnrte llir« hhrnn ('rnct-n, Johns Ilripkint lJniversily Sch(arl (d I lypicnc :rnd 1'uF+tic IIt-.(lltr, :mrl (':rr(rl(nt' Itcdcll Ihumac, Johns Ilnl+kinc Ilnivcr.ily tichrwd (uf Mr•rli( ine, nnltinunc, Md Jhdrrrnr.,f thr /(rhnt Nrrpl int 17,•(lr,rul. Vol 1 lo, pagcs 1 7. January 1962. 'Ihc rlittrihuriuns of the A11O and Rh hl(xwl gr(rups amrrng 11'IR hcallhy white and Negro men classified acc(+rding tu smtrkinR h:dr(Is wcre cx:(nrined Nn siRnific:(nt differences wete faund in any of Iltc c(rmparit(rns among the Ncgrn malcs. Am(•ng the while maks. there appeared to be a siFnificant deficiency of group 1; individuals anronR heavy cigarette smnkcrs and an excess of group 11 persrnrs among non-smakers anti urcasitmal smukcrs. Art excess of Rh negative in(livi(Inals was f(wnd in the while rt- easiun:J smoker group. The diRerences, while not markc(1. seem sutlicienl lu rranl furlhcr investigation of the relationchip between trnokinR habits d M(KKl groups, along with other pertinenl variables. Orh.r Rrnnr..r: I1 S Puhlic Ilealth Service. "1`SYC'lh)1 (N;I('A1., ('111:I1/RAt., ANl) IIf:AI:lll ('l1ARA('11•R- IS11('S (H' AGIN(: SMOKI:RS ANI) NUN-SM(1KFRS " Ily Fredc(ic1 Ii Whickin, M 1)., Andrew S bihner, 1'h [)., and Paul l. Rhudick, 1'h 1) , the Age ('enler of New FinRland, Inc.. Boslexr, Mass. 1(nnnuf n/ l:rrr,nadrrxy. Volume 17, pages 69-74. January 1962. ('1' I.R C. Rrantce Whiskin) IkmuRraphic, hcallh, psychological, and cultural charactcrislics of 4112 aged smukers and nnn-snNlkcrs were examined with yuetti(mnaire lech- niyucs.'Ihcre were IS) n,ak smokers and 21 mak non cmukcrs and 126 fc(nale smnkers and 1(12 femak n(m-smokers in the study gruup. None of thc hypotheses pertaining to health auitudcs of psychological factors was suhstantiated. Flowever, such dimensions as inh:(ling and allitude Inward srnnkinR among smokers seemed to be related to ccrtain pcycho- I(rgica) and health attitudes as well as to onset and cessali(m of the hahil. M(rst men started smoking before they were 25 ye:us (rld (R(/')f.), while only J5"• nf the wnmcn had started bv Ihcn; 42^/., tif Ihc n(rn hut (Mtly 29% (rf the women refxuted they inhakd; 52% of the mcn anrl 17^:, of tlre wumcn fclt r»(r(e relaxed while srnukinr; It/'"r of the nrcn and h':• of the wurnen fell sm(rkinR was beneficial, anti 29% of llre men n((tl 22"S• of Ihe wunrcn thought it harmful. Only ahrn(1 1S^h% of each Rrnup said they wanted t(r cut drrwn their snrokrng, and only une-Ihird of the men and wnmen believed Ihcy cunld dcfinilely sh+p snrnking if they so desircd. 'I he dimenei(rna of inhaling vctsus n(ro-inhaling Ien(Icd Irr tcp:rralc 1lhe sm(rkcrs intrr two grouhs which ah(rwed stalistically tiFnitic:ml d(Ilerences with resl•t•cl lu Ihc fulhrwinR chara( Icrislics: inhalcrc arc rnurc cun( erncd ahrrul tfu•ir h(•ulth, Icnrl In f.elieve /h:H tmrrking is h:rrurful 141 tlu•m, arc nrrl rcrt:rin thal thry cnuld atrhi arnnkinK, fccl kss rcLaac(1 whrlc cmrrlrny, cnurkc mnrc nrrn fillrr ciKarrllcc, snaoke nnne of Ihe cigarclle, and tl.utcd anwkinK at :rn canccr cnnyr:ucd 1(r the n(rn iohalcrs. Arurrnp trnrrArr..rnd nrrn cmnkrrc, cultur:O fart(vs w('rc of rmlrn(tanrr, Ir.ulirr(I:rrly rn rr latirrn trr Ir:ucr(r:rl :rtlinrdc Snurkt-rs rrr I-Ih .cact herl fathcr% who trurrkc rrn rc rdlcn 111.111 w:rc 111t' c:rte with nrrn cnrnAr rt Wurnrn r1, "' 1S rn 1 ,T~

I I smtrkcrs morc frequently indicated parental rrstriclions on srnrrking than wr,mcn who did not snrr.ke. An interrtting ohservalion whic'h is diflicult to evaluare it that mnst smtrkcrs diJ not rersrtl being influcnced by the puhlicizcJ f~ndings tff a re- latinnship luween smoking and cancer. lhis atlitode cecrns cuntradictory, hccautc sutne uf the retpontlents who so IcslxintkJ nonetheless admitted cnncern over health. 1 hic flndins may he influcncrJ by the fact that nlJer {xrrpk in general exhibit more health concern but do not nccestarily relate it to their smoking habits. V. Tobacco Cherr><eetry ond 1li.>,c.hpmestry "AFFINITY OF PC)LYCYCI.IC AROMATIC F1YDR(X'ARAONS FOR EI.F('TRONS WITFI TfIERMAI, F.NERGIFS: ITS POSSIRI.F? SIGNIF- I('AN('li IN ('AR('IN(K;FiNESIS." By Prof. 1. E. I oveltxk, National Institute for Medical Researrh, Lrmtlon, EinRland, and Prof A'l.latkis and /'rof. R S Ilecker, Fhpartment of ('hemislry, llniversity u( I luuston, l eaas. Norurr. February 10, 1962, paRes 540-541. (T.I.R.C. grantee: Recker) In pr_wious studies (l.tsvelt.ck, 19(>n-61) it was ftamJ that most classef of hydrocarbon had little or no alTinity for free electrons with thermal enerRics, allhouRh there were several eaceptions to this rule. 't his paper refxxts some preliminary ohscrvaliune on the ekctrtxs allinity of tctracyclic aromatic hydrocarhons, nnd ditcutces tlrc poscihle reLdionthip hetween electron aflinily and carcinogenic aclivi/y with these and other ct+mpounds. The retnlts of the e><prrirucnlt indicate Ih:rt amrma hydmcartwnt the class of prrlycyclic aromatic curuprundt is unusual in fxrtccsting mnny mcm- hcrs Mith a high affinily Atr /rrc clcctrnns. So far, mtrst etpcrimcntal work and theoretical conciderations of the ekctnrn Jictrihulitm in thrte cum- Iwrunds has been enncerned with their unJtruhted ability tu /unclitrn ns elcctron dunurs 'This fact has tentkd to overshadow the estenually amhiva- Icnt character of the polycyclic hydnrcartxms in eleclron transfer reactions. It was suggested in the previous studies that the tur<icity or biological activity of cornPt„mJs with high elcclron affinity was altrihutahlc Irt their ability tn fnrxtitm s ineversihk electron traPs, so that the nnrmal /ran+frr of elcctront during tr><idative phrnphnrylation was inrPaircJ "I he Ltrscihility that carcinrrgcnic activity is a special ctampk of this furm of toRic atiirrn is suPfarrteJ by recenl eRfxrirnenlal wtnk (Aflison, A. C. & 1.ighttrrwn, 1. W., Nrurnr IRV N92, 1961 ) 'Ihe notion that an ahi!ily tn extract elcctrons fnmr Ihcir n:rrm:tl path in a livinr, cell is a necctsary nnrkcul.rr fxrqicrly nf a major clats of chcmic•rl caninrrKent is tlxculative, but is relatively act-cssihte to earx rinrenl:tl veri- fication ur drnial. "I'O11NIIA1 MI?lllOI) I(1R 1111: 1)1.l1ItMINAl1ON O1 I:1I('- 'IFtON AI I INIIII SOF M/>I I( 1111 ti AI'I'l l('AI II/N Itl SOM1 Altltl\1A111 IIY111((H AIttl()Nti" Ily W I N't•nlwrnth .rnJ /t.rl/rh S Itr r Ar r, I h I.nlrncnt rr/ ( hcnu.lry, 1!nrvrttity r,l I lrntttun, I tt.rt /nurnrtl ul the .~rrr~rrr,rn 1!rirrrnnl C,nv/h'. urrl H./, trrt!c%4?h) •126h, Nnv 20.1962 1( I Onc of Ihc principal aims rd this invettiRatinn is Io ett.thlith Ihc fund.t ntental naturr of the clectmn capture by mtrleculea tK•crnrml; in a detrctnr used in ga, chnrmatoRraphy. '1he inlerPretalitrn is devclnlxd in Irrnn rd an eyuihhrium helwrcn the neutral mtrkcules and the electrons the rclatinn- ship between the cleclron capture crnllicit:nte and the ekctrrm allimlret of mrrlrculcc is ffrcecnlcJ. -Ihe teculls for a seriec of arofnatic hyJrocartNms arc ctrml.arcd to Ihc half wave reduction I+tdcntials. II certain atsumptitNts are nradr errnccrninR the ratio t>< the partition functions of the Raseous negative ion of Ihr mukcuk to the neutral Saeeuus mrdecuk. Iltc ckctrun allinily of the mnlccule can he estimated. 'Ihie has bern c:vricJ out fur anlhracene and other arumalie hydrocarl.ont, and the rrsults cumparc lav- orahly with recent Ihroretically calculated values. "STUf)IES ON 'f11E DIOSYNTHF:SIS OF TFIF: PYRII)INF RING Oh NI('()I'INF:." fly fht.mas (iriffilh, Kenneth P. Ilellman. and Richard tl. FFycrrum. Ikparlmenl of Ilinchenmistry, Michigan Stale l/nivetsily, Fast l.anvng HNxhrrniUrv, Vrdulne I, pages J)6-)R). March 1962 ( f I,R 1'. grantee: Hycrrum) Tuhacco planls were fed three ('"-IalxkJ suhstratec to autly their rule in the hitxynlhctis of the pyridine ring of nicotine. (7/yccrul. 2 ("1 %nJ atp:trlic aciJ-1-('t4 both contributed relatively large yuanlilicc uf radi~ractive eatFxm to the pyridine rinR, whereas Prupritsnate-l ('r• did not (7lyccrul- 2('" was innorptratcJ into the Pyridine ring It) about thc tarnr c>tlcnl as Rlycerol-I,1-( t, Partial Jcgradatiun nf the pyriJine rin of nicntine front Plants fcJ atp:utic aeid-l-('rr revealed that acPartic nciwas not ctrnverletl direclly Irr the ring. eince ('" was located in mtxe than a single I+tnilitrn irn the IinR lhe three IahclcJ compoundc all ctsnltihuleJ ('14 141 the pyrroliJine ring ul nic- ttline. 'I he patlcrn of labeling in the pyrroliJine ring suFRc.ICJ Ih:tt Pnqrri nnale was cunverteJ to acetate before utilization for nicotine hirnynthctic. "Sl'Nl1I1SIS UF PYRROI.11)INE RING OF NI('(YI'IN14 FROM SI: .V- FRAI. ('"-I.AIlF-1.1;I1 MEilAI4(1LIlIS OF NI('(11IANA RIIS11('r1." fly 1'ci-IlcinR l.in Wu, lhtsmac (:rillith, and Richard C ltycrtum, Kcrlrie ('hemical I.ahr+raa+ry. Michigan State University. Uast I ancinR /rnr.nol rr/ HirrlrrKirul ('hrnrirlry, Vnlumc 217, pages 8R7-R911, March I'7tr2. Acclate, pnprionale, glycerol, and ntpartalc were ulilifcJ hy Nrrnnnnn rrrrrir u frtr cynlhcsts of the pyrrnlidine ring of nicotine. Wht•n accl:tlc I(", was melrFNrlizcJ by Ihc planlc over a 7 Aay PCrnxl. 95^L• 411 Ihc ('" incurp rrralcJ irHtr nitrdhnc w:n IkrcateJ in Ihe Pyrru1rJure rinK and Ihre was cynally JivideJ betwecn positions 2 and 5. 'I he hrcation uf ('" in the pyrrulidine rinR aflci feeding I:rht led acrtalr, prnf,ri„nate. Rlycernl nr asp:utate for v:vyinR (reritxls u( tirnr w.tt ctm.iaenl with Ihe hypothesis lhat thece meratwditet were cunverlr.l f.y way rff Ply colytic and Ihr IfIcJ1Ixlityl/t- aCnl tytlr /o alPh:r krUrglut:u:rlc. Rhrl,rnt.tlr, anrl n tymrut•trical inrrrnrcrli:ttc, utlim.ucly lu yirld Ihe Iryrrnlrrlinr rmp, "Alll(1X11>All(1N l)1 NI('()fINl: 11 I'ROI)11(-I'S ANI) I'KOI'OS1 I) MI[('11ANISM." Ily V 1'.tul (;avin and RulK•rl II Lrnncll, 11(p:utnrr-nl nf 17