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ToaAcc;o IvDUSrnT Rzsrrncu Cownarrs.z C02ff'IDEIr'TLtiL REP'ORT Attend.ance Timothy V. Hartnett, Chair^..aa Paul H. Hs.hn ?. S. Royster Wi]liam S. Cutchins W. B. George Levis Gruber Sa=e1 C. Linton Joseph F. Cu11- 3rd Bovr-an Gray C. S. Stephaao J. B. Hutson L. A. Bantle 'lOBACCO Z.'~IDV5TR7 RESFARCH C0A?qTT=- ME.'L'TIhG DDCIIMER 10, 1959 John Vance Hevitt J. P. Richards Richard W. Larrov Carl G. Tho.^rson Jr. The Aaerica.n Tobacco Co=pany, Ir^c. Bright Belt Wa:ehouse Association Brovn & Willierson Tobacco Corp. Ie.rua & Brother Cc~xny, Inc. P. Lorillard CoWpazLy, Inc. Ma.-yla.nd Tobacco Growers Association Philip Morris, Inc. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co=^v Stephano Brothers, Inc. Tobacco Associates, Inc. United States Tobacco Ccrrpa.^;r Conboy, Eevitt, O'Brien & Bos-a..r...on The Tobacco Institute, Inc. Rill and Knowlton, Inc. A ~ oi n C. C. Little, Scientific Director Robert C. Hockett, Associate Scientific Director iJ. T. Hoyt, Ececutive Secretary 1. Mr. Hartnett opened the meeting and velcomed W. L. A. Bantle as a new nember, and acknowledged the ex officio attendance of 2Lr. J. P. Richards, President of The Tobacco Institute, Inc. 2. The fol.loving resolution rra-s passed by the Coa:aittee: VEEtFAS, in the passing of J. Whitney Peterson, his colleagues have lost a fine gentle- and true friend; And WFj_ ~E, the late J. Whitney Peterson vas a devoted and constructive force for the tobacco industry and for the business as,d social co=uai:y as a whole; THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 71, 1985 NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER IN GERS AND U( CASES. l /-O C T R 6351 TEEPM'ORE, be it resolved that the Tobacco Industr y Research Co-^ittee express its deepest and sincere syapat'~y, and that a copy of this Resolution be sent to his f=ily and former colleagues. beginning as one of its organizers; And WF.ERFAS, he served this Co-ittee faithfully and helpfully t7roa the CONF1DEt+TIAL' iNINNESOTA ~,n, ~~- TOBACCO LITIOATION CTR ~"`~ ~ lr1 t~,~ i ~ `°Y t~1

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 MON•DISSEMINATION ORDE1, 1N ROGERS AND DUKE ~. The Cr.air^.sn presented the budget for 1960, and advised that it had been approved by the Executive Corrittee as attached. (Attachment #1.) Be explained that the current contributions would be made on the basis of trsee- aixteentha of a cent per thousand cigarettes although this'may fall short of budget requirements in the coming year. T:e budget was adopted, and it was agreed that if three-sixteenths of a cent proved to be inadequate to defray expenses in 1960, the required aupplementary contribution would be made. 4. Grants and renewals awarded by the Scientific Advisory Board, in the a=u•nt of $298,567.43 since the last meeting, were approved, bringing the gr and total of gr ar.ts and renewals made since the inception of the Co=ittee to $2,998,740.67. :'his figure represents 126 initial g;ants and 122 renewals. Grantees have published papers on their work in 62 scientific journals since the inception of the prograa. Ztiro meetings of the Scientific Advisory Board have been held since J,.:ne, and two a•eetings of the Industry Tech.zical Coz*ittee. Scientific conferences have been held on cardiovascular diseases, ca.rcinogenesis & bioassay, and chronic & acute lung conditions. ~. The C'Le:r'--an advised those present of the public add_ esses of Doctors Eockett and Little since the last meeting. 6. Dr. Eockett su=ar •_zed the status of the research program, that vi2_1 be described in the 19~0 Annual Report of the Scientific Director to be published in January. 7. Dr. Little supple=ented his re.:arks on the research prog-:aa, which he had presented to the C2-.ai:--^n in July. (Attachment #2. ) • 2 - Be also discussed a letter which he is writing to Surgeon General Leroy E. Burney concerning t::e recent report by Dr. Burney in the Journal of the ~.ericzn Fedical Association. 8. Mr. Darrow presented a brief public relations report, noting that aost of the inportant activities had been reported in a special aezorar.dum to ae=5e.s during the year. (Attachment #3.) atts. (3) C T R G:35 2 CONFIDENTIALc MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION CTR_ HN 00394•7

~ TOBACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH COMMITTEE a o ~ r°- oL,, Expenditures and Estimated ~ Q ol Proposed 1959 Commitments Expenses Z m~&sientific Advisory Board 1960 Budget Budget To 9/30/59 Oct. to Dec. 1959 y LL! ~ ~ o~ Research Grants 500 000 * 593 573 Special Reserve for Contingency 3 000 - ~= Salaries & Administration 77 000 73 000 580 000 666 573 T. 1. R. C. Salaries & Administration 100 500 95 750 T. I. R. C. *General 45 000 45 100 Hill and Knowlton, Inc. Staff charYes and expenses 67 000 64 300 Fee 30 000 30 000 97 000 94 300 Contingencies 4 000 4 000 TOTA L 826 500 905 723 ..~~ .~. ~..® 398 430 195 143 - 15 000 z 55 232 17 768 ~ ~ ~ 453 662 227 911 C_ 9...1 68 184 25 000 Z2 370 (1) 21 000 C= '' ~ 41 263 14 000 22 500 7 500 63 763 21 500 - (2) 7 200 607 979 302 611 ~ ~~. * Includes $93, 573 carried forward from 1958 (1) Includes $14, 000 1959 Annual Report Scientific Director (2) Includes cost of Medimetric Survey <_ 0 2/11/59 ~ U x U w < zF°. 0.

ToB:cco Iwvsrns REsr.Anc;u Com== ATTACHMENT. :,, Z TyIS DOCUMENT SUBIECT 10 AUG. 2), 1W NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER 0-~.R.S AND UK CASES, STAT~.'';T BY Tw: SCL•.'~f:'g'IC DIRDCTOR I vould like to brir.g you up to date vith the planning of the Scientific Advisory Board and your scientific staff regarding avenues of research that nov appear to be most proaising,and to reemphasize our desire to get new ideas for research that can be considered. Considerable detail on this program was set forth in a nemorandum of July 16th, to Y±-. fiestnett, vhich most of you have seen so this vill attempt to su-.rize the thoughts expressed there and to add new developments since then. At the outset of our plarning, it vas most exciting for all of u.s to know that the Scientific Advisory Board could not only consider research proposals sLbaitted to us, but could actually seek and develop new ideas for research and then go out and find cualified nen to carry these out. T~-.is we have done from the start, even while recogaizing certain diS'ficulties inevitably faced in this type of effort. In the field of health research, I do not think it is too negative aa attitude to say t`o-= there'is probably more resea.rch money available today than there are really qualified research scie.^.tists, facilit:es and lines of research to uae that money effectively. even the best ideas for new aprroac^es, pe..-ticula:ly in cancer and "earr disease, require time and e!'_o:-t to g..t u:.aern-ay before one can hoFe for results. In one area of work -- that of tissue culture -- our first ste-n was to recruit young men on fellowships to train them because there si=pply vere not people available prepared to do the research needed. A large proportion of research projects supported by the :'IRC gra.nts resulted from eu_r;estions made to the Scientific Advisory Board, or developed out of discussions of the Board of work needing to be done. F*reouently, we had to go out and find scientists capable of undertaking the investigations desired and then encourage them to arp:y for grants to do the vork. So=etimes these ideas did not work out and those pro,4,ects were abandoned. More frequently, however, results have proved so promising that the vork has been continued or expanded. Thus, at all times ve have Yept our thinking and our progras>ring flexible and.vill continue to do so. We have also atterptea to maintain a balance betveen research vork that directly involves tobacco and its use and research work that bears on the areas of huma.n health problems with vhich tobacco use has been implicated for one reason or another. These are, of course, primarily cancer and various heart diseases. , ~IR 6'3T~~ CONFIDENTIAL. i4INN6SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C T R H N 0 03'91 4" ~~

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT 10 AUG. 20, 1985 N ON•DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ROGERS AND UKE CASES In research directly involving tobacco, we have developed projects to study effects of tobacco smoke and its constituents upon living organisms -- especially people vherS possible -- and also to learn more about the types of people who do and do not use tobacco and vt~r. In determining the direction of research on cancer and cardiovascular disease, we recognize tr.at the origin of each is extremely complex and is undoubtedly due to many causes. Both are due to changes in cells and tissues of living people. Both comWonly occur after a person has lived for a number of years, and sometimes after a great number of years. Thus, the multiple causes probably operate in different degrees, in different order and with different relative importance in different individuals. I have previously outlined the broad fields deserving of study in relation to these diseases. These are heredity, infection, nutrition, horaones, nervous strain or tension and environmental factors. We have initiated and supported research under these broad topics and shall recocend expansion of activity in these fields. In research saecifically involving tobacco, the work sponsored by the TTRC has opened up or advanced r.ary new concepts and tecr.nioues. We hope to continue to pioneer and will continue to be receptive to suggestions for new approaches. Last srring, we asked members of the T1RC to make suggestions ar.d received ffan`v thoughtful responses. All have been carefully studied. Sore were i.Wediately considered and are either now being unde.^,.a:cen or developed. As would be expected, some of the suggestions covered areas of resear ch already undertaken. Testinz of Substances for Biologic Activity One perplexing problem, not only in relation to tobacco but also to other environmental challenges, has been to find satisfactory ways of testing the biolo5ical activity of these substances, pa.-ticulaxly in terms of tumor induction. With all its values and importance, animal experimentation has its limitations. We are all aware of the over-interpretations that have been made on results of a.isal skin painting with tobacco smoke condensates. The cuestions of lur.g cancer and tobacco use involve hu-n lung tissues, not animal skins, and smoke from tobacco, not condensates made in the laboratory. For this reason ve*have considered important the work vith tissue culture -- the technic,ue of grovir.g human lung tissue outside the body. This field is so new that when TIRC be,gan support in the field, first efforts were devoted to helping train new workers. Much progress has now been made at Johns Hopkins, Nebraska and Texas. During the.past year, discovery of a synthetic medium in which tissue cultures can be grovn under close control has introduced a new improvement of basic iaportance. I az hopeful trst we can support this work so that TIRC can be amng the first to make use of this medium as it is developed and perfected. GTR r CONFIDGNTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION "' 2 CT- HN 003-950

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT T0 AUG. 10, M NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER jN ROGERS AND QUKE_ CASES. - 3 Meanwhile, we continue to explore other ways of testing the . activity of substances. The use of the single-celled anira.l, Pare.neciur, has been tried by Dr. Stephar.o and we have begun to support extended work vith this aniaal at the University of Indiaisa. In Texas we are supporting another method of assay that rsy prove effective. Work in South Carolina that looked promising at first has been abandoned because it vaa found that the tissues involved were so sensitive they responded not only to applied substances but also to the irritation of a plain cotton swab. I rsention this because it indicates the frustrations that often result. But it also shows the value of trying. Others have reported biologic activity resultir.3 from tobacco condensates in si:i].ar tissues. The TIRC-sponsored work shovs definitely that these responses are meaningleas, if they can be obtained merely by the a.ethod of application. Until fast, reliable and si.mple methods of assay are developed, testing of suspect substances vill rerain uncertain and unconvincing. Virus Studies in Relation to Abnor^.al Growth There is a whole spectrti= of opinion concerning the role of rirua in cancer, varying fren that of Stanley, a stror.g advocate of the virus theory, to that of Burnet, who hold.a the opposite view. In mice, both **-~-y car.cer and leuke.=ia have virus factors in their etiology. It is probable that new exploratory techr: oues s,ay reveal virus effects in other types of anir$l cancer. It is hoped that at least three l1neR of research can be further pursued in this area: (a) More studies vith filtered virus substances between different strains and ages of r.ice, using dif:erent types of cancer; (b) Close contact between those vcrking on tissue culture to that hu.an t:ssue can be exposed to carcinogens ar3 viruses and observed and studied; and (c) More work on exposure of anl-=is of different types to virus filtrates of human t-rs. Studies of Rur.an Populations -- Statistics Statistical studies, either in attacking tobacco or in its defense, are of a different order of scientific significance frca experi- mentation and direct observation. In this area, however, we have Initiated several studies relating to differences between smokers.aad non-amokers, some of which have already been published.to contribute to the understar.ding of the problem. We have under consideration or in progress other projects relating to the physical, emotior.al and psychological characteristics of smokers and non-smokers. Cons:derable attention is being given the iden of studying older (70-plus) people who have ar.oked steadily for aarLy years. Other ideas or projects include twin studies, already suggested as significant by Fisher in i.3land; the types of young people who take ::p anokir.g and why; and more work with easily studied "captive" populations, such as a.-ry officers, who can be followed over a period of years. CTR COT.`FIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION CTR HN 00r~y951

INIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT T0 AUG. 20, 1985 NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER 1!1 -MERS AND DUI(E CA$F's, The aass and diversity of evidence of differences between snokers• aad non-smokers continue to increase. A great lack in this field is the type of vell-trained esen priaAs•ily interested in this particular problen who can head up the development of a program in this field. We have had several aseetinss vith people expert in the general type of study who have advised us on procedures an0d projects. 4 Effects of Previous Infections Our recent conference on the subject of previous lung ailr.ents in relation to lung cancer vas considered quite productive. Although clinical studies are difficult and tiz:e-consv=ing, they are found practical arsi we zre considering extension and support of sone of these. There are increasing indications that many lung tunors originate in a.reas of the lung previously daraged by some earlier infection, or perhaps virus. Certain works with s.nitals, namely by Leuchtenberger, supports this theory and further exreri- mental work with exposure of azinal material is under consideration. In this, however, it is important that we control t1he genetic factor in anisals used and also assure adequate biological and statistical supervision. Other Problem Areas Being Considered A number of other projects, all related to the major problers, are under consideration or developnent by the Advisory Board at this tiWe. Amng these, I wi:.l mention only briefly: 1. Work on tobacco as a possible tranquilizing agent for smokers is continuing at Ann Arbor, N.ichigan. • 2. Efforts are underwny to orge.nize research on the e,'f ect of smoking on bacteria in the mouth and la_-ynx. Studies are needed on the relative effects of pipe, cigar ar4 cigarette tobacco smoke in experimental tests, to check differences reported in statistical stud.ies among the. various types of szaaknrs. 4. F1u•ther research is being conducted on trace metals in tobacco, to clear up recurring controversy in this field, •specially in regard to arsenic. 5. A start has been rade to see if a study of urban and rural cats and dogs can be made to study possible effects of air pollutants on these animals. 6. 1':uch progress r.as been mde in studying the effect of dietary deficiencies on the rate of tumors in aaimals. The theory of a nutritior.al factor is supported by reports t}at lung cancer occurs more often in lover socioeconomic brackets. A relationship to unbalanced diets appears to exist In the origin of mouth and tong•ae cancer. , C t R 6357 ON IDENTIAL: MINNESOTA - --- ____. - TOBACCO LITIGATION C~m R H~"~ 00 °,'~ 2 '

7. THIS DOCUMIXT SUBJECT Tp AU6, 20, 1.985 MON•DiSSEhI1NATI0N ORDER - 5 IN ROGERS AlID Dtl/(F GUS A conference at the University of California on "The Air We Breathe" is being supported by the TIBC as a new departure. The program is broad and inclusive, and interest in tobacco seens to be in balaace vith other subjects under consideration. 8. A syrsposium under the auspices of the Fev 7ork Acader-w of Sciences on the "Cardiovascula.• Effects of Nicotine and Smoking" has been the outcon.e of a nur.ber of conftrences conducted by the Board to explore this area. This should be an i=portant meeting, and vi11 feature a number of reseescY: vorkers who have been conducting vork under TIRC grants. S==ar I have not atte_.pted to go into great detail he_Ye, and so have necessarily glossed over =ch vork that is considered iaportant by the Scier.tific Advisory Board, as vell as others. I have instead atteW^pted to point ahead to the type of research on vhich there vi11 be esphasis in ;.'--e future. The groving acceptance of the vork sponsored by the Scienti!'ic Advisory Board leads us to believe that the research policy has proved scuni and constn:ctive. We have not indulged in arousing false hopes by tal:cing abcrot "crash" prca: a.s :.r.a` :ay seen sensational on the surface but are usually not productive of sound ar.d acceptable vork. Ge have tried to build.a sc~:= foundation of careful plaw.ing ar.d i=pn.-tia1, honest investigation. Five years ago the tobacco Industry was c?^.allenged to oeet cr.arges directed at its products. It met this challenge vith poise, d'_: :t;; and a constructive research oregram. It is now possible to expand reseL-c: opportunities t::at vill inspire scientists to do the kind of long-rar_;e Wcr:t recuired for proper analysis and prevention of the coaplex diseases v--'.:, vhich smokir.g has been i=plicated. ~ CTR CONFIDENTIAL: Iy1NNES01A TUbACCO LITIGATlON 6358 CTR HN owiqc.-:

RILL Ara KI`OwLTO~, INC. inib UUCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1585 NOH-DISSEMINATION ORDER IN GERS AND UKE CASES. AT'".ACR -,!_-tT ~ CONFIDm':?A:. PUBLIC RELATIONS REFORT " to the '• TOBACCO INDUSTRY RES£ARCH C02^.,IITTLM..'~ Thursday, December 10, 1959 .0 The latter half of 1959 sav little change in the basic public relations Froblems of the Tobacco Industry Research Co=ittee, although one or tvo events threater.ed to get the sane sort of sensational attentiorn that for^_erly gained nationvide public notice. Constant v3gila.^.ce is still necessary to achieve sone degree of balanced treat.:.er.t by the press vhen the sensation-seeking attackers o° tobacco are out for publicity. Continuing efforts to point out to the press the repetitive nature of aany public attacks agai:.st s=king have *aa some helpful results. In =at cases, it is necessary to anticipate, recognize a.^.d prepare to arsver the attacks vhether or not staterents are ultirately issued. Ce.._..ent fros T'`_tC for the press rezains an effective vay to meet anti-tobacco gsbl::ity ef:brts and e=phasizes the z;ultiple factors that should be co.^.sizere3. This, of course, is cocplemezted vith a continuing prcgTL of sur,:y:ng ir*orration to give editors and vriters a balanced perspective on ouestio:s of tobacco and health. A brief didcussion of so.:.e principal developr..ents of the latter half of 1959 follor+s : Report by Surgeon General B,=ney Published in the ;Iovember 28 issue of the Journal of the American Nedical Association, the article signed by the Surgeon General presented a selection o: p*.:t.,lished da`.,a about smoking as related to lung cancer. Anticipatir.g tne appearance of the Burney article and learning its contents in advance of publication, it vns possible to provide the press promptly vith statements from Dr. C. C.• Little, Atr. James P. Richards, president of '1'he Tobacco Irs titute, and others. Press stories used the tobacco industry co=ent in covering the Surgeon General's article. As a follouup, a co=,:ehensive letter vas sent by Dr. Little to Dr. Burney pointing cut rany discrepancies in the article and its conclusior.s. No reply has yet been received. C T R 6359 .CONPIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA _ ' TOBACCO LITIGATION CTR I I N 0 0 3 9'E, 4'

American Aeart Association "n» UOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AU%~~ • 2• 1585 NON • DISSEMINATION ORD IN AO-GE-65 AND UKE CASES, A statement, drawn by a subeoa.ittee on ir_oking and carrdiovascules dlsease, was discussed by the Board of Directors of the Aaerican Eeart Association on Saturday, Decer-ber 5• Although an industry state- ent was prepared in case of publicity on this proposed action, the directors' meetin6 tabled the staterent and no other action waa taken. Auerbach Presentation at American Medical Association Meeting Dr. Oscar Auerbach offered a paper on lung cell changes in amokers at the December AMA Clirical Meeting in Dallas. Publicity on his paper was handled by the Aaerican Cancer Society. A statenent by Dr. Eockett vas released siz:ultaneously in Dallas and 2iev York. Additional press contact vas carried on by representatives in both cities, including getting correction of an Associated Press story that had reported endcrse=ent of the Auerbach thesis by the A.M.A. Actions on Other Stories The American College of Chest Physicians in October adopted a statenent on lung cancer that said further research is'needed and no agent or agents can be singled out as a cause. This atatement was called to the attention of the press and vire services. Publication in July of a=ajor British report shoving "striking negative results" from anirals subjected to direct inaalation of tobacco s=cse was called to the attention of the U.S. press. Also, 'I': e Tobacco I:.st:tL-.e placed advertise---nts, reproducing a news story about this, in TiWe, Newsweek and U.S. nevs and World Report. Copies of a study published in England by Dr. Geoffrey Dean of South Africa, saying air pollu:ion seemed to be a doa.ir.a.zt influence in lunr_ cancer in South Atrica, were also distributed to writers in twis co•,urtry vi:h resultant press attention. The December 12 issue of the Journal of the A.:erican Medical Association ca.-r ied an editorial co=enting on Dr. Burney's article. There are not s ficient facts, the editorial said, to "warrant the assumption of an all-or-none authoritative position" regarding smoking as a causative factor in lung cancer. Wire services were encouraged to carry stories through coming from newspapers in va_rious parts of the country, and wide attention resulted. Tobacco and Health requests press To get reaction of doctors to Tobacco and Eealth, ncv put out by The Tobacco Institute, a postcard saapling of 5,OC0 doctcrs was co--pleted in September. A relatively high return of the cards showed that the respor.der.ts by about two to one felt that information in the publication is helpful, a::d they expressed a wish to continue to receive the publication. CONFIDENTIAL: MlNNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C . lsR E !N 003:..x~,tE3