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Council for Tobacco Research

Application for Research Grant An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Study on High Temperature Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography]

Date: 11 Nov 1959
Length: 719 pages
CTRMN002224-CTRMN002942
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25 Sep 1995
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Becker, R., Univ Houston
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APPLICATION FOR GRANT
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002
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N C TO6ACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH COMMITTEE 150 EAST FORTI SECOND STREET KEW YORK 17, N. Y. Appicc8on For R...ord,•Groni THIS DOCU6'EA1T SUBJECT T0. AUG. 20, 1°_85 NCN •DISSEMINATION ORDE.R IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. Dow, November 11, 1959 1. KoT" of 4wa;qah 1 Dr. Ralpb Becker 2. Tt+i.: 'p.csociate Professor of Chemistry s.kwo%mon University of Houston s AddmmL- 3801 Cullen Blvd. Houston, Texas a. P.oi«+orsWbi.cr An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic . Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. C S. Daotl.d Pion el Proe.dvr. (Uw rrwrs~ iid+ if edd'itionol ipooa ia n..d.d): This projec t at pres e:1: is conceived as having two principal purposes: (1) A study of the use of high temperature gas-liquid partition chromatography for analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons and comparison of this analysis with electronic spectral data. (2) A concentrated effort on develop- ing correlations of fundamental spectroscopic experimental and theoretical data and the relation of these to carcinogenic act_•:ity. I. No completely satisfactory method is available for :he analysis and separation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Conventional techniques involving liquid solvents and solid adsorbents do not provide detailed analysis and, in addition, may be restricted to minute quantities (such as paper chromatography) or may require too large a quantity compared to that available. Gas-liquid partition poten- t:ally offers a unique combination of characteristics. It is capable of analyzing minute quantities of materials (in the range of a microgram). In addition, the technique provides high resolu- ~ion capability for compounds having very similar properties. (such as.the isomeric xylenes). Finally, it is poss_ble to analyze and separate working quantities of materials (mg and ml batche:.). Conventional units are limited to a maximum temperature of ap- proximately 225°C. The construction of special high temperature employing sapphir.e insulators is planned. Th_s unit will allow temperatures of 400 C°to be attained, if required. CONFI[)E.NTIAI.: MINNESOTA TOEiACCO LITIGATION CtR 1897 c r; L. i R i i i i 0ti.+r 22224
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. . • V i . . TNIS DOCU:.:_'tT cD;•ECT TO /'•D, 20, 19s3 N;;N.D;SSE&i1N:~T1oN ORu~ 1N ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. f. iudpa Kon: f4bria P.rewr+.m 6Ruipn~.r+t Owrfi.od O16.r 18600 30.0-0 00 4240- 10an T,+ot 31840 pwavi,n,t We,k, Three years are des irable in order to take advantage -mew developments in the instrumentation phase and continuing new C A -. • ar~dSx~IFA.otbbk: Staff: Dr. A. Zlatkis of the University of Houstor. will work directly with us on the instrumentation phase. Dr. Zlatkis bas been very active in the realm of gas-liquid chromatography and is one of the leaders in the field. He has published several articles •and is al.so a consultant in the field. Graduate students and a- xesearch assistant are also available. Facilities: Three spectro- graphs, a spectrophotometer, a densitometer, a monochromator, and xtecessary auxillary optical supplies. `ata in the correlation phase. - - 7. *Idl+ioaial bqvtr.enntu (a) Righ Temperature gas-liquid chromotographic unit. This will be specially constructed by Barber-Colman, Rockford, 111. - approxi- mately $5,000. (b) Full-time post-doctoral associate whose effort will be directed to the correlation phase - $6,200 per 11 months. 40. AddNiawl brfornwtion Onaictuq r.6wn ef work w ah.. proj.ct+ and otf+.r .a,rc.r ef .vpply): , The author presently holds a grant for study of aromatic hydrocarbons from the Department of Health, Education & Welfare. This is a three year grant obtained after the conclusion of a two year grant. The alppropriations available are primarily for spectral investigation of the hydrocarbons. Funds are included for a full-time researcc °:zr,~:-wnsietant and students, chemical compounds, expendable photographic h l d l d ot er supp ies an ow temperature absorption spectra attachment e author has been responsible for the collection of some 130 ciiffere-= omatic hydrocarbons. This includes five complete methyl series and everal partially complete ones. //1J'l(Z_dG21i~~ t • i. W~inw W6c.r of th. kwbvlion f T D CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION R-ri' i. t i i i 0r.1r~. ~,~ ,~ . 12...j
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I • ~ CORttx(~e. : C h rn. 12to6s.h ~ :f1tc 20, i:Z' 1N R0GEhs ~nuER 111 I ~ U --.•.,-K TO6ACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH COMMITTEE 150 EAST FORTY SECOND STREET NEW YORK 17, N. Y. ApP6cation For R...arch Gront rfhledrf(utroA .f*:"; Do++: March 29, 1960 1. Nonw of Inv.sfipator: Lr: Ralph Becker /4.D. 2. Tt+6: Associatr Professor of Chemistry 3. inrn,,,rion The University of Houston a Addrw: 3801 Cullen Blvd. Houston 4, Texas a. Proi.o orsubi.cn An Inrestigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. S. D.tall.d Plon of Proc.dvr. (Ure rev.nm i+d. N odditionai ~poa is nsd.d): This proj ect at presel:t is conceived as having two principal purposes: (1) A study of the use of high temperature gas-liquid partition chromatography for analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons and comparison of this analysis with electronic spectral data. (2) A concentrated effort on develop- ing correlations of fundamental spectroscopic experimental and theoretical data and the relation of these to carcinogenic activity. I. No completely satisfactory method is available for the analysis and separation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Conven:ior.al techniques involving liquid solvents and solid adsorbents do not provide detailed analysis and, in addition, may be restricted to minute quantities (such as paper chromatography) or may require too large a quantity compared to that available. Gas-liquid parti- tion potentially offers a unique combination of characteristics. It is capable of analyzing minute quantities of materials (in the range of a microgram). In addition, the technique provides high resolutiot, capability for compounds having very similar properties, (such as the isomeric xylenes). Finally, it is possible to analyze and separate working quaatities of materials (mg and ml batches). Conventional units are limited to a maximum temperature c: t. approximately 225°C. The construction of special high temperature u;.it employing sapphire insulators is planned. This unit will allow temperatures of 4J0°C to be attained, if required. CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C T R 1900 C i i.. It -- I N 0 0 1 222 6
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1 Itl.~ . . . . . ..... 20. 155., .;,5L„I ~i~..TiON GRuER IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. Much of the probLn involves the selection of the proper statiorr ary liquid phases and operating conditions. Several liquid phases are available and more will become available in the future. Pre- liminary analysis of a mixture of phenanthrene and two isomeric methyl derivatives resulted in separation of the phenanthrene and methyl derivatives and partial separation of the methyl derivatives themselves. Despite the fact that only one stationary phase has been utilized thus far and only limited variation of operating conditions has been accomplished, this is indeed promising. Because of the extremely rapid developments in detection tech- niques, capillary columns, new liquid phases and the like, several years of study is desirable to allow for utilization of the newes: developments as they appear. The analysis by the above technique will be studied in relation to the results obtained from electronic spectral absorption and emission data. This will permit evaluation of the sensitivity of the spectral data to impurities and in addi- tion, potentially allow for analysis in those cases where chromato- graphy is not applicable or successful. Of course, there is gained the obvious benefit of establishing the nature of the spectra oqta:ned as due to that of a single compound or mixture of compounds. I:: c=rtain cases, a mixture may contain sufficient quantities of :s:- purities to cast doubt on the authenticity of the spectrum obta:ned In these cases, it is anticipated that the chromatographic technique will provide the means for obtaining a sufficient quantity of a pure compound for spectral study. Thus, more rigorous spectral criteria for purity will be obtained. Moreover, any improvement in spectral accuracy provides a better basis for fundamental theoretical, experi-. mental and correlation development. II. In every chemical reaction, some one or combination of the fundamental molecular properties are involved. These fundamental properties include energy of states, lifetime of states and quant:m yield (ratio of number of quanta or molecular reactions out to number of quanta in). It is obvious that a better understanding of these properties would provide a broader and more sound basis for inter- pretation of any reactions involving the molecules. Although certain correlations have been obtained in this lab- oratory among carcinogenic activity, absorption and emission spectral characteristics, a more concentrated effort is required. Prior tc this, a concentrated study is necessary on the prediction and cor- relation of molecular properties. The basis for this would be data already existent and/or coincidentally obtained. Several such molecular properties include lifetimes of electronic excited states, location of electronic excited states and location of perturbing electronic states. In addition, the significance of variations of such molecular properties between individual and groups of aromatic hydrocarbons requires more concentrated investigation. When more information is available regarding tbe correlation of the fundamental properties, the possible further correlations of these with carcinogenic activity will have a much greater chance of success. Moreover, it is inevitable that a more clear under- standing of the nature and chemical reactivity of the aromatic hydrocarbons would result. CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C T R 1901 l~ 25 ['r, i i i ~ S.~ 0~.~ ~. ~, •f` ~
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01 r L THIS DOCUMENT SU3.EGT T0 AUG. 20, 1985 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER lN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. . ....._.., Solorist . $ 8,385 bp.ndobl. suppai 760 P.rnwn.nt Equtpm.nt 5,000 OV.*h.od -1., ~+~ p1t,,, 3 50 to,o~ $15,919 Q Wdp.t Pion: 7. f,nbopof.da,rononotwort: Three years are desirable in order to take advantage of new developments in the instrumentation phase and cDntinuing new data in the correlation phase.' t. hdtnisondswff Arotbbl.: Staff: Dr. A. Zlatkis of The University of Houston will work directly with us on the instrumentation phase. Dr. Zlatkis has been very active in the realm of gas-liquid chromatography and is one of the leaders in the field. He has published several articles and is also a consultant in the field. Graduate students and a research assistant are also available. . Facilities: Steinheil Universal Spectrograph/, Model G.H. with f/3 coated glass optics; 3 coated glass prisms; Beckman Spectro- hotometer, Mo 1 p automatiq re ordi ran e 21~ ~u to 2800 mu; 9. ~ddironoi~vir.n»nra: ~aci~ities continue~ at ~~~tom ~Z pa e (a) High Temperature gas-liquid chromatographic unit. This will be specially constructed by Barber-Colman, Rockford, Ill. - approxi- mately $5,000. (b) Full-time post-doctoral associate, whose effort will be directed to the correlation phase - $6,200 per 11 months. 10. Additioncl Inforn+ation (Includinp r.btion of woric to o1h.r proj.ch and orh.r sovrca of wpply): The author presently holds a grant for study of aromatic hydro- carbons from the Department of Health, Education & Welfare. This is a three year grant obtained after the conclusion of a two year grant. The appropriations available are primarily for spectral investioation of the hydrocarbons. Funds are included for a full- time research assistant and students, chemical compounds, e:;pendable photobraphic and other supplies and a low temperature absorption spectra attachment. sipnofvrs system, darkroom, refrigerator and deep frjeezp. cells of Pyrex, Corex and fused quartz; phosphoroscope; vacuum The author has.been responsible for the collection of some 130 different aromatic hydrocarbons. This includes five complete methyl series and several partially completed ones. Facilities (continued): Hilger medium visible-infrared glass spec- trograph; Bausch & Lomb grating monochromator; Hilger quartz prism monochromator; light sources and power supply; special made optical .-, Wdnw OlFiar of fi+. InttfAMion CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C T R 1902 tr i {'r. i iiq 0 ti.+T2G.2 6
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DOCUr„ENT Su6;E0T T; 20, 1985 N0N•DISSEMINATION • ` GarC l 01f a s c 11 /er, phy rrt e c.l eJ y e ,~1 C ti c r+c i S fY yjN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. ' GoMht, t.ttL. TO6ACC(% INDUSTRY RESEARCH COMMITTEE ,tSf/Q R1 150 EAST FURTY SECOND STREET NEW YORK 17, N. Y. Oy .Tj cioson OrV t j tt4- 81 C t AP. LICATIOh FOR RENEWAL OF RESEARCH GP.Ah'T DQw. February 9. 1961 1. Nom* of tnwa+qoron p= Ralph 5. Becker#0 ph.,D. 2- n+••: Associate Profes-or of Chemistry 3. hwfi"on University of Houston a Aarew- 3801 Cullen Boulevard Houston, Texas a. PwF«i«subi.ct: An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. S. Deldil.d Plan of Procsdvr. (Uie nvKSm wd. if oddtiw+o) tpow iu n..d.d): Basically a continua- tion grant is requested. The future program will invoive the .study of the two principle portions as outlined irn the original application for research grant. Some additional approaches to one portion of the project is anticipated. I. In addition to the study of the separatiorn of aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromato€raphy, a simultaneous study of electron capture (electron affinity spectroscopy) will be carried out. This technique is new and has some potentially exciting fundamental aspects. The method was first discussed by Lovelock and Lipsky, J. Am. Chem. Soc.4-t`riew review by Lovelock has just appeared, Analyt. Chem, 42,t*162 (1961). In essence, the technique is a method for oua_itative identification of functional groups. How- ever, other facets relative to the aromatic hydrocarbon probleW appear to be potentially important. For example, preliminary data indicated that only one of the two isomeric tricyclics (phenan;,hrene-anthracene) shows electron capture. The reason for this is not known. The author believes there is a fundamental reascn why this is true. For example, this fact could be a func;.=cn of the relative energies of the singlet and/or triplet levels of the molecule. On the other hand, it could be a function of the difference of the molecular or electron distribution syrr.te:.-y. There is not sufficient data to decide these factors. Consecuer.tly, during the periot cf the visit of Dr. Lovelock arn accelerated, CONFIDENTIAL: MINNE:SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION C T R 1903 CTR ~°~h~ c~~~~~9
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THIS DOCUtdE~~'T SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 NON•DISSEA4IN.4TION ORDER 1N ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. concci,ted study of large number of aromatic hydrocarbons will be carried out. Once this is accomplished, correlation will be attempzed between the results and fundamental molecular properties. Unfortunately, the information available regarding application of this technique to aromatic hydrocarbons is nearly non-existent and .•herefore it is not possible at the present time to be more definitive than the foregoing. However, it is obvious from the one eYample that this technique may offer a new approach to the study of electron affinity of molecules which can be correlated with fundamental molecular properties. In additicn to the study and potential purification of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography, the writer plans to investi- gate another new technique for purification. This technique involves the process of zone refining. The technique involves the principal of purification by repeated freezing and melting. The instrument is available and is appropriate for most compour.~s melting between 50 and 300°C. Because of the automatic nature cf this device, it presents an attractive technique for purificaticn. Rece.it Russian literature indicates the use oi' this technioue :ct the purif:caticn of naphthalene. II. As noted in the progress report, certain results have been obtained for benz(a)anthracene. This prograc must be extende~y to the remaining tetracyclic compounds and their alkyl substitLtec derivatives. This is a complex problem because of the fact that several of the electronic transitions overlap each other and a~so because several vibrational progressions occur thresghout the electronic transitions. Moreover, the effect of alkyl substi- tution is varied and complicated. However, a better understa.^.d_n; of these molecules is essential. The study will provide a clearer knowledge of the number of electronic transitions and the effect alkyl substitution on (1) positions of.excited states, (2) ~v •transition probabilities amcng single states as well as singlet and trinlet states. In addition, such knowledge along with tza:t presently knok-r:, will aid in ccnsideration of the results of t:e electron capture investigation. CONF7I)ENTIAl.: MINNESOTA C T R 1904 TOBACCO LITIGATION CTR t~~~ t~~.~•'.'~'~0
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) .j 6. audp.t pIon: 4/1 /61 - 3/3 1/62 THlS DOCUMENT SUBJECT 70 AUG. 20, 1985 N0N-DISSEn1IN.4TI0N ORDER IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. a•sobri.s e'1. 7, c,P j. Exp.ndobl. StrppGa I , MY) t . r.rnwn.M Eqvipm.nr RC10 ,t. o»++.od (rrf.•t a~~*dt ) 90~_ cAlMr Tobi Z7 -_ 7T_ 7. AnKopof.d Dvrotion of work: two additional years . e. FoaFitia and Sw1I Awlbbte-: Staff : Dr. A. Zlatkis of the University of Houston will work directly w-iET us on the instrumentation phase. Dr. Zlatkis has.been very active in the realm of gas-liquid chromatography and is one of the leaders in the field. Facilities: absorption spectro- photometer, 2 glass prism spectrograph-'s;2 monochromators and necessary auxillary equipment. Also, infrared absorption spectrd- photometer. 9. i.ddin«,otk.qvtn.nwm: The budget as given above assumes that the un- expended funds as of 3/31/61 can be carried over to the succeed_np year. (f jofo tt) C 10. Additionol Informofion (Indudinp rsbtion of vror4 fo oth.r proj.ch and otfi.r sownc.s of wpp1Y): .The author presently holds a grant for study of arematic hydrocarbcrs from the Department of Health, Education & i'elfare. This is a three year grant, terminating 3/31/62, obtained after the con- clusion of a two year grant. The appropriations available are primarily for spectral investigation of the hydrocarbons. Funds are included for a full-time research assistant and students, chemical compounds, expendable photographic and other supplies and a low temperature absorption spectra attachmer.t. The author has been responsible for the collection of some 130 different aromatic hydrocarbons. This includes five complete methyl series and several partially ccmpleted ones. n I#- CONFIDEN77AL: MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION V17 .N LN. 11 / -*)a of rroj C T R w«n.a oBo.. M,. 4uNtvfion C. F. McV inney, 1905 1~_z ~ a Vice President & Buainess Manager C~`~ ~~ ~~~~~.~~
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, Dr. *XPbWWV6*K1WxPdC*"" Rchewcd ; 4NEc APPLICATION FOR RENEWAL OF RESEARCH'GKANT ow., February 6, 1962 I---- Cphthtl7tce ' TOlACCO INDUSTRY RESEARCH COMMITTEE 2 S.g~ ~2 b/.xoT i n, C h M • 150 EAST FORTY SECOND STREEI NFW YORK 17, N. Y. = l) l'.Tacob5on A cI-iVdfed t. NaR» oF Fnwniy.rot: Dr. Ralph S. Decker : 2 TeF., Associate Professor of Chemistry C:ardioY a s c vlar, phatm r c c /09 y and ChenclSTrv, 3. MttinAion & AtWrtu: University of Houston 3801 Cullen Boulevard Houston, Texas • THIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TO AUG. 20, 1985 NON•DISSEMINATION ORDER IN ROGERS AND DUKE CASES. .. Pro;.c, o< sub;.ci: An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. , it S. ttiasil.d Pl.n of Proc.dur• (Ua4 r.v.ra, side if addition.l sp.ca is r+quir.dJ. In essence, a continuation grant is requested. The program will continue to involve the two major efforts as outlined in the original proposal; that is; a study of the electron capture phenomenon and analysis of the hydrocarbon electronic absorption and emission spectra. ' I. The hydrocarbons used in the spectral study and the electror. capture study appear to be of high purity. However, because of the difficulty of finding a proper stationary liquid phase and carrier for a gas chromatographic study, no careful definitive study of putity has been carried out. With the cooperation of Dr. Lovelock and others, it now appears that a good carrier and stationary liquid phase having good separation characteristics for the hydro- carbons and high temperature stability has been found. It is anticipated that the study of the tetracylics may be cbmpleted by the end of the grant period; however, if it is not, it will be continued as part of the effort of the next grant period. In addition, mass spectrographic data should also be available for additional cross checking. Of cburse, also the spectral data (particularly the emission) gives a good indication of purity. The principle effort will be directed toward a bettsr and further understand:- of the electron capture process. The progress report indicates that it has beer rnssible to obtain the electron absorption coefficients for quite a variety of ;amatic hydrocarbons (see preprint from Nature). The possible significances are also described. CONFIDF,NTIAL: MINNESOTA TOF3ACCO LITIGATION CTR 1906 CT~ ~~ 002232
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'~.. ~ TNIS DOCUMENT SUBJECT TC AUG. 20, 1485 NOt:-DISSEt„INATlDK ORDER - IN ROGERS FJiD DUKE CASE& Continuation of S. Detailed Plan of Procedure In addition, the pr.ogress report n cites what is considered to be the present concept of the significance the electron absorption coefficients and'kfasl'relation to a furuamental of molecules. The previous propo- sal indicated a correlation may exist between the'absorption coefficients and the relative energies of the first excited state which indeed seems to be the case. However, further effort needs to be extended to assure the fact that equilibrium is establisGed. One approach to this is varying the time between pulse applications (see progvess report and preprint from Nature concerning cell operation). Also other fundamental data such as lifetimes of excited states could correlate with electron absorption coefficients. Therefore, the lifetime data neeq to be obtained. The equipment for such work has be- come available recently•and such a study will be carried out. Moreover, of sig- nificant importance is the effect heteroatoms in the aromatic ring have upon the electron absorption coefficient. This feature shall also be investigated. The incorporated heteroatom of most interest from both the spectroscopic and * biological viewpoints would seem to be nitrogen. 'l~s, these types of'molecules will receive the earliest attention. ~e he -C Certain theoretical implications are involved as indicated in the progress report. A portion of our effort will include the further exploration and ramifications of these implications, for example, electron affinities of molecules. As noted in the progress report, there appearl to be two major consequence.s of electron capture; (a) formation of a negative ion and (b) a dissociation of the molecule. Indeed, it does not seem reasonable to compare electrnn absorption coefficients arising from these two processes since one does involve the molecule and the other the molecule plus fragments. Since the details of the mechanism in the dissociative process are obscure, it is not possible to be very definitive. In any event, this comparative feature is a salient one and tbe significances and ramifications of this factor will be considered during the exploration. II. The analysis of the electronic transitions in aromatic hydrocarbons will continue. This effort will be directed toward determining the number•and nature of the electronic transitions and the nature of the vibrational se- quences within and between transitions. As indicated in the progress report, a knowledge of the energy of the first excited state (energy of the first electronic transition) was an important factor in better understanding and correlating the electron capture process with a fundamental molecular parameter. The vibrational analysis will continue.'This analysis will not only provide information relative to the vibrations which are excited upon electronic ex- citation but will also assist in the assignment of electronic tra.nsitions within the total absorption spectra. Also, it may be possible that a vibra- tional analysis of the fluorescence a-hd phosphorescence will allow the symmeLry of the lowest triplet state to be assigned. CONFIDENTIAL: MINNESOTA C T R 1907 TOBACCO LITIGATION V' { {ti i SN 00f ...~.~3vb

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