Council for Tobacco Research
1977 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
Abstract
MAR
Fields
- Depository Date
- 25 Sep 1995
- Master ID
- Ctrmn00000667-6967
Related Documents:- CTRMN000667-0808 Deposition of Robert F. Gertenbach [Deposition of Gertenbach in the Matter of Rogers]
- CTRMN000809-0827 Certificate of Incorporation of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Under Section 402 of the Not-for-Profit Corporation Law [Details Definitions and Purposes for Forming A Not-for-Profit Corporation]
- CTRMN000828-0848 by-Laws of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. [Rules and Regulations for the Operation of the Council]
- CTRMN000849-0854 Application for Research Grant [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000855-0856 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Stipulations for Receiving A Funding Award]
- CTRMN000857-0859 [Suggestions and Guidelines for Submitting A Request for A Grant]
- CTRMN000860-0871 [Transmittal of Information for Securing A Research Grant]
- CTRMN000872-0882 [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000883-0892 Closing Dates for Application of Renewal Grants Requirements: (1) Progress Report and (2) Abstract of Progress Report [Procedural Information for Applying for Continued Funding for Scientific Project]
- CTRMN000893-1031 Published Reports on Research Supported in Whole or in Part by the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. Formerly the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [List of Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN001032-1045 1956 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001046-1094 1957 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001095-1127 1958 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001128-1163 1959 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001164-1201 1960 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001202-1239 1961 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001240-1269 1962 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001270-1306 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001307-1346 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001347-1387 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001388-1429 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001430-1485 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001486-1529 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001530-1578 Annual Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001579-1632 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001633-1681 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001682-1727 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001728-1771 1975 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001772-1816 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001861-1913 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001914-1967 1979 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001968-2025 1980 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002026-2088 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002089-2148 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002149-2223 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002224-2942 Application for Research Grant An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Study on High Temperature Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography]
- CTRMN002943-3303 [Regarding Polio and Tuberculosis As Predisposing Factor in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN003304-3322 Tobacco-Health Research Program [Display Case Showing Main Areas of Investigation]
- CTRMN003323-3326 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Rules for Approval of Grants Relating to Tobacco Use and Human Health]
- CTRMN003327-3337 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Concerning Problems of Cigarette Lung Cancer Causation and Why They Have No Been Solved]
- CTRMN003338-3357 A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy [Views of Cancer Experts on Causes of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN003358-3365 Some Information About... The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. ...and Its Research Program [Informs About the Purpose and Function of Organization's Research Program]
- CTRMN003366-3374 the Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board to the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. [Informs the Purposes, Policies, and the Research Program of the Board]
- CTRMN003375-3419 the Cancer-Smoking Controversy [Regards the Fallacious Conclusions of Cigarette Smoking Causing Lung Cancer From A Mathematical and Scientific Point of View]
- CTRMN003420-3425 Some Harvard Men & the Smoking Habit [Give Results of Questionnaire Relating to Biological Factors of Tobacco Smoking]
- CTRMN003426-3431 the Pathologic Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree and Lungs Reprinted From the Archives of Pathology Vol. 70 [St Finds of Equivocal Results with the Use of Tobacco]
- CTRMN003432-3437 Some Statistical Observations on A Co-Operative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology Reprinted From the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 43 No. 12 [St Examines Systematically the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Random Cases]
- CTRMN003438-3442 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology, II [Results Show Pathological Lungs in Different Cities Are Acutally Different]
- CTRMN003443-3447 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology. II [Study Comparing Pathological Conditions in 8 Different Cities Shows That Conditions Are All Different]
- CTRMN003448-3456 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology [Systematic Examinations of the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Run-of-the-Mill Cases]
- CTRMN003457-3464 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology III [When Probability Is Doubtful the Use of Variable Tables to Calculate Results Is the Best Way to Make A Precise and Accurate Answer for Sufficient Range of Pathological Conditions]
- CTRMN003465-3476 Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers [Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Have to Do with Personality Traits and Physiologic Criteria]
- CTRMN003477-3485 the Psychology of Smoking [Smoking Is Determined by Certain Personality Variables and Personal Needs]
- CTRMN003486-3490 the Tobacco and Health Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board [Regarding Information the Tobacco Industry Research Committee Do for the Research Program]
- CTRMN003491-3558 Tobacco Consumption in Various Countries [Results of Cigarette and Cigar Smokers From Different Countries]
- CTRMN003559-3560 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Guidelines for Which Grants Are Approved]
- CTRMN003561-3780 Tobacco Smoking in the United States in Relation to Income Marketing Research Report No. 189 [A Report Compiled by the Bureau of the Census for the United States Public Health Service on Smoking Characteristics in Relation to Income, Age, Region, Urban-Rural Residence and Occupation.]
- CTRMN003781-3781 Operating Results 1982 and Budget 1983 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003782-3782 Operating Results for Ten-Months Ended 10/31 Budget 11/1/83 Through 10/31/84 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003783-3783 Actual Operating Fiscal Year 1984 and Budget Fiscal Year 1985 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003784-3787 Confidential Report on Meeting January 18, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) [St]
- CTRMN003788-3797 Confidential Report on Meeting March 15, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee [St]
- CTRMN003798-3800 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003801-3815 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003816-3835 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003836-3852 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 3, 1955 [St]
- CTRMN003853-3869 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting February 14, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003870-3895 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 9, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003896-3907 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 9, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003908-3923 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 8, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003924-3931 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 8 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003932-3939 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 6, 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003940-3945 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003946-3956 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting December 10, 1959 [St]
- CTRMN003957-3969 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 15, 1960 [St]
- CTRMN003970-3982 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 18, 1961 [St]
- CTRMN003983-3991 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003992-4002 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 15, 1962 [St]
- CTRMN004003-4006 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. March 5, 1964 [St]
- CTRMN004007-4014 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. June 8, 1965 [St]
- CTRMN004015-4020 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 27, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004021-4026 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 24, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004027-4034 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 31, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004035-4041 Minutes of the First Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004042-4048 Minutes of the Second Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004049-4052 Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors June 24, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004053-4057 Minutes of of the Board of Directors January 28, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004058-4061 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors November 10, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004062-4066 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 26, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004067-4070 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors July 26, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004071-4076 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004077-4081 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors June 13, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004082-4086 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 5, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004087-4091 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 31, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004092-4095 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors July 24, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004096-4141 Retirement Plan for Employees of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Amended and Restated As of July 1, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004142-4147 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 10, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004148-4153 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 30, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004154-4157 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors September 9, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004158-4161 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 28 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004162-4166 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors April 21 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004167-4167 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors August 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004168-4172 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004173-4176 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004177-4178 Minutes of the Board of Directors Executive Committee Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004179-4184 Minutes of the Meeting of the Directors January 30, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004185-4189 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors June 25, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004190-4192 Minutes of A Meeting of Certain Members of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004193-4198 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004199-4205 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004206-4209 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004210-4213 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004214-4217 Confidential Report of Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004218-4221 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004222-4226 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004227-4232 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004233-4236 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004237-4240 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004241-4246 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004247-4251 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004252-4256 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004257-4266 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004267-4283 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004284-4287 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004288-4292 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004293-4297 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004298-4303 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004304-4310 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004311-4316 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004317-4319 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004320-4323 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004324-4330 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004331-4335 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004336-4339 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004340-4344 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004345-4348 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004349-4353 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004354-4357 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004358-4366 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004367-4370 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004371-4376 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004377-4390 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004391-4395 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004396-4400 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004401-4404 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004405-4409 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004410-4413 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004414-4416 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004417-4420 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004421-4426 Confidential Report Scientific Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004427-4430 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004431-4433 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004434-4436 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004437-4439 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004440-4443 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004444-4446 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004447-4450 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004451-4454 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004455-4459 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004460-4463 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004464-4467 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004468-4472 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004473-4475 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004476-4480 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004481-4484 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004485-4492 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004493-4497 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 23-24, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004498-4501 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting December 9-10, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004502-4505 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004506-4510 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting La Jolla, California March 2-3-4, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004511-4516 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York New York May 25-26, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004517-4522 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 14-15, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004523-4526 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 8-9, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004527-4531 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 22-23, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004532-4538 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York May 16-18, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004539-4544 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004545-4549 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004550-4555 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Colorado Springs, Colorado March 20-22, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004556-4560 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004561-4569 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 18-19-20, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004570-4578 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Chicago, Illinois January 15,16, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004579-4585 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. May 7-8-9, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004586-4593 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 24-25-26, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004594-4598 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004599-4604 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Palm Springs, California March 24-25-26, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004605-4609 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 9-11, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004610-4614 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 15-17, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004615-4623 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 14-15-16, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004624-4626 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board June 13, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004627-4634 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 10-11-12, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004635-4643 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 4, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004644-4654 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 30-31 November 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004655-4656 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 13, 1974 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004657-4664 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 26-27-28, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004665-4672 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 10-11-12, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004673-4675 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 13, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004676-4683 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 17-18-19, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004684-4686 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 11, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004687-4694 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 28-29-30, 1976 October 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004695-4697 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Bethesda, Maryland December 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004698-4706 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Tuscon, Arizona March 23-25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004707-4708 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Tuscon, Arizona March 25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004709-4710 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York May 19, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004711-4719 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 26-28, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004720-4723 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Phoenix, Arizona January 16-17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004724-4724 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board Committee Phoenix, Arizona January 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004725-4734 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 26-27-28, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004735-4735 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Executive Committee New York, New York April 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736-4737 Confidential Report Meeting for the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736A-4736A Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004738-4747 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 18-19-20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004748-4750 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004751-4759 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 11-12-13, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004760-4769 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 17-18-19, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004770-4770 Confidential Meeting of the Report Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 18, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004771-4780 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Meeting New York, New York Aprill 9-10-11, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004781-4781 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 20, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004782-4783 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 16, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004784-4792 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 8-9-10, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004793-4794 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 9, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004795-4804 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 8-9-10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004805-4805 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 8, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004806-4806 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004807-4816 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 14-15-16, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004817-4818 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 15, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004819-4820 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 9, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004821-4831 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 21, 22, 23, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004832-4833 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 21, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004834-4843 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 6,7,8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004844-4844 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004845-4845 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Scottsdale, Arizona February 24, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004846-4857 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 20, 21, 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004858-4858 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004859-4859 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 6, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004860-4871 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 12, 13, 14, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004872-4882 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 28, 29, 30, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004883-4883 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York March 29, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004884-4895 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 19, 20, 21, 1984 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004896-4896 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 20, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004897-4897 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Palm Beach, Florida February 25, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004898-4898 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004899-4910 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004911-4911 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004912-4923 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004924-4927 for Release: A.M.'s Wednesday, April 14, 1954 ["Reaction to the Compendium "A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy""]
- CTRMN004928-4929 for Release: A.M.'s Tuesday, April 27, 1954 [Scientific Advisory Board Organized Early to Begin Research Into All Phases of Tobacco Use and Health for the Year]
- CTRMN004930-4931 for Release in A.M.'s of Tuesday, May 18, 1954 [Proposals Submitted for Cancer Research Projects for Consideration by Scientific Advisory Board]
- CTRMN004932-4933 for Release After 10:30 A.M., June 15, 1954 [Appointment of Dr. Clarence Cook Little Announced by the Tobacco Research Industry Committee]
- CTRMN004934-4937 for Immediate Release [American Cancer Society Survey Conveys the Need to Further Research to Discover Cause of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN004938-4939 for Release in Am's of Tuesday, July 20, 1954 [Edwin B. Wilson of Harvard University Became A Member of Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004940-4942 for Release: A.M.'s of Wednesday, July 28, 1954 Little Announces Research Policy of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Three Main Areas to Be Covered by Research Program Announced]
- CTRMN004943-4944 for Release in A.M.'s Thursday, August 19, 1954 [Dr. Julius H. Comroe of University of Pennsylvania, Accepted Membership on Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004945-4945 for Immediate Release (Monday, October 11, 1954) Dr. Little Gives TIRC View [Little States That No Convincing Evidence Has Yet Been Found to Prove That Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN004946-4946 for Immediate Release (Tuesday, October 12, 1954) [Timothy V. Hartnet, Chairman of Board, Stated That Public Should Be Reminded That No Lung Cancer Causing Agent Has Yet Been Identified in Tobacco]
- CTRMN004947-4947 for Release: Wednesday, October 20, 1954 Hartnett Approves Care in Research [Committee to Be Sure That Reliable Evidence Is Available Before Announcing Important Conclusions to the Public About Smoking]
- CTRMN004948-4948 for Immediate Release (Thursday, October 21, 1954) Hartnett Comments on Cigarette Paper Burning [Timothy V. Hartnett Comments That A Cancer Causing Compound on Skin of Mice Has Been Produced by Burning Cigarette Paper Under Certain Lab Conditions]
- CTRMN004949-4952 for Release: A.M.'s, Monday, November 8, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Announces Initial Grants [Six Scientific Research Grants Totalling Over $82,000 Made Public]
- CTRMN004953-4954 for Release in A.M.'s, Monday, December 6, 1954 Scientific Associate Named by Tobacco Research Group [Robert C. Hockett Appointed As Scientific Director of TIRC to Help Develop Research Into Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN004955-4956 for Immediate Release Cross-Country Lung Study Planned by Tobacco Group [Group of Pathologists Plan A Cooperative Study to Increase Knowledge of Lung Ailments]
- CTRMN004957-4959 for Release in Year-End Editions But Not Before December 27, 1954 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [TIRC Will Approve A Quarter of A Million Dollars for Research Into Public Health Problems by the End of 1954]
- CTRMN004960-4963 for Release: Monday A.M.'s, January 17, 1955 Tobacco Industry's New Research Grants Send Total to More Than $300,000 [New Research Grants Announced by TIRC to Relate to Both Human and Animal Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN004964-4966 for Release in A.M.'s of Friday, April 8, 1955 Tobacco Industry Group Votes Medical Research Fellowships [TIRC Announced Fellowship Program to Create Interest in Research Among Medical School Students]
- CTRMN004967-4969 Release Tuesday, May 17, 1955 and Thereafter Tobacco and Health Studies Cover Wide Range of Research [Although No Scientific Proof That Cigarettes or Air Pollution Cause Lung Cancer, Progress Is Being Made to Learn More About Tobacco Use and Health by the TIRC]
- CTRMN004970-4972 Tobacco Research Grants Increased to 490,000 Mark [Research Grants Are Created So Science Can Provide An Answer to Public Health Problems]
- CTRMN004973-4973 Hartnett Comments on Auerbach Paper [Many Studies on Human Lung Tissue, Not Enough Data Available to Draw A Conclusion Yet]
- CTRMN004974-4975 Anti-Smoking Theories Not Based on Complete Scientific Knowledge [Scientific Investigation Into What the Real Effects Are From Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN004976-4977 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Research Intensified in Past Year, No Proof That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004978-4980 Doctor's Survey Termed 'biased, 'says Hartnett [Questionnaire Would Give No Concrete Conclusions About Tobacco Causing Cancer]
- CTRMN004981-4982 Hartnett Alerts Burley Men to Challenge Tobacco Attacks [Doctors Are Expressing Their Doubts About Statements Already Made; Tobacco Effects]
- CTRMN004983-4984 Bright Belt Warehouse Men Told Facts Challenge Critics [Still Looking for Proof That Tobacco Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004985-4986 Tobacco Spokesman Says Facts and Position Are Unchanged [Various Experiments with Animals Showed That Cancer Was Not the Outcome From Tobacco Smoke]
- CTRMN004987-4987 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Methods Used for Cancer Research Still Do Not Give Enough Information]
- CTRMN004988-4990 British Tobacco Experiments Unable to Induce Cancers [Still No Connection, Tests Will Continue]
- CTRMN004991-4993 Tobacco Research Grants Now Over 838,000 Mark [Tobacco Research Is Getting More Support From Doctors, Scientists, and Educators]
- CTRMN004994-4996 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Summary of the Past Years' Events in Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN004997-4999 Tobacco Research Fund Raised to 1,500,000 [Finding New Ways to Break Down Tobacco]
- CTRMN005000-5001 Tobacco Industry Group Renews Medical Research Fellowships [More Medical Students Are Receiving Fellowships Than Last Year]
- CTRMN005002-5003 Hartnett Statement on Cancer Meeting Reports [There Is Still Much Research to Be Done Before Tobacco Is Linked to Cancer]
- CTRMN005004-5005 [Pathologists From Around the Country Have Studied Human Lung Tissues Over the Past Year]
- CTRMN005006-5006 [Smoking Patterns Do Not Explain Differences in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005007-5008 Hartnett Cites British Tobacco Tests Failing to Produce Animal Cancer [the Search for Cancer Must Be Broadened and Intensified]
- CTRMN005009-5010 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Claims [Although Many Believe Smoking Causes Cancer, Scientists Still Have Not Found Any Prof]
- CTRMN005011-5011 [Present Knowledge Doesn't Hint A Relationship Between Smoking and Heart Problems]
- CTRMN005012-5016 Hartnett Comments on Cancer Society Booklet [Pamphlet Omits Some Important Research Results]
- CTRMN005017-5018 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Research Committee Needs More Scientific Investigation]
- CTRMN005019-5025 Tobacco Research Funds Reach 2.2 Million Mark [Over 60 Independent Scientists Throughout the Country Are Working in Institutions to Further the Research of Cancer and Tobacco Use, They Are Listed]
- CTRMN005026-5027 Hartnett Comments on French Report [French Are Reporting Rapid Cancer Formation in Mice, Hartnett Feels It Can't Be Judged on the Basis of New Reports Without Longer Consideration and Careful Analysis]
- CTRMN005028-5030 Harnett Cites Points for Clarification in Tobacco Health Study [Smoking Study Reached the Public's Attention Before It Was Reviewed and Before the Facts Were Made Crystal Clear]
- CTRMN005031-5032 Hartnett Comments on Wynder News Stories [News Story Claims That Assumptions Have Been Made About Mouse Skin Painting Experiments]
- CTRMN005033-5037 Statement on Smoking and Health Studies [Scientists Are Developing A Program for Different Phases of Tobacco Use and Health, Members Listed]
- CTRMN005038-5045 Hartnett Says Statistics Do Not Establish Causes [Studies Are Open to Assumptions and Certain Selection of Subjects]
- CTRMN005046-5048 Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory [the Surgeon General Believes the Studies Are Missing Essential Facts That Should Be Acknowledged]
- CTRMN005049-5050 Scientist Comments on Benzpyrene Report [Benzpyrane in Tobacco Smoke, Under Investigation for Years Caused Cancer in Lab Animals But Not Humans]
- CTRMN005051-5055 "Cancer Researcher Challenges "Cause and Effect" Charges Against Smoking" [It's Difficult to Have A Cause and Effect Relationship When Dealing with Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005056-5056 [Atlantic Monthly Gives A Misleading Picture of Dr. Little and His Public Position]
- CTRMN005057-5058 Tobacco Committee Chairman Comments on Cancer Society Talk [Many Unresolved Questions About Tobacco Causing Cancer Don't Stop Researching]
- CTRMN005059-5061 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Most Tend to Believe the Anti-Cigarette Theory But It Shouldn't Be Confused with the Facts There's Still Not Enough Facts to Prove That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN005062-5062 Hartnett Says Leaflet Admits Differing Opinions on Smoking [Leaflet Tells How Scientists Disagree on Evidence]
- CTRMN005063-5066 Research Program Throws Doubts on Smoking Charges [Incorrect Claims and Harmful Effects From Tobacco]
- CTRMN005067-5069 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [More and More Scientists Had Doubts and Disbeliefs in the Charges Against Smoking As A Cause of Cancer]
- CTRMN005070-5071 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Scientists Say Smoking Has Been Proved Guilty When Linked with Human Health Problems]
- CTRMN005072-5072 Pamphlet Merely Review, Dr. Little Says [Opinions Is All the Author Gives in His Pamphlet Scientists Are Still Disputing]
- CTRMN005073-5076 TIRC Fund for Research Boosted to $2,700,000 [Grants for Independent Scientists Interested in Studying Problems of Cancer and Heart Disease When Related to Smoking]
- CTRMN005077-5080 [New Knowledge on Smoking and Health Questions]
- CTRMN005081-5081 [Veterans Study of Smoking Habits]
- CTRMN005082-5082 [Report on How There Was Existing Research Evidence and How It Was Ignored]
- CTRMN005083-5085 [Regarding Anti-Tobacco Movement]
- CTRMN005086-5086 [Benzpyrene in Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN005087-5088 [Experimental Evidence Is Weak]
- CTRMN005089-5089 Hartnett Says Article on Arsenic Goes Beyond Facts [Farmers Use of Insecticides with Arsenicals on Growing Tobacco Has Steadily Been Declining]
- CTRMN005090-5091 [Scientists Who Produce Conflicting Results Are Being Ignored by the Health Department]
- CTRMN005092-5094 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Even More Grants Have Been Made Available More Factors Have Been Associated with Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005095-5100 Tobacco Industry Group Announces Research Grants [Grant Increases to $3,200,000 List of Grants Announced]
- CTRMN005101-5103 Tobacco-Health Research Described in 1958 Report [the Report Talked About Experiments That Were Unable to Produce Cancer and the Cause and Effect Theory]
- CTRMN005104-5104 [Report Shows That Other Factors Besides Smoking Have Been Causing Lung Cancer, But Scientists Do Not Dismiss the Fact That Lung Cancer Is Possibility From Smoking]
- CTRMN005105-5105 [Anti-Smoking Campaign Is Thought to Be A One-Sided Propaganda Effort]
- CTRMN005106-5106 [Questions Arise From on-Sided Study]
- CTRMN005107-5111 Cancer Scientist's Comments on Smoking-Lung Cancer Review [Evidence on Smoking and Lung Cancer Is Accumulating, Among Other Contributing Factors]
- CTRMN005112-5117 [Comments Relating to Observation on Various Studies]
- CTRMN005118-5122 Research Grants Announced by Tobacco Industry Group [$500,000 Was Added to Research Funds, A List of Recipients with the New Grants Is Mentioned]
- CTRMN005123-5127 Research Supported by Tobacco Committee Discussed in Scientific Director's Report [It Seems That Finding An Answer to Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Are Too Complicated]
- CTRMN005128-5128 [Attacks on Tobacco, the Lung Cancer Issue Is Still Not Settled]
- CTRMN005129-5129 Nta Stand on Smoking Repeats Opinions [Statement Gives No Evidence and Is Dealing Mainly with Opinions]
- CTRMN005130-5132 Tobacco Research Group Adds New Scientific Associate [New Scientific Director Was Added to the TIRC, Curriculum of J. Morrison Brady]
- CTRMN005133-5134 Tobacco Research Group Cites Questions Raised in Heart Statement [Lack of Evidence Proposes New Questions and Doubts About Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005135-5137 New Evidence Shows Complexities of Lung Cancer, Scientist Says [Hundreds of Studies Indicate Many Factors Contribute to the Complex Chain That May Result in Lung Cancer, No One Can Figure Out the Right Factor and Still the Reported Lung Cancer Cases Are Rising]
- CTRMN005138-5140 New Grants to Scientists Made by Tobacco Research Group [Research Grants Totalling $523,000 Made to 40 Scientists This Year]
- CTRMN005141-5144 Cancer Research Opens Up New Areas, Extra Funds Appropriated for Study [TIRC Stepping Up Financial Support of Independent Health Research]
- CTRMN005145-5147 Scientists in 11 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [17 Research Grants Totaling Nearly $200,00 Awarded to Scientists in 11 States for Studies of Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005148-5151 New Direction for Tobacco-Health Research in '61, Says Chairman of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Future Research to Concentrate on How Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Originate]
- CTRMN005152-5160 Research on Smoking and Health Discussed by Scientific Advisory Board to T.I.R.C. [Health Research Expansion Called for in 22 Specific Areas]
- CTRMN005161-5162 Scientist Reports on Research Progress As T.I.R.C. Boosts Funds to $4,650,000 [Dr. Clarence Cook Little Proposed Steps for Medical Research]
- CTRMN005163-5163 Nation's Medical Students Offered Research Fellowships by Tobacco Research Group [Program Designed to Encourage Research As A Career]
- CTRMN005164-5168 Scientists in 14 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [Fifteen Grants for New Research Announced]
- CTRMN005169-5173 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Adds $800,000 for New Research [Emphasis Put on Viruses, Bioassay, Psychological and Physiological Research]
- CTRMN005174-5176 ""Significant Developments" in Cancer Research Reviewed in Annual Report by Dr. C.C. Little" [Scientific Findings of the Past Year Reviewed]
- CTRMN005177-5179 Tobacco Research Group Offers Fellowships to Medical Students to Spur Interest in Research Work [Program Designed to Encourage Career in Research]
- CTRMN005180-5180 Tobacco Research Committee Chairman Comments on Mouse Skin Painting [Harmless Everyday Substances Can Cause Cancer in Laboratory Animals]
- CTRMN005181-5182 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005183-5217 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005218-5224 52 Additional Research Grants Made by Tobacco Industry Group [Money for Studies Designed to Give New Leads to Lung Cancer and Other Health Problems]
- CTRMN005225-5225 Medical Student Fellowships Offered by Tobacco Research Group [Program to Encourage Research]
- CTRMN005226-5228 Gaps Still Exist in Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Heart Disease, Says Little [Multiple Factors and Influences That Contribute to Lung Cancer Unknown]
- CTRMN005229-5230 Scientific Director of Tobacco Industry Research Committee Comment on Resolution by American Heart Association [TIRC Welcomes Recognition of Need for Further Research to Determine Full Facts About Smoking]
- CTRMN005231-5234 Tobacco Committee Adds $1 Million for Continuing Research Studies [Scientific Advisory Board Assured TIRC Will Provide More Funds]
- CTRMN005235-5235 [Scientific Director of TIRC Sent Telegrams to the Surgeon General and the President of the Ama]
- CTRMN005236-5236 [Ama Supports Research on Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005237-5239 [TIRC Renamed and Reorganized]
- CTRMN005240-5241 Dr. Howard B. Andervont Named to the Scientific Advisory Board [Editor of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute Appointed]
- CTRMN005242-5277 Tobacco Industry Group Awards $817,165 for Health Research [37 Additional Research Grants Have Been Awarded by the Ctr]
- CTRMN005278-5282 Scientific Director C.C. Little Reports Decade of Tobacco-Health Research [Findings on What Diseases Smoking Can Cause]
- CTRMN005283-5286 Council Awards $500,000 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded for Tobacco Use and Health Research]
- CTRMN005287-5291 Summary of the Testimony of Clarence C. Little Before the Senate Commerce Committee [Discussion on Cancer and How It Affects Our Bodies]
- CTRMN005292-5319 Council Awards $514,767 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded to Scientist Over the Period of 10 Years]
- CTRMN005320-5348 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Discussion on Cigarette Smoking Being Helpful with Causing Diseases in Smokers]
- CTRMN005349-5367 Tobacco and Health Research Awards Pass $9 Million Total [Grants Given to Scientist Studying Matter Related to Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005368-5375 Tobacco-Health Research Grants Awarded New York Scientists [Scientists Approved to Continue Research on Lung Cancer and Other Diseases]
- CTRMN005376-5382 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Studies of the Respiratory System in Experimental Animals and Human Patients Especially on Causes of Pulmonary Cancers]
- CTRMN005383-5384 [Opinions of Scientists That There Is No Relationship Between Smoking and Disease]
- CTRMN005385-5387 New Tobacco-Health Research Grants Total $2 Million [Number of Approved Grants for Studies on Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005388-5388 Furst Becomes Consultant to Tobacco Research Council [Dr. Furst Advise to Council on Programs Sponsored by Them]
- CTRMN005389-5393 Studies Raise Questions About Smoking As Health Hazard [Numerous Studies Done to Show What Effect Smoking Had on Our Health]
- CTRMN005394-5400 Broad Review of Tobacco-Health Picture Covered in Dr. Little's Latest Report Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Chronic Pulmonary Ailments Are Complex in Nature, Says Noted Researcher Genetic and Environmental Factors May Be Involved Reports Scientific Director of Council for Tobacco Research [Recent Research Finding on Lung Cancer, Heart Disease and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005401-5404 Significant Smoking-Health Finding Covered in Report by Dr. C.C. Little [Findings From Independent Scientists on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005405-5408 New Tobacco-Health Grants Announced; One Helps Revive Framinghan Heart Study [Awards Granted to Independent Scientists Researching Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005409-5412 New Scientific Findings About Cancer, Heart Disease, the Lung, Other Areas, Reported by Council for Tobacco Research [New Findings From Independent Scientists Relating to Tobacco and Health Issue]
- CTRMN005413-5415 New Smoking-Health Studies Boost Total to $23-Million [Council Awards More Grants to the Study of Lung Cancer, Viruses and Cancer, Heart Disease, and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005416-5418 Progress in Tobacco-Health Research Achieved: Machines That Simulate Human Smoking [Machines to Help Scientists Effectively Study Smoke and Health Issues]
- CTRMN005419-5421 Noted Cancer Scientist Named Scientific Director of the Council for Tobacco Research [Dr. Hockett Who Was Acting Scientific Director Got Promoted to Research Director]
- CTRMN005422-5425 Massive Cancer Study Using Made-to-Order Mice [Study Using Mice to See If Human Lung Cancer Can Be Induced Regularly]
- CTRMN005426-5427 Tobacco Research Group Announces New Studies [12 New Studies Have Been Funded to Study Generic Factors in Lung Cancer and Emphysema and the Possible Influence of Nicotine on Fetal Growth]
- CTRMN005428-5429 Studies of Twins Expanded by Tobacco Research Group [Human Twins Used for Study to Determine Effects of Environment Agents on Various Diseases]
- CTRMN005430-5432 News About Smoking and Health Study Interaction of Genetic and External Influences in Lung Cancer [Studies Show That Only Minority of Smokers Get Lung Cancer Therefore Lung Cancer May Be Caused by Genetic Characteristics or External Influences Which People Have Been Exposed]
- CTRMN005433-5434 New Smoking and Health Grants Made by Tobacco Research Council [New Studies Have Received Grants to Continue Researching on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005435-5435 Yeaman Assumes Leadership of Council for Tobacco Research [Addison Yeaman Succeeds H.H. Ramm for Chairman and President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005436-5438 14 New Studies Funded by Tobacco Research Council [Grants Awarded to Studies for Inhibition of Cancer by Different Chemicals, the Influence of Nicotine on Pregnancy and the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Body's Disease Fighting System]
- CTRMN005439-5441 Progress Being Made in Research on Emphysema [Scientist Discover Ways to Help Defend Against Emphysema]
- CTRMN005442-5444 14 New Smoking-Health Projects Are Approved [Recent Research Studies Dealing with Smoking and Health Have Been Given Grants]
- CTRMN005445-5446 Grants Awarded for New Smiking-Health Studies [Scientists Were Approved for Studying of Certain Enzymes in Human Lung Cancer and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005447-5448 Tobacco Research Report Discusses Heart Disease [Studies Have Found Progressive Atherosclerosis Rank First As Number One As Causes of Death From Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005449-5451 Grants Awarded for New Smoking-Health Research [New Studies Have Been Approved for Marker Substance That May Indicate Presence of Lung Cancer and on Smoking and Pregnancy]
- CTRMN005452-5453 Tobacco Research Group Funds New Smoking-Health Projects [A New Study for Relationship of Childhood Respiratory Disease to the Development of Adult Chronic Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005454-5455 Tobacco Research Group Reports... Funds for Smoking-Health Studies Pass $46,000,000 [Amount Council Has Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005456-5458 $5.9 Millions Given for Smoking-Healths Studies [Council Has Given Millions Over the Years to Researchers]
- CTRMN005459-5460 Tobacco Research Group Says... Continued Research Needed to Find Causes of Cancer and Other Major Diseases [Council Pledges to Continue to Give Financial Support to Scientists Studying Smoke-Health Issues]
- CTRMN005461-5462 $6 Million Granted for Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Given to Scientist for Further Study]
- CTRMN005463-5465 Tobacco Research Group Continues Funding for Independent Scientists [Council Has Provided Millions Over the Years to Researchers and Will Continue to Do So]
- CTRMN005466-5467 $5.5 Million Given for Smokin-Health Studies [Council Has Given Millions to New and on Going Studies Over the Years]
- CTRMN005468-5469 Annual Report Issued by Tobacco Research Group [Over 1.5882 Reports From Scientists Acknowledging Support From the Council Have Been Published]
- CTRMN005470-5473 $6 Million Awarded for 34 New Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Were Given to Scientists with New Studies and Continuing Ones From the Council]
- CTRMN005474-5474 Ctr's Latest Report Sets Abstract Record [More Reports Were Published From Scientists Acknowledgingg Support From Council for Tobacco Research Than Any Other Report Published in the Past]
- CTRMN005475-5475 Scientists Show... Growing Interest in Doing Smoking and Health Studies [Growing Number of Application Have Gone to the Council of Tobacco Research for Funding on Smoke Related Diseases]
- CTRMN005476-5479 $7 and A Half -Million Awarded for Smoking-Health Research [Millions Given to Scientists for Studying Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005480-5481 Council for Tobacco Research Announces... Hoyt and Hockett Retire After 30 Years: Gertenbach Is Named New President [Introduction to President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005482-5482 Ctr's Annual Report Sets Abstract Record [the Number of Reports Acknowledging Support by the Council of Tobacco Research Is More Today Than It Was Years Ago]
- CTRMN005483-5485 Findings Published on Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Study with Mice [Results From Study Show That Smoke Did Not Produce Any Squamous Cell Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005486-5525 Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, Tobacco Industry Research Committee, at Press Conference, University Club, New York City, June 15, 1954 [Regarding Relationship Between Lung Cancer and Tobacco]
- CTRMN005526-5533 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's First Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Experiments That Show That Cigarette Smoking Increases Chances for Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005534-5541 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's Second Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Issue That Cigarette Smoke Does Not Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005542-5562 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Regarding Continuation of Study Dealing with Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005563-5573 A Report of Progress [Results From the Study of Smoking and Health Issue Will Greatly Depend on Well Planned and Well-Executed Scientific Research]
- CTRMN005574-5585 Tobacco and the Cardiovascular System the Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Program Strives to Discover Facts and Relationships Described with Objectivity]
- CTRMN005586-5597 A Search for Facts [Regarding Information Needed to Be Gathered on Smoking and Health Problems to Defend Industry]
- CTRMN005598-5605 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Discussion on Different Studies Will Continue to Be Made Until A Answer Is Found]
- CTRMN005606-5607 Cancer Research Guest Editorial Smoking and Lung Cancer Volume 16 [St Regarding Support Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005608A-5609 "Correspondence Regarding "Smoking and Health"" [Discussion on Researching on Tobacco and Health with Objectivity and Not Be Judgmental]
- CTRMN005608B-5609 Hypfibrinogenemia [Regarding Transfusions and Clotting Mechanism in A Case of Extraordinarily Delayed Post-Partum Hemorrhage]
- CTRMN005608C-5609 Diabetic Children [Admitting Omission of Different Data From Other Sources]
- CTRMN005608D-5609 Revocation of Licenses [Revoking of Registration From Dr. Louis A. Scinta]
- CTRMN005610A-5613 Mayo Clinic Head Believes Smoking Not Cancer Cause Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Smoking Not Believed to Be Cause of Lung Cancer, According to Some Noted Physicians]
- CTRMN005610B-5613 Six Experts State Doubts on Smoking-Cancer Theory Tell Congressmen Reasons for Position Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Reasons for Not Accepting Theory That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610C-5613 New Book Says Tobacco 'scare' Not Justified Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [""Science Looks at Smoking"]
- CTRMN005610D-5613 Editors View Smoking-Cancer Tie As Unproved, Open Question Excerpts From Editorials Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Excessive Smoking Probably the Main Cause of Lung Cancer, While Moderate Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer Has No Scientific Support]
- CTRMN005610E-5613 British Scientist Opposes Campaign Against Smoking Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Sir Ronald Fisher, British Statistician, Refuses to Produce Anti-Smoking Writing, States It As A Cause for Anxiety]
- CTRMN005610F-5613 'pick Your Expert, Take Your Choice' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Witnesses Linking Cigarettes to Lung Cancer Testify Before House Operations Sub-Committee]
- CTRMN005610G-5613 'still Open Question' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Authorities on Cancer State That Smoking Is Not Proven to Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610H-5613 Smoking and Death Rates Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [If Everyone Stopped Smoking There Would Be No Significant Change in Death Rate]
- CTRMN005614-5616 Summary of Comments for Delivery Before: Central Subsection, North Jersey Section, American Chemical Society, Elizabeth, New Jersey [Review of the Chemical Analysis of Cigarette Smoke and Investigations of Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005617-5620 the Public and Smoking Fear or Calm Deliberation? [How Doubt, Suspicion and Fear May Affect the Deliberation of Whether Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer or Other Ailments]
- CTRMN005621A-5624 TIRC Reports Progress in Smoking-Health Research Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Too Many Unknowns Exist Concerning Lung Cancer to Warrant Conclusions Citing Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621B-5624 'tar' Misnomer for Condensed Smoke Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Difficulties in Analyzing Tobacco Smoke Make Tobacco Tar A Misnomer]
- CTRMN005621C-5624 New Statistics Contradict Anticigarette Theory Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Cigarette Smoking May Be Compatible with Normal Health Report on Done Smokers Who Have Longer That Average Life Span]
- CTRMN005621D-5624 TIRC Funds for Smoking Research Now Over $2,000,000 Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Scientific Advisory Board Approves 52 Grants and Renewals in 1957 Totalling $550,000]
- CTRMN005621E-5624 Press Questions Anti-Smoking Plan Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [State-Supported Campaign Against Cigarettes Warranted in New York]
- CTRMN005621F-5624 Study Suggests Bronchitis May Be Prime Factor in Lung Cancer Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Preliminary Study at Beatty Institute Favors Bronchitis As A Factor of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621G-5624 Doctors' Comments on Smoking-Health Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Increasing Number of New Chemicals in the Atmosphere at Fault for Rise in Cancer]
- CTRMN005621H-5624 Nation-Wide Lung Tissue Study Now Being Evaluated Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [TIRC Studying Lung Tissues From 1,600 Persons]
- CTRMN005625-5648 Biological Aspects of Cancer Research Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 30, No. 3 [St Background Research and New Information on Cancer Studies]
- CTRMN005649-5654 Interview the Cigaret Smoker and Lung Cancer Reprinted From Modern Medicine, Vol 26 [St Advises on Smoking and Its Relation to Health]
- CTRMN005655-5660 Comments on the Mortality of Smokers and Non-Smokers. A Paper by Harold W. Dorn Before the American Statistical Association Dec. 27, 1958 [Reflections on Figures Presented in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005661-5671 An Experimentalist Looks at Statistics on Smoking [Reflections on the Figures in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005672-5672 Letters to the Times Findings on Smoking [Statistical Proof of Link Between Smoking and Cancer Denied]
- CTRMN005673-5683 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Review of Data Known on the Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005684-5686 Cancer-the Research Approach [Discussion on Cancer and A Category of Factors Which May Play Roles in Cause and Development of Cancer]
- CTRMN005687-5692 [Address Before the Burley and Dark Leaf Tobacco Export Association, Inc. Information About the Research Program Supported by the TIRC]
- CTRMN005693-5697 Some Phases of the Problem of Smoking and Lung Cancer the New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 264 No. 24 [St Disputes Findings That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005698-5704 Some Aspects of the Lung Cancer Problem Reprinted From Punjab Medical Journal Vol. Xi No. 7 [St Discussion of Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005705-5735 Current Knowledge of Tobacco and Health [Discussion of Experimental Attack on Lung Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005736-5739 Cigarettes-Why More Research? Reprinted From the Yale Scientific Magazine [St Comments on the Uncertainties of the Correlations Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005740-5740 Why Do People Think That Quitting Smoking Affects Their Appetite or Their Weight? the Apothecary [St Comments on the Scientific Basis of How Smoking Affects Hunger]
- CTRMN005741-5754 Address to Be Delivered by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. At A Dinner Honoring the Centennial of the University of Kentucky and the Burley Tobacco Industry Lexington, Kentucky January 12, 1965 [Talk Addressing Research Programs of the University of Kentucky]
- CTRMN005755-5772 Communications and the Biological Sciences [Brief Discussion of Principles That Should Inspire and Guide Communications in the Biological Sciences]
- CTRMN005773-5785 Perspectives in the Experimental Approach to the Human Lung Cancer Problem [Experimental Research on Lung Tumors in Animals May Lead to Insights on Human Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005786-5798 Tobacco and Health Research [Elaboration on the Purpose, Research Practices and Studies of the TIRC]
- CTRMN005799-5805 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Experimental Studies by the TIRC Concerning Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005806-5813 the Research Perspective on Smoking and Health [Discussion on the Search for Causes of Diseases with Which Smoking Has Been Associated]
- CTRMN005814-5820 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Studies on Cigarettes and the Diseases Statistically Associated with Smoking]
- CTRMN005821-5834 Tobacco and Health Research - Where Shall We Go From Here? [Suggestions for Continuing Studies and Research on Cigarette Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005835-5852 A Look Ahead Smoking and Health - Where Do We Stand? [Talk on Chronic Diseases and Factors of Their Causation and Development in Relation to Cigarette Smoking]
- CTRMN005853-5854 Smoking-Disease Links Continue to Lack Scientific Proof [Discusses the Role of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005854-5854 Lawrence Promoted to Vp Post at Mmi [Jack Riddle Announces the New Vp of Micro-Magnetic Industries]
- CTRMN005854A-5854 Philip Morris Expands Promotional Allowances [Discusses Special Offers Made to Philip Morris Vendors]
- CTRMN005855-5882 Chapter 3 the Tobacco Health Issue: An Overview of Medical Research [St Questions Methodology of Experiments Where the Sole Objective Was the Attempt to Induce Tumors]
- CTRMN005883-5900 the Research Program (Cancer Segment) of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Presentation Before the Tobacco Working Group [Describes the Concept, Plan, and Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005901-5902 Smoking Prevention Education Act Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 [Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN005903-5919 [Regarding Anti-Smoking Bill]
- CTRMN005920-5931 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 March 9 and 17, 1983 Serial No. 98-8 Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding H.R. 1824 [Disputes Findings Set Forth in H.R. 1824 Regarding Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005932-5932 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 May 5 and 12, 1983 [Concerning Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act of 1983]
- CTRMN005933-5940 Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers, M.D., Consultant in Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y. [Comments on Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act]
- CTRMN005941-5963 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 to Promote Public Health by Improving Public Awareness of the Health Consequences of Smoking and to Increase the Effectiveness of Federal Health Officials in Investigating and Communicating to the Public Necessary Health Information, and for Other Purposes Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding S. 772 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments Which Expose Animals to Smoke]
- CTRMN005964-6009 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Seventh Congress Second Session on H.R. 5653 and H.R. 4957 March 5, 11, and 12, 1982 Serial No. 97-106 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments to Demonstrate That Cigarette Smoking Can Cause Lung Cancer in Animals]
- CTRMN006010-6012 Testimony of Dr. Robert C. Hockett During Hearing on Cigarette Smoking and Health Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, October 5, 1978 [Responds to Question Regarding Research on Health and Smoking]
- CTRMN006013-6023 Statement of Robert C. Hockett, Ph.D. Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in Response to the Letter Dated September 27, 1978 From the Chairman of the Subcommittee to William U. Gardner, Ph.D., Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc [Discusses the Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN006024-6069 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States Senate Ninety-Fourth Congress Second Session on S. 2902 February 19, March 24, and May 27, 1976 [Disputes Scientific Basis of S. 2902]
- CTRMN006070-6125 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United State Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 Serial No. 92-82 [Discussion of Cigarette-Smoking and Peptic Ulcers]
- CTRMN006126-6135 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN006136-6189 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 February 1, 5, and 10, 1972 [Discusses Edimeological Comparisons Between Smokers and Non-Smokers]
- CTRMN006190-6200 [Bibliography Listing Over 1,275 Articles and Books About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006201-6311 [Articles About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006312-6321 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006322-6348 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Robert Casad Hockett]
- CTRMN006349-6359 Hearings Before the Consumer Committee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statements of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers and Dr. Robert C. Hockett]
- CTRMN006360-6370 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [References Reporting on Tobacco and Nicotine]
- CTRMN006371-6412 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress First Session on H.R. 643 A Bill to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act with Respect to the Labeling of Packages of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes (and Similar Bills) [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006413-6492 Hearings Before the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on S. 559 and S. 547 Bills to Regulate Labeling of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes [Statement of Dr. Clarence C. Little]
- CTRMN006493-6533 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of the Council for Tobacco Research U.S.A. History and Organization]
- CTRMN006534-6540 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Clarence Cook Little, SC.D.]
- CTRMN006541-6548 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Robert Casad Hockett, Ph.D.]
- CTRMN006549-6577 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little]
- CTRMN006578-6611 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement Concerning the Origin and Purpose of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee and Its Proposed Functions]
- CTRMN006612-6614 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory]
- CTRMN006615-6618 Research Into Smoking and Health [Arguments Against Tobacco Cancer Link]
- CTRMN006619-6623 [Study to Examine Reported Causes of Death in Each of 17 Regions in Houston Specifically the Five Major Respiratory Diseases]
- CTRMN006624-6624 A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers [Industry Promotes Research Into Tobacco Disease Link]
- CTRMN006625-6625 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Board of Directors [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006626-6627 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Scientific Advisory Board [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006628-6634 No. E-121,486 I. D. Rogers, Individually and As Independent Executor of the Estate of Marjorie Helen Rogers, Deceased; Et Al Vs. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Et Al in the District Court of Jefferson County, Texas 172nd Judicial District Third Amended Notice of Intention to Take Oral Deposition [Matters on Which Ctr Witnesses Must Be Knowledgeable]
- CTRMN006635-6967 Deposition of Dr. James Glenn [Deposition of Glenn in the Matter of Broin]
- Author
- Ctr
- Request
- 118
- Type
- ANNUAL REPORT
- Box
- 002
- UCSF Legacy ID
- jnq30a00
Document Images
•~ EJ; f~~(~~ C)t~ 1 ~~ 17
C
G~2
~
o0
1977 KI:POR•r t3
of
TIIE COUNCIL FOR TOI3ACCO IIUSEARCII-U.S.A., Inc.
TIiE COUtiC1L FOR TOBACCO i(!'.SEAIt/:1t-U.S.A., Inc.
110 Eue[ 59t1a Strcct, New Yurk, N.Y. 100'l'L
.
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
HANS MEIER, D.V.M., Dr. Mcd. Vct., M.R.S.H. M
~
Senior StaB Scierttist 00
to Tbc Council for Tobacco Rcscarch-U.S.A., Inc.
a: of Decembcr 31,1977
SHELDON C. SOMMERS, M.D., Chairman
Director of l.aboratories. Lenox Hill Hoapital i
Clinlcal ProJasor o/ Pathology
Collegc of Physicians A Surgeons of Columbia University
New Yoct, Ncw Yocf Thc Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine
LEE W. WATTENBERG, M.D.
Professor of Pathology
DePartmcnt of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology
Uruvcrsity of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis, Minnesota
~
RICHARD M. BINO, M.D.
Director of Cardiology and Intramural Medicine
Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, California
ProJessor o/ Mediclne
University of Soutbcrn California School of Mcdicinc
Los Angeles, California JQHN P. WYATT, M.D.
Director
Tobacco and I icalth Research Inrtitute
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
F--
U
JOSEPH D. FELDMAN, M.D.
Head, De nt of Immunopathology
Scripps inic and Research Foundation Scientific Staff of The Council
La JolIa, California
WILUAM U. GARDNFR, Px.D.
Scientific Director, The Council for Tobacco Rcscarch-U.S.A., Inc.
E. K. Hunt Professor oJ.tnatomy (emeritus)
Yak University School of Medicine
New Havcn, Connecficut
WILLIAM U. GARDNER, PH.D.
Scientific Director
ROBERT C. HOCKETT, PH.D.
Research Director
DONALD I i. FORD, Pu.D. VINCENT F. LISANTI, D.M.D.
ROBERT J. HUEBNER, M.D. Associate Research Director Associate Research Director
ChieJ, Laboratory of RNA Tumor Viruses
National Cancer Institute JOHN H. KREISIIER, Px.D. DAVID STONE, Ptt.D.
Bcihcsda, Maryland Associate Research Director .itssociatt Research Director
LEON O. JACOBSON, M.D.
Director, The Franklin McLean Memorial Research Institute
Regenstein ProJe.uor o/ Biological Sciences
Univcraity of Chicago
ChicYgo, Illinois
HENRY T. LYNCH, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Departaoent of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
Creighton Universiiy School of Medicine
Omaha, Nebraska
r
, Introduction
coNMErrrs
Introduttioo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Abstracts of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . .` . . - . 6
Canccr-Rclatod Studies . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Tbc Rcsp'tratocp System . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Ncart and CLrculatioo . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Ncuropharmscoioyy and Pbysiology . . . . . . . . 44
Phuusaco~ and Biochcmistry . . . . . . . . . 49
Immuno1ogy and Adaptive Mcchrnistns . . . . . . . 54
P,pidcmioloa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Mis<xllanoaus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Active I'ro}ccts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Compkted Projiects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Indcz o( Principal Investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Iasdcx of Senior Autbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
As its quartcr-century mark approacbcu, The Council for Tobacco Ro-
xarch reviews its history with a scn.e of jrati&atioa over progrtss in several
dircctions, sonic dcgroe of Irustration in othus, and a considcrabk mcastut
of optimism for the future.
In the past 24 years. Tbc Council bas provided substantial support for
what may well be the world's most eztctuive non-governmcntal rescarch pro-
gram conccrning tobacco use and health. Tbe basic policy adopted at the outsct
has bccn maintained, that is, to platx tcsponsibility lor the direction and guid-
ance of Ihe rcxarch c/fort in the hands o/ a Scientibc Advisory Board, and
to havc thc rescarch conducted by indcpcndcnt invatigaton in their own insti-
tutions. 2icnce, whatever contributions to acicntiBc progress may be attributable
to The Council's program are due very largcly to the distinguished men who
have served on this Board.
With major emphasis upon cancer, heart diseases and chronic lung ailrncnts,
ttx Board has consistently counselled sirong attention to the multiple steps and
stages in the pathogcncsis of thcse aging-associated "constitutional discases."
Basis for this emphasis was a conviction that rapidly developing new techniques
and concepts in biochemistry should provide powerful tools for elucidating
Ihex multiple steps and staga, with a reasonabk hope of short-circuiting or
blocking one or more of them and thus prcventing the discase or delaying
its onxt.
By the end of 1977, this program had produced more than 1,500 fcports
and articles in accredited acientific journafa by scientists acknowledging Council
support. Thcir ultimate sijrtilicance in relation to the goals cannot be fully
appraised at this lime. Tbe mosaic is complex and emcrgin= pictures arc still
far from clear.
It is frequently stated that, historically, many of the most important ad-
vanccs in mcdicine have been made by unprsdicubk empirical discovery. Yet,
in thcse days, such discoveries arc most likely to be made by akrt individuals
in the course of systematic studies juwSed by a good rationak. Thc maintenance
of scientific cnvironmenu •cooducive to such discoveries is, thcrefore, an im-
portant responsibility ol any jranting orjanization.
The prescnt report contains abstracts of manuscripts publishcd in 1977
that acknowlcdgcd Council sponsorship. Thc abstracts speak for themselves.
They illustrate Council policy that grantocs alone shal/ be responsible for dis-
ciosing their rescarch findings in atxcpted medical and acienti6c journals or
before medical and scientific organiutans.
The Council is continuing its program of support to indepcndent research-
ers in bio-mcdicine with its original goals.
5
.
r
Abstracts of Reports
Following arc abtracd, approved by the autbors, of reports on new
rescarch acknowlodtiag w+ppoit frorq The Council that have appcarcd in scien-
tiBc journals ainoc pubiicatioo of tttc 1976 Report. The name of the recipient
ib in italics.
The abstracts aro srouped under the.c headings: 1. Cutcer-Related Studies,
11. The Respiratory System, 111. Heart and Cinculation, IV. Ncuropharmacology
aad Physiology, V. Pharuucology and Biochemistry. VI. Immunology and
Adaptive Mochaniuns, VII. P.pidemiolo=y, VIII. Misccllaneotu.
I. Catscet+Related Sttrdiei
REPRESSIBLE AND INDUCIBLE FORMS OF
DIM kT.T'HYLNITROSA1vtiNF.DEMETHYLASE
I`(ak SprasuoDawky rsts and inbred strains of male mice were used in
this study of dimothylaittnsamioo (DMN)-0omcthylasc with respect to kinctic
cbarsdaitttia and rsspoara to Inducer pretreatment; atrain-0ependencc of rc-
pratubility and iaducibility was also iavcstlgated in the mice. Results show that
two cnsyme forms, with diffcrcat kinetic cbaracteristica and opposite responses
to iw vlro enzyme inducer pretreatment, underlie hepatic DMN-demothylase ac-
ti.ity. In kinetic uudia, detcnoinatioo of the Hotstce plot of DMN-demcthyl-
arro using a DMN substrate cooocntration range of 0.5 to 200 mM yields
three Intcrsotiing line segments from which widely different K. and V_ may
be ca1cvlated. Identically p.ucrncd Hofsteo plots arc obtained with rat and
tttouw postmitocLondrial wpcrrutant frauions, as well as with the isolated
microsorrwt The lorv-sub.usia-ranye line sejment (0.4 mM) and the high-
substrate-ranga se$nxat (50-200 mM) corrapond, in both the rat and the
toouao, to two ditfcrcot entymatic fonns of DMN-demethylase (DMN-dc-
mothylaao I aod U, rtspoctivcly) wbich have the following diffcrent regulatory
charactcrutica: (1) Pretreatment of rau and tnicc with the polychlorinatcd
bipbcnyl. Aracloc 1254, bciap about repression of DMN-dcnxthylase 1 and
induction of DMN-daaethylue 11; both responses arc stronger in the rat than
in the mouse. (2) Pretreatment with phcnobarbital rcpresscs enzyme I in both
spocics; bowcver, it induces enzyme 11 only in tho rat. (3) Prctreatmcnt with 3-
mcthykho7anthreao wbstarstially rcprcsscs DMNdcmcthylasc I in the rat only;
it is itscIIective in sitni8cantly iaducocins any other enzymatic activity. Impor-
tantly, the acnetically distincx nature of the two forms of hcpatic DM N-Jcmcthyl-
aso is suggested by the substantial diAcrences in the urain-depcnckncc of the
repressibility of enzymo I and iadueibility of enzyme 11 in a series of nine in-
bred strains of mice.'IDe mouse lung eontaias only the induciblc-type of DMN-
demctDylasc; howevcr, the rankint of inducibuitics is diSercnt from that of
bepat:c enzyme II.
Arcar, J. C. cr al.
Zciuehrifr /ur Krcds/orchwny wtd 1l'linixlu Oniologie 89:181-199, 1977.
6
Otlser srrpportf Natiooal Caacer Itratiuu.. u
From the Se.mcn's Mcmorial Research Iaboratory. U. S. Public Health Scrvic. V
Ho.pital, New Orlcans, and tLe Dop.rUatat of >•tediciot, Tulane Univreraity p(
Medical Center, New Orleans.
ONCO-DEVELOPMENTAL Af.KAI1NE PHOSPIfATASE ISOENZYMES
Previous studies havo shown that tumor alkaline phosphatases have their
counterparts in relatively early stagcs of human dovclopmcnt. For ezampk, the
chorionic phase I isocnzyme in 6-]0 week tropboblast microvillar tissue coa-
sisu of two heat-scnsitive, f.-homoarynino-inlhibited bands. The fastcr ono, 9F
band A. exhibits none of the antijenic dcterminanes known for various alkaline lX
phosphatase isoeazymcs and the slower one shares determinants of the liver F.,_
type. After ten weeks, alkaline phosphataae of the term placental type appcars V
in syncytiotrophoblast ulls, and the chorionic type becomes much less promr-
rxnt. Further evidence presented here indicates that the chorionic (6-10 week)
tissue isocnzyme lacks the antigenic determinants of term placental isoenzyme.
Still more evidcnce suggests that the counterpart of chorionic band A is to be
found in the tatis, leading tbe authors to question whether this band is pro-
duccd by teratocarcinoma of the testis or by canccr of the lung. In the present
study of ncoplastic transformation in relation to oncodeveloprriental gCae ex-
pression, the lracheobronchial tree of humans with cancer of the lung was
chosen as the model, since all transformational stages from basal cell hypcr-
plasia to carcinoma in siru can be expected to be found in the nontumor arr.as.
Significant levels of urciroembryonic antigen (CEA) and human chorionic
gonadotropin (HCG) were found in extracts of bronchial epithdial cells from
non-ncoplastic as well as neoplastic areas. It may be, therefore, that the onco-
dcvclopmental gerxs for CEA and HCG arc turned on early in transforming
cells and penist in malignancy.
Fithman. W. 11. rr al.
In: Fishman, W. H. and Scll, S. (cds.): Onco-devclopmanrol Grnr Erpreuion,
New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1976, pp. 165-176.
Other support: National Cancer Institute.
frrom thc Tufts Canccr Research Centcr, Tufts University School of Medicine,
lknton.
I't1ENOTYI'1C ALTERATION OF ISOENZYME PROFILES OF
ALKALINE PIIUSPHATASE IN HeLa TCRC-1 CELLS GROWING IN
IMMUNOSUPPRESSED RATS
Whcn grown in culture, the human cell line, HcLa TCRC-l, produces the
hcat-slrblc carcinoplaccntal Regan isocnzyme of alkaline phosphatasc esclu-
sivcly. ]fowcvcr, as this paper describes for the first time, a profound altcratioa
takcs place in the isoenzyrne profile of alkaline phosphatase when HcLa TCRC-
I is grown as a solid tumor in immunoauppresscd rats. Acrylamide gcl clectro-
phoresis rcveals a decreaae in the Regan isoenzyme with a simultaneous appear-
ance and increase in new fa.st-moving isoeozyme bands. After 30 days of
7
growth ln vivo, no Retaa i+oeazymo )s visiblo and a siagle faat-moving iso-
enzyme, band is the dorttinant iaocasymc. This new cnzymc form ia idcntillcd as
the oncountsionlc (FL) isocnxyrrse Rnt characterizcd in the FL amnion celi
lirse and iater in a hcpntaaa paticnt Upon tramfcrring the tumors back to cul-
turr, the cells rcjain ilrek orisinal Regan phenotype aftcr one to two weeks.
Nevcrthc1ess, cvca though the exprewioes of the Regan isocnzymc is rcatored,
thc HeLa TCRC-1 celts' lsoaszymc expreuion has been changed, since this ccll
line alter being paucd tbrough an immutsosuppressed rat is able to rc-express
the otscoarrsniotic isocazymc at ccrtain cell dcnsi:ies in culture. Such growth of
hurnan canccr ce/ls in itutnunasupptessod animal hosts may provide a modcl
systtm for the study o[ carcinoXcnic expraaioa.
Sia.-er, R. M. and Fishrrsan, W. H.
In: Fishman, W. H. and Sell, S(eds.): Onco-devcfopmenraf Grnc Eaprctrion,
New York: Academic Press, Inc.. 1976, pp. 177-184.
Other sapportt National Cancer Institute.
From the Tufts Canccr Research Ccnter, Tufts University School of Medicine,
Boswn.
CARCINOPLACENTAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE: BASE LEVEL
AND HORMONE-INDUCED ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH
EVENTS IN THE CELL CYCLE
The Regan isocnzyme (a carcinoplaccntal gcnc product first discovered in
a bronchogenic cancer and subsequently found in a variety of other human
carscus) is a placental alkaline phoaphatasc isocnzymc which is also produced
by the HcLa cell model system. HeLa TCRC-1, a particular cell line which is
rnonophenotypic with respect to the Regan isocnzyme, is cxamined in this
study of prodniaoloaa rcgufation of alkaline phosphatase as a function of evenu
in the cell cycle. Results show that DNA synthesis is not required for hormone
induction of the Rcjan lsocnzyrne since induction occurs in the presence of
hydroxyurca, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Additionally, when partial-
ly synchrooizcd cells are allowed to leave the S period prior to hormone treat-
ment, and hydroxyunea is added to prevent cells from enicring the next S
period, hormone induction of the Rcgan isocnzyme is still otncrvcd. This indi-
utes that initiation of expreuion of hormone-induced carcinoplaccntal alkaline
phosphatase occurs prior to the DNA synthetic phase of ttic ccll cycle. -lhis
finding can be harmonircd with previous uudics on other ccll lines by hypothc-
sizins a two-step mcehaniun of hormone action in which the first induction step
requires DNA synthpis, while the secorKd step, which is more closely rclatcd
to transeription and translation aequencea in the Gt period, does not. It is this
aeeatd atep whieh is functional in the TCRC-1 cells.
Singtr, R. M. and Firhman. W. 11.
Di/Jerenriarion 5:127-132, 1976.
Other support: National Cancer Institute.
From the Tufts Cancer Rescarch Center, Boston.
DEVELOPMECI-(-AL PHASE-SPECIFIC ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
1SOENZYMES OF HUMAN PLACENTA AND THEIR OCCURRENCE
IN HUMAN CANCER
The appcannce in tumors of a dcvelopmcntal protein antigen such as
Regan isocnzymc, a placcatal-typc alkaline pbosphatasc, may indicate the to-
exprcasion of a gcne set characteristic of a particular event in early dcvelop-
ment. Information of this sort may help dassity stages in neoplastic protrtis-
sion. This preliminary communiutloo describes alkaline phoaphataac ckctro-
phorctic patterns charactcristic of thrce phases in early human trophoblastic
developrnent. Thc Phase 1(6 to 10 weeks) pattern consists entirely of two
heat-senaitivc. Lhomoarsioine-inhibitcd bands, the slower one possessing anti-
gcnic detcrminants of the liver-bono type of alkaline phosphatase and the
fastcr one lacking any of the known alkaiinc ptsosplutase antigcoic determi-
nants. Tlsc Phase 2(11 to 13 weeks) pattern shows a mixture of Phase I and
Phase 3 (14 to 16 weeks) isocnzynx components, the latter of which has two
isocnzyme bands with the characteristics of term placental alkaline ptwsphatasc.
These three patterns of devclopmental phase-specibc placental alkaline phos-
phatasc correspond, in order of appearance, to non-Rejan isoenzymc, a mixture
of non-Rcgan and Regan isoenzymet and Regan isoenzynx as are found in a
variety of human cancer tissues. Examples of each phase's occurrence in human
cancers arc given, arx] in this way a guide is provided for interpreting tumor
alkaline phosphatasa as retkctions of the activation of phase-specific tropbo-
blastic gcoes.
Fishman, L., Miyayama, H., Driscoll, S. G. and Firhman, W. H.
Canccr Rctearcb 36:2268-2273, 1976.
Other support: National Cancer Institute.
From the Tufts Research Center and the Department of Pathology, Tufts Uni-
versity School of Medicine; the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical
School, and Boston Hospital for Womea, Boston.
R1:GULATORY CON7'ROLS OF ONCOTROPHOBLAST PROTEINS AND
DI;VI:LOPMIiNTAL ALKALINE PtfOSPHATASES IN CANCER CELLS
Regan isoenzymc (placental-typo alkaline phosphatase) and human chori-
onic gonadotropin (1(CG) arc two oncotrophobiast proteins which arc onco-
dcvclopmental gcnc products readily studied in human cancer patients and in
several cxpcrimcntal systems. Three such mockls are: ( I) IieLa sublines
TCRC-1 and TCRC-2, which produce Regan and non-Regan isoenzymes, (2)
liep-2 and FL amnion cell lines acting as models for the reciprocal expression
of dcvclopmcntal genea, and (3) in vivo modulation of developmental tcne ex-
pression in licLa cclls. In this last instance, for examplc, Hel.a TCRC-l celts
grow in immunosuppresscd rats, forming a tumor nodule which expresses a
new oncoamnion (FL) isoenzyme, while the Regan isoenzyme disappears.
Whcn thcse tumor cells arc returned to culture medium, however, the FL
8 9
spodes disappean and the Repn isocnzyme reappears. This panicular modcl
is ycpocted to pra,ve very uscful in intcrpretinj tbe various data obtained with
oell cvItures and lurtson from catscer patients. A chronology of early devclop-
mwt has already beca most helpful in tbis regard, since the counterparts of a
tsumber of tumor ptotciru appaar as early as gametogcncsis and as late as ten
.vects of nstation.
FLshrrwn, W. H. and Singer, R. M.
Cancer Rexarclr 36:4256-4261, 1976.
OlJser aupporlt National Cancer Institute.
From the Tufts Cancer Reuoarch Center, Tufts University School of Medicine.
Boston, and the Depariment o( Auatomy, Fairkigh Dickinson University School
o[ Dcatiatry, HackcnsacY. N. J.
EVIDENCE FOR ALTERED GENE REGULATION iN HcLa CELLS
RETURNED TO CULTURE AFTER GROWING IN
IIrtJ.IUNOSUPPRESSED RATS
A profound change of phersorypic exprcttan occurs when HcLa cells
cloned for the exclusive production of the Rcgan isocnzyme of alkalinc phos-
phataso am grown in immunosupptrsscd rats. In the course of a sequential al-
tualioo in the isocnzynso axpt+wion during tumor growth, the Regan isoco-
zymo disappears and an coca+moiao (FL) is+oeazymo becomes the dominant
lorut. Tho presutt report dtscriba the isocnzymc regulation after these cells
are tzturnod to culture for at least thrca months. These cells in culture dcmon-
strato a dcasity-depcgsdcat alteratioa in isoenzyme profiles. The Regan iso-
enzyme is ahe dominant isocnzynsa form in new, sparsely populated cultures.
Whila the oocoauwion Loeazymo prcdomiaut.cs in the later hiyh-dcnsity stages
of growth. Such a cell Iim which can be made to produce the Regan :soen-
zytne by wlWting cclls In low density and which wiL retxpress the oncoam-
nion (FL) isocstzymc at hith-ce11 density might be very useful in the study of
isocazymo rc:ulation in human cancer cells. The eSects of prcdnisolone on
tbcso cdls ia culture anc variable, depending on the time of its addition. A
marked increase in cuzyme kvels is soen when the hormone is added early in
tho growth ryck. Enzyme induction is restricted to the Regan iaocnzymc, while
honswwo-mediated diminution in enzyme activity is confincd to the oncoamnion
(FL) isocnzymc.
Singer, R. M. (Fuiunan„ W. fl.)
Cancer Rcsearch 36:4262-4265, 1976.
OlJrer support: National Cancer Institutc.
From the Department of Anstomy, Fairkigh Dickinson University School of
Dcntistry, Hacktnsack, N. J.
•
IDENTIFICATION OF A IIUTANOL-EXTRACTABLE HUMAN
PLACENTA-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN WITH ALKALINE
PIfOSPHATASE ACTIVITY
This study focuses on the placental rnembrane-associatcd antigcns «lcased
by a-butanol, an organic solvcnt, which "ubilizes a number of cell membrane
componentt. Most of the tissue lipid is extracted into the alcohoi traction kav-
ing the glycoprotcins, polyuccharidcs and other water-solubk components in
thc aqueous phase. In this series of experiments. bomolpenized whofe-term pla-
ccntae from diffcrcnt individuals were treated with n-butanol and the immuno-
gcns-containing aqueous fractions were used to raise bcterologous hyperimmunc
scra in rabbits. Immunoclecarophoresis of the anti-placeota antiscra revealed at
least siz antigcnic components in the placental extracts even after they had
been completely absorbed with pooled mak serum prote'ms. However, the anti-
scra so absorbed, designated (-PMS), still reacted strongly with extracta of
normal adult intestinc and kidney. Similar reaction patterns were also obtained
with individual butanol extracts of I1 various other rarmal adult tissues and
with a composite extract containing equal amounts of each of the 13 individual
extracts. Of the six antigcnic components in the placental extracts reacting with
the (-PMS) antiscra, only the one associated with alkaline phosphatase activity
retained its reactivity. Homogcnoous placental alkaline phoaphatasc confirmed
this immunologic and enzynologic identity. Extracta from each of three pla-
ccntae injected into three pairs of rabbits all produced an identical antibody
reaction with the unique dcterminant(s) of placental alkaline phosphatasc. Ex-
tracts of 14 other placentae reacted with each of these antisera to form a singk
precipitin line of identity. Thcse results firmly establish that placental alkaline
phosphatase is a characteristic placenta-specific fetal protein.
Chang. C-H. and Angctlia, D. (Fisbman, W. N.)
The Journal o/ Immunololy 117( I): 91-96, 1976.
Other support; National Cancer Institute.
From the Tufts Research Center and the Department of Pathology, Tufts Uni-
vetsity School of Medicine, Boston.
DIRECT IMMUNOPEROXIDASE STAINING FOR REGAN ISOENZYME
OF ALKALINE PIIOSPIIATASE IN HUMAN TUMOR TISSUES
Immunohistochcmical localization of Rcgan isoenzymc by a direct pcroxi-
dasc-labcling technique was obscrvcd in certain ,ckcted cancer tissue cells by
both light and electron microscopy. Among five turrwrs selectcd for cxamina-
tuon, two cases (I 6c 2) that were histoclxmically confirmed by their estrcme
sensitivity to L-phcnylalaninc (LPA) also ahowcd a spocific immunopcroxidase
rcaction for Rcgan isocnzymc and did not show any difference between the
histochcmical localization of Rcgan isocnzymc and the immunopcroxidase-stain-
ing one at thc light microscopy kvcl. Thc Regan isocnzymc in these cancer
cclls was scen prcdominantly in the cytopiasm containing diffuse and fine granu-
lar «action producu, but it was also noted in the cell border area. Immuno-
cytochcrnical studics at the electron microscopic level were confined to the
tumor tissue from case I where Regan iaocnzymc could be specifically dcmon-
stratcd on Ne plasma mcmbranc. On the other hand, cancer cells from case 3
10 11
-17
oootainiai Lhornoar=inlno-.cnsiiivo alkaliao pbosphatase isocnzymc and from
t.ases 4 and 5, ac3oGiod becauao ot tLa abscaco of alkaline phosphatasc activity,
werc apparently untwctivo to the apcciAc unmunoperoxidasc staining. Based on
thcao fiadlnaa, posoocidaae-labelcd antibody speciLc for human placenta has
bceu suc,canfully used for dotcctin= Rogan Isoenzymc in cancer cclis, because
ths identity ot piacental alkaline phosphatasc with Rcgan isocnzymc has been
well establlsbod. Tha authors fcol that these LPA-acnsitive tumors rcprescnt a
clao of caaccrs that sbouM be investigated from the point of view of cxpres-
sion of embryoaic ycaca.
]•(iyayama, Ii., Doclltast, G. J., Memoli, V.. Gandbhir, L. and Fishmun. W. !f.
Cancer 38(3):1237-11.46, 1976.
OtJsar anpportr Nationaf Caocer Institute.
From the Tufts Cancer Reseanch Ccnter and the Dcpartmcnt of Pathology.
Tufts Univcrsity School of Mcdicinc. Boston; and the Departmcnt of Pathology.
Poodvilk Hospital, Walpole, Mass. ~
TRACHEOBRONCHIAL EPIT}fELIAL MULTINUCLEATION, VIRAL
INCLUSION BODIES AND MALIGNANT DISEASE
This cpidemioio=iul study was undertaken to dctcrmine any possibk re-
lationslups bctween lrschoobroochial cpithclial multinuclcation, viral inclusion
bodia, and malignant disease. (II is already known that patients with malig-
nant discase have aa increased incidctsce of multinuclcation and that thcre is
a.casonal variatioa in the number of viral inclusion bodies in the ciliatcd
epitbelium.) For this study, srncars from 4,150 patients - of whom 1.024
(yasp A) had various malignancies while the other 3.126 (groups B and C)
were sulicrias from many types of nonmalignant condit'ans - were examined
for the prcaeaoc ol viral iociusioos and multinuckated ciliatcd epithelial cells.
Low dcyres of multiouclutlon were observed most frcqucntly in the summer
in patknts both with and without known malignancy. Also, cytoplasmic inclu-
siou bodies were seen least frequently in the summer and autumn in all patients.
When group A and group C were oompuod. signifscantJy more patients with
cancer bad viral luchraion bodies. The seasonal incidence of high percentagcs of
awltiaucleatad colh in patkats with viral inclusions but without known cancer
(gToup E) followed the Dusaal pattern of being lowest in the summer; but in
tboso paticats with cancer (group D), perccntares of multinuckated cells were
hijhe.r In the summu nwnths ihaa in any of the other scasona. These obscrva-
tioos have led the authors to conclude that trachcobronchial cpichelial multi-
nucleation seems to be tr{jyetsd (1) by malignant disease anywhere in the
body and (2) by the acawnal prevalence of respiratory viruscs. Most important-
ly, this work indicatos that respiratory viruscs may havc a apccillc effcct on the
ciliatod cpithcGum of cancer paticnu.
Cfsafow, J. st al.
The Jownal of Rcprodt.ulvs Mcdiciuu 19(3) :141-146, 1977.
From the Dcpanmeat ot Aoestlscsiolojy, New York University Medical Ccnter,
Pfow Yort.
12
ENDOGENOUS GTYPE VIRUSES: DOUBLE AOENTS IN
NATURAL LIFE PROCESSES
About 20 d'Jfercnt vcrtebrato apoci•u arc now known to harbor C-typo
RNA viruscs. In man, the presence o[ these particks is suggested by electron
microscopic, biochemical and acro(ogic siudia, altDoujh a definite replicating
human virus has yet to be isolatcd. Thcse cadojcnous viruses aro inbcritod
through the germ cell and their production is regulated by tenetic information
carricd in the hoat celL Two daascs of cndo^„-cnan C4ypo virvscs, ocotropic aad
xeswtropic, which may have their counterp.rta in man, have been recognized
in certain animals, particularly the ttaassc. Ecotsopic viruacs sprcad through
the host, can be easily transmitted to cclla of ihe same species and can induce
malignancy. Xcnotropic vinnes caanot infect cells from their host spocia but
arc infectious for cells of hctcroloyotn apctics. The interaction between tbcso
two types of viruses could result In the traasfcr among spccia of genetic in-
formation rclating to normal life processcs and malignancy. The author coo-
cludcs that cndogcnous C-type viruses may be positive rcgulaton of embryo-
genesis, dillcrcntiation and normal cell development, as well as of the extrcascs
of thcse processes, cell agioj, auroim.muoo diacase and cancer.
Levy, J. A.
BiomeJicinc 24(2):84-93, 1976.
Other aupport: National Cancer Instituta.
From the Department of Medicine and the Cancer Rescarch Institute, Univer-
sity of California School of Medicine, San Francisco.
ENDOGENOUS C-TYPE VIRUSES IN NORMAL AND
"ABNORMAL" CELL DEVELOPMENT
In this comprchcnsivic examinatioa of endo=enous C-type virusea in nor-
mal and "abnormal" cell devclopmeat, the viruses' potential rofe in the proo-
csses of normal maturation (embryo9eocsis aDd differentiation) aad aging (au-
toimmunity and cancer) arc discussed. These C-type viruses, which are budding
RNA viruses with lipoprotcin coats, art endogenous, /i.. inherited in the genes
of many spccics, and have been implicated in cancer in aevcral speciq of animals.
Study of the role of tlxsc viruses in nature has been aided greatly by the mouse
rnodcl system, since mice develop diseases simifar to those of humans. Three
classes of murinc C-lypc viruscs have been idcntiflcd by host range and xro-
lugical studies. One of these classes, exemplified by the xcnotropic virus, is
prescnt in early embryos, in cells undergoing normal differentiation and in
cancer cells. The other clruses, ecouvpic and amphotropic, arc found primarily
in animals with pathological cooditioos. All thcse C-typc viruscs are expressed
spontaneously by cclls at certain frequencies and titans during the lifetimc of
the mouse. A nonimmunoglobulin factor has becn identificd in normal mouso
scra which specifically neutralius the xcnotropsc virus class of cadogcnous G
typc viruses. Virus expression, thcrcfore, appears to be regulated by intracellu-
lar as well as humoral factors. These observations suggest that C-type virusca
play a role in natural processes, particularly normal maturation and aging. It
13
is also susgutad that these muriae virwes may have counterparts in humans in
whose tiusru eado8t:noto visira particks havts boen detectcd.
Levy. J. d.
Catscer Rsssarck 37 ( g):2957-29t18, 1977.
OtJssr aapportt National Cancu' Institute.
From the Cancu Rcseanch Instituta and the DcparUneot of Medicine, Univer-
siry of Californla Modical Conter, San Fraacisco.
ANfIOEN-SPECIFIC NONIMMUNOOIABULIN FACTOR TIiAT
NEUTRALIZES XENOTROPIC VIRUS IS ASSOCIATED WIT/f
MOUSE SERUM LIPOPROTEINS (MURINE C-TYPE VIRUS/
ULTRACEAfTRIFUaAL SF1'ARATION)
Mouse acnt spoct>,cally neutralize xutotropie but not ecotropic viruses, this
aeuttalizaelon being attributable to some soluble serum factor and not ctTccted
by iatmunogiobtrliw. Because both senotropic virus and the solubk neutralizing
factor (NF) are preseatio all house mice, the authors have suggested that NF
plays a role in the regulation o( endogenous xepotropic viruscs. Intcraction of
NF with the virus at the eell surface may change the internal mileu and thero-
by a>Toct normal life prooeases. This serum factor is further characterized in
this n:port. It is stable at pH 2-7 and resists ether extraction, freezing or brief
heatirtg to f00' C. Ultratxntrifugal acparation of immunoglobulins and lipo-
proteim dertwwastrates the association of NF with the serum lipoprotcins. Gel
panseation chromato;raphy localius it in the region of lipoprotcins and IgM
expiaiainj the previous eooclusion of others that it is an immutwglobulin. Vari-
ous procedures aLo show Ihat It is twt the 70,000 molecular wcight glycopro-
tcia(s) circulating in mouse acrutst in high titer. Ultracentrifugal fractionation
of mouse lipoproteins indicates that most of the NF activity is concentrated in
the deosity intervai 1.019-1.175 j/cros. Additional studies should determine
whether NF is associatcd with one of the major classes of lipoprotcins or with
a speciAc atiaor lipoprotein specics within this density interval. Preliminary
evideaoo suggests that a pnotein moiety of NF may be important for neutraiiza-
tioa. Low dernity lipoproteins in human serum have been reported to have a
regulatory elYoci on ceU-nxdiated immunity, blocking thymus-derivcd (T) celi
aetivatina and mixed lympbocyte reactions. The recognition, reported here, of a
faUor associated with mouse serum fipoprotcins which spccitkally inactivata
a virus represents a nooirrununoglobulin ncutraliwng rcaclion to an cndoa-cnoua
virus by a boat.
Loony J. C., Kane, J. P., Okszko, O. aat L.avy, J. A.
Procecdinai o/ the Natlo+rof .tcadcmy o/ Sckncct o/ the Unitcd S/arca a/ .(rncr-
k. 74:276-280, 1977.
Other asrpportt National Canocr Itutitute and National Ifcart and Lung
Irnlitute-
From the Cancer Research Institute, the Cardiovascular Rcscarch )nstitutc and
the Depanment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
INDUCTION BY CIGARETTE SMOKE OF ARYL HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE ACTiVITY IN TIiE RAT KIDNEY AND LUNG
Previous invatigators have reported a relatioaship between the inducibiliry
of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylaso (AHH) activity and suaccptibility to the do-
vciopmcnt of skin tumon in mice and pouibly lung cancer in man. This study
of cigancltc-smoke-induood AHH aUivity represertts an attempt to understand
the biochemical reasons for such a linkage. A IS-minutc exposure to a 1/15
dilution of cigarette smoke induced AHH activity in lungs and kidneys ftom
Sprague-Dawky rau. In both lung and kidney thcre was a 2-bour lag bttwem
smoke inhalation and the enzyme irsducilon onaot. Tborcafter, the AIiH activity
increased very rapidly to peak about two hours later, reaching a maximal ao-
tivity which corresporxf(d to three or four times that o( normal rats. Up to four
successive inhalatiorn administered at 2-hour intervals induced both lung and
kidney hydroxylase activities additively. Tbe maximal etIect corresponded to
about 10 times the control value. Compared to the kidncy enzyme, the lung
AHH activity was about three or four times more sensitive to small concentra-
tions of cigarcttc smoke. Measurement of RNA and protein synthesis rr.quire-
mcnu showed that protein synthesis was continuously required for the atab-
lishment of the AHH induction but RNA synthesis was only necessary in the
initial period of the phenomenon. To further characterize the lung and kidncy
AHH activity, the half-life of the eigarette-smoke-induccd AHH activity was
compared to mcthylcholanthrnnc-induced AHH activity. Ovcrall, the authors
feel that their results support the hypothesis that the inducing agents in cisa-
«lte smoke might not be polycyclic hydrocarborts.
Van Cant(ort, J. and Gickn, 1.
Inlernarlonal Journal of Cancer 19:538-545, 1977.
Other support: Fond National dc la Recherche ScientJque.
From the Laboratoire dc Chimie MEdicak, ltutitut de Pathologic, Li2ge, Bel-
gium.
ARYL-HYDROCARBON IIYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY IN
LYMPHOCYTES FROM LUNG CANCER PATIENTS AND
NORMAL CONTROLS
The aryl-hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) systcm, which metabolizes and
is induced by a wide varicty of compounds, has been shown to bc genetically
dctermined in certain strains of mice. It has also been suggested that the kvel
of cncymc inducibility in human lymphocytes is gcrxtically regulated. In this
study, a new Icchniquc involving radiomctric aasay was used to compare kvcls
of AUIt activity in lymphocytcs of lung cancer patients and normal controls.
Subjects included Il malc paticnts with histologically verified lung cancer
(nine squamous cell carcinomas and two adertocarcinomas) arxf 1l age- and
sex-matchcd controls. The lung cancer patients exhibited consi.krably more
variation in AHH activity than the controls. In addition, the mcan AHH ac-
tivity of the lung cancer patients was nearly four times that of the controls.
Similar rrsults were obtaincd from comparisons made between the eight eiga-
rctte sniokers in the control group and the agc-matched lung cancer patients.
The cancer patients exhibited much more variability and a significantly higher
14 15
N
rtwa lcvel of AIiH tsctivity than the control group smokuz. While discussing
tbo implieitiom of this work for lung cancer epidemiology, the authors suggest
that AHH, by virttts of its possibk genetic polymorphic status couplcd with its
ability to ttxtaboiiTe ptrUin chemical urcinogcns, may be of extreme value as
a marker for dotecti4a of eancer suaceptibility.
Guirgis, H. A., LyAcIY, N. T.. Mate, T., Hartis, R. E., Wclls, I., Caba, L., An-
dcrsoq, J., Maloney, K., and Raakia, L
Oncoloyy 33:105-109, 1976.
OtJser asrpportr Natiooal Institutes of Health.
From the Dcpartment of Preventive Medicirx, Crcighton Univcrsity, Omaha.
ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE AC(7V1TY IN I'ULMONARY
MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES FROM LUNG CANCER
AND NONCANCER PATIENTS.
Previous rcporis have suggested that aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylasc (AHH)
inducibility may be associated with the propensity to develop lung cancer. In
order to study this hypothesized relationship, AHH activity was measured in
pulmonary alveolar nuerophages (PAM) and peripheral blood lymphocytes
from 47 paticnts with primary lung cancer and 56 paticnts bronchoscopcd for
a variety of other medical probkms. In PAM from nonsmoking patients with-
out eaaxr, the AHH level was 16s2 milliunits/ 106 cclls, whcreas nonsmokers
with primary lung t:ancer had values of 24s3 milliunits/ 10' cells. Cigarette
smolters eomistently had higher PAM enzyme values than twnsmokcn, al-
though smokers without cancer and smokers with lung cancer had similar en-
zyme ievela. Inductioa of AHH in eultured lymphocytes from nonsmokers was
signiHcantly lower tor lung cancer patients than for rancancer patients. Enzyme
induction was similar in lymphocytes from smokers whether or not they had
lung canoer. Impottantly, with eells from individual patients without lung
caaecr, a positivo correlation betwoen inducibility of AHH in cultured lympho-
eyies and AHH activity in PAM was noted. On the other hand, with cclls front
patients with primary lung eancer. PAM and lymphocyte vaiucs were not posi-
tively oorrelated. Further investigations will be necessary to delineate the mecha-
»istm rapoasible for the dissociation between AHII values in PAM and
those in lymphocytes froca lung cancer patients. However, for whatever reasons
this phenoenetson eaists, it may be of diagnostic value in the early detection of
luns cancer.
McLemore, T. L, Alartin, R. R.. Busbee, D. L, Richie, R. C., Springcr, R. R.,
Toppell, K. L., and Cantreil, E. T.
CancerRcsearrh 37(4):1175-1181, 1977.
Ot/ser aupport: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer lnstitutc and
the American Canccr Society.
From the Department of Medicioe, Baylor Collegc of Medicine, Houston. and
Departments of Biological SCKncYa and Basic Health Scicncn, North Tcaas
State University and the Texas College of Ostcopathic Medicine, Denton.
IN VITRO R:I)UCTIOti OF ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYI.ASE
IN HUMAN PULMONARY ALVEOLAA MACROPHAGES BY
BENZANTIiRACENE
The polycyclic hydrocarbon, beaxanthtsceno (BA), is capable of inducing
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylaso (AHH) in human pulmonary alveolar macro-
phages (PAMs). In the study presented here, time and dosarcaporue curves
for maximum in v(rro induction of tho AI{H enzyme system in PAMs were
established. In addition, a positive correlation was demonstrated between the
level of Altli activity in PAMs frulily lavaged from the lung and tLe degree
of induction of AHf( in cultured PAMs from individual snwkers and non-
smokers. When PAMs from either smoken or nonsmokers were cultured for
24 hours in the presencY of 10 µM of BA ptr vial, significant induction of
Alili occurrcd. Induced values of AIiH were over thrcc times those of noo-
induccd valucs for PAMs from sunokers, while induced AHH values in PAMs
from twnsmokcrs wcrc over four tima greater than the noninduced values for
thc saox individuals, indicating that BA is a good inducer of the AHH system
in cultured PAMs. Measurements such as these of the inducibiliry of AHII in
cultured human PAMs could provide an experimental system suitable for study-
ing the mechanisms responsible for the initiation of pulmonary earcinogcnesis.
McLcmore, T. L. and Martirt, R. R.
Canccr Lctlcrs 2:327-333, 1977.
Other aupport: National Institutes of Health.
From the Dcpartmcnts of Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, Baylor
College of Medicine. Houston.
RELATIONSIiIP BETWEEN LEVELS OF ARYL HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE AC17V1TY AND SUSCEPTIBILTiY TO
3-MLiTHYLCHOLANTHRENE AND BENZO(a)PYRENF.INDUCED
CANCERS IN INBRED STRAINS OF MICE
Susceptibility to 3-mcthykholanthrene (MCA)- and benzo(a)pyrcrx (BP)-
induccd,fibrosarcomas (and carcinomas) is linked to naturally occurring differ-
enccs in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) kvels, that is, where AHII in-
ductibility segregates as a codominant gene, or where noninducibility is domi-
nant. Moreover, under conditions where AHH levels arc artificially altercd, as
occurs aftcr treatment with the chemical defoliant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenxofaJ
dioxin (TCDD), the inherent resistance of AI1H nonrrsponsive mice to MCA-
induced tumors can be overcome. Mouse genetic model systems show that
when Alllf responsivcncss to MCA treatment segregates as a single autoeomal
dominant gcne, eitlxr a single autosomal codominant gene or noninducibility
can be dominant depending on the strains of mice employed. In each of the
three genetic regulatory systcros described here, the kvel of AIfH irnducibility
is corrclatcJ (or linked) to susceplibility to'tumor induction by MCA. Where
AHIi inducibility segregates as a single dominant gcne, susceptibility to MCA-
induced fihrosarcoma is correlated with expression of that gcne function.
Susccptibility to BP also correlates with high levels of AHII inducibility. High
doses of TCDD given.48 hours prior to MCA result in tumor incidences simi-
16
17
