Council for Tobacco Research
Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
Abstract
MAR
Fields
- Depository Date
- 25 Sep 1995
- Master ID
- Ctrmn00000667-6967
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- CTRMN000828-0848 by-Laws of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. [Rules and Regulations for the Operation of the Council]
- CTRMN000849-0854 Application for Research Grant [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000855-0856 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Stipulations for Receiving A Funding Award]
- CTRMN000857-0859 [Suggestions and Guidelines for Submitting A Request for A Grant]
- CTRMN000860-0871 [Transmittal of Information for Securing A Research Grant]
- CTRMN000872-0882 [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
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- CTRMN001270-1306 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
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- CTRMN001430-1485 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
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- CTRMN001682-1727 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001728-1771 1975 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001772-1816 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001817-1860 1977 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
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- CTRMN001968-2025 1980 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
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- CTRMN003304-3322 Tobacco-Health Research Program [Display Case Showing Main Areas of Investigation]
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- CTRMN003358-3365 Some Information About... The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. ...and Its Research Program [Informs About the Purpose and Function of Organization's Research Program]
- CTRMN003366-3374 the Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board to the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. [Informs the Purposes, Policies, and the Research Program of the Board]
- CTRMN003375-3419 the Cancer-Smoking Controversy [Regards the Fallacious Conclusions of Cigarette Smoking Causing Lung Cancer From A Mathematical and Scientific Point of View]
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- CTRMN003426-3431 the Pathologic Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree and Lungs Reprinted From the Archives of Pathology Vol. 70 [St Finds of Equivocal Results with the Use of Tobacco]
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- CTRMN003438-3442 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology, II [Results Show Pathological Lungs in Different Cities Are Acutally Different]
- CTRMN003443-3447 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology. II [Study Comparing Pathological Conditions in 8 Different Cities Shows That Conditions Are All Different]
- CTRMN003448-3456 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology [Systematic Examinations of the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Run-of-the-Mill Cases]
- CTRMN003457-3464 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology III [When Probability Is Doubtful the Use of Variable Tables to Calculate Results Is the Best Way to Make A Precise and Accurate Answer for Sufficient Range of Pathological Conditions]
- CTRMN003465-3476 Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers [Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Have to Do with Personality Traits and Physiologic Criteria]
- CTRMN003477-3485 the Psychology of Smoking [Smoking Is Determined by Certain Personality Variables and Personal Needs]
- CTRMN003486-3490 the Tobacco and Health Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board [Regarding Information the Tobacco Industry Research Committee Do for the Research Program]
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- CTRMN003559-3560 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Guidelines for Which Grants Are Approved]
- CTRMN003561-3780 Tobacco Smoking in the United States in Relation to Income Marketing Research Report No. 189 [A Report Compiled by the Bureau of the Census for the United States Public Health Service on Smoking Characteristics in Relation to Income, Age, Region, Urban-Rural Residence and Occupation.]
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- CTRMN003784-3787 Confidential Report on Meeting January 18, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) [St]
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- CTRMN003798-3800 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN003836-3852 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 3, 1955 [St]
- CTRMN003853-3869 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting February 14, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003870-3895 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 9, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003896-3907 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 9, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003908-3923 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 8, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003924-3931 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 8 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003932-3939 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 6, 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003940-3945 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN003983-3991 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN004142-4147 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 10, 1975 [St]
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- CTRMN004168-4172 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004173-4176 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004177-4178 Minutes of the Board of Directors Executive Committee Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004179-4184 Minutes of the Meeting of the Directors January 30, 1981 [St]
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- CTRMN004410-4413 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004414-4416 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004417-4420 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN004437-4439 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004440-4443 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004444-4446 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004447-4450 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004451-4454 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004455-4459 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004460-4463 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004464-4467 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004468-4472 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004473-4475 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004476-4480 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004481-4484 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004485-4492 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004493-4497 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 23-24, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004498-4501 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting December 9-10, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004502-4505 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004506-4510 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting La Jolla, California March 2-3-4, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004511-4516 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York New York May 25-26, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004517-4522 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 14-15, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004523-4526 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 8-9, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004527-4531 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 22-23, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004532-4538 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York May 16-18, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004539-4544 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004545-4549 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004550-4555 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Colorado Springs, Colorado March 20-22, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004556-4560 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004561-4569 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 18-19-20, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004570-4578 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Chicago, Illinois January 15,16, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004579-4585 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. May 7-8-9, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004586-4593 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 24-25-26, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004594-4598 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004599-4604 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Palm Springs, California March 24-25-26, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004605-4609 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 9-11, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004610-4614 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 15-17, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004615-4623 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 14-15-16, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004624-4626 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board June 13, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004627-4634 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 10-11-12, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004635-4643 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 4, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004644-4654 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 30-31 November 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004655-4656 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 13, 1974 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004657-4664 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 26-27-28, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004665-4672 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 10-11-12, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004673-4675 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 13, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004676-4683 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 17-18-19, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004684-4686 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 11, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004687-4694 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 28-29-30, 1976 October 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004695-4697 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Bethesda, Maryland December 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004698-4706 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Tuscon, Arizona March 23-25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004707-4708 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Tuscon, Arizona March 25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004709-4710 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York May 19, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004711-4719 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 26-28, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004720-4723 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Phoenix, Arizona January 16-17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004724-4724 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board Committee Phoenix, Arizona January 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004725-4734 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 26-27-28, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004735-4735 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Executive Committee New York, New York April 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736-4737 Confidential Report Meeting for the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736A-4736A Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004738-4747 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 18-19-20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004748-4750 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004751-4759 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 11-12-13, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004760-4769 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 17-18-19, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004770-4770 Confidential Meeting of the Report Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 18, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004771-4780 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Meeting New York, New York Aprill 9-10-11, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004781-4781 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 20, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004782-4783 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 16, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004784-4792 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 8-9-10, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004793-4794 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 9, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004795-4804 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 8-9-10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004805-4805 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 8, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004806-4806 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004807-4816 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 14-15-16, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004817-4818 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 15, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004819-4820 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 9, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004821-4831 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 21, 22, 23, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004832-4833 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 21, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004834-4843 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 6,7,8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004844-4844 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004845-4845 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Scottsdale, Arizona February 24, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004846-4857 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 20, 21, 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004858-4858 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004859-4859 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 6, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004860-4871 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 12, 13, 14, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004872-4882 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 28, 29, 30, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004883-4883 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York March 29, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004884-4895 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 19, 20, 21, 1984 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004896-4896 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 20, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004897-4897 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Palm Beach, Florida February 25, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004898-4898 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004899-4910 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004911-4911 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004912-4923 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004924-4927 for Release: A.M.'s Wednesday, April 14, 1954 ["Reaction to the Compendium "A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy""]
- CTRMN004928-4929 for Release: A.M.'s Tuesday, April 27, 1954 [Scientific Advisory Board Organized Early to Begin Research Into All Phases of Tobacco Use and Health for the Year]
- CTRMN004930-4931 for Release in A.M.'s of Tuesday, May 18, 1954 [Proposals Submitted for Cancer Research Projects for Consideration by Scientific Advisory Board]
- CTRMN004932-4933 for Release After 10:30 A.M., June 15, 1954 [Appointment of Dr. Clarence Cook Little Announced by the Tobacco Research Industry Committee]
- CTRMN004934-4937 for Immediate Release [American Cancer Society Survey Conveys the Need to Further Research to Discover Cause of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN004938-4939 for Release in Am's of Tuesday, July 20, 1954 [Edwin B. Wilson of Harvard University Became A Member of Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004940-4942 for Release: A.M.'s of Wednesday, July 28, 1954 Little Announces Research Policy of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Three Main Areas to Be Covered by Research Program Announced]
- CTRMN004943-4944 for Release in A.M.'s Thursday, August 19, 1954 [Dr. Julius H. Comroe of University of Pennsylvania, Accepted Membership on Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004945-4945 for Immediate Release (Monday, October 11, 1954) Dr. Little Gives TIRC View [Little States That No Convincing Evidence Has Yet Been Found to Prove That Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN004946-4946 for Immediate Release (Tuesday, October 12, 1954) [Timothy V. Hartnet, Chairman of Board, Stated That Public Should Be Reminded That No Lung Cancer Causing Agent Has Yet Been Identified in Tobacco]
- CTRMN004947-4947 for Release: Wednesday, October 20, 1954 Hartnett Approves Care in Research [Committee to Be Sure That Reliable Evidence Is Available Before Announcing Important Conclusions to the Public About Smoking]
- CTRMN004948-4948 for Immediate Release (Thursday, October 21, 1954) Hartnett Comments on Cigarette Paper Burning [Timothy V. Hartnett Comments That A Cancer Causing Compound on Skin of Mice Has Been Produced by Burning Cigarette Paper Under Certain Lab Conditions]
- CTRMN004949-4952 for Release: A.M.'s, Monday, November 8, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Announces Initial Grants [Six Scientific Research Grants Totalling Over $82,000 Made Public]
- CTRMN004953-4954 for Release in A.M.'s, Monday, December 6, 1954 Scientific Associate Named by Tobacco Research Group [Robert C. Hockett Appointed As Scientific Director of TIRC to Help Develop Research Into Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN004955-4956 for Immediate Release Cross-Country Lung Study Planned by Tobacco Group [Group of Pathologists Plan A Cooperative Study to Increase Knowledge of Lung Ailments]
- CTRMN004957-4959 for Release in Year-End Editions But Not Before December 27, 1954 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [TIRC Will Approve A Quarter of A Million Dollars for Research Into Public Health Problems by the End of 1954]
- CTRMN004960-4963 for Release: Monday A.M.'s, January 17, 1955 Tobacco Industry's New Research Grants Send Total to More Than $300,000 [New Research Grants Announced by TIRC to Relate to Both Human and Animal Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN004964-4966 for Release in A.M.'s of Friday, April 8, 1955 Tobacco Industry Group Votes Medical Research Fellowships [TIRC Announced Fellowship Program to Create Interest in Research Among Medical School Students]
- CTRMN004967-4969 Release Tuesday, May 17, 1955 and Thereafter Tobacco and Health Studies Cover Wide Range of Research [Although No Scientific Proof That Cigarettes or Air Pollution Cause Lung Cancer, Progress Is Being Made to Learn More About Tobacco Use and Health by the TIRC]
- CTRMN004970-4972 Tobacco Research Grants Increased to 490,000 Mark [Research Grants Are Created So Science Can Provide An Answer to Public Health Problems]
- CTRMN004973-4973 Hartnett Comments on Auerbach Paper [Many Studies on Human Lung Tissue, Not Enough Data Available to Draw A Conclusion Yet]
- CTRMN004974-4975 Anti-Smoking Theories Not Based on Complete Scientific Knowledge [Scientific Investigation Into What the Real Effects Are From Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN004976-4977 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Research Intensified in Past Year, No Proof That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004978-4980 Doctor's Survey Termed 'biased, 'says Hartnett [Questionnaire Would Give No Concrete Conclusions About Tobacco Causing Cancer]
- CTRMN004981-4982 Hartnett Alerts Burley Men to Challenge Tobacco Attacks [Doctors Are Expressing Their Doubts About Statements Already Made; Tobacco Effects]
- CTRMN004983-4984 Bright Belt Warehouse Men Told Facts Challenge Critics [Still Looking for Proof That Tobacco Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004985-4986 Tobacco Spokesman Says Facts and Position Are Unchanged [Various Experiments with Animals Showed That Cancer Was Not the Outcome From Tobacco Smoke]
- CTRMN004987-4987 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Methods Used for Cancer Research Still Do Not Give Enough Information]
- CTRMN004988-4990 British Tobacco Experiments Unable to Induce Cancers [Still No Connection, Tests Will Continue]
- CTRMN004991-4993 Tobacco Research Grants Now Over 838,000 Mark [Tobacco Research Is Getting More Support From Doctors, Scientists, and Educators]
- CTRMN004994-4996 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Summary of the Past Years' Events in Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN004997-4999 Tobacco Research Fund Raised to 1,500,000 [Finding New Ways to Break Down Tobacco]
- CTRMN005000-5001 Tobacco Industry Group Renews Medical Research Fellowships [More Medical Students Are Receiving Fellowships Than Last Year]
- CTRMN005002-5003 Hartnett Statement on Cancer Meeting Reports [There Is Still Much Research to Be Done Before Tobacco Is Linked to Cancer]
- CTRMN005004-5005 [Pathologists From Around the Country Have Studied Human Lung Tissues Over the Past Year]
- CTRMN005006-5006 [Smoking Patterns Do Not Explain Differences in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005007-5008 Hartnett Cites British Tobacco Tests Failing to Produce Animal Cancer [the Search for Cancer Must Be Broadened and Intensified]
- CTRMN005009-5010 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Claims [Although Many Believe Smoking Causes Cancer, Scientists Still Have Not Found Any Prof]
- CTRMN005011-5011 [Present Knowledge Doesn't Hint A Relationship Between Smoking and Heart Problems]
- CTRMN005012-5016 Hartnett Comments on Cancer Society Booklet [Pamphlet Omits Some Important Research Results]
- CTRMN005017-5018 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Research Committee Needs More Scientific Investigation]
- CTRMN005019-5025 Tobacco Research Funds Reach 2.2 Million Mark [Over 60 Independent Scientists Throughout the Country Are Working in Institutions to Further the Research of Cancer and Tobacco Use, They Are Listed]
- CTRMN005026-5027 Hartnett Comments on French Report [French Are Reporting Rapid Cancer Formation in Mice, Hartnett Feels It Can't Be Judged on the Basis of New Reports Without Longer Consideration and Careful Analysis]
- CTRMN005028-5030 Harnett Cites Points for Clarification in Tobacco Health Study [Smoking Study Reached the Public's Attention Before It Was Reviewed and Before the Facts Were Made Crystal Clear]
- CTRMN005031-5032 Hartnett Comments on Wynder News Stories [News Story Claims That Assumptions Have Been Made About Mouse Skin Painting Experiments]
- CTRMN005033-5037 Statement on Smoking and Health Studies [Scientists Are Developing A Program for Different Phases of Tobacco Use and Health, Members Listed]
- CTRMN005038-5045 Hartnett Says Statistics Do Not Establish Causes [Studies Are Open to Assumptions and Certain Selection of Subjects]
- CTRMN005046-5048 Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory [the Surgeon General Believes the Studies Are Missing Essential Facts That Should Be Acknowledged]
- CTRMN005049-5050 Scientist Comments on Benzpyrene Report [Benzpyrane in Tobacco Smoke, Under Investigation for Years Caused Cancer in Lab Animals But Not Humans]
- CTRMN005051-5055 "Cancer Researcher Challenges "Cause and Effect" Charges Against Smoking" [It's Difficult to Have A Cause and Effect Relationship When Dealing with Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005056-5056 [Atlantic Monthly Gives A Misleading Picture of Dr. Little and His Public Position]
- CTRMN005057-5058 Tobacco Committee Chairman Comments on Cancer Society Talk [Many Unresolved Questions About Tobacco Causing Cancer Don't Stop Researching]
- CTRMN005059-5061 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Most Tend to Believe the Anti-Cigarette Theory But It Shouldn't Be Confused with the Facts There's Still Not Enough Facts to Prove That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN005062-5062 Hartnett Says Leaflet Admits Differing Opinions on Smoking [Leaflet Tells How Scientists Disagree on Evidence]
- CTRMN005063-5066 Research Program Throws Doubts on Smoking Charges [Incorrect Claims and Harmful Effects From Tobacco]
- CTRMN005067-5069 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [More and More Scientists Had Doubts and Disbeliefs in the Charges Against Smoking As A Cause of Cancer]
- CTRMN005070-5071 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Scientists Say Smoking Has Been Proved Guilty When Linked with Human Health Problems]
- CTRMN005072-5072 Pamphlet Merely Review, Dr. Little Says [Opinions Is All the Author Gives in His Pamphlet Scientists Are Still Disputing]
- CTRMN005073-5076 TIRC Fund for Research Boosted to $2,700,000 [Grants for Independent Scientists Interested in Studying Problems of Cancer and Heart Disease When Related to Smoking]
- CTRMN005077-5080 [New Knowledge on Smoking and Health Questions]
- CTRMN005081-5081 [Veterans Study of Smoking Habits]
- CTRMN005082-5082 [Report on How There Was Existing Research Evidence and How It Was Ignored]
- CTRMN005083-5085 [Regarding Anti-Tobacco Movement]
- CTRMN005086-5086 [Benzpyrene in Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN005087-5088 [Experimental Evidence Is Weak]
- CTRMN005089-5089 Hartnett Says Article on Arsenic Goes Beyond Facts [Farmers Use of Insecticides with Arsenicals on Growing Tobacco Has Steadily Been Declining]
- CTRMN005090-5091 [Scientists Who Produce Conflicting Results Are Being Ignored by the Health Department]
- CTRMN005092-5094 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Even More Grants Have Been Made Available More Factors Have Been Associated with Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005095-5100 Tobacco Industry Group Announces Research Grants [Grant Increases to $3,200,000 List of Grants Announced]
- CTRMN005101-5103 Tobacco-Health Research Described in 1958 Report [the Report Talked About Experiments That Were Unable to Produce Cancer and the Cause and Effect Theory]
- CTRMN005104-5104 [Report Shows That Other Factors Besides Smoking Have Been Causing Lung Cancer, But Scientists Do Not Dismiss the Fact That Lung Cancer Is Possibility From Smoking]
- CTRMN005105-5105 [Anti-Smoking Campaign Is Thought to Be A One-Sided Propaganda Effort]
- CTRMN005106-5106 [Questions Arise From on-Sided Study]
- CTRMN005107-5111 Cancer Scientist's Comments on Smoking-Lung Cancer Review [Evidence on Smoking and Lung Cancer Is Accumulating, Among Other Contributing Factors]
- CTRMN005112-5117 [Comments Relating to Observation on Various Studies]
- CTRMN005118-5122 Research Grants Announced by Tobacco Industry Group [$500,000 Was Added to Research Funds, A List of Recipients with the New Grants Is Mentioned]
- CTRMN005123-5127 Research Supported by Tobacco Committee Discussed in Scientific Director's Report [It Seems That Finding An Answer to Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Are Too Complicated]
- CTRMN005128-5128 [Attacks on Tobacco, the Lung Cancer Issue Is Still Not Settled]
- CTRMN005129-5129 Nta Stand on Smoking Repeats Opinions [Statement Gives No Evidence and Is Dealing Mainly with Opinions]
- CTRMN005130-5132 Tobacco Research Group Adds New Scientific Associate [New Scientific Director Was Added to the TIRC, Curriculum of J. Morrison Brady]
- CTRMN005133-5134 Tobacco Research Group Cites Questions Raised in Heart Statement [Lack of Evidence Proposes New Questions and Doubts About Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005135-5137 New Evidence Shows Complexities of Lung Cancer, Scientist Says [Hundreds of Studies Indicate Many Factors Contribute to the Complex Chain That May Result in Lung Cancer, No One Can Figure Out the Right Factor and Still the Reported Lung Cancer Cases Are Rising]
- CTRMN005138-5140 New Grants to Scientists Made by Tobacco Research Group [Research Grants Totalling $523,000 Made to 40 Scientists This Year]
- CTRMN005141-5144 Cancer Research Opens Up New Areas, Extra Funds Appropriated for Study [TIRC Stepping Up Financial Support of Independent Health Research]
- CTRMN005145-5147 Scientists in 11 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [17 Research Grants Totaling Nearly $200,00 Awarded to Scientists in 11 States for Studies of Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005148-5151 New Direction for Tobacco-Health Research in '61, Says Chairman of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Future Research to Concentrate on How Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Originate]
- CTRMN005152-5160 Research on Smoking and Health Discussed by Scientific Advisory Board to T.I.R.C. [Health Research Expansion Called for in 22 Specific Areas]
- CTRMN005161-5162 Scientist Reports on Research Progress As T.I.R.C. Boosts Funds to $4,650,000 [Dr. Clarence Cook Little Proposed Steps for Medical Research]
- CTRMN005163-5163 Nation's Medical Students Offered Research Fellowships by Tobacco Research Group [Program Designed to Encourage Research As A Career]
- CTRMN005164-5168 Scientists in 14 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [Fifteen Grants for New Research Announced]
- CTRMN005169-5173 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Adds $800,000 for New Research [Emphasis Put on Viruses, Bioassay, Psychological and Physiological Research]
- CTRMN005174-5176 ""Significant Developments" in Cancer Research Reviewed in Annual Report by Dr. C.C. Little" [Scientific Findings of the Past Year Reviewed]
- CTRMN005177-5179 Tobacco Research Group Offers Fellowships to Medical Students to Spur Interest in Research Work [Program Designed to Encourage Career in Research]
- CTRMN005180-5180 Tobacco Research Committee Chairman Comments on Mouse Skin Painting [Harmless Everyday Substances Can Cause Cancer in Laboratory Animals]
- CTRMN005181-5182 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005183-5217 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005218-5224 52 Additional Research Grants Made by Tobacco Industry Group [Money for Studies Designed to Give New Leads to Lung Cancer and Other Health Problems]
- CTRMN005225-5225 Medical Student Fellowships Offered by Tobacco Research Group [Program to Encourage Research]
- CTRMN005226-5228 Gaps Still Exist in Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Heart Disease, Says Little [Multiple Factors and Influences That Contribute to Lung Cancer Unknown]
- CTRMN005229-5230 Scientific Director of Tobacco Industry Research Committee Comment on Resolution by American Heart Association [TIRC Welcomes Recognition of Need for Further Research to Determine Full Facts About Smoking]
- CTRMN005231-5234 Tobacco Committee Adds $1 Million for Continuing Research Studies [Scientific Advisory Board Assured TIRC Will Provide More Funds]
- CTRMN005235-5235 [Scientific Director of TIRC Sent Telegrams to the Surgeon General and the President of the Ama]
- CTRMN005236-5236 [Ama Supports Research on Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005237-5239 [TIRC Renamed and Reorganized]
- CTRMN005240-5241 Dr. Howard B. Andervont Named to the Scientific Advisory Board [Editor of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute Appointed]
- CTRMN005242-5277 Tobacco Industry Group Awards $817,165 for Health Research [37 Additional Research Grants Have Been Awarded by the Ctr]
- CTRMN005278-5282 Scientific Director C.C. Little Reports Decade of Tobacco-Health Research [Findings on What Diseases Smoking Can Cause]
- CTRMN005283-5286 Council Awards $500,000 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded for Tobacco Use and Health Research]
- CTRMN005287-5291 Summary of the Testimony of Clarence C. Little Before the Senate Commerce Committee [Discussion on Cancer and How It Affects Our Bodies]
- CTRMN005292-5319 Council Awards $514,767 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded to Scientist Over the Period of 10 Years]
- CTRMN005320-5348 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Discussion on Cigarette Smoking Being Helpful with Causing Diseases in Smokers]
- CTRMN005349-5367 Tobacco and Health Research Awards Pass $9 Million Total [Grants Given to Scientist Studying Matter Related to Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005368-5375 Tobacco-Health Research Grants Awarded New York Scientists [Scientists Approved to Continue Research on Lung Cancer and Other Diseases]
- CTRMN005376-5382 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Studies of the Respiratory System in Experimental Animals and Human Patients Especially on Causes of Pulmonary Cancers]
- CTRMN005383-5384 [Opinions of Scientists That There Is No Relationship Between Smoking and Disease]
- CTRMN005385-5387 New Tobacco-Health Research Grants Total $2 Million [Number of Approved Grants for Studies on Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005388-5388 Furst Becomes Consultant to Tobacco Research Council [Dr. Furst Advise to Council on Programs Sponsored by Them]
- CTRMN005389-5393 Studies Raise Questions About Smoking As Health Hazard [Numerous Studies Done to Show What Effect Smoking Had on Our Health]
- CTRMN005394-5400 Broad Review of Tobacco-Health Picture Covered in Dr. Little's Latest Report Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Chronic Pulmonary Ailments Are Complex in Nature, Says Noted Researcher Genetic and Environmental Factors May Be Involved Reports Scientific Director of Council for Tobacco Research [Recent Research Finding on Lung Cancer, Heart Disease and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005401-5404 Significant Smoking-Health Finding Covered in Report by Dr. C.C. Little [Findings From Independent Scientists on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005405-5408 New Tobacco-Health Grants Announced; One Helps Revive Framinghan Heart Study [Awards Granted to Independent Scientists Researching Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005409-5412 New Scientific Findings About Cancer, Heart Disease, the Lung, Other Areas, Reported by Council for Tobacco Research [New Findings From Independent Scientists Relating to Tobacco and Health Issue]
- CTRMN005413-5415 New Smoking-Health Studies Boost Total to $23-Million [Council Awards More Grants to the Study of Lung Cancer, Viruses and Cancer, Heart Disease, and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005416-5418 Progress in Tobacco-Health Research Achieved: Machines That Simulate Human Smoking [Machines to Help Scientists Effectively Study Smoke and Health Issues]
- CTRMN005419-5421 Noted Cancer Scientist Named Scientific Director of the Council for Tobacco Research [Dr. Hockett Who Was Acting Scientific Director Got Promoted to Research Director]
- CTRMN005422-5425 Massive Cancer Study Using Made-to-Order Mice [Study Using Mice to See If Human Lung Cancer Can Be Induced Regularly]
- CTRMN005426-5427 Tobacco Research Group Announces New Studies [12 New Studies Have Been Funded to Study Generic Factors in Lung Cancer and Emphysema and the Possible Influence of Nicotine on Fetal Growth]
- CTRMN005428-5429 Studies of Twins Expanded by Tobacco Research Group [Human Twins Used for Study to Determine Effects of Environment Agents on Various Diseases]
- CTRMN005430-5432 News About Smoking and Health Study Interaction of Genetic and External Influences in Lung Cancer [Studies Show That Only Minority of Smokers Get Lung Cancer Therefore Lung Cancer May Be Caused by Genetic Characteristics or External Influences Which People Have Been Exposed]
- CTRMN005433-5434 New Smoking and Health Grants Made by Tobacco Research Council [New Studies Have Received Grants to Continue Researching on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005435-5435 Yeaman Assumes Leadership of Council for Tobacco Research [Addison Yeaman Succeeds H.H. Ramm for Chairman and President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005436-5438 14 New Studies Funded by Tobacco Research Council [Grants Awarded to Studies for Inhibition of Cancer by Different Chemicals, the Influence of Nicotine on Pregnancy and the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Body's Disease Fighting System]
- CTRMN005439-5441 Progress Being Made in Research on Emphysema [Scientist Discover Ways to Help Defend Against Emphysema]
- CTRMN005442-5444 14 New Smoking-Health Projects Are Approved [Recent Research Studies Dealing with Smoking and Health Have Been Given Grants]
- CTRMN005445-5446 Grants Awarded for New Smiking-Health Studies [Scientists Were Approved for Studying of Certain Enzymes in Human Lung Cancer and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005447-5448 Tobacco Research Report Discusses Heart Disease [Studies Have Found Progressive Atherosclerosis Rank First As Number One As Causes of Death From Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005449-5451 Grants Awarded for New Smoking-Health Research [New Studies Have Been Approved for Marker Substance That May Indicate Presence of Lung Cancer and on Smoking and Pregnancy]
- CTRMN005452-5453 Tobacco Research Group Funds New Smoking-Health Projects [A New Study for Relationship of Childhood Respiratory Disease to the Development of Adult Chronic Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005454-5455 Tobacco Research Group Reports... Funds for Smoking-Health Studies Pass $46,000,000 [Amount Council Has Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005456-5458 $5.9 Millions Given for Smoking-Healths Studies [Council Has Given Millions Over the Years to Researchers]
- CTRMN005459-5460 Tobacco Research Group Says... Continued Research Needed to Find Causes of Cancer and Other Major Diseases [Council Pledges to Continue to Give Financial Support to Scientists Studying Smoke-Health Issues]
- CTRMN005461-5462 $6 Million Granted for Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Given to Scientist for Further Study]
- CTRMN005463-5465 Tobacco Research Group Continues Funding for Independent Scientists [Council Has Provided Millions Over the Years to Researchers and Will Continue to Do So]
- CTRMN005466-5467 $5.5 Million Given for Smokin-Health Studies [Council Has Given Millions to New and on Going Studies Over the Years]
- CTRMN005468-5469 Annual Report Issued by Tobacco Research Group [Over 1.5882 Reports From Scientists Acknowledging Support From the Council Have Been Published]
- CTRMN005470-5473 $6 Million Awarded for 34 New Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Were Given to Scientists with New Studies and Continuing Ones From the Council]
- CTRMN005474-5474 Ctr's Latest Report Sets Abstract Record [More Reports Were Published From Scientists Acknowledgingg Support From Council for Tobacco Research Than Any Other Report Published in the Past]
- CTRMN005475-5475 Scientists Show... Growing Interest in Doing Smoking and Health Studies [Growing Number of Application Have Gone to the Council of Tobacco Research for Funding on Smoke Related Diseases]
- CTRMN005476-5479 $7 and A Half -Million Awarded for Smoking-Health Research [Millions Given to Scientists for Studying Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005480-5481 Council for Tobacco Research Announces... Hoyt and Hockett Retire After 30 Years: Gertenbach Is Named New President [Introduction to President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005482-5482 Ctr's Annual Report Sets Abstract Record [the Number of Reports Acknowledging Support by the Council of Tobacco Research Is More Today Than It Was Years Ago]
- CTRMN005483-5485 Findings Published on Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Study with Mice [Results From Study Show That Smoke Did Not Produce Any Squamous Cell Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005486-5525 Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, Tobacco Industry Research Committee, at Press Conference, University Club, New York City, June 15, 1954 [Regarding Relationship Between Lung Cancer and Tobacco]
- CTRMN005526-5533 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's First Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Experiments That Show That Cigarette Smoking Increases Chances for Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005534-5541 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's Second Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Issue That Cigarette Smoke Does Not Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005542-5562 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Regarding Continuation of Study Dealing with Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005563-5573 A Report of Progress [Results From the Study of Smoking and Health Issue Will Greatly Depend on Well Planned and Well-Executed Scientific Research]
- CTRMN005574-5585 Tobacco and the Cardiovascular System the Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Program Strives to Discover Facts and Relationships Described with Objectivity]
- CTRMN005586-5597 A Search for Facts [Regarding Information Needed to Be Gathered on Smoking and Health Problems to Defend Industry]
- CTRMN005598-5605 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Discussion on Different Studies Will Continue to Be Made Until A Answer Is Found]
- CTRMN005606-5607 Cancer Research Guest Editorial Smoking and Lung Cancer Volume 16 [St Regarding Support Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005608A-5609 "Correspondence Regarding "Smoking and Health"" [Discussion on Researching on Tobacco and Health with Objectivity and Not Be Judgmental]
- CTRMN005608B-5609 Hypfibrinogenemia [Regarding Transfusions and Clotting Mechanism in A Case of Extraordinarily Delayed Post-Partum Hemorrhage]
- CTRMN005608C-5609 Diabetic Children [Admitting Omission of Different Data From Other Sources]
- CTRMN005608D-5609 Revocation of Licenses [Revoking of Registration From Dr. Louis A. Scinta]
- CTRMN005610A-5613 Mayo Clinic Head Believes Smoking Not Cancer Cause Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Smoking Not Believed to Be Cause of Lung Cancer, According to Some Noted Physicians]
- CTRMN005610B-5613 Six Experts State Doubts on Smoking-Cancer Theory Tell Congressmen Reasons for Position Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Reasons for Not Accepting Theory That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610C-5613 New Book Says Tobacco 'scare' Not Justified Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [""Science Looks at Smoking"]
- CTRMN005610D-5613 Editors View Smoking-Cancer Tie As Unproved, Open Question Excerpts From Editorials Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Excessive Smoking Probably the Main Cause of Lung Cancer, While Moderate Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer Has No Scientific Support]
- CTRMN005610E-5613 British Scientist Opposes Campaign Against Smoking Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Sir Ronald Fisher, British Statistician, Refuses to Produce Anti-Smoking Writing, States It As A Cause for Anxiety]
- CTRMN005610F-5613 'pick Your Expert, Take Your Choice' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Witnesses Linking Cigarettes to Lung Cancer Testify Before House Operations Sub-Committee]
- CTRMN005610G-5613 'still Open Question' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Authorities on Cancer State That Smoking Is Not Proven to Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610H-5613 Smoking and Death Rates Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [If Everyone Stopped Smoking There Would Be No Significant Change in Death Rate]
- CTRMN005614-5616 Summary of Comments for Delivery Before: Central Subsection, North Jersey Section, American Chemical Society, Elizabeth, New Jersey [Review of the Chemical Analysis of Cigarette Smoke and Investigations of Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005617-5620 the Public and Smoking Fear or Calm Deliberation? [How Doubt, Suspicion and Fear May Affect the Deliberation of Whether Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer or Other Ailments]
- CTRMN005621A-5624 TIRC Reports Progress in Smoking-Health Research Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Too Many Unknowns Exist Concerning Lung Cancer to Warrant Conclusions Citing Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621B-5624 'tar' Misnomer for Condensed Smoke Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Difficulties in Analyzing Tobacco Smoke Make Tobacco Tar A Misnomer]
- CTRMN005621C-5624 New Statistics Contradict Anticigarette Theory Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Cigarette Smoking May Be Compatible with Normal Health Report on Done Smokers Who Have Longer That Average Life Span]
- CTRMN005621D-5624 TIRC Funds for Smoking Research Now Over $2,000,000 Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Scientific Advisory Board Approves 52 Grants and Renewals in 1957 Totalling $550,000]
- CTRMN005621E-5624 Press Questions Anti-Smoking Plan Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [State-Supported Campaign Against Cigarettes Warranted in New York]
- CTRMN005621F-5624 Study Suggests Bronchitis May Be Prime Factor in Lung Cancer Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Preliminary Study at Beatty Institute Favors Bronchitis As A Factor of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621G-5624 Doctors' Comments on Smoking-Health Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Increasing Number of New Chemicals in the Atmosphere at Fault for Rise in Cancer]
- CTRMN005621H-5624 Nation-Wide Lung Tissue Study Now Being Evaluated Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [TIRC Studying Lung Tissues From 1,600 Persons]
- CTRMN005625-5648 Biological Aspects of Cancer Research Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 30, No. 3 [St Background Research and New Information on Cancer Studies]
- CTRMN005649-5654 Interview the Cigaret Smoker and Lung Cancer Reprinted From Modern Medicine, Vol 26 [St Advises on Smoking and Its Relation to Health]
- CTRMN005655-5660 Comments on the Mortality of Smokers and Non-Smokers. A Paper by Harold W. Dorn Before the American Statistical Association Dec. 27, 1958 [Reflections on Figures Presented in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005661-5671 An Experimentalist Looks at Statistics on Smoking [Reflections on the Figures in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005672-5672 Letters to the Times Findings on Smoking [Statistical Proof of Link Between Smoking and Cancer Denied]
- CTRMN005673-5683 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Review of Data Known on the Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005684-5686 Cancer-the Research Approach [Discussion on Cancer and A Category of Factors Which May Play Roles in Cause and Development of Cancer]
- CTRMN005687-5692 [Address Before the Burley and Dark Leaf Tobacco Export Association, Inc. Information About the Research Program Supported by the TIRC]
- CTRMN005693-5697 Some Phases of the Problem of Smoking and Lung Cancer the New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 264 No. 24 [St Disputes Findings That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005698-5704 Some Aspects of the Lung Cancer Problem Reprinted From Punjab Medical Journal Vol. Xi No. 7 [St Discussion of Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005705-5735 Current Knowledge of Tobacco and Health [Discussion of Experimental Attack on Lung Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005736-5739 Cigarettes-Why More Research? Reprinted From the Yale Scientific Magazine [St Comments on the Uncertainties of the Correlations Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005740-5740 Why Do People Think That Quitting Smoking Affects Their Appetite or Their Weight? the Apothecary [St Comments on the Scientific Basis of How Smoking Affects Hunger]
- CTRMN005741-5754 Address to Be Delivered by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. At A Dinner Honoring the Centennial of the University of Kentucky and the Burley Tobacco Industry Lexington, Kentucky January 12, 1965 [Talk Addressing Research Programs of the University of Kentucky]
- CTRMN005755-5772 Communications and the Biological Sciences [Brief Discussion of Principles That Should Inspire and Guide Communications in the Biological Sciences]
- CTRMN005773-5785 Perspectives in the Experimental Approach to the Human Lung Cancer Problem [Experimental Research on Lung Tumors in Animals May Lead to Insights on Human Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005786-5798 Tobacco and Health Research [Elaboration on the Purpose, Research Practices and Studies of the TIRC]
- CTRMN005799-5805 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Experimental Studies by the TIRC Concerning Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005806-5813 the Research Perspective on Smoking and Health [Discussion on the Search for Causes of Diseases with Which Smoking Has Been Associated]
- CTRMN005814-5820 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Studies on Cigarettes and the Diseases Statistically Associated with Smoking]
- CTRMN005821-5834 Tobacco and Health Research - Where Shall We Go From Here? [Suggestions for Continuing Studies and Research on Cigarette Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005835-5852 A Look Ahead Smoking and Health - Where Do We Stand? [Talk on Chronic Diseases and Factors of Their Causation and Development in Relation to Cigarette Smoking]
- CTRMN005853-5854 Smoking-Disease Links Continue to Lack Scientific Proof [Discusses the Role of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005854-5854 Lawrence Promoted to Vp Post at Mmi [Jack Riddle Announces the New Vp of Micro-Magnetic Industries]
- CTRMN005854A-5854 Philip Morris Expands Promotional Allowances [Discusses Special Offers Made to Philip Morris Vendors]
- CTRMN005855-5882 Chapter 3 the Tobacco Health Issue: An Overview of Medical Research [St Questions Methodology of Experiments Where the Sole Objective Was the Attempt to Induce Tumors]
- CTRMN005883-5900 the Research Program (Cancer Segment) of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Presentation Before the Tobacco Working Group [Describes the Concept, Plan, and Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005901-5902 Smoking Prevention Education Act Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 [Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN005903-5919 [Regarding Anti-Smoking Bill]
- CTRMN005920-5931 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 March 9 and 17, 1983 Serial No. 98-8 Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding H.R. 1824 [Disputes Findings Set Forth in H.R. 1824 Regarding Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005932-5932 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 May 5 and 12, 1983 [Concerning Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act of 1983]
- CTRMN005933-5940 Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers, M.D., Consultant in Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y. [Comments on Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act]
- CTRMN005941-5963 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 to Promote Public Health by Improving Public Awareness of the Health Consequences of Smoking and to Increase the Effectiveness of Federal Health Officials in Investigating and Communicating to the Public Necessary Health Information, and for Other Purposes Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding S. 772 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments Which Expose Animals to Smoke]
- CTRMN005964-6009 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Seventh Congress Second Session on H.R. 5653 and H.R. 4957 March 5, 11, and 12, 1982 Serial No. 97-106 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments to Demonstrate That Cigarette Smoking Can Cause Lung Cancer in Animals]
- CTRMN006010-6012 Testimony of Dr. Robert C. Hockett During Hearing on Cigarette Smoking and Health Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, October 5, 1978 [Responds to Question Regarding Research on Health and Smoking]
- CTRMN006013-6023 Statement of Robert C. Hockett, Ph.D. Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in Response to the Letter Dated September 27, 1978 From the Chairman of the Subcommittee to William U. Gardner, Ph.D., Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc [Discusses the Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN006024-6069 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States Senate Ninety-Fourth Congress Second Session on S. 2902 February 19, March 24, and May 27, 1976 [Disputes Scientific Basis of S. 2902]
- CTRMN006070-6125 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United State Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 Serial No. 92-82 [Discussion of Cigarette-Smoking and Peptic Ulcers]
- CTRMN006126-6135 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN006136-6189 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 February 1, 5, and 10, 1972 [Discusses Edimeological Comparisons Between Smokers and Non-Smokers]
- CTRMN006190-6200 [Bibliography Listing Over 1,275 Articles and Books About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006201-6311 [Articles About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006312-6321 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006322-6348 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Robert Casad Hockett]
- CTRMN006349-6359 Hearings Before the Consumer Committee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statements of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers and Dr. Robert C. Hockett]
- CTRMN006360-6370 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [References Reporting on Tobacco and Nicotine]
- CTRMN006371-6412 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress First Session on H.R. 643 A Bill to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act with Respect to the Labeling of Packages of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes (and Similar Bills) [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006413-6492 Hearings Before the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on S. 559 and S. 547 Bills to Regulate Labeling of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes [Statement of Dr. Clarence C. Little]
- CTRMN006493-6533 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of the Council for Tobacco Research U.S.A. History and Organization]
- CTRMN006534-6540 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Clarence Cook Little, SC.D.]
- CTRMN006541-6548 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Robert Casad Hockett, Ph.D.]
- CTRMN006549-6577 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little]
- CTRMN006578-6611 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement Concerning the Origin and Purpose of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee and Its Proposed Functions]
- CTRMN006612-6614 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory]
- CTRMN006615-6618 Research Into Smoking and Health [Arguments Against Tobacco Cancer Link]
- CTRMN006619-6623 [Study to Examine Reported Causes of Death in Each of 17 Regions in Houston Specifically the Five Major Respiratory Diseases]
- CTRMN006624-6624 A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers [Industry Promotes Research Into Tobacco Disease Link]
- CTRMN006625-6625 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Board of Directors [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006626-6627 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Scientific Advisory Board [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006628-6634 No. E-121,486 I. D. Rogers, Individually and As Independent Executor of the Estate of Marjorie Helen Rogers, Deceased; Et Al Vs. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Et Al in the District Court of Jefferson County, Texas 172nd Judicial District Third Amended Notice of Intention to Take Oral Deposition [Matters on Which Ctr Witnesses Must Be Knowledgeable]
- CTRMN006635-6967 Deposition of Dr. James Glenn [Deposition of Glenn in the Matter of Broin]
- Author
- Hobbs, W.D., Ctr
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REPORT
of
.THE COUNCIL FOR '
TOBACCO RESEARCH-IJ.S.A., Inc.
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SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY IIOARD
to The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc.
as of December 31, 1981
LEON O. JACOBSON. M.D., Chairman
Joseph Regenstein Professor of Biulogical Scirnces (emeritus)
l'ro/rssw of the I)rpartnrent of Medicine (emeritus)
University of Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
RICf fARD J. BING, M.D.
Dirrr7or of E.cprrimental Cardiology and Scientific Drvrlopmcnt
Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, California
l'ro/%%arr of Medicine (emeritus)
University of Southern California School of Medicine
Los Angeles. California
ROSWELL K. BOUTWELL, Ptt.D.
Professor of Oncology
McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
University of Wisconsin
Madison. Wisconsin
DRUMMOND 11. BOWDEN, M.D.
Professor and Nrad
Department of Pathology
University of Manitoba Health Sciences Center
Winnipeg. Canada
MICHAEL J. BRENNAN. M.D.
President and Mrdical Director
Michigan Cancer Foundation
Detroit, Michigan
JOSEPff D. FELDMAN, M.D.
Member. Research Institute of Scripps Clinic
Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation
La lolla, California
WILLIAM U. GARDNER. Ptt.D.
F. K. Hunt Professor of Anatomy (emeritus)
Yale Universtty School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
ROBERT J. HUEBNER, M.D.
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland
HENRY T. LYNCH, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
Cteighton University School of Medicine
Omaha, Nebraska
HANS MEIER, D.V.M., Dr. Med. Vet., M.R.S.H.
Senior Staff Scientist
The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine
GORDON H. SATO, Ptt.D.
1'roJrssor o/ Biology
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
SIIE:f.DON C. SOMMERS
.Scirnrihc Director, The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc.
Clinical Professor of Pathology
College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University
New York, New York
Scientific Staff of The Council
SHELDON C. SOMMERS, M.D.
Scientific Director
ROBERT C. HOCKETT, Ptt.D.
Research Director
DONALD H. FORD, Ptt.D. VINCENT F. LISANTI, D.M.D.
Associatr Research Dirrclor Associate Research Director
DAVID STONE, Pn.D.
Associate Research Director
r
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Abstracts of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cancer-Related Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Heart and Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Neuropharmacology and Physiology . . . . . . . . . 63
Pharmacology and Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . 71
immunolory and Adaptive Mechanisms . . . . . . . 88
Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5
Active Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IGO
Completed Pro jects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Index of Principal Investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Index of Senior Authors . . . . . . . . . . 123
HANS MEIER
1929-19a 1
Ilans M.cicr, a memhcr of the Scientific Advisory Iloard for ten
ycar.. died May 14. Hc had hccn a tienior Statf Scientist at The lack-
.un f.:daratr.ry in It:rr Ilartxwr. Maine, which he joined in 1962, and
a ron.ullanl tu the Natirmrl Cancer Institute since 1970. Hans was a
di.tinKui.h.d cancer rrsxarcher with a special interest in viroloEy, a
lictd in which hc attaitkd yn international reputation. Qu:et and soft
sIxd.rn, hc had great warrr.th nd empathy and an appreciative sense
ul humor. Ile cuntnhracd wiscly and unsel6shty to the efforts of the
Srientific Advi.ory ttuard and, in his own Lboralory, worked long and
Ir.ud lur the rewlutiim of one of mankind's major killer diseases. He
will he m6.ed as a person and a xe:entisr.
a
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Introduction
....~ ~
a
The rrsearch prnXram of the Council for Tobacco RescarchU S.A. moved
ahead steaJily in 19tt t with thc emphasis continuing to he directed toward
gaining adJitionrl knowledge of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and chronic
pulmonary ailmcntc. '1 he Scientific Advisory Board to the Council closely
reviewed +cores ol applicalions from independent invesligaton for research
snprmut, and by yenr's end the number of original grams approved by the
Council had risen to 7X9. Council lunding for the research program since its
inccption m+w stands at more than $69.000,000.
Grant recipients puhli.hed 144 documents in 19R1 that acknowledged
Councd suppkat; the total of such publications is now 2,026. Abstracts of
the t9M1 puhlications are includarl in this report.
ticveral chrnges nccurrcJ in thc composition of the Advisory Board dur-
ing the year. Ilam I.. Meier. D.V.M., died in May. William U. Gardner.
resigned rs ticicnti/ic Director of the Council but remains a member
of the Itorrd. He w:r. succceded as Scientific Director by Sheldon C. Sommers.
M.1)., a tung-timc nxmhcr who had been Chairman of the Advisory Board.
%uccecJing Dr. tiumrncrs as Chairman was Leon 0. Jacobson. M.D., a Board
member since 1954. Robert 1. Huebner, M.D.. became a memher emeritus at
the end ot I9HI.
'1 wu more JistinguisheJ scientists joined the Board. They were Drvm-
mrnid tl. Ilowden, M.1)., Professor and }lead of the Department of Pathology
at ,he University of Manitoha Ilealth Sciences Center in Winnipeg. Canada,
and Michael 1. Brennan. M.D.. PresiJent and Medical Director of the Mich-
igan C'ancer f'oundation in Detroit.
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Abstracts of Reports
FOllowing are ab.tncts, approved by the authon, of reports on new
research acknowledging support from The Council that have appeared in scien-
tific journals since publication of the 1980 Report. The name of the recipient
is in italics.
The abstracts are grouped under these headinas: 1. Cancer-Related Studies.
II. The Rcspiratory Systcm, III..Heart and Circulation, IV. Neuropharmacology
and 1'hysiology, V. Pharmacology and Biochemistry, VI. Immunology and
Adaptive Mechanisms, V11. Epidemiology.
1. Canccr-Related Studitr
FAMILInI.CAN('I:R IN AN ONCOLOOY CLINIC
Knowledge of hereditary cancer syndrome identiRcaiion, often based
upon tmnor profi)cs, age of onset and tumor distribution within the kindred,
aid significantly in the diagnosis of cancer. As reported here, all cancer pa-
ticnts (565) treated at the Creighton University Oncology Clinics between
June 1978 and April 1980 were entered into a prospective family history
a.ccrtainnunt prouwol. '/bis consisted of an initial evaluation by a registered
nursc utiliring both questionnaire and personal interview. The initial assess-
nient yielded 199 (35.Sryo ) families with two more family members with
cancer (all sites) within an informative nuclear component, which constituted
parcnts, grandparcn,s, aunls/uncles, sib)ings, and children. One or more of
the opcrational criteria for cancer (arniliality, namely vertical transmission of
canccr, bilatcrality, and/or multiple primaries, early age of onset, and three
or more site specific cancen, were found on physician review in 171 (30.5%)
of the familics. This group was referred for comprehensive cancer genetic
evaluation concisting of pedigree extension and tumor verification through
all second degree and, when possible, third degree relatives. It was determined
that approximately 470 of the total clinic population demonstrated findings
compatible with hereditary cancer syndromes. The universal extension of these
survci))ance mcthods in clinical practice is highly recommended here.
Albano, W. A.. f.ynrb, If. T., Recabaren, 1. A., Organ, C. N., Mailliard, J. A..
Illack, 1.. 1:., I'ollett, K. L., and Lynch, 1.
Cancrr 47(9):211J-2118,1981.
Other ar.pport: Fraternal Order of [agles.
from the Inaitute for Familial Cancer Management and Control. Inc., and
the Ikpartment of Sorgcry and Preventive Medicine. Crcighton University
School of Medicine, Omrha, Neb.
9
!'AM11.IA1. HR):AST CANCER AND I'TS RECOGNITION IN AN
ONCOI.OGY CLINIC
This paper focvses attention upon in-depth clinicopathologic studies of
breast caneer-prane families wherein cancers of all anatomic sites were cri-
tieally assessed in conlest with genealugy. For this study. family history of
cancer was es'aluated for 79 breast cancer probands from among a series of
curnatiynively ascertained cancer patients undergoing treatment in the ('reigh-
ton-St. )oseph's Oncology Clinic. Cancer prevalence for each family was quan-
tificd by u.ing a statistic that accotmts for variable size and age structure
among families. To test the null hypothesis that cancer risk is independent
of family membenhip, the distribution of this statistic for families in their
original configuration was compared with the distributions observed when
relatives were randomly assigncd to families in 99 random permutations of
family membership. The results indicated significant heterogeneity for cancer
risk among relatives of breast cancer probands, which sugbksts that the isola-
tion of high risk families can provide a meaningful resource for in-depth
studies in breast cancer geneties. The atudy of breast cancer-prone families
harbors a powerful potential for better comprehension of nechanisms of car-
cinogenesis and the development of novel pursuits toward improved cancer
control.
l.ynrh, H. T. rr a1.
Cancer 47(1 I ):27J0-27)9, 199 1.
OOther support: Fraternal Order of Eagles.
From the Creighton University School of Medicine. Omaha. Neb.
ROUTINE CYTODIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY MALIGNANCII-S
Material routinely suctioned from the tracheal tube of patients under
general endotracheal anesthesia for surgery is normally discarded. In this
study, however, the suctioned secretions from 10,621 such patients were pre-
served, and later examined microscopically. Among these specimens. 1I cy-
tologically abnormal smears were obtained from subjects with unsuspectcd
pulmonary involvement, an incidence slightly more than 1:1.000. The accu-
racy of this method was assessed by calculation of the percent of abnormal
smears obtained from patients with prediagnosed hronchogenie carcinomas:
409's when suctioned material was immediately spread on slides, and 6790
when cellular concentration was achieved by mucolysis followed by filtration
or centrifugation. In addition, by using this technique, a wide variety of cyto-
morphologic and cytochemical changes in tracheobronchial cytology of both
intrinsic and extrinsic origin were discovered, changes which otherwise would
have been missed. Although routine cytologic screening of 311 patients ttndcr-
going general endorraeheal anesthesia is not advocated here, it does seem
possible that this method could prove beneficial for the early diagnocis of
malignant neoptasms in a population at risk.
('hadnn, !A et ol.
Arrhivrr o/ Parholuxy d Lohorarory Mrrlirinr 105:11-14, 1991.
OOther ar.pport: U. S. Public Health Service.
From the (kpartment of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Cen-
ter, New York.
ARE TUMOR MARKERS USEFUL IN DIAGNOSING LUNG CANCER?
Hecanse it has been noted that many lung tumors have a long tatency
period and a slow growth rate, the idea has been advanced that biochemical
markers-hormones and other metabolic products of tumors-might reveal the
presence of malignant disease at a very early stage and thus improve the sur-
vival ratio. The paper presented here describes some of these marker systems
and evaluates them. In one case, armed with a precise and simple assay sys-
tem, investigators tested the hypothesis that elevations in peptide hormone
concentrations in bloixl might he a sensitive indieator of the presence of a
tumor. These and other studies have revealed many interesting endocrinologic
intcractinns, hut unfartunately have not provided a suAiciently reliable and
sensitive early marker of tumor presence. There are several other substanees
which have been found to be present in abnormally high amounts in the blood
or urine of paticnts with bronchial carcinoma. Some are produets of the neo-
plaslic cclls themselves and thus represent true tumor marken. Carcinoem-
bryonic actigen is the best studied and most interesting of these substances.
Aryl hydrtwarhnn hydroxylase and free sccretory component of immunoglohu-
lin A studies are also touched upon hcre. From a different facet of early de-
tection, ffuorescent bronchoscopy shows promise as a means of very early
anatomic identification of lung tumon when the tumors are curable surgically
but not detectable by traditional methods.
Merrill, W. W. and Rrynoldf, 11. Y.
Tlrrlonrnaf of Respiratory ntrraars 2:44-SJ, 198 1.
OOther nrpport: Charles F. C'ulpepper Foundation.
From the Department of Medicine and Internal Medicine, Yale University
School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
REASSF.SSMENT OF TME RF.l.AT1ONSHIP DETWEEN ARYI.
IiYDRO('ARiSON HYDROXYLASE AND LUNG CANCER
In this study of the relatiunship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
(AIfII) and lung cancer. AHII levels were evaluated in mitogen-activated
lymphocytes cullured with 'and without the inducer benzanthracene in tM
medium, and in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) that were freshl)
IavaRed from 114 cigarette smokers, 6) with and 31 without lung cancer.
Considered separately, neither lymphocyte AHFI nor PAM AHH )eveh were
distinctly differcnt in either nuncancer or lung cancer patients. However, when
10 11
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consvlereil simoltanernnly, lymphocyte anJ macrophage AIIH Iavcls were
quite di/ferent in twncancer and lung cancer patients. The lung cancer paticm
group was seen to contain a significantly higher percentage of persons witl.
high kvels of AIIH than did an age-matched grcNtp of noncanccr patients.
Frorn another vicw, results of this study showed a 1:1 correlation of PAM
and lymphoryte AHH levels in noncancer patients and an abscnce of correlation
of thc trssue AHN levels in lung cancer patients. Overalt, it scems, on the
basis of the work presented here, that single-tissue AHH anrlyses are not ade-
quate for evaluation of AHH activity in lung cancer populations.
McLemore. T. L., Martin, R. R., Wray, N. P., Cantrcll, E. T., and Buabee, D. L.
C'anrrr 411(6) :14311-144), 1981.
Ozber aapport: National Institutes of Health, American Cancer Society and
the Veterans Administration Hospital. Houston.
From the Department of Medicine, Daytor Collcge of Medicinc, Ilouston
Veterans Administration Hosptal, Nouston; Department of Phannacology,
Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Worth; and Genetics Center
and lkpartnknt of Biological Sciences, North Texas State University, Denton.
A MFTHOD FOR DETECTING ARYL HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITIES IN CRYOPRESERVED HUMAN
LYMPHOCYTES
A standard procedure for the fre.zing, thawing and culluring of cryod preserved human lymphocytcs is
presented here. Using this methixl, three
parameters-aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, NADH-dependcnt
cytochrome c reductase (cyt c) activity, and 1.1111 thymidine ('If=1'dR) in-
corporation-were monitored in human lymphocytes cryoprescrved for periods
up to one year. The kinetics for expression of benz(nlanthr.iccne-(BA)-in-
duced AHH activity, cyt c adivity and 'N-TdR incorporation were similar in
freshly cultured and cryopreserved cells. For this study, lymphocyte samples
from 10 individuals were collected once a month during a three-month period
and cells were either cultured at time of donation or cryopreserved for later
assay. Results indicated that the cryopreserved lymphocytes efficiently re-
sporKkd to mitogen activation. The intn-individual variation in A11H activ.
ities was reduced in the cryopreserved lymphocytes compared to the freshly
cultured cells, and the relative ranking of these individuals in terms of their
AHH activities remained constant for both fresh and cryopreserved samples.
It seems, therefore, that cryopreservation offers significant advantages over the
freshly cultured lymphocytes because it allows for lymphocyte samples to be
collected in diverse geographical locations and over extended periods of time
and yet permits for the culture and assay of alI the cell samples at exactly the
same time.
Kouri, R. E. n d. (Mkroblologlcal Asrodores)
Cantvr Leners 14:2940, 1981.
From the Division of Toxicology and Oncology. Microbiological Associates,
Bethesda, Md.
12
S1C:NI1'IC'AN T VARIA I ION IN MOUSf::SKIN ARYI. HYnROCARDON
I1Y1)KOXYI.AJh INDUCIBILITY AS A FUNCTION OF THE 11AIR
GRUNr111 CYCLE
Skin, which is a good biological model for the study of polycyclic hydro-
cartxm mctabolisrn, cxhibits three mujor morphological phases in the hair-
growth cycle. In earlier works, it had already been demonstrated that skin
possesses activating and dctoxifying enzynses, notably aryl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylase (AHH) and cpuxide hydrolase. For the present study, an attempt
was made to determine whether AHH activity and its inducibility varied dur-
ing the hair growth cycle and could possibly explain certain variations in skio
sensitivity of carcinogens. An easy, iapid and Improved technique for homo-
gcnizing whole skin was devised for this work. Using the new homogenizing
methcHl, it was shown that skin AHFf activity in C57BL/61 and CJFI/Ico
mice could be induced by i.p. injected or topically applied methylcholanthrene
during a defined period of the hair growth cycle. I.r., between the Rth and
14111 days after depilation (Stage 6 of the anagen phase). In each experi-
mental moJcl, there was an optimal mc,hylcholanthrene concentration which
yielded a maximum induction. Topical methylcholanthrene was atso respon-
ciblc for a sntaller Altll induction when the chemical was applied the same
day that the club hairs were plucked. On the other band, skin AHH activity
was never induced by niethylcholanthrene in DBA/21 mice, a genetically non-
responsive strain. Frum a toxicological point of view, the fact that skin AHH
activity could only he induced by polycyclic hydrocarbons at a certain time
during the hair growth cycle of a genetically responsive strain might be of
great importance.
Manil, 1.., Van Cantfort, 1., Lapiere, C. M., and Cirlrn, l. E.
Ilritirlt lournul of Cunctr 4):210-221, 1981.
From the Lahoratoire de Dermatologie and Laboratoire de Chimie MEdicale,
Institut de 1'athologie. UniversitE de Li2ge, Litge, Belgium.
CYTCX'IIROMI: P-450 MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN
AND RAT 1-IVER MICROSOMES
Only limited data are available at the present time on the biochemical
propcrties ol' the human enzymes. However, recent studies have shown that
suitable liver samples could be obtained from kidney transplant donon, and
the micruuimes used in this study were prepared from human livers acquired
from renal donors of various ages and both sexes. Their drug-metabolizing
capacity was measured and compared to that of rat liver microsomes. The
following parameters were investigated: cytochrome P-450, cytochrome bS.
NAUPHrytochromc r reductase, epoxide hydrolase, aryl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylase, henzphetamine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, ethoxyl-
coumarindl-decthylasc, steruid-t6e-hydroxylase. In addition, the metabolism
of hcnzo(n)Pyrene, progesterone, pregnenolone, testosterone, dehydroepian-
drosterone, and estradiol was studied in detail in vitro. Results showed that
the cytochrome P-450 content in the livers of the kidney transplant donors
was 10.2 - 7.9 nmol/g of tissue. It did not differ with the sex of the donor.
Comparison of the data obtained with human and rat microsomes demonstrated
qualitative and quantitative differences which varied with the parameters
13
41
studied. Overall, results of these studies indicate that the drug-metaholizing
enzyme activities (ethoxyeoumarine deethylase, Ixnzphctamine demethytase,
ryl hydrocarbon hydroxy)ase) vary as a function of the cytochrome P-450
content. The steroid hydroxylase activities do not fluctuate in a similar man-
ner. Speeifieally, this study shows that the use of (iven from kidney tnns-
plant donors is a promising too( for testing the metabolic pathway of new
drugs in man or for screening potential toxic or carcinogenic properties of
new chemicals.
Kremers, P., Beaune, P.. Crestei(, T., De Gneve, J., Columelli, S., Leroux,
J. P., and Ciefre, !. E.
Erropten lowrnd of eioeAemixrr I 1 g:599-606, 198 1.
Other wpporrr Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique MEdicate (Belgium).
Frmm the Laboratoire de Chirnie Midicale. Imtitut de Pathotogil. Universitf
de Litge, Li2ge, Bel=ium, and Facultf de MEdicine, Itopilal Necker-Enfants
Malades, Patis, France.
ONTOGENIC DEVELOPMENT OF STEROID 16 n-IIYDROXYI.ASE AS
A TOOL FOR THE STUDY OF THE MULTIPLICITY OF
CYTOCHROME P-450
This study followed the evolution of steroid 16 s-hydroxylase in the rat
liver from birth to adulthood. To do Ihis, the quantitative and qualitative
properties of the steroid-htumone-metabolizing system during the period of
ontogenic development of the animal were investigated and compared to
those of Ihe adult monooxygenase system. In the beginning, activities of
progesterone, testosterone, pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrostcrone 16 ,r-hy-
droxylaae were undetectable in the fetal rat liver. During the neonatal period,
however, the four enzymic activities increased in parallel to the concentration
of eytoehronx P-450. Until puberty, they developed similarly in male and
female rat livers. From the 40th to the 55th day, the four steroid 16 n-hy-
droxylase activities increased rapidly in lhe male rat liver, but not in the
female. The sexual diRerentiation of the steroid 16 e-hydroxylation observed
here took place around the 55th day. When the adult rat liver was studicd,
' steroid 16 s-hydroxylase was supported by two forms of cytochrome P-450
~ (forms I and )1) which diRered in their relative affinities for the various
v steroid substrates and by their relative proportions in male and female rat
~ livers. The transition from the immature to the adult rrpartition of the two
forms occurred during puberty and was correlated with the sexual diReren-
~ tiation of the steroid 16 w-hydroxylase activities. In another phase of this
.~i
~
.'~
study, the in vitro interactions between benzo(n)pyrcne and steroids were
eompared during the critical phases of the rat ontogenic development.
Puleau, F.. Kolodzici, C., Krcmer, P., and Glrlrn, l. E.
European lorrnd of elochrmUrry 120:213-220, 1981.
Other support: Fonds de Ia Reeherehe Seientiflque Mfdicale (Belgium).
From the Laboratoire de Chemie Midicale. Institut de Pathologie. UniversilE de
Litge, Litge, Belgium.
('OMI'1'T1fION AKIW1iliN AIiN7_O(a)PYRENEAND VARIOUS
ti I't:RUtl)S VOR ('Y'fO('HROME P-450-DEPENDENT RAT 1-IVF:R
MONUOXYGIiNASFS
Many previouc reports have described the existence of varian types of
in virro competition between munooxygenase substrates. For the present paper,
the interaction in vitro of steroids and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was studied at
the level of two rat liver monooxygenases, steroid 16 rhydroxylase and aryl
hydrocarhon hydroxylase (AHH). The results obtained in these tests suggest
the following conclusions: (I) Steroid-16 a-hydroxy)ase is partially supported
hy a specific cytochrome P-450 form which is not inhibited in vitro by exo-
genous substracs. titcroid-16 ,rhydroxytase is completely independent from
cylochromc P,-450 (or P-44g), as it is insensitive, In virro, to ,.-naphtho-
flavune; (2) AHH is supported by two cytochrome P-450 forms: a specific
form which is inducible by mNhylcholanthrcne and inhibited ln vitro by
e-naphthoflavone, hut is insensitive to metyrapone and steroWs; and another
les specific form which is inhibited by metyrapone and steroids In vitro. It
.ccros reasimable on these grounds to sssume the existence of specific eyto-
chronte t'-450 furms that are respon.ibk for endogenora eompound melabol-
icm, or at least for hormonal steroid 16 o-hydroxylation. This observation may
pussibly he of physiological importance, as it could preserve endogenous
melaboli.m from competition due to environmental xenobiotics.
Paslcau, F.. Kremers, I'. and Girlrn, !. F..
Chrnnlro-Rinluglrul Inrrrnrtions 34 :279-2g6, 19K 1,
Other suplN.rt: 1'ondc National de la Recherche Scientifique Midicale.
From the Lalwratnirc dc C'himie Midicale. Institut de Pathologie. UnivenitE
de t.i2gc, l.iege, Belgium.
METABOLIC INACTIVATION OF MUTAGENIC BENZO(a)PYRENE
METABOLITE.S: SIGNIFICANCE TO CARCINOGENICITY AND
IMPLICATIONS FOR IN VITRO TESTS
In this very well-reasoned paper, the mutagenieity, carcinogenicity and
in vitro testing of benzo(e)pyrene (BP) are coosidered from several different
aspects. It is known that BP has a complex metabolism involving many en-
zymes and, because of this, complete metabolizing systems for the activation
of BP and its premutagenic metabolitcs were used in the bacterial muta-
genicity tests presented here. The activating systems used were freshly iso-
lated intact hepatocytes or homogenates of their cells supplemented with var-
ious cofactor systems. The compounds tested. were the carcinogens 8P and
(.-: )nans-7,tt-dihydroxy-7,g-aihydro-[lP (7,g-diol) and the very weak ear-
cinogens or tumor initiators 3-hydroxy-BP (3-Off-BP), 9-hydroxy-BP (9-Oli-
BP) and ( r )trons-9,10dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-BP (9,I0diol). (All are
strong mutagens in the Ames test.) Results of these tests showed that BP was
not mutagenic when tested directly or in the presence of hepatocyte homog-
enate. However, it became strongly mutagenie when an NADPH-generating
system was added to the hornogenate or when whole hepalocytes were used.
7 he dose-response relatiunship differed markedly under the two situations.
3-O1i-B1', 9-OH-SP and 9-10-diol were not mutagenic in the presence of
14 15
!
homogenate. However, when an NADPH-generating system was added with
the cell homogenate, mutagenic effects were observed with all three. On the
other hand, 7.8-diol was activated by both homogenized or intact hepatocytes
to a vrry potent mutagen. Overall, the results of this study show that it is
possible to activate BP and BP-metabolites to bacterial mutagens with intact
hepatocytes. The mutagenicity often is weaker and the relative potencies of
varian compounds greatly different from results obtained with NADPH-for-
tiAed cell homogenate. Aho, it was shown here that addition of cofacton of
further enzymes considerably altered mutagenicity. The alterations differed
with different test compounds and the results became more similar to results
obtained with Intact celh. When carcinogenicity was taken into account, it
was seen that use of intact hepatocytes instead of NADPll-fortifkd homog-
enate considerably improved the correlation of mulagenacity with whole ani-
mal carcinogenicity. Now, while intact hepatocytes may well not be the optimal
metabolizing system In short-term tests for carctnogenicity and mutagenicity,
this study shows that the metabolizing system can very strongly affect the
result of a test. Thercforc, if inactivation occurs !n vivo it is reasonable to
take the inactivating systems Into account also in in vitro tests.
Clatt, H. R., Ptatt, K. L, Vogel, M., Bucker, M., Biflings, R., and Oexch, F.
In: Holmstedt, B., Lauwer)n, R., Mercier, M.. and Roberfroid, M. (eds.):
Mechanirnu of Torfciry and Hazard Evduarion, Elsevier: North Holland
Biomedical Press, 1980. pp. 181-186.
From the Phartnakologisches Institut der Universitit Mainz, Federal Republic
of Germany.
RAT LIVER CYTOPLASMIC DIHYDRODIOL DEHYDROCENASE:
PURIFICATION TO APPARENT HOMOGENEITY AND PROPERTIES
In this biochemical paper, a method is described for purifying a dihy-
drodiol dehydrogenase to apparent homogeneity from the cytoplasmic frac-
tion of rat liver homogenate. Some properties of the purified preparation, and
the effect of this enzyme upon the mutagenkity of benzo(s)pyrene are also
considered here. SpeciBcally, the purification involved (NH,)-SO, fractiona-
tion, DEAEcellulose chromatography, interfacial salting-in and gel filtration
through Sephadex (3-100 superfine. The end product, which was purified over
S00-fold with a yield of about 14% when compared to rat liver 100.000 x g
supetnatant, was judged to be homogeneous by several criteria. Physical stud-
ies suggested that the protein was a monomer with a molecular weight of
35,000 assd one NADPH binding site per molecule. Amino acid analysis
showed that the enzyme had a relatively high content of acidic and neutral
amino acids in agreement with its isoelectric point. Apparent K_ values for
benzene dihydrodiol and NADP+ were found to be 2.2 mM and 7.7 pM,
respectively. Substrate specifkity studies showed that, in addition to henzene
dihydrod-al, the dehydrivgenase could oxidize acenapthenol and the 3 o-hydroxy
group of steroida. No activity was observable with a large number of other
hydroxylated steroids possaning hydroxy groups at positions 3ft. 110. 17e,
17a, 20s, 20A 21 and 22 of the steroid skeleton. Furthermore, only steroids
which contained a 3-keto group and no double bond at the A4 position were
reduced. The, and the fact that a range of nonsteroidal vicinal diols did not
scrve as suhstrates. indicates a relatively narrow substrate specificity. The role
of the enzyme in the metabolism of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons is
discussed.
Vogel, K.. Bentley, P., Platt, K-L, and Oerch, F.
The Journal o/ Bioloriral Chemistry 2SS(20):9621-9625, 1980.
From the Pharmakologisches institut der Universitiit Mainz, Federal Republic
of Germany.
f?NZYMIC IIYDROXYI.ATfON OP REN7.O(rv)PYRENL AT THE
6-POSITION RY VITAMIN K,-IIYDROPEROXIDE AND RAT
1.UN0 IIYDROPEROXIDASE
In this biochemical paper, the role of vitamin K, in the hydroxytation
of benz.o(,.)pyrene (nP) at the 6-position is correlated with the oxidative
formation of vitamin K,-hydroperoxide and its subsequent reaction with BP
in the presence of soluble rat lung hydroperoxidase. Furthermore the chem-
ical synthesis of vitamin K,-hydroperoxide and the duat inhibitory action of
thiodione (menadione-glutathione adduct) both as an aryl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylase inhibitor and hydroperoxidase inhibitor is presented here. The spea
tral characteristics of vitamin K,-hydroperoxide and the 3,6-BP dione are
also shown. It is generally known that the identification of a proximate car-
cinogen that results from the metabolism of carcinogenic polycyclic hydro-
carbons is a necessary prerequisite in order to study the mechanism of chem-
ical carcinogenesis. Studies are considered in this paper that deal with the
role of dihydrodiol epoxides of BP, cytochrome P-450-44R-independent reae-
tions, and hydroperoxidase reactions in the hydroxylation of BP at the 6-posi-
tion in chemical carcinogenesis. Spccifically, the studies reported fully here
demonstrate that the mammalian lung hydroperoxidase is capable of reacting
with potentially naturally occurring hydroperoxides, e.g., vitamin K,-hydro-
pcroxide,to form the carcinogen 6-hydroxy BP.
Sloane. N.
Xrnobiorica 11(4) :267-274, 1981.
From the Department of Diochemistry. University of Tennessee College of
Medicine, Memphis.
DIALKYLNITROSAMINE DIOACTIVATION AND CARCINOGENESIS
This mini-review presents a synopsis of studies on the mechanisms of
mnatolic activation and carcinogenesis of dialkylnitrosamines. Since the sim-
plcst and most common dialkylnitrosamine is dimethylnitrosamine (DMN),
it was studied first. The considerable number of studies that were later car-
ried out on DMN are reviewed in the first section of this paper; sections two
nd three are devoted to the actions and reactions of diethylnitrosamitses
(DEN) and methylethylnitrosamine (MEN) and higher nitrosamines. An
overall consideration of these many studies led to the conclusions that: (1)
Prior metabolic activation of nitrosamines by various oxidases to alkylating
16 17
