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Council for Tobacco Research

Some Information About... The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. ...and Its Research Program [Informs About the Purpose and Function of Organization's Research Program]

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Length: 8 pages
CTRMN003358-CTRMN003365
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Depository Date
25 Sep 1995
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Ctrmn00000667-6967

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Yeaman, A., Ctr
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118
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PAMPHLET
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003
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wnq30a00

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IL Some lnformatlon about . . . The COUNCIL For ' TOBACCO RESEARCH-U.S.A., Inc. ... and Its research program I CTR.1334 ~`X TR VIN ~`~033v=.+8
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Fr.quently, questlona are aaked as to the purpose and functlon of The Council for Tobacco Rsearch - U.SA, Inc. This booklet is intended to pive brief arr ew.ra to such questions. We hope It will provide helpful Infornutlon to rnedl- cal peopte, sciafltlab and others about tM tWpe and extent of The Councll'a r*aearch proflfam. We wNcome Inqulfisa from anyone who wishes mors d.tiil.d irtfortsuhon about The CounctL The same invi- tation is extended to invsttipatora who may have Ideaa for speciflc rsaaarch-proJec4a. Addison Yearnan CAtirman and Pnslderrt 8CIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD to The Council for Tobacco R...arch tric. aHELDON C. 6OMhtERS, M.D.. Chairman Director o/ Laboratoriaa, t.enoz Hill Hospital G/n/ea/ Profrtasor ol PatAolopy Co11.o" of Phytlclana l Surgeons of Ctslumbia UnMraFty Ntw ir'ork, 4i„w York RiCfUTAD M. BING, M.D. Dlrtotor of Card/oiopy and /ntramural MadJCin. Prohss~otr ol wMemorial ~dk ~P~I' Pasad.na. Callfomia U4f"rsity of SoutMm Callbmla School of Medicine Los Anp.Iea.. CaJNornia JOSEPH D. FEWMAN, M.D. Head. D.IUrtrMnt of Immurqpa tlwloqy 8cr(ppa C1In1c and R"sarch Foundatson La Jot4t. CalNornia WILLIAM U. CiARDNER, Ph.D. • SciMtt/ic Director Th. t".owwAll br Tobacw Research - U.SA. Inc. E. K Hun! ProNsaor of Anatomy (.m.rftvtr) Yale Unlwralty School of Medicine New Hawn, Connect4cut ROBERT J. HU£BNER. M.D. Chl.l, Immtxwpr.wntion Branch haboral be4"eada.antnsUtut. Mvyl LEON O. JACOBSON. MA. Dlrrttor, The Franklin hkLean t.brnorid Rrs.arch Instttut. A.pensrNn Prot.aaor of B+oJOpkal Sciancs Untverstty of Chiuqo Chicaqo, nnnota HENRY T. LYNCH. M.D. Prolossor and CAairman Dfpartun.nt of Pt,.v.rttr„e Modicina and Pubtk Fi.attn Cr.iphton Unrveraity School of t.{odkin. OnsaAa. Nebr~ HAlZS LtEtER. D.V.M_ Dr. A1Nd. Vet, M.RS.H. St4ior Star/ Sci.ntlst The Jackson Laboratory Bu Harbor. Maha LEE W. WATTENBERG. M.D. Prohsaor of Pttholoyy D*par[rt»rK of Laborstory M.dlcin. and PatAobqy UrttvOrsity of hltnn.sota Wdlcal Sc.hoo! i11ftre,11,9yWis. LiMY14601a JOHN P. WYATT, f,t.D. Dfrector Tobaceo and FNafth Rsearch Inaututs UnFwrsity of Kentucky I Lsxlr+O+An. K.ntucky fioiMatie stsfr e/ TA. covfctl Sc>wnqfk Dlr.ctor: WHliam U. Gardrwr. Ph_D. For turtMr irtbrmation, or for addtrional copW of Mb book- R...arrn p;r.ctor. Roben C. Hock.n. Ph.D. 1a, pNas* wrtte: Aaaociat. Research Dirncton: Donald H. Ford. Ph.D. The Covncll for Tobacco ftesaarch - U.SA. Inc. Vincent F. Llsanti. D.M.D. 110 East 59tt, Str..t David Stone, Ph.D. Naw York. N.w York 10022 CTR.1335 • t=C ~
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I Orgwdut{on .nd Rritbdpi" The Councll for Tobacco Research - USA, Inc. Is the sponsoring aqency of a proqram of research into tobacco uae and tseatthL tt is ttn outgrowth of an orpaniratlon fortned earty In 1954 by reprs- aecttctlv.a of tobacco etianutaciurers, growers and vlanthousenmm Reeetrcfi svpport has bs+en mainly through a proflram of arants-in-aid suppl.mented by contractt for ireeearch wtth inttltutione and taborato- r4s, The Council does not Itseli operate any ressarch facility. Grartts-Wn-ald for research are made by The Council to k4ependent sd*ntista who are astuned complete sc{ecttMc treedom In conducting tMir research. Grant- 0es a/one are rasponsible for n.portinp or publishing ifie(r tlndinQt in the accepted- aclentiflc manner - ttuo~ eaedical and scisntific }ounnais and societies. The thrust and philosophy of The Counctt'a ap- Proaeh to ttve smokinQ-heatth controveray is perriaps beet surrwned up In this paragraph trom the 11i69-70 AnnwJ Report of the Scien2ic Director. "tt nunains clear tiW the comptextty of the ori- gin of ttw dlfteneont cancers, cardiovaecular dis- *ases and chronic respiralory diseasea bs very Qrsat and etill pttie understood. iience, as hereto- fors, The Couu+cuTa empa'usie la stlll upon the eti- obQy or pat>,operksh of thrse dbsasas, since any possible effec.ts of tobacco use can be inter- preted ony In this contazt." The Sci.rttMc Adrt<.ory Board A Sc4ntMc Advisory Board to The Council was en- itated In the first year of operation and currmtty con- 3 / CTR.1336 C'f R rrjfq (~ ()O3b%j
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sists of 10 phyelcians and scientists In the fields of medicine, cancer research and education. The mem- bers are Independent of the tobacco 4ndustry; they retain their affiliations with their respective instituUons, The Board meets regularly to discuss and review apptications submitted by Independent investipaton for prants-in-ald and, using scientific merit and rule- vance as the sole crttaria, decides those to be ap- proved. Since the Board's orpanization, its members have made a practice of consulting with various medical and scientific proups and IndMiduals, seeking and ex- changing information on mutual problems Imrotved in advancinp health mearch on a variety of fronts. The Board also ssarches for scientists who are quallfted and who are Interested In rtsearch In apecHic arm that are oonaidered lmportant. In trying to help find deftnitive answers to the ques- tions at have been raised concerning smoking and health, the Advisoty Board has recognized that eflec- tive work has been, and Is being, done in many fields in which it is interested. The Board has sought to avoid duplicating research that has produced accepted re- sults, e.g., as in the field of tobacco or tobacco smoke composition. However, where only statistical data or inconciusive results have been obtained, or where little or no new knowfedfle is available, the Board attempts to stimulate careful, well-planned research. An Extensiw Proqttrn The Council's program Is believed to be the tarpest and most extensive of its kind in the world. Since 1954, grants and contracts have been approvcd totaling more ttun i49,DD0,000 (as of June 30, 1fl78). These funds were for 635 oripinaJ prants and con- tracts and many more renewals. Grants have been awarded to 379 inver.i9ators in 244 medical schools, hospitals and research Institutions. Grant recipients have pubiished (as of June 30, 1978) 1,549 papers In the literature on their work sup- ported in whole or in part by The Council for Tobacco Research. A. Conferenc*s Spottsond Through the years, the research program has helped support truJor meetinQs on such topics as "Gardiovas- cutar Effects of Nicotine and Smoking," "Man and His Emironment: The Air We Br,aatfse," 'The Epidemioioyy and EUotoQy of Human Bladder Cancer," statistical research, and twin atudtes. Sponson of these meetlnps inctuded the Unhreratty of California School of Medi- cine, Now York Academy of Sctenca, the Cancer Re- search Instftute of Descors"s Hospitat, Boston, Boston University School of Medicine, and the intenlational Statistical Instkute. Additionatfy, then has been sponsorship of a num- ber of Informai coMerences of acientists working in various arssa. These sessFona have been pr{marily to review the status of present krwwtedpe, to exchange Informadon and Ideas, and to discuss problems most In need of study. Subjects of some of these con:tarenct3 tnciude: PattioloQy of the human lung ... Tissue cutture ... Cardiovascular research ... Lung pr-ystolo9Y ... Bio- assay and cuminopen4sia ... Chronic ttuV disease . . . Psyctiophysiotoqy rssearch ... V11ruses and can- cer . . Atherosclerosis ... Cell differentiatlon . . . Techniquos for exposure of experimentat animals to cigarette smoke inhalation ... Coronary thrombosis and infarctbn ... t;,onstttut'sonal factors as related to disease ... Oral cavity research ... Allergic and immunofoqical aapects of amokinfl .. . Pulmonary de- ferise mechantsms ... Lunq proteases and Inhibitors. Sortm SIQMffcant Research Ars:s Throuqh the years, The Council has supported many projects considered of significance in various afeas. Fi•ere, briefty, are some examples: Dsvetopment of criteria, equipment and tech- "uea for animai inhalation studies that are ap- plicable to tobacco smoke and other substances as well. ...One of the first Integrated studies to describe and compare the histopathology of human lungs collected at random in a dozen separated peo- oaphicat artas. 5 4 I CrR: 1337 =~Mo A.
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A patftoloqlc-anatomic study of human arteries recovered from accident victims to acquire and validate various data about the subJects' char- acteristica, environments and habita. A long-term, prospective study (of medical stu- dents) to delineate the precursors of hyperten- slon and coronary disease. ... SUmulatJon and support of work in the Important field of animal and human tissue culture. ... Research deallnq with the response of the pe- ripheral vascular system to nicotine. The inftuence of smoking on gastrointestinal func- tion, particularly in regard to peptic ulcer. ... Devetopment of criteria, techniques and equip- ment for bioassay of tobacco smoke condensates of value to InvesUpators studying carcinoflenesis. Research Into nicotine metabollsm. ... Work lnvolvinq the varying and differing charac- teristics of people - genetic, psychological and physiological - and the bearing such dltferences may have on disease incidence. ... ExpioratJon of computer methods for multifac- torial analysis of complex data collections in the hope of establishing better methods for deriving valid conclusions. ... Support leading to the publication in 1961 of an 800-page monoqraph, "Tohacco. Experimental and Clinical Studies," by three scientists at the faedical College of V'irginia_ This valuable book was based on more than 6,000 articles published in about 1,200 journals. Three supplements cover- inq thousands of additional articles have been published under continuing support Research leading to the development of instru- mentation and diagnostic methods of value in measuring heart muscle efficiency. Support of major work in the cardiopulmonary area, includnp such fields as the transmission of oxyrQen through the blood and pulmonary involve- ment in cardiac function. Studies of human and animal oral tissues as well as of liver damage as related to oral cavity car- cinopenesis. 6 ... Investigations of chronic lung dtseases - emphy- sema, bronchitis, athma, etc. - on a tong-term clinical basis with repetitive assessment of nu- merous functional, blochemical, bactertolo9iul, and otfw factors. A microscope study of ffie bronchial eplthelia of 600 appar,wttty "heatthy" adults, bottt smoken and naumokers, who died suddenly and unex- pect.dly. AII had lived and worked in an urban area noted for tts air pollution and had no known disease history. ... f:pidemlo{oqical studies of twin populations in this country, Sweden and Flnland to {sam how behavbral, genetic and environmental factors are related to morbidity and mortality. ... Reesarch on smoking In regard to fetal 9rowtti and other aspecbt of preflnancy. ... IrrvesU4ations Into viral carctno9eneais. ... Studies to determine wtwther certain enzyme sya- tems may be penetically related to,suscspttbility to lung cancer and emphysema. Pollcy on Grants The Councii welcomes proposals from qualified re- search groups or individuals for specific research proj- ects. Each applicant and prospective recipient of a grant r.carves a statement of policy ttut says in part The Council "deaires to have scientists work with the pra.ateat freedom and wittwut domination of any kind. It will make no attempt to direct tt~e administration of the project once started, to influence it.s course or to control its results other than to be assured that the funds are property expended for the purposes of the grant and that all findings are reported in accordance wtth the best scientlfic practice." All research proposals are reviewed by the staff of The Council and submitted to each member of the ScientHlc AdWsory Board for study and eomment When Indicated, personal communications or visits are made with the applicant In order to ctarify or expand his or her proposal.
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I Each proposal la measured against these criteria: 1. Ia the proposal relevant to the scope of the pro- pram? 2 la it made by an Individual or orQanization quali- fied to perform the work? 3. Will It contribute to knowledpe of the subject? 4. Does It promise raulta not already contemplated from other research projects? 5. Can It be of value as a check against work al- ready being carried out? The Board disctuses and reviews all research proo- posats at regular rnrelinfls and recommends those that are to be funde -he Council. Grantees are expt -o furnish a serntannual prop- resa rep--t of acttvl -at includea detaib of find- ings. A corr.olete repo ..ctivitiea, which includes ac- counting fo• funds anc -•sila of flndinga, Is required at the conclusion of the project. This Rnal report may consist in part of manuscripts prepared for publication. Exchange of Information and Publication With the consent of grant recipients, an exchange of information may be recommended between investi- gators working on different projects. Such axdunfles may take the form of ocusional informal conferences of Srantees and setected fluest scientists for discus- sion of particular t,opics. The Councll believes that the iniiial presentation of researcfl rsautts by grantees should be made only in accepted medical and scientific joumals or before ac- cepted medical or scientific or4anizations. It has no objection to dissemination to the public in these ways of any or all final conclusions of the investigators. Annual Report Each year an Annual Report is iasued that lists grant recipients and tttles of their projects, and contains abstracts of papers published by scientists who have acknrowledQed support of their work, in whole or In part, by The f;,ouncil. 8 tNt;TrrunoNS ttoR ' aaAxrs AND cofrrRAcra Followinq Is a Ikst of hstltutiorq of Invstbstors who have reuiv.d awards from The Council or wners con- tract res.arch has been performed. Names of some In- <t~ttOrts may h.v" chanp.d alnoe tM work was done. tn .orn. oaass oranL.ef may have moved to oth.r Instl- tutions, • T*. Ao. C.wr M N.w apt.wd, lMe., aeMa, A1Mny M.ekd Ci1M" M UNen thw.esfry. AAap. N. V. we.rt aka.a o.wq. M w" p..r Y.w.. uN..nny, T1» sftna- N. Y. aw.n a086WA wsoa c..,..r. P„a.,.arw an awr• hee.reu, w..r.e.n, N. d. aeySor uwfwrNty CMbq N 64d~Urr, Y1eut»n aW6mUr Ce1M", (.w4MIM ale M..arcn c.wwMna. tnc.., c~.v.M•••. at.-11...amh Iostlan.. Iwc, C...wr1.p.. 4aec aMiM1.r/ NMplW. COO.MAspoti p0rrr.art aOtton Gy hMM". wlNrry INtter" M PsOabqy eepoN urWmr•1a aHboo/ M WOJcrna aro.l6aM rMWhW ConMr. aroot7Yn, N. Y. s4.arr. c.Mr...r PwrWAcy, Loaq Li.M uwl•we.uy, aroetym IK. Y. aner. Ne6MW, aroek,w. Y..& Tte awlr /1.o.DUkawn Gm.c. wntr Mabr, N. Y. CaW.eW cMi.p M Y.MCw. t.ra. Awp.h. CsMbrW IwaqM M T.dwWpy, Callfornie atW WYwnity. NemrW", C..dkw ol.Mptt ww-..ld Nooortat/ Nw chwr.n, at lAV+. C..l w.a.m N...n. uwlw..lry achool M wack+., ca.wIand G"an ef L~.oel/esplt.L l.p Aw"l" a.6c.Qe awm a w.nr, CNo.po waory sawa ChDf."•. C6woor N...areh FarKsneti soston QdMrM•. NO0MtY W6rtr1 C.~, aOSW C7MWron•. MooMLI M ls. LnaNN Gty M No" NatbeW Wdlca G..rr, Ora», Cal. u.,4l.nd Prycnlwk Irranrr .ne No.pltal CMM" M Y~Wdrr an6 t?MOStry M N" Jor.rr, N.orrn Cebr.eo seatm tJwi..esln, Fon GeaHr . Cakwabid h06byi r>M M0A.csl Cafrw, Nrr. Ysrt GMurAD1& uwfMrffty, Nr. YOrt CWwaO+d uwrwrsrtY CaMq et Fw".e~ l auep.orr. N" Yert C«ww tJMwweM weleN eetYp.- Mn. Y.n fw.+oM~ uM.ertaJrr. on.a,a. Nre. Da4wouN YWlepl aeAOOI, Neno..r, N. H. D~ &&vdLcal rb"artA CGrtYr. INc.. Dpwr, Del. oer. h*tprrEutb WWta Gnnr, Lep Mq.M. DW uMwntry Y.WCN C.rebr. o~~ N. C. [rt CtreMM lM+wsary adwol M Y.dbtlrw, On.#.i/M. N. C. Gr»n uN..r.Nr aa" .« wf+etw.. Aa,ru.. oa a!r•IMs UMyMtr No"W. IOr•fMl, PL FMrSM at.rr u.rwnq, T.ftM~ FML*.n uwlwrNfy, T1y arau, N. Y. FerrW.»on Nw aMe.brral /M."rcn. MpUrta. Ylo%. F~e CeVMy /bWW, Frau.o. Cal. OraaM w.rwwplon uwlw" aCAOd M WdIcW, wrMlnqton. o. C. o.«ww.„ un+r.nny so+wa..f wadw..~. D.r.nary, w.MWybn. o. C. OMl.wr YWsAM NwMta, NV. Yerk N.nra...am werea ee+NO.. Hw."oN+. Narwd W&cal aonoW, sosmn Nrr.be1 Y.d" scnod Nr. Enpl" rM~ Il~rcA C4nyr. serwbre, w... 9 / CTR. 1339 CTR' NN
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