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THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1$85 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. CONFIDFiTLtL .Rz.~ORT TOBACCO I2tDUSTRY RESF•r1RCH C0XXI:TTZ ?~T'~,G xaVEMBER 8, 1957 ' Attendance Timothy V. F'.artnett, Chai_-ran Paul M. Hahn Emtry M. Levis A+bert Clay Paul D. Goddard J. R. Hutson Jr. W. T. Reed Jr. Levis Gruber 0. Parker McComas E. A. Da.--r C. S. Stepha.no J. B. Hutson J. Whitney Peterson George tl. Whiteside Free:an J. Da.aiels John Vance Eevitt John W. Hill Richard W. Darrcv Carl G. ThoWpson Jr. C. C. Little, Scientific Director W. T. Boyt, Executive Secretarj The American Tobacco Co=pany, Inc. Brovn & Willia^son Tobacco Corp. Burley Auction Wesehouse Assn. Burley Stabilization Corp. The Irperial Tobacco Cosrpar:y, Ltd. Larus & Brother Co.-^pany, Inc. P. Lorillard Co--pany, Inc. Philip Morris, Inc. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Stephano Brothers, Inc. Tobacco Associates, Inc. United States Tobacco Co. Chadbourne, Pa_-ke, Whiteside & Wo? °: Perkins, Dar'els, McCor°ck & Coll:ns Conboy, Hevitt, O'Brien & Board=er. Hill and Knowlton, Inc. M n 1. Mr. 3artnett opened the zeetirg and welcowed W. J. R. Eutson Jr. of The Imperial Tobacco Compa:.y, Ltd., who was in attendance. Ee exFlained that The Imperial Tobacco Compas:y rad recently approached him with the tho-.tb} -. of havins its leaf-buying organization become a menber of TIRC. Since this had bee:: agreeable to the Executive Cor .ittee be asked for confir=8tion by the entire Co=ittee. The I.mperial Tobacco Ccap+sny, Ltd. was voted to aembership in 2. Mr. fiar':.nett asked for approval by the Committee of the folloving actions taken by the Executive Comsittee: a. The formation of a Tobacco Information Comm.ittee, vhich group would act as a subcoz:ittee to the TIRC in the sane manner as the Indust:y Technical Co=ittee, its co--position to be dravn from public relatio::s representatives in t'he cc-_Tar.ies and public relations cosnsel repre- senting the companies. ':'he formation of the Tobacco InSor-.lstion Co=tittee vas approved. C T R 6313 CONF1DENt1AL: MINNBBAtA I ToBACCO cIT10Ar1a1V C TC_ HN 003908

..,,.. vvv„n,.,., ~vww. Iu hUV, QI, 1485 NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER - ,. _ . . ~ " 2 b. The con2'ir-~ation of Dr. Little as Scientific Director to the TIRC on - an annual basis beginni:g with the calendar year 1958• This vas approved. c. The provision of a supplementary budget in the amount of $lOL,500.00 - during 1957 to cover the issuance of two issues of Tobacco and Heelth, expanded distribution of Dr. Little's Annual Report, the building of a new Exhibit for scientific meetings, a speakers' program, paperback books of "Science Looks at Smoking" for the use of Bill awd Knowlton, Inc., plus minor expenses in excess of the amount approved for the 1957 budget. Zhis was approved. d. The approval of an additional assessment of 1/16th of a cent per thousand tax-paid (dor-estic) cigarettes for the year 1957, based upon the fortaila for contributions made by the manufacturing cc=panies. This was necessary to cover the cash lag between contributions and budgeted arsounts. This was approved by the C=ittee. r ~. The grant awards made by the SA3 since the TIRC meeting of Ysy 9, 1957, were approved in the amount of $21+8,802.0b, mnking the grant approvals and renevals since the inception of the Co.=:ittee a grand total of $1,927,973.10. b. The Chairman made a resuWe of events since the last meeting of TIRC, and described the series of attacks which had been made upon tobacco from var:c::s sources. Re also outl:ned major forthcoming events which will have to be faced public relations-wise. These co=ents will be found in Attachre.^.t #1. ~. Dr. Little reported as Scier.tific Director on the research activities of the Cos:aittee with particular reference to progress on research pro3ects. See Attachaent I2. Dr. Little described the results of the Patbologic-Anatomic Study and, in doing so, advised the Coaittee of the paper being presented before the Naticral Acade.a0+ of Sciences by Dr. Wilson ar.3 Miss Mary x. Burke on 2Govember 20th, wh:ch paper is entirely fo-a.-ided on the statistical evaluations arising from the Pathologic-Anatomic Study. The Scientific Director explained the benefits which are being derived from vLriout conferences which have been cs.l.led by the SAB, and particularly referred to the cardiovascul.as conferences, the tissue culture conferences and the psychosomatic cor.ferer.ce. These meetings have brought together not only grantees of the TIRC but scientists of stature vbo are in a position to contrib•:tt to the sub5ect of the conferences. The results have been great and have prov:dec a greatly improved liaison between the scientists themselves, as well as between the scientists and the SAB. - Dr. Little advised the Co=ittee members that t~e SAB intended to continue these conferences during 1958, and that subco.r..ittees of the Board have been delegated for the purpose of arranging them. He explained in detail the efforts being made by the Scientific Director and Board members to expand contact wi:h many segments related to the sub6ect c: tobacco use and health. Among these are the Tobacco ~~nufacturers' Standing CONFIDENTIAL: idINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION CTR ! IN 003909

1HIS DOCUMENT SUd1ECl 10 AUG. 20, 1985 NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER _ IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASE,S, Coa:ttee, recent visitors •r= vhich have been Sir Charles Ellis and Sir Ronald Fia)•:er; Washington scientists, a=ong vhoa are Drs. Eurney, Tieller, Dorn ar.d others; the d.rug and allied industries; and scientific organizations and groups. . Dr. Little concluded by expressing the intention of attempting to standardize methods of assay, to soliclt additior.al advisers to the Board and to arrange, if possible, for outside scientists to undertake speaking engage=er.:s on the subject of tobacco use and health. 6. Mr. Da.-rov gave a report on public relations activities, vith paI-ticular' reference to the folloving: a. Tobacco =r.for--ation Co-ittee The Tobacco Infor~tion Co=ittee vas fo=ed from vhet vr.s fo r--erly the Public Relations Co=ittee of the TLRC. Members of ZZRC should noainate representatives on the Tobacco Inforsation Coaittee, and a chairR ar..d secretary should be desig- nated. It is planned to hold neetings of tho Co=ittee every tvo nonths, ard more frequently if necessary, for drscussion e.nd guids.nce on the public relations activities of the TLRC. One function of the Co=ittee viL be to act as the publishing group for the Tobacco and Health publication. b. Tobacco ani health The secont issue of the publication, Tobacco and Heelth, vill feature steries fYo- the 1957 Report of the Scientific Director. The first issue hai a print_ng of 350,000, the bulk of vhich vent to doctors e»•sd dentists. Reactions are t_st beginning to be received in increasing quantity, but as yet responses number less than fifty, of vhich nore than half are streight requests for the statements of scientists. Most of the rest are either r.:de or vulgar reactions Sros doctors or dentists. TSere have been several intel.ligently critical replies. c. Annual Report Zbe 1957 Annual Report of the Scientific Director is in the hands of the printer. As soon as galley proofs are given a final check, printing vill proceed. It is cuz-rently plar.ned not to atte=pt distribution to all doctors. Eovever, selected lists of doctors and scientists directly vorkine in the field of cancer and hea_-t research vill receive copies. This vill include the aembership of such organizations as the American Association , C T R 3'- CONFIDENTIAL: FdINNgS01'A TOBACCO LITIGATION CT„_, H„ , ,, 0,,.;. r..,} 1,..,

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ROGERS AND U! CASES, d. e. for Cancer Research, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, members and directors of the National Research Council, American Cancer Society, Sloan-Kettering Institute, state and territorial health officers, executives of state and county medical societies, deans of medical schools, as vell as full coverage of medical ar.d scientific Journals, press, magazines and radio. A press release vill be issued at the tine of publication, and stories from the Report vill be featured in the next issue of Tobacco and Eealth. Northrup Book Pirst interest in the fior-thrup book reached its peak during July and August, coinciding vi•.h the statement by the Surgeon General of the United States and t:ne congressional hearings. Ilds: Plana are progressing for a series of eight contemplated ads,averagir.g 125 lines each, as tentatively approved by the Executive C-,ittee. Coats and details are being ironed out at present. The suggestion has been made that T-rRC buy the r:ghts to the book; vhich has not been consIdered advisable. The concensus vas that the rs-~;,er should be explored further as it vas felt the ads vould be an exceller.t vay to get the true stc.ry across. It is hoped that the ads can be initiated shortly after the : ir st of the year. (Mr. Dar: ov shoved suggested copy and layout for such ads.) Scientific Reviev ar.d £di.orial Resea_-c3 The continuing reviev of scientific papers, both published and delivered a`t meetings, and of lay press reporrs on the subject of tobacce and health has proved par-:icui.e,rly valuable during this period. Several dozen scientific publications are received regularly and screened, in addition to adny times t:~'a number vhich are checked tvo or three tir.es monthly at the Nev York Acade.m,y of Medicine. Selected, pertinent articles are compiled once monthly into Current ri:est for distribution to a controlled list of scientists and interested lay people. :be screenir.g of lay and scientific literature is a corollary to the regular checking of programs of hundreds of scientific and medical meetings, at vhich papers =ay be given relating to tobacco use or to those areas of health or interest to the Tl-'~C research program. In ad.dition to iearning of possible nevs-making attacks on tobacco, this activity also frequently results in obtaining scientific papers of useful significance prior to their publication. These activities provide a basis for dealing vith everything frcm routine requests for 'infor~tion from scientists, ir.dividuals and from inforaa.tion media to the ac tions and st.ater~ents necessitated by aajor neva-ma.lcing events. C T R 6316 4 CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA ' TODACCO LITIGATION CTR HN 003911

THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 NON-DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. f. TV Fil"i Estisates are being made as to the feasibility of producing a 30-minute film relating to the scientific efforts of TIRC. Eati=ates are availa:le on product:on, prtnt and distribution costs. Explora- tions are nov being made as to *.he part:cipation of doctors and scientists interested in the tcbacco and health question. This v5ole subject vill be brought before the Executive Coatttee at the earliest possible date. 5 7. The budget, as indicated in Attac`=er.t 43, vas presented to the Coaittee. It vas dec:ded that funds for g-a:a be approved in the amount of $500,000 for the yess 1958, a"d that all other bLdgeting be left to the Executive Cor-mittee for final decision. atts. (3) C T R G317 CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION P, ,, fa R HN 0039 1 '22

ToB.cco IN-DUSTnr RLSE.IRCIII CouurnL ini.) UVI.UMLhI JUD1L0 lu hUU. [t1, 1985 NON•DISSEtdINATION G,:C,LK IN OGERS AND UKE CASES, CG.`:F'..D~~".AL AZTACH*rMrT #1 STATfMN!` B'I ME C3AI:•iMA2t NOPE2MBFlt 8, 1957 1. Resume of Events Since the last r.eeting of the TT~tC there have been a series of attacks on tobacco from various aources. 2^sese have been ve.-Y serious and have called for a great deal of ca_e and attention psblic relations-vise. Llue to the fact that we vere orgs.-•.ized and able to cope vith these outbursts, we have been able to coce through them as vell aa can be expectec. :n fact, in some instances, such as the hearings in Washington, the outcor.e of these events has even resulted in providing a better balance of opinion on the subject of tobacco and health thar, existed previously. Specifically, the folloving events occurred: a. The final report by Ha= ond & 4o^ on their statistical study was presented at the A>rerican Medical l.seociation meeting on June Dth. It is our u:Aerstanding that, a.i`..hcra.gh tais concludes the statistical vork, it viil subseo,uently be published in the Journal of the Aneri:an Medical Association. b. Tae Medical Research Council in Fna_lan.d issued a statement in June vhich was supplemented by a statenent by the Minister of Health condemning tobacco as being a major cause of lung cancer, and calling for an expar.ded progrs•m to advise the gublic of hazards of snoking. This Fsrogrs.m encompass•$ a=ki-:g local health authorities to in.forn the general public of the riEks of smokan6 and to utilize their education depa_rtments for t:,at pLL-pose. c. Early in July t::e Surgeon General issued a statement, largely based on the Joint Study Grc•p P.epo:t, advisir.g the public that "excessive" cigarette smoking is one of the cwasative factors of lung cancer. This vas isaediately challenged by Dr. Little, who referred to the comnlents of the SAS in its criticism of the Study Group Report, which said that the report had contributed nothing new but had d_-•avn conclus:ons based upon selected information. d. ME R.FADEt'S DIOES': had two articlei, one in July and one in August, entitled "Tze Facts Behind Filter '`ip Cigarettes." With the enormous circulation of THE F•FADE4'S X3£ST, these naturally had a very pronounced adverse effe=t. e. U. S. N£riS AR'D WORLD R."'P.`R:` car-ried an interviev vith Dr. John R. Heller, who supported the position of ',.he Surgeon General in vsrning the public about tae hazards of smok:ng. "his piece vas supplemented by giving Dr. Little's reply to the Surgeon General. CTR E31S CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LIT/GAT(ON CTR HN 003-913

iniz, UULUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER Att. #1 - 2 IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. f. In July, hearings were held by the Subcorcittee on Legal and Honttary Affairs as that Coamittee studied the Federal Trade Commission supervision of advertising practices. The Subcoa:ittee began its hearings with the subject of tobacco and health and had as its first vitnesses Drs. Wynder and xe-~ond. However, at the hearings were other witnesses who did not support the cigarette theory b•:t gave conaiderabie evidence to the fact that opinions i.ncriminating tobacco were not Justified. Principal aaong these vere Drs. Little, Macdonald, Greene and Rigdon. I• T'EE AT'.1.N:':C M.TMY, in its Cct•ober issue, carried an article by Dr. David R•ststein entitled ";.n Open :.etter to Dr. Clarence Cook Little This endeavored to •.aie Dr. :._ttle to task for his attitude that matters relating to tcbacco and health needed pore research before anv conclusions could be dravn, and s;:ggested that people should be adviseL' to stop smoking during the period that such research was being conducted. Dr. Little has been given equal space in the Decether issue. h_. The Anerice.n Cancer Society, at its annual meeting in Nev York City last veek, heard its retiring Presiient, Dr. David Wood, accuse tobacco of being a ca•_setive fac to.- in lung cancer. fie also expressed the feeling that it would be desirable for the Cancer Society to disccurage 3-oung people from smoking thsaagh a positive educational program. A reso_ition was proposed and approved, urging all pLblic health agencles to take such measures as r.ibtt be indicated by present knovledge on cigarettes and cancer. 2. Coaing Events b. a. American Cancer Soc:e•.y Workshop Con-'erence on Lung Cancer: Yesterday and today, at Virginia Eeach, the American Cancer Society is holding a series of reetl:.3s dasli:s with vnrious phases of lung cancer. Approximately 1C:, people are in attendance, a dozen of whom have been inv: ted from o,_tslde tk.e United States. The neabers of. our SA;, as such, have not been inv.ted; however Dr. Cattell, Dr. Kotin and Dr. Eo:kett are present at !~ae Conference. They vill be conversant vith the principal Ziscussions. Z: Is iz:possible to est:.aat•. exactly vnat jr.:blicity vill rcme froa these ceeting:- but, since they represent the fourta in a series of such meetings on lung cancer, the last one :aving been held at Princeton, experience indicates tr.at there vill be publicity So_-thcoa'-ng. Certain precautions have been taken with regard to the meeting vhich include a letter written by Dr. Hockett to Lr. Davies of thc Cancer Society concerni:.g the meeting, vh:ch v:ll serve as a matter of record. Dr. Little has likewise addressed Dr. Gov3-,r, who is chairr.An of the Workshop on Biological Testing. The Aierican R:blic «ealt4 Association is scheduled in Cleveland, Nove=cer 11-15. The prel-Winary program shows several papers w}:ich may be tro::blesome, princital among vnich Is one by Dr. Morton Levin entitled "Lpideziological and FYogram Zmplications of the Relation- ship between Snoking and Disease." C T R r, 319 CONFIDEI4TIAL: MMNNESOTA TOgACCO L1TlGAT10N _ ..~ ....... CTR HIN 003914

1985 NDN•DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ER AND UKE CASES. 2• Att. #1 c. Veterans A'^istration Study: Results tr= this are expected to d. e. be ra..'.e avnilatls at the International Cancer Congr ess to be held in Lond:,n in J::ly of 1958. We do expec•:, however, that there vill be an earlier release ccncerning the Study, probably in the spring of 1958, as a res:;l: of trial r,:.ns of atatistics vhich vill be asseaDled by that tse. The Aneri_an Cancer Societq pazphlet. "To Smoke Or Not To Smoke": This vill be distribu-.ed shortly +: roug.h its various chapters around the co=trf. We =deratand that this prmphlet, without directly advising people against smoking, has taken the position that persons should 3ecids vhe=.:.e.» or not to smoke in the light of information piallsSed by the Aaerican Cancer Society and in conjunction with advice t:on their faaily physicians. Various state efforts to use ed::_ational tecil_ties to advise youth of the hazard.a of saaking, aa a result of the Surgeon General's recent adv'.ce, can be exT.eeted. Public 3nfcrnstion Pclicy a. The TLqC vill centi=.e its infor=aon policy, as in the past, with statements being issued ty ;-osr Ghai2r-an and Dr. Little as the occasion dictates. b. The SAB has expresae'_ iteel_• as texling tl:at the tine has come when it can expar.d its a:tiv.t_es in raic::~g public utterances where positive iz`.'ormatir.n con:err.ing their work is available. This vo~d encom,pass acqusiz'_rg doctors e.r.d scient-sts with the work and ef:cr-s of the SAB, t:.e res•i'~s azd progress of research by TIRC grantees, ar.;4 some more speci'ic a~ -.nts or behalf of the Boa..-d in connection with scientific reports '.:_a:- deserve co=en+,.. An exaaple of this vas the statement by the Bcar 1 v_';_ regard to the Study Gr oup Report. c. The Totacco IrScrma+.ion Cc=:.tee viil permit the disseminatiorn of infcrs:at!on v;:ich does nc•t•; in an~r vay, relate to the :;,,RC or its SA=. The tirst vehicle Cf the T6~.acco InforT3tion Co~..':ttee was T'obacco aI: Health. Wh=n 1'oba:co as:3 Eei'_`h, as a publication, was first cozce:ved i•`, was p:.a::zel s,o laane •: 's doc,=ent for the TZtC as a compila•:ion of srltcted cc=D^&,s on the sutject. When the SAB was adv:sed of tais, two of its bezbers telt that the document presente3 a hazar3 tc `.:aeir mir,tenanze uf aa imp4rtial attitude as scientific advisers to •.he T:2.:. :>~ !ac t, they felt strongly enough that they raised r:e question vhe'.ner cr Lot to continue on the SAB. '"he torLdtaon of a..a To~ac=j 12.cr=dJ1on l.oIIm:tVCe has completely satisfied these scientists. : am happy to report to you that since the mailing of '.`':ba:ac tnd xealth to all doctors and dentists, the press and others, t:rre ::as :eeL no i=pugning of the scientific integr:ty cf the SP:3. ut- :ekl .hat :his instrumentality vill prove very •ae'ul in the ^j=-a.rr. CTR G3f2w 0 CONFID:,NTIF.L: ,,:,hNESOTA - TOBACCO LIT1GATlON 3 CTR HN 00 ,.~- ~ ~t

1985 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER 1N GER AND kM CJISES. Att. t1 - 4- k. TIRC Exhibit The Exhibit, photographs of vh.ich are at hand, has now been shown at the }6aine Medical Association meeting, Hed.ical Sobiety of Virginia meetir.g, and vill be shown at the meetings of the American Public Health Association, American Medical Association and the Azerican Association for the Advanceaent of Science. The Executive Secretary attended the last shoving of this two veeks ago in Washington and reports that it was vell received. A second Exhibit is to be prepared to cover instances where two meetings are held sasltaneously. When the Exhibit is shown, naterials related to the TIRC and its grantees are and viL' be u.de available. 5. "Science Looks at Snoking" This bock has proven to be most effective. Between the ha.-d-cover and paperba^k books, it has attained enorzous circulation and vas vell received at a tine vhen we needed it most, as it vas published 3ust prior to the hearings in Washlr.gton, receiving considerable press attention around that tine. 6. k.edinetr'_c Study of Doctors Since the last neeting, a copy of the latest Medimetric Study has been coWrleted and sent to you. We plan on having another c3eck of this panel nade in February of 1958. ~. i.'yader V+_sit by Drs. Cattell e.nd Bockett A visit was made to Dr. Wynde_-'s lzboratory by Drs. Cattell and Eockett, follovir.g vh_ch Dr. Eockett wrote Dr. Wynder a letter describing his objecticns concerning the visit and his criticism of certain of Dr. Wynder's techniques. 8. Annual P.epo:-t of the Scientific Director This document has now been co--pleted and is in the process of being printea. It is more complete and thorough than last year's Report, as might be expected, and incl•:des published papers by grantees of TIRC. It vill be distributed as quickly as possible. Q. Washington Liaison Both Dr. Hockett and Dr. Little are maintaining more intensified liaison with the National Institutes of Health, the Veterans Administration and other scientific groups in uashington. ?'ais is largely as a result of the nore clearly defir.ed attitude of the Surgeon Gtneral and the National Cancer Institute, as vell as the forthcoaing Veterans Ad-:nistration Study. , CTR 6321 CONFIDENTIAL: iv:INNESOTA TOBACCO LlT1GAT10N CTR HN 003St ~ ~

' Toaacco INnvsricr RESE.Rcu Commn7zE CoxFiDHN'T IA:, 1985 NON•DISSMtrF+IJUil un- IN BOGERS AND p 1~ CASES. ATTACL C-:7T 42 STATEXMT BY M SCI~'Tr'ZC DIR-~TUR ROVFaMER 8, 1957 With a particular viev to reportir.g high points in the recent findi^.gs of grantees, : an submitting a series of brief paragraphs outlining some of these vhich seem to me especially significant. Some iteas are taken from •:ery recent reports not yet distributed to the members of the Scientific Advisorl Board. 1. B. L. Freedlanoler and F. F. French, Mount Zion Hospital, San Francisco, California. (#12) Main interest has been in the possible carcinogenic or cocarcinoge'c action of tobacco nitrogen bases, their oxidation and pyrolysis products. These vorke.Ts have shovn that injection of finely divided carbon particles into the blood strear vill produce an increased number of lung turss in Strain A mice (about double). T:hey found cons=derable quant=ties of cerbo.n pe.rticles trapped in the lung. w'hen the neutral fraction of a cigarette s-o{e condensate was adsorbed on such carbon before injection, there were not quite so rany tumars as were produced by the carbon alone. (Difference not signi:icant.; They have also four' that a n_acin-deficient diet in Strain A mice seem.s to :ncr ease the n=-ber of spontaneous lung ader.omas, r obably siti '.- ficently. Feedir.g 3-pyridyl ethyl ketone, a nicotine derivative found in s=o*Ve and thought by Wooley to be a nSacin awtagonist, did not increase the n•,:::cer o° a.denoTas. Wnen given to niacin-deficient anias.ls of this str ain, it act•.:ally seemed to decrease the number of adenc-ras that vould have been expected as :° it vere being converted into niacin. Giving urethane along v+th niacin deficiency had a marked effect in Increasing the average nuaber of lung tumors per mouse. Again the addition of 3-pyridyl ethyl ketone seemed partially to correct the niacin deficiency. Earlier exper:ments by these workers have shown no cocarcinogenic effect of any tobacco nitrogen base studied, on (1) spontaneous pulWor.ary adenomas in Strain A mice, (2) on urethane-induced pulmonary adenosas in Strain A mice, (3) on X-ray ir.duced ly=phomas in C57 black mice, or (b) on ultra-violet light-induced skin tumors in Swiss mice. This work see:s to s:e to emphasize the possibility that even hursn lung cancer msy be induced by agents approaching the lung through the blood stream, rather than through air inhalation. (bhirphy has previously sho•.rn that carcinogens applied on the skin short of skin-tumor production may increase the incidence of lung t:n:ors.) It also emphasizes the possible role of vitanin deficiency in carcinogenesis and shows the complete inactivity of cigarette scoke neutral fraction by a new method. C T R CONFIDENTIAL: iyINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATIGN 63?`? C T R t"t N 0 0 3 9 1 Ity