Council for Tobacco Research
Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
Abstract
MAR
Fields
- Depository Date
- 25 Sep 1995
- Master ID
- Ctrmn00000667-6967
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- CTRMN000828-0848 by-Laws of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. [Rules and Regulations for the Operation of the Council]
- CTRMN000849-0854 Application for Research Grant [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000855-0856 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Stipulations for Receiving A Funding Award]
- CTRMN000857-0859 [Suggestions and Guidelines for Submitting A Request for A Grant]
- CTRMN000860-0871 [Transmittal of Information for Securing A Research Grant]
- CTRMN000872-0882 [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
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- CTRMN001046-1094 1957 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001095-1127 1958 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
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- CTRMN001270-1306 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
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- CTRMN001430-1485 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
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- CTRMN001530-1578 Annual Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
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- CTRMN001682-1727 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001728-1771 1975 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001772-1816 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001817-1860 1977 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001861-1913 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001914-1967 1979 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
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- CTRMN002026-2088 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
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- CTRMN002149-2223 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002224-2942 Application for Research Grant An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Study on High Temperature Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography]
- CTRMN002943-3303 [Regarding Polio and Tuberculosis As Predisposing Factor in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN003304-3322 Tobacco-Health Research Program [Display Case Showing Main Areas of Investigation]
- CTRMN003323-3326 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Rules for Approval of Grants Relating to Tobacco Use and Human Health]
- CTRMN003327-3337 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Concerning Problems of Cigarette Lung Cancer Causation and Why They Have No Been Solved]
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- CTRMN003358-3365 Some Information About... The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. ...and Its Research Program [Informs About the Purpose and Function of Organization's Research Program]
- CTRMN003366-3374 the Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board to the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. [Informs the Purposes, Policies, and the Research Program of the Board]
- CTRMN003375-3419 the Cancer-Smoking Controversy [Regards the Fallacious Conclusions of Cigarette Smoking Causing Lung Cancer From A Mathematical and Scientific Point of View]
- CTRMN003420-3425 Some Harvard Men & the Smoking Habit [Give Results of Questionnaire Relating to Biological Factors of Tobacco Smoking]
- CTRMN003426-3431 the Pathologic Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree and Lungs Reprinted From the Archives of Pathology Vol. 70 [St Finds of Equivocal Results with the Use of Tobacco]
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- CTRMN003438-3442 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology, II [Results Show Pathological Lungs in Different Cities Are Acutally Different]
- CTRMN003443-3447 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology. II [Study Comparing Pathological Conditions in 8 Different Cities Shows That Conditions Are All Different]
- CTRMN003448-3456 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology [Systematic Examinations of the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Run-of-the-Mill Cases]
- CTRMN003457-3464 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology III [When Probability Is Doubtful the Use of Variable Tables to Calculate Results Is the Best Way to Make A Precise and Accurate Answer for Sufficient Range of Pathological Conditions]
- CTRMN003465-3476 Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers [Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Have to Do with Personality Traits and Physiologic Criteria]
- CTRMN003477-3485 the Psychology of Smoking [Smoking Is Determined by Certain Personality Variables and Personal Needs]
- CTRMN003486-3490 the Tobacco and Health Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board [Regarding Information the Tobacco Industry Research Committee Do for the Research Program]
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- CTRMN003559-3560 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Guidelines for Which Grants Are Approved]
- CTRMN003561-3780 Tobacco Smoking in the United States in Relation to Income Marketing Research Report No. 189 [A Report Compiled by the Bureau of the Census for the United States Public Health Service on Smoking Characteristics in Relation to Income, Age, Region, Urban-Rural Residence and Occupation.]
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- CTRMN003784-3787 Confidential Report on Meeting January 18, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) [St]
- CTRMN003788-3797 Confidential Report on Meeting March 15, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee [St]
- CTRMN003798-3800 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN003816-3835 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003836-3852 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 3, 1955 [St]
- CTRMN003853-3869 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting February 14, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003870-3895 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 9, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003896-3907 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 9, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003908-3923 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 8, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003924-3931 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 8 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003932-3939 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 6, 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003940-3945 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN003983-3991 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN004142-4147 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 10, 1975 [St]
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- CTRMN004158-4161 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 28 1977 [St]
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- CTRMN004168-4172 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004173-4176 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004177-4178 Minutes of the Board of Directors Executive Committee Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004179-4184 Minutes of the Meeting of the Directors January 30, 1981 [St]
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- CTRMN004410-4413 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004414-4416 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004417-4420 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
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- CTRMN004434-4436 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004437-4439 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004440-4443 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004444-4446 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004447-4450 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004451-4454 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004455-4459 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004460-4463 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004464-4467 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004468-4472 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004473-4475 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004476-4480 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004481-4484 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004485-4492 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004493-4497 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 23-24, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004498-4501 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting December 9-10, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004502-4505 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004506-4510 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting La Jolla, California March 2-3-4, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004511-4516 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York New York May 25-26, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004517-4522 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 14-15, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004523-4526 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 8-9, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004527-4531 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 22-23, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004532-4538 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York May 16-18, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004539-4544 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004545-4549 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004550-4555 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Colorado Springs, Colorado March 20-22, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004556-4560 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004561-4569 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 18-19-20, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004570-4578 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Chicago, Illinois January 15,16, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004579-4585 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. May 7-8-9, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004586-4593 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 24-25-26, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004594-4598 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004599-4604 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Palm Springs, California March 24-25-26, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004605-4609 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 9-11, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004610-4614 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 15-17, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004615-4623 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 14-15-16, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004624-4626 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board June 13, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004627-4634 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 10-11-12, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004635-4643 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 4, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004644-4654 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 30-31 November 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004655-4656 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 13, 1974 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004657-4664 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 26-27-28, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004665-4672 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 10-11-12, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004673-4675 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 13, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004676-4683 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 17-18-19, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004684-4686 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 11, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004687-4694 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 28-29-30, 1976 October 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004695-4697 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Bethesda, Maryland December 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004698-4706 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Tuscon, Arizona March 23-25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004707-4708 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Tuscon, Arizona March 25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004709-4710 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York May 19, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004711-4719 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 26-28, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004720-4723 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Phoenix, Arizona January 16-17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004724-4724 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board Committee Phoenix, Arizona January 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004725-4734 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 26-27-28, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004735-4735 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Executive Committee New York, New York April 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736-4737 Confidential Report Meeting for the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736A-4736A Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004738-4747 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 18-19-20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004748-4750 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004751-4759 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 11-12-13, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004760-4769 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 17-18-19, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004770-4770 Confidential Meeting of the Report Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 18, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004771-4780 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Meeting New York, New York Aprill 9-10-11, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004781-4781 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 20, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004782-4783 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 16, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004784-4792 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 8-9-10, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004793-4794 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 9, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004795-4804 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 8-9-10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004805-4805 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 8, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004806-4806 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004807-4816 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 14-15-16, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004817-4818 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 15, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004819-4820 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 9, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004821-4831 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 21, 22, 23, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004832-4833 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 21, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004834-4843 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 6,7,8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004844-4844 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004845-4845 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Scottsdale, Arizona February 24, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004846-4857 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 20, 21, 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004858-4858 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004859-4859 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 6, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004860-4871 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 12, 13, 14, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004872-4882 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 28, 29, 30, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004883-4883 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York March 29, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004884-4895 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 19, 20, 21, 1984 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004896-4896 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 20, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004897-4897 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Palm Beach, Florida February 25, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004898-4898 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004899-4910 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004911-4911 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004912-4923 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004924-4927 for Release: A.M.'s Wednesday, April 14, 1954 ["Reaction to the Compendium "A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy""]
- CTRMN004928-4929 for Release: A.M.'s Tuesday, April 27, 1954 [Scientific Advisory Board Organized Early to Begin Research Into All Phases of Tobacco Use and Health for the Year]
- CTRMN004930-4931 for Release in A.M.'s of Tuesday, May 18, 1954 [Proposals Submitted for Cancer Research Projects for Consideration by Scientific Advisory Board]
- CTRMN004932-4933 for Release After 10:30 A.M., June 15, 1954 [Appointment of Dr. Clarence Cook Little Announced by the Tobacco Research Industry Committee]
- CTRMN004934-4937 for Immediate Release [American Cancer Society Survey Conveys the Need to Further Research to Discover Cause of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN004938-4939 for Release in Am's of Tuesday, July 20, 1954 [Edwin B. Wilson of Harvard University Became A Member of Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004940-4942 for Release: A.M.'s of Wednesday, July 28, 1954 Little Announces Research Policy of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Three Main Areas to Be Covered by Research Program Announced]
- CTRMN004943-4944 for Release in A.M.'s Thursday, August 19, 1954 [Dr. Julius H. Comroe of University of Pennsylvania, Accepted Membership on Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004945-4945 for Immediate Release (Monday, October 11, 1954) Dr. Little Gives TIRC View [Little States That No Convincing Evidence Has Yet Been Found to Prove That Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN004946-4946 for Immediate Release (Tuesday, October 12, 1954) [Timothy V. Hartnet, Chairman of Board, Stated That Public Should Be Reminded That No Lung Cancer Causing Agent Has Yet Been Identified in Tobacco]
- CTRMN004947-4947 for Release: Wednesday, October 20, 1954 Hartnett Approves Care in Research [Committee to Be Sure That Reliable Evidence Is Available Before Announcing Important Conclusions to the Public About Smoking]
- CTRMN004948-4948 for Immediate Release (Thursday, October 21, 1954) Hartnett Comments on Cigarette Paper Burning [Timothy V. Hartnett Comments That A Cancer Causing Compound on Skin of Mice Has Been Produced by Burning Cigarette Paper Under Certain Lab Conditions]
- CTRMN004949-4952 for Release: A.M.'s, Monday, November 8, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Announces Initial Grants [Six Scientific Research Grants Totalling Over $82,000 Made Public]
- CTRMN004953-4954 for Release in A.M.'s, Monday, December 6, 1954 Scientific Associate Named by Tobacco Research Group [Robert C. Hockett Appointed As Scientific Director of TIRC to Help Develop Research Into Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN004955-4956 for Immediate Release Cross-Country Lung Study Planned by Tobacco Group [Group of Pathologists Plan A Cooperative Study to Increase Knowledge of Lung Ailments]
- CTRMN004957-4959 for Release in Year-End Editions But Not Before December 27, 1954 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [TIRC Will Approve A Quarter of A Million Dollars for Research Into Public Health Problems by the End of 1954]
- CTRMN004960-4963 for Release: Monday A.M.'s, January 17, 1955 Tobacco Industry's New Research Grants Send Total to More Than $300,000 [New Research Grants Announced by TIRC to Relate to Both Human and Animal Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN004964-4966 for Release in A.M.'s of Friday, April 8, 1955 Tobacco Industry Group Votes Medical Research Fellowships [TIRC Announced Fellowship Program to Create Interest in Research Among Medical School Students]
- CTRMN004967-4969 Release Tuesday, May 17, 1955 and Thereafter Tobacco and Health Studies Cover Wide Range of Research [Although No Scientific Proof That Cigarettes or Air Pollution Cause Lung Cancer, Progress Is Being Made to Learn More About Tobacco Use and Health by the TIRC]
- CTRMN004970-4972 Tobacco Research Grants Increased to 490,000 Mark [Research Grants Are Created So Science Can Provide An Answer to Public Health Problems]
- CTRMN004973-4973 Hartnett Comments on Auerbach Paper [Many Studies on Human Lung Tissue, Not Enough Data Available to Draw A Conclusion Yet]
- CTRMN004974-4975 Anti-Smoking Theories Not Based on Complete Scientific Knowledge [Scientific Investigation Into What the Real Effects Are From Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN004976-4977 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Research Intensified in Past Year, No Proof That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004978-4980 Doctor's Survey Termed 'biased, 'says Hartnett [Questionnaire Would Give No Concrete Conclusions About Tobacco Causing Cancer]
- CTRMN004981-4982 Hartnett Alerts Burley Men to Challenge Tobacco Attacks [Doctors Are Expressing Their Doubts About Statements Already Made; Tobacco Effects]
- CTRMN004983-4984 Bright Belt Warehouse Men Told Facts Challenge Critics [Still Looking for Proof That Tobacco Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004985-4986 Tobacco Spokesman Says Facts and Position Are Unchanged [Various Experiments with Animals Showed That Cancer Was Not the Outcome From Tobacco Smoke]
- CTRMN004987-4987 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Methods Used for Cancer Research Still Do Not Give Enough Information]
- CTRMN004988-4990 British Tobacco Experiments Unable to Induce Cancers [Still No Connection, Tests Will Continue]
- CTRMN004991-4993 Tobacco Research Grants Now Over 838,000 Mark [Tobacco Research Is Getting More Support From Doctors, Scientists, and Educators]
- CTRMN004994-4996 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Summary of the Past Years' Events in Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN004997-4999 Tobacco Research Fund Raised to 1,500,000 [Finding New Ways to Break Down Tobacco]
- CTRMN005000-5001 Tobacco Industry Group Renews Medical Research Fellowships [More Medical Students Are Receiving Fellowships Than Last Year]
- CTRMN005002-5003 Hartnett Statement on Cancer Meeting Reports [There Is Still Much Research to Be Done Before Tobacco Is Linked to Cancer]
- CTRMN005004-5005 [Pathologists From Around the Country Have Studied Human Lung Tissues Over the Past Year]
- CTRMN005006-5006 [Smoking Patterns Do Not Explain Differences in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005007-5008 Hartnett Cites British Tobacco Tests Failing to Produce Animal Cancer [the Search for Cancer Must Be Broadened and Intensified]
- CTRMN005009-5010 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Claims [Although Many Believe Smoking Causes Cancer, Scientists Still Have Not Found Any Prof]
- CTRMN005011-5011 [Present Knowledge Doesn't Hint A Relationship Between Smoking and Heart Problems]
- CTRMN005012-5016 Hartnett Comments on Cancer Society Booklet [Pamphlet Omits Some Important Research Results]
- CTRMN005017-5018 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Research Committee Needs More Scientific Investigation]
- CTRMN005019-5025 Tobacco Research Funds Reach 2.2 Million Mark [Over 60 Independent Scientists Throughout the Country Are Working in Institutions to Further the Research of Cancer and Tobacco Use, They Are Listed]
- CTRMN005026-5027 Hartnett Comments on French Report [French Are Reporting Rapid Cancer Formation in Mice, Hartnett Feels It Can't Be Judged on the Basis of New Reports Without Longer Consideration and Careful Analysis]
- CTRMN005028-5030 Harnett Cites Points for Clarification in Tobacco Health Study [Smoking Study Reached the Public's Attention Before It Was Reviewed and Before the Facts Were Made Crystal Clear]
- CTRMN005031-5032 Hartnett Comments on Wynder News Stories [News Story Claims That Assumptions Have Been Made About Mouse Skin Painting Experiments]
- CTRMN005033-5037 Statement on Smoking and Health Studies [Scientists Are Developing A Program for Different Phases of Tobacco Use and Health, Members Listed]
- CTRMN005038-5045 Hartnett Says Statistics Do Not Establish Causes [Studies Are Open to Assumptions and Certain Selection of Subjects]
- CTRMN005046-5048 Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory [the Surgeon General Believes the Studies Are Missing Essential Facts That Should Be Acknowledged]
- CTRMN005049-5050 Scientist Comments on Benzpyrene Report [Benzpyrane in Tobacco Smoke, Under Investigation for Years Caused Cancer in Lab Animals But Not Humans]
- CTRMN005051-5055 "Cancer Researcher Challenges "Cause and Effect" Charges Against Smoking" [It's Difficult to Have A Cause and Effect Relationship When Dealing with Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005056-5056 [Atlantic Monthly Gives A Misleading Picture of Dr. Little and His Public Position]
- CTRMN005057-5058 Tobacco Committee Chairman Comments on Cancer Society Talk [Many Unresolved Questions About Tobacco Causing Cancer Don't Stop Researching]
- CTRMN005059-5061 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Most Tend to Believe the Anti-Cigarette Theory But It Shouldn't Be Confused with the Facts There's Still Not Enough Facts to Prove That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN005062-5062 Hartnett Says Leaflet Admits Differing Opinions on Smoking [Leaflet Tells How Scientists Disagree on Evidence]
- CTRMN005063-5066 Research Program Throws Doubts on Smoking Charges [Incorrect Claims and Harmful Effects From Tobacco]
- CTRMN005067-5069 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [More and More Scientists Had Doubts and Disbeliefs in the Charges Against Smoking As A Cause of Cancer]
- CTRMN005070-5071 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Scientists Say Smoking Has Been Proved Guilty When Linked with Human Health Problems]
- CTRMN005072-5072 Pamphlet Merely Review, Dr. Little Says [Opinions Is All the Author Gives in His Pamphlet Scientists Are Still Disputing]
- CTRMN005073-5076 TIRC Fund for Research Boosted to $2,700,000 [Grants for Independent Scientists Interested in Studying Problems of Cancer and Heart Disease When Related to Smoking]
- CTRMN005077-5080 [New Knowledge on Smoking and Health Questions]
- CTRMN005081-5081 [Veterans Study of Smoking Habits]
- CTRMN005082-5082 [Report on How There Was Existing Research Evidence and How It Was Ignored]
- CTRMN005083-5085 [Regarding Anti-Tobacco Movement]
- CTRMN005086-5086 [Benzpyrene in Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN005087-5088 [Experimental Evidence Is Weak]
- CTRMN005089-5089 Hartnett Says Article on Arsenic Goes Beyond Facts [Farmers Use of Insecticides with Arsenicals on Growing Tobacco Has Steadily Been Declining]
- CTRMN005090-5091 [Scientists Who Produce Conflicting Results Are Being Ignored by the Health Department]
- CTRMN005092-5094 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Even More Grants Have Been Made Available More Factors Have Been Associated with Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005095-5100 Tobacco Industry Group Announces Research Grants [Grant Increases to $3,200,000 List of Grants Announced]
- CTRMN005101-5103 Tobacco-Health Research Described in 1958 Report [the Report Talked About Experiments That Were Unable to Produce Cancer and the Cause and Effect Theory]
- CTRMN005104-5104 [Report Shows That Other Factors Besides Smoking Have Been Causing Lung Cancer, But Scientists Do Not Dismiss the Fact That Lung Cancer Is Possibility From Smoking]
- CTRMN005105-5105 [Anti-Smoking Campaign Is Thought to Be A One-Sided Propaganda Effort]
- CTRMN005106-5106 [Questions Arise From on-Sided Study]
- CTRMN005107-5111 Cancer Scientist's Comments on Smoking-Lung Cancer Review [Evidence on Smoking and Lung Cancer Is Accumulating, Among Other Contributing Factors]
- CTRMN005112-5117 [Comments Relating to Observation on Various Studies]
- CTRMN005118-5122 Research Grants Announced by Tobacco Industry Group [$500,000 Was Added to Research Funds, A List of Recipients with the New Grants Is Mentioned]
- CTRMN005123-5127 Research Supported by Tobacco Committee Discussed in Scientific Director's Report [It Seems That Finding An Answer to Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Are Too Complicated]
- CTRMN005128-5128 [Attacks on Tobacco, the Lung Cancer Issue Is Still Not Settled]
- CTRMN005129-5129 Nta Stand on Smoking Repeats Opinions [Statement Gives No Evidence and Is Dealing Mainly with Opinions]
- CTRMN005130-5132 Tobacco Research Group Adds New Scientific Associate [New Scientific Director Was Added to the TIRC, Curriculum of J. Morrison Brady]
- CTRMN005133-5134 Tobacco Research Group Cites Questions Raised in Heart Statement [Lack of Evidence Proposes New Questions and Doubts About Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005135-5137 New Evidence Shows Complexities of Lung Cancer, Scientist Says [Hundreds of Studies Indicate Many Factors Contribute to the Complex Chain That May Result in Lung Cancer, No One Can Figure Out the Right Factor and Still the Reported Lung Cancer Cases Are Rising]
- CTRMN005138-5140 New Grants to Scientists Made by Tobacco Research Group [Research Grants Totalling $523,000 Made to 40 Scientists This Year]
- CTRMN005141-5144 Cancer Research Opens Up New Areas, Extra Funds Appropriated for Study [TIRC Stepping Up Financial Support of Independent Health Research]
- CTRMN005145-5147 Scientists in 11 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [17 Research Grants Totaling Nearly $200,00 Awarded to Scientists in 11 States for Studies of Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005148-5151 New Direction for Tobacco-Health Research in '61, Says Chairman of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Future Research to Concentrate on How Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Originate]
- CTRMN005152-5160 Research on Smoking and Health Discussed by Scientific Advisory Board to T.I.R.C. [Health Research Expansion Called for in 22 Specific Areas]
- CTRMN005161-5162 Scientist Reports on Research Progress As T.I.R.C. Boosts Funds to $4,650,000 [Dr. Clarence Cook Little Proposed Steps for Medical Research]
- CTRMN005163-5163 Nation's Medical Students Offered Research Fellowships by Tobacco Research Group [Program Designed to Encourage Research As A Career]
- CTRMN005164-5168 Scientists in 14 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [Fifteen Grants for New Research Announced]
- CTRMN005169-5173 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Adds $800,000 for New Research [Emphasis Put on Viruses, Bioassay, Psychological and Physiological Research]
- CTRMN005174-5176 ""Significant Developments" in Cancer Research Reviewed in Annual Report by Dr. C.C. Little" [Scientific Findings of the Past Year Reviewed]
- CTRMN005177-5179 Tobacco Research Group Offers Fellowships to Medical Students to Spur Interest in Research Work [Program Designed to Encourage Career in Research]
- CTRMN005180-5180 Tobacco Research Committee Chairman Comments on Mouse Skin Painting [Harmless Everyday Substances Can Cause Cancer in Laboratory Animals]
- CTRMN005181-5182 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005183-5217 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005218-5224 52 Additional Research Grants Made by Tobacco Industry Group [Money for Studies Designed to Give New Leads to Lung Cancer and Other Health Problems]
- CTRMN005225-5225 Medical Student Fellowships Offered by Tobacco Research Group [Program to Encourage Research]
- CTRMN005226-5228 Gaps Still Exist in Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Heart Disease, Says Little [Multiple Factors and Influences That Contribute to Lung Cancer Unknown]
- CTRMN005229-5230 Scientific Director of Tobacco Industry Research Committee Comment on Resolution by American Heart Association [TIRC Welcomes Recognition of Need for Further Research to Determine Full Facts About Smoking]
- CTRMN005231-5234 Tobacco Committee Adds $1 Million for Continuing Research Studies [Scientific Advisory Board Assured TIRC Will Provide More Funds]
- CTRMN005235-5235 [Scientific Director of TIRC Sent Telegrams to the Surgeon General and the President of the Ama]
- CTRMN005236-5236 [Ama Supports Research on Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005237-5239 [TIRC Renamed and Reorganized]
- CTRMN005240-5241 Dr. Howard B. Andervont Named to the Scientific Advisory Board [Editor of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute Appointed]
- CTRMN005242-5277 Tobacco Industry Group Awards $817,165 for Health Research [37 Additional Research Grants Have Been Awarded by the Ctr]
- CTRMN005278-5282 Scientific Director C.C. Little Reports Decade of Tobacco-Health Research [Findings on What Diseases Smoking Can Cause]
- CTRMN005283-5286 Council Awards $500,000 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded for Tobacco Use and Health Research]
- CTRMN005287-5291 Summary of the Testimony of Clarence C. Little Before the Senate Commerce Committee [Discussion on Cancer and How It Affects Our Bodies]
- CTRMN005292-5319 Council Awards $514,767 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded to Scientist Over the Period of 10 Years]
- CTRMN005320-5348 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Discussion on Cigarette Smoking Being Helpful with Causing Diseases in Smokers]
- CTRMN005349-5367 Tobacco and Health Research Awards Pass $9 Million Total [Grants Given to Scientist Studying Matter Related to Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005368-5375 Tobacco-Health Research Grants Awarded New York Scientists [Scientists Approved to Continue Research on Lung Cancer and Other Diseases]
- CTRMN005376-5382 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Studies of the Respiratory System in Experimental Animals and Human Patients Especially on Causes of Pulmonary Cancers]
- CTRMN005383-5384 [Opinions of Scientists That There Is No Relationship Between Smoking and Disease]
- CTRMN005385-5387 New Tobacco-Health Research Grants Total $2 Million [Number of Approved Grants for Studies on Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005388-5388 Furst Becomes Consultant to Tobacco Research Council [Dr. Furst Advise to Council on Programs Sponsored by Them]
- CTRMN005389-5393 Studies Raise Questions About Smoking As Health Hazard [Numerous Studies Done to Show What Effect Smoking Had on Our Health]
- CTRMN005394-5400 Broad Review of Tobacco-Health Picture Covered in Dr. Little's Latest Report Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Chronic Pulmonary Ailments Are Complex in Nature, Says Noted Researcher Genetic and Environmental Factors May Be Involved Reports Scientific Director of Council for Tobacco Research [Recent Research Finding on Lung Cancer, Heart Disease and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005401-5404 Significant Smoking-Health Finding Covered in Report by Dr. C.C. Little [Findings From Independent Scientists on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005405-5408 New Tobacco-Health Grants Announced; One Helps Revive Framinghan Heart Study [Awards Granted to Independent Scientists Researching Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005409-5412 New Scientific Findings About Cancer, Heart Disease, the Lung, Other Areas, Reported by Council for Tobacco Research [New Findings From Independent Scientists Relating to Tobacco and Health Issue]
- CTRMN005413-5415 New Smoking-Health Studies Boost Total to $23-Million [Council Awards More Grants to the Study of Lung Cancer, Viruses and Cancer, Heart Disease, and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005416-5418 Progress in Tobacco-Health Research Achieved: Machines That Simulate Human Smoking [Machines to Help Scientists Effectively Study Smoke and Health Issues]
- CTRMN005419-5421 Noted Cancer Scientist Named Scientific Director of the Council for Tobacco Research [Dr. Hockett Who Was Acting Scientific Director Got Promoted to Research Director]
- CTRMN005422-5425 Massive Cancer Study Using Made-to-Order Mice [Study Using Mice to See If Human Lung Cancer Can Be Induced Regularly]
- CTRMN005426-5427 Tobacco Research Group Announces New Studies [12 New Studies Have Been Funded to Study Generic Factors in Lung Cancer and Emphysema and the Possible Influence of Nicotine on Fetal Growth]
- CTRMN005428-5429 Studies of Twins Expanded by Tobacco Research Group [Human Twins Used for Study to Determine Effects of Environment Agents on Various Diseases]
- CTRMN005430-5432 News About Smoking and Health Study Interaction of Genetic and External Influences in Lung Cancer [Studies Show That Only Minority of Smokers Get Lung Cancer Therefore Lung Cancer May Be Caused by Genetic Characteristics or External Influences Which People Have Been Exposed]
- CTRMN005433-5434 New Smoking and Health Grants Made by Tobacco Research Council [New Studies Have Received Grants to Continue Researching on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005435-5435 Yeaman Assumes Leadership of Council for Tobacco Research [Addison Yeaman Succeeds H.H. Ramm for Chairman and President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005436-5438 14 New Studies Funded by Tobacco Research Council [Grants Awarded to Studies for Inhibition of Cancer by Different Chemicals, the Influence of Nicotine on Pregnancy and the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Body's Disease Fighting System]
- CTRMN005439-5441 Progress Being Made in Research on Emphysema [Scientist Discover Ways to Help Defend Against Emphysema]
- CTRMN005442-5444 14 New Smoking-Health Projects Are Approved [Recent Research Studies Dealing with Smoking and Health Have Been Given Grants]
- CTRMN005445-5446 Grants Awarded for New Smiking-Health Studies [Scientists Were Approved for Studying of Certain Enzymes in Human Lung Cancer and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005447-5448 Tobacco Research Report Discusses Heart Disease [Studies Have Found Progressive Atherosclerosis Rank First As Number One As Causes of Death From Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005449-5451 Grants Awarded for New Smoking-Health Research [New Studies Have Been Approved for Marker Substance That May Indicate Presence of Lung Cancer and on Smoking and Pregnancy]
- CTRMN005452-5453 Tobacco Research Group Funds New Smoking-Health Projects [A New Study for Relationship of Childhood Respiratory Disease to the Development of Adult Chronic Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005454-5455 Tobacco Research Group Reports... Funds for Smoking-Health Studies Pass $46,000,000 [Amount Council Has Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005456-5458 $5.9 Millions Given for Smoking-Healths Studies [Council Has Given Millions Over the Years to Researchers]
- CTRMN005459-5460 Tobacco Research Group Says... Continued Research Needed to Find Causes of Cancer and Other Major Diseases [Council Pledges to Continue to Give Financial Support to Scientists Studying Smoke-Health Issues]
- CTRMN005461-5462 $6 Million Granted for Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Given to Scientist for Further Study]
- CTRMN005463-5465 Tobacco Research Group Continues Funding for Independent Scientists [Council Has Provided Millions Over the Years to Researchers and Will Continue to Do So]
- CTRMN005466-5467 $5.5 Million Given for Smokin-Health Studies [Council Has Given Millions to New and on Going Studies Over the Years]
- CTRMN005468-5469 Annual Report Issued by Tobacco Research Group [Over 1.5882 Reports From Scientists Acknowledging Support From the Council Have Been Published]
- CTRMN005470-5473 $6 Million Awarded for 34 New Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Were Given to Scientists with New Studies and Continuing Ones From the Council]
- CTRMN005474-5474 Ctr's Latest Report Sets Abstract Record [More Reports Were Published From Scientists Acknowledgingg Support From Council for Tobacco Research Than Any Other Report Published in the Past]
- CTRMN005475-5475 Scientists Show... Growing Interest in Doing Smoking and Health Studies [Growing Number of Application Have Gone to the Council of Tobacco Research for Funding on Smoke Related Diseases]
- CTRMN005476-5479 $7 and A Half -Million Awarded for Smoking-Health Research [Millions Given to Scientists for Studying Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005480-5481 Council for Tobacco Research Announces... Hoyt and Hockett Retire After 30 Years: Gertenbach Is Named New President [Introduction to President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005482-5482 Ctr's Annual Report Sets Abstract Record [the Number of Reports Acknowledging Support by the Council of Tobacco Research Is More Today Than It Was Years Ago]
- CTRMN005483-5485 Findings Published on Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Study with Mice [Results From Study Show That Smoke Did Not Produce Any Squamous Cell Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005486-5525 Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, Tobacco Industry Research Committee, at Press Conference, University Club, New York City, June 15, 1954 [Regarding Relationship Between Lung Cancer and Tobacco]
- CTRMN005526-5533 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's First Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Experiments That Show That Cigarette Smoking Increases Chances for Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005534-5541 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's Second Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Issue That Cigarette Smoke Does Not Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005542-5562 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Regarding Continuation of Study Dealing with Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005563-5573 A Report of Progress [Results From the Study of Smoking and Health Issue Will Greatly Depend on Well Planned and Well-Executed Scientific Research]
- CTRMN005574-5585 Tobacco and the Cardiovascular System the Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Program Strives to Discover Facts and Relationships Described with Objectivity]
- CTRMN005586-5597 A Search for Facts [Regarding Information Needed to Be Gathered on Smoking and Health Problems to Defend Industry]
- CTRMN005598-5605 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Discussion on Different Studies Will Continue to Be Made Until A Answer Is Found]
- CTRMN005606-5607 Cancer Research Guest Editorial Smoking and Lung Cancer Volume 16 [St Regarding Support Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005608A-5609 "Correspondence Regarding "Smoking and Health"" [Discussion on Researching on Tobacco and Health with Objectivity and Not Be Judgmental]
- CTRMN005608B-5609 Hypfibrinogenemia [Regarding Transfusions and Clotting Mechanism in A Case of Extraordinarily Delayed Post-Partum Hemorrhage]
- CTRMN005608C-5609 Diabetic Children [Admitting Omission of Different Data From Other Sources]
- CTRMN005608D-5609 Revocation of Licenses [Revoking of Registration From Dr. Louis A. Scinta]
- CTRMN005610A-5613 Mayo Clinic Head Believes Smoking Not Cancer Cause Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Smoking Not Believed to Be Cause of Lung Cancer, According to Some Noted Physicians]
- CTRMN005610B-5613 Six Experts State Doubts on Smoking-Cancer Theory Tell Congressmen Reasons for Position Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Reasons for Not Accepting Theory That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610C-5613 New Book Says Tobacco 'scare' Not Justified Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [""Science Looks at Smoking"]
- CTRMN005610D-5613 Editors View Smoking-Cancer Tie As Unproved, Open Question Excerpts From Editorials Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Excessive Smoking Probably the Main Cause of Lung Cancer, While Moderate Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer Has No Scientific Support]
- CTRMN005610E-5613 British Scientist Opposes Campaign Against Smoking Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Sir Ronald Fisher, British Statistician, Refuses to Produce Anti-Smoking Writing, States It As A Cause for Anxiety]
- CTRMN005610F-5613 'pick Your Expert, Take Your Choice' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Witnesses Linking Cigarettes to Lung Cancer Testify Before House Operations Sub-Committee]
- CTRMN005610G-5613 'still Open Question' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Authorities on Cancer State That Smoking Is Not Proven to Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610H-5613 Smoking and Death Rates Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [If Everyone Stopped Smoking There Would Be No Significant Change in Death Rate]
- CTRMN005614-5616 Summary of Comments for Delivery Before: Central Subsection, North Jersey Section, American Chemical Society, Elizabeth, New Jersey [Review of the Chemical Analysis of Cigarette Smoke and Investigations of Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005617-5620 the Public and Smoking Fear or Calm Deliberation? [How Doubt, Suspicion and Fear May Affect the Deliberation of Whether Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer or Other Ailments]
- CTRMN005621A-5624 TIRC Reports Progress in Smoking-Health Research Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Too Many Unknowns Exist Concerning Lung Cancer to Warrant Conclusions Citing Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621B-5624 'tar' Misnomer for Condensed Smoke Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Difficulties in Analyzing Tobacco Smoke Make Tobacco Tar A Misnomer]
- CTRMN005621C-5624 New Statistics Contradict Anticigarette Theory Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Cigarette Smoking May Be Compatible with Normal Health Report on Done Smokers Who Have Longer That Average Life Span]
- CTRMN005621D-5624 TIRC Funds for Smoking Research Now Over $2,000,000 Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Scientific Advisory Board Approves 52 Grants and Renewals in 1957 Totalling $550,000]
- CTRMN005621E-5624 Press Questions Anti-Smoking Plan Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [State-Supported Campaign Against Cigarettes Warranted in New York]
- CTRMN005621F-5624 Study Suggests Bronchitis May Be Prime Factor in Lung Cancer Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Preliminary Study at Beatty Institute Favors Bronchitis As A Factor of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621G-5624 Doctors' Comments on Smoking-Health Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Increasing Number of New Chemicals in the Atmosphere at Fault for Rise in Cancer]
- CTRMN005621H-5624 Nation-Wide Lung Tissue Study Now Being Evaluated Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [TIRC Studying Lung Tissues From 1,600 Persons]
- CTRMN005625-5648 Biological Aspects of Cancer Research Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 30, No. 3 [St Background Research and New Information on Cancer Studies]
- CTRMN005649-5654 Interview the Cigaret Smoker and Lung Cancer Reprinted From Modern Medicine, Vol 26 [St Advises on Smoking and Its Relation to Health]
- CTRMN005655-5660 Comments on the Mortality of Smokers and Non-Smokers. A Paper by Harold W. Dorn Before the American Statistical Association Dec. 27, 1958 [Reflections on Figures Presented in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005661-5671 An Experimentalist Looks at Statistics on Smoking [Reflections on the Figures in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005672-5672 Letters to the Times Findings on Smoking [Statistical Proof of Link Between Smoking and Cancer Denied]
- CTRMN005673-5683 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Review of Data Known on the Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005684-5686 Cancer-the Research Approach [Discussion on Cancer and A Category of Factors Which May Play Roles in Cause and Development of Cancer]
- CTRMN005687-5692 [Address Before the Burley and Dark Leaf Tobacco Export Association, Inc. Information About the Research Program Supported by the TIRC]
- CTRMN005693-5697 Some Phases of the Problem of Smoking and Lung Cancer the New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 264 No. 24 [St Disputes Findings That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005698-5704 Some Aspects of the Lung Cancer Problem Reprinted From Punjab Medical Journal Vol. Xi No. 7 [St Discussion of Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005705-5735 Current Knowledge of Tobacco and Health [Discussion of Experimental Attack on Lung Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005736-5739 Cigarettes-Why More Research? Reprinted From the Yale Scientific Magazine [St Comments on the Uncertainties of the Correlations Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005740-5740 Why Do People Think That Quitting Smoking Affects Their Appetite or Their Weight? the Apothecary [St Comments on the Scientific Basis of How Smoking Affects Hunger]
- CTRMN005741-5754 Address to Be Delivered by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. At A Dinner Honoring the Centennial of the University of Kentucky and the Burley Tobacco Industry Lexington, Kentucky January 12, 1965 [Talk Addressing Research Programs of the University of Kentucky]
- CTRMN005755-5772 Communications and the Biological Sciences [Brief Discussion of Principles That Should Inspire and Guide Communications in the Biological Sciences]
- CTRMN005773-5785 Perspectives in the Experimental Approach to the Human Lung Cancer Problem [Experimental Research on Lung Tumors in Animals May Lead to Insights on Human Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005786-5798 Tobacco and Health Research [Elaboration on the Purpose, Research Practices and Studies of the TIRC]
- CTRMN005799-5805 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Experimental Studies by the TIRC Concerning Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005806-5813 the Research Perspective on Smoking and Health [Discussion on the Search for Causes of Diseases with Which Smoking Has Been Associated]
- CTRMN005814-5820 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Studies on Cigarettes and the Diseases Statistically Associated with Smoking]
- CTRMN005821-5834 Tobacco and Health Research - Where Shall We Go From Here? [Suggestions for Continuing Studies and Research on Cigarette Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005835-5852 A Look Ahead Smoking and Health - Where Do We Stand? [Talk on Chronic Diseases and Factors of Their Causation and Development in Relation to Cigarette Smoking]
- CTRMN005853-5854 Smoking-Disease Links Continue to Lack Scientific Proof [Discusses the Role of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005854-5854 Lawrence Promoted to Vp Post at Mmi [Jack Riddle Announces the New Vp of Micro-Magnetic Industries]
- CTRMN005854A-5854 Philip Morris Expands Promotional Allowances [Discusses Special Offers Made to Philip Morris Vendors]
- CTRMN005855-5882 Chapter 3 the Tobacco Health Issue: An Overview of Medical Research [St Questions Methodology of Experiments Where the Sole Objective Was the Attempt to Induce Tumors]
- CTRMN005883-5900 the Research Program (Cancer Segment) of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Presentation Before the Tobacco Working Group [Describes the Concept, Plan, and Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005901-5902 Smoking Prevention Education Act Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 [Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN005903-5919 [Regarding Anti-Smoking Bill]
- CTRMN005920-5931 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 March 9 and 17, 1983 Serial No. 98-8 Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding H.R. 1824 [Disputes Findings Set Forth in H.R. 1824 Regarding Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005932-5932 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 May 5 and 12, 1983 [Concerning Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act of 1983]
- CTRMN005933-5940 Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers, M.D., Consultant in Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y. [Comments on Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act]
- CTRMN005941-5963 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 to Promote Public Health by Improving Public Awareness of the Health Consequences of Smoking and to Increase the Effectiveness of Federal Health Officials in Investigating and Communicating to the Public Necessary Health Information, and for Other Purposes Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding S. 772 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments Which Expose Animals to Smoke]
- CTRMN005964-6009 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Seventh Congress Second Session on H.R. 5653 and H.R. 4957 March 5, 11, and 12, 1982 Serial No. 97-106 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments to Demonstrate That Cigarette Smoking Can Cause Lung Cancer in Animals]
- CTRMN006010-6012 Testimony of Dr. Robert C. Hockett During Hearing on Cigarette Smoking and Health Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, October 5, 1978 [Responds to Question Regarding Research on Health and Smoking]
- CTRMN006013-6023 Statement of Robert C. Hockett, Ph.D. Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in Response to the Letter Dated September 27, 1978 From the Chairman of the Subcommittee to William U. Gardner, Ph.D., Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc [Discusses the Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN006024-6069 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States Senate Ninety-Fourth Congress Second Session on S. 2902 February 19, March 24, and May 27, 1976 [Disputes Scientific Basis of S. 2902]
- CTRMN006070-6125 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United State Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 Serial No. 92-82 [Discussion of Cigarette-Smoking and Peptic Ulcers]
- CTRMN006126-6135 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN006136-6189 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 February 1, 5, and 10, 1972 [Discusses Edimeological Comparisons Between Smokers and Non-Smokers]
- CTRMN006190-6200 [Bibliography Listing Over 1,275 Articles and Books About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006201-6311 [Articles About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006312-6321 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006322-6348 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Robert Casad Hockett]
- CTRMN006349-6359 Hearings Before the Consumer Committee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statements of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers and Dr. Robert C. Hockett]
- CTRMN006360-6370 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [References Reporting on Tobacco and Nicotine]
- CTRMN006371-6412 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress First Session on H.R. 643 A Bill to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act with Respect to the Labeling of Packages of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes (and Similar Bills) [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006413-6492 Hearings Before the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on S. 559 and S. 547 Bills to Regulate Labeling of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes [Statement of Dr. Clarence C. Little]
- CTRMN006493-6533 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of the Council for Tobacco Research U.S.A. History and Organization]
- CTRMN006534-6540 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Clarence Cook Little, SC.D.]
- CTRMN006541-6548 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Robert Casad Hockett, Ph.D.]
- CTRMN006549-6577 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little]
- CTRMN006578-6611 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement Concerning the Origin and Purpose of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee and Its Proposed Functions]
- CTRMN006612-6614 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory]
- CTRMN006615-6618 Research Into Smoking and Health [Arguments Against Tobacco Cancer Link]
- CTRMN006619-6623 [Study to Examine Reported Causes of Death in Each of 17 Regions in Houston Specifically the Five Major Respiratory Diseases]
- CTRMN006624-6624 A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers [Industry Promotes Research Into Tobacco Disease Link]
- CTRMN006625-6625 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Board of Directors [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006626-6627 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Scientific Advisory Board [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006628-6634 No. E-121,486 I. D. Rogers, Individually and As Independent Executor of the Estate of Marjorie Helen Rogers, Deceased; Et Al Vs. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Et Al in the District Court of Jefferson County, Texas 172nd Judicial District Third Amended Notice of Intention to Take Oral Deposition [Matters on Which Ctr Witnesses Must Be Knowledgeable]
- CTRMN006635-6967 Deposition of Dr. James Glenn [Deposition of Glenn in the Matter of Broin]
- Author
- Ctr
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- 118
- Type
- ANNUAL REPORT
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Document Images
I;i(TItA COPY
REPORT
Of
THE COUNCIL FOR
TOBACCO RESEARCH - U.S.A., Inc.
1972
i
1972 REPORT ~
.
Cr
F--
ot U
TIIE COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESF.ARCII-U.S.A., Inc.
TIIE COUNCIL FOR TOBACCO RESEARCII-U.S.A., Ioe.
110 E.at 59tL Street, New York, N.Y. 10022
SCIEN'1'Ih'll: Al)VItiORY 13l/A1i11
to The Council for Tobacco Rc.rarch-U.S.A.. Inc.
t:~.. .
M
C.G
as of Dcccmbcr 31, 1972
i . i ~
SHELDON C. SOMMERS. M.D., Chainnun
Rescarch 1)irectur, Thc Council for 7'ubacco Rcscarch-U.S.A., Iuc.
Directur of l.ahoraturics. Lcnox I fill I luspital KIiNNIiI ll MfiRItlLI. 1.YNC1i, M.D.,Sc.D., LL.D.
('haiurllur unc! l'rcplcssur lirncrinrs of 1'utholugy
Medical CuIIcgC of South Carolina. Chartcslon, South Carolina
~
Clinical Pro f rssor of Pathology
Columbia Univcrsity Collcgc of Physicians and Surgcons
IIANS MI:IIiR, D.V.M., Du. Mt:u. Vt:r., M.R.S.II.
L1..'
New York, New York Srniur .StafJ Sc irruitir ~
HOWARD B. ANDERVONT, Sc.D.
Scientific Editor (retired), The Journal of the National Cancer Institutc
Bcthcsda, Maryland
RICHARD M. BING, M.D.
Dir
t
f C
di
l
d I
l M
di
i The Jackson L:,boratory, [3ar I larbur, Maine
JO11N P. WYA"t"I', M.D.
Pru/es.rur und JJrad Dupartmcnt of Pathology
University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine
Winnipcg, Canada U
or o
ar
ec
o
ugy an
ntramura
e
c
ne
Huntington Mcmorial Hospital, Pasadcna, California
Professor of Medicine
Univcrsity of Southern California School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
McKEEN CATTELL, Prr.D., M.D.
Pro/e.rsor Emeritus o/ Pharmacology
Cornell University Mcdical College, New York, New York
WILLIAM F. RILNIIOFF, Jtc., M.D.
llurud Meinl,rr Erncritus
1'n,/c.%sor linuririrs of Surgery
Johns Hopkins Uniscrsity Schcwl of Mcdicinc, Baltimorc, Maryland
WILLIAM U. GARDNER, Prr.D.
E. K. Jlunt Professor of Anatomy
Yale Univcrsity School of Mcdicinc, New Navcn, Connecticut
ROBERT J. iiUEBNER, M.D.
Chief, Viral Carcinogenesis Branch
National Cancer Institute
Bcthcsda, Maryland
LEON O. JACOBSON, M.D.
Dean o/ the Division of Biological Sciences
Regenstein Professor of Biological Sciences
University of Chicago, lllinois
CLAYTON G. LOOSLI, Pa.D., M.D.
Hastings Professor o/ Medicine and PathuluAy
University of Southern California School of Mcdicinc
Los Angclcs, California
ticirntific titrff of The Couucil
ROUI:RT C. I IOCKGTT, Ptt.D.
A cYir{g Sricn t+/ic l)irectur
J. MORRISON I1RAl)Y, M.D. JOHN N. KREISHER. Pu.D.
Assucrute Sc irnri/u 1)irectar A.ssuciate Scientific Directur
FREI)f:RIC W. NORDSIEK. Pu.D. VINCENT F. LISAN"fl, D.M.D.
A.Vwriutr Scicuti/ir 1)irecYur Scicnrific As.uKVUt.
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Current Status of thc Research Program . . . . . . . . . 6
Canccr Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Cardiovascular Discascs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chronic Respiratory Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Othcr Studics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 l
Abstracts of Rcports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Behavioral Effects of Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Studics Rclatcd to Carcinogcncsis . . . . . . . . . 15
Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Rcspiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology . . . . . . . 66
Mctabolic Studics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Chemistry and Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Epidcmiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Gcnctics . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . 86
Activc Projccu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Complcacd Projccu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Author Indcx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Introduction
The Council (or Tobacco Rcscarch-U.S.A., Inc. is the sponsoring agency
of a program of rescarch into questions of tobacco usc and hcalth. It is the
outgrowth of an organixation formed early in 1954 by representatives of tobacco
rnanu(acturcrs, growcrs and warchouscmcn. Research support has been mainly
through a program of grantsinaid suppkmcntcd by contracts for research with
insututions and laboratories. The Council does not itself operate any research
fatility.
Thc Scientific Advisory Doard mects reyularly to evaluate applications (or
grantsinaid and contracts for rescarch, using scientific mcrit and relcvancc as
thc sole crilcria.
Rescarch grams arc made by The Council to indepcndcnt scientists who
are assurcd complctc scicntific freedom in conducting their studics. Gnntces
alone arc responsiblc for «porting or publishing their findings in the acceptcd
scicntific manncr-through medical and scicntific journals and societics.
Through Dcccmbcr 1972, rescarch projects have been approved lor 283
invcstigators in 199 hospitals. universities and rescarch institutions. These awards
totalcd more than $23.000.000.
This report includes a brief summary of the present research program of
The Council as well as lists of the current and previous research projects sup-
ported by Thc Council. Also included arc abstracts of 127 research papcrs,
acknowlcdging Council support, that have appeared in scientific journals during
thc period covered by this Report. A total of 1,052 such papers has been pub-
lishcd by project recipients.
If. Ff. Raaw
Chairman and President
5
Current Status of the
Research Program
The rescarch program of The Council for Tobacco Kcscarch-U.S.A., Inc.
has progresxd further during the last Ig months with a cuntinued major
emphasis upon canccr, chronic pulmonary disorden, cardiovascular discascs,
and thc "psychopharmacology" of smokiug, in approximately that order. 'Ihc
actual number of formally separate projccta is at present somewhat Icss than
the historical maximum, reflecting a dcgree of aggrcgation into certain ccntcrs
for the advantages of interaction among various different skills and methods.
Seventccn of The Council's current projects involve thc exposure of
animals to the inhalation of tobacco amokc. Sevcral others have been under-
taken with the obiect of including smoke exposurc as soon as the neccssary
preliminary biological work has been suftkiently developed.
In all these inhalation studies the aim is to so control conditions as to
insure expoaure to 'Yresh, whok, normal" tobacco smoke or its gas-vapor phase
in monitored doscs, in dcfirud animals of several strains and specics, usually
pathogen frec and virus profiled, for time pcriods dctcrmincd by the aims of
the experiment. In scvcral cascs this is a long-term or normal lifctime exposure.
Cigarettes or other tobacco products of defined characteristics are employed.
Concentration upon smoke inhalation experiments reflects the conviction
that realistic studies must be based upon and evaluated by exposures simulating
as nearly as possible those expericnced by human smokers.
Snsoke Exposure Devices
Development of mechanical dcvioos for accomplishing such exposures with
animals has been an exacting, timeconsuming task, even after establishment
of criteria for satisfactory conditiotsa. Though The Council has been sponsoring
smoke inhalation research for 17 yurs, the recognition of these criteria has
developed only with experience. The present proliferation of smoke inhalation
studies in many quarters empharius the aeed for recognized standards to
which all such studies must eonform, if a great confusion of contradictory find-
ings in the scicntiflc literature is to be avoided.
Two devices that appear to meet maoy or most of the necessary critcria
reasonably well are now at hand. One is a relatively inexpensive and simple
machine which should, hopefully, be adequate (or use with intclligent care
where relatively modest numbers of small animals arc to be employed by in-
vestigatun who arc skilled as biologiua but not ncctuarily as mtxhanics. 'Ihc
otbcr dcvice is more costly but should conserve manpower when large numbers
of small animals arc to be exposed or when the use of large anirnals requires a
greater rmoke generating eapacity.
A number of the small machinu have now been distributed to Council-
sponsored investigators aad arc in use. Consequently, a considerable increase
in the flow of useuch raults from direct smoke inhalation studics is to be
expeetod.
- Despite these dcvclopmeat; there are still many t:aks to be carried out
to .lcscrdx mure fully and to mcasurc more accurately the performance charac-
tcnsucs of these devices, especially as apphcd to animals of different size and
dilfcrcnt rc.pirawry mcchamcs and behavior. Especially important is dovelop-
mcnt ol txtter mcthods for measuring the actual amounts of smoke particulates
dcpusitcd in the lungs of these several species and strains of animals under
actual upcrating cunditions. Such measurements arc necessary for reliable dctcr-
mination of dusc-responsc relationships. Means for carrying out thcu studiu
arc being sought as a support for the existing and growing program of inhalation
studies sponsored by The Council and, increasingly, by other agcncics.
Esscntially the same smoke exposure devices can be used in studies
targctcd toward cancer problcros, pulmonary dircase problems, cardiovascular
prublcros, metalwhc problcros, pharmacological problcros, and others. In many
cascs, parallel cxlxrimcnts arc being conducted or planned to compuc any
effects of whole snwkc inhalation with those of the gu-vapor phase free from
particulatcs.
In all smukc inhalation experiments involving animals, lhe factor of stress
is kCing considcrcd txcatrsc, unlike man, most animals inhale smoke involun-
tarily while stationcd in dcvices that impose res(raint, noise, handling, and other
disturbing influcnces. This requires the usc of "machine controls" exposed to
all conditions except thc actual presentation of smoke, (or comparison with
unhandled cage controls as well as with exposed animals. Habituation presum-
ably reduces stress and is a consideration in experimental design. Biochemical
monitors of stress arc also being explored. This problem has generated two
major projects in its own right.
Pa[hogeneaia Studies
~
The Council program includes a selection of promising leads into an
understanding of factors that may be significant in the pathogenesis of the
several groups of aging-associatcd constitutional diseases which are currently
major causes of human morbidity and mortaliry, and also those reputed to be
linked statistically with tobacco use.
Topics sclectcd for study are those deemed most likely to reveal important
steps in the pathogcncsis of these diseases that may be tested in human cpi-
demiological studies or developed into new and more meaningful bioauay
tcsts, either in smoke inhalation studies with whole animals or in organ or
tissue culture systems of several kinds. By pathogencsis we mean the progroa-
sivc succession of changes from normal, whether hutological, biochemical,
immunological, structural, or other, that lead to or arc concomitant with disease
conditions.
Cancer Sludies
Thus, in the cancer ficld, there arc presently six Council-supported studies
aimcd at a bctur undcrslanding of how genetit facton control susccptibility or
resistance, and how the so-called C-type viral genome may operate in eon-
trtbuting to oncogcnesis. Such knowledge is not only necessary (or seleetirrg
appropriate animal strains for smoke inhalation work but also tor defining
indicators of IusccptrbiGty that can be applied to maa
6 7
"I wo other cancer studics that do not prcxntly involvc smokc exposure
arc in the ficld of imntunulogy and are aimed at learning huw the bodily
mcchanisms that bring about the rcjcctron of grafted tissues and organs as
"foreign" ntatcrial also operate in rejecting ncwly-furmed cancer cells. Thc
work includes thc objcctivc of Icarning why this rejection system docs not
always succced in destroying cancer cells and whether it can be stimulated
without undesirable side effects. !t has been shown that this part of the immune
system is depressed by several of the "carcinogenic" hydrocarbons and, if
uritabk new and scnsitive indicators of this deprcuivc cffcct can be dcvcloped,
sukfies arc contemplated for determining whether chronic tobacco smoke in-
halation produccs any such depression. (An cxtensive contplcted study of
immunosuppression by another method involving skin transplantation failed to
show any effect by tobacco smoke condensates.)
One relatively frequent type of human lung cancer is squamous cell car-
cinorna, which is seldom found in animals. t3ecause squamous cells +re not
rwrmaUy present in the lung. thcrc must at sonic time bc a nlctaplastlc con-
version of other cell types into squamous cells. 11 is not known whcthcr this
convcrsion occurs before or after the transformation of normal cells rnto
cancer cells. A new project has been designed to determine whether exposure
of living human cancer cc111 of other types to tobacco smoke will evoke
squamous metaplasia.
Animal tiloclela for Squanrou.
l:elt Lung Cancer
In medical science, discovery of methods for producing a good duplicate
of a human disease in an expcrimental animal has oftcn provided a basis fur
rapid progress in describing the pathogenesis of the disease and in finding
methods of prcvcntion, delay or curc. It has been more difficult to develop such
models for the constitutional diseases than for the infectious and deficiency
diseasea because of the urong genetic aspects of susccptibility in the first.
Several methods, howevcr, arrived at by luck or accidcnt, have been
reported for producing squamous cell carcinoma of thc lung in animals. Two
Council projects include modification of such animal models in the hope of
producing the disease predictably and reliably and at a level adequate to permit
systematic studies of the influcnces of agc, aex, strain, hormone levels, nutri-
tional state, cfficicncy of the immune system, infectioru, and other factors on
the incidcncc of the disease. Such information should provide guidelines for
thc dcsign of better oricnted human studies.
Cardiovascular Diseases
As with canccr, cardiovascular discaaos arc of complex etiology that in-
cludes many contributory facton, among which hereditary predispositions may
play an irrsporunt role. The predominant influence of genetic factors has been
further emphasized in recent yean by studies of identical twins with discordant
smoking habits. Though The Council did not participatc in the sponsorship of
tho uudia carriod out on a Swedish twin registry or the original extension of
these studies to a twin collectwa in the United Statw, it is supporting czplora-
uum ~wu thc Ixn.ihiluics of cnlarl;ing the samplcs through intcrn.Iiun:d co-
ulkr:,wrn. the gu.J t. tu uhtain murc extensive and conclusive d:ua without
w.utlnb Iur thc .low accumulauon uf murbidtty and mortality figures from the
urigwrl s.,ntples.
Mcanwhilc. the muluvariatc analysis of large existing human data collcc-
unns producing new pcrspcctivcs concerning the reported statistical associa-
liurn between smoking and the incidence of these diseases. The position taken
by thc ('uromiftcc that reported to the Surgeon General of the U.S. Public
Ilcalth ti.rvicr in 1964 was: "M+Ic cigarette smokers havc a higher death rate
front artcry di%casc than nonsmoking males, but it is not clear that the associ-
atiun hiu cau1:J significance."
'1 his statement is supported by increasing evidence that self-sclcction of
populatiuns into thosc who "like, need or wish to smoke" and those who do
not, produccs a nonrarulum division into groups that arc not comparable with
res{xct to morbidity or lifc cxpccuncy. Hcnce, attribution of experiential
diffcrcnccs tu the samc lactor (smukrng) that served as the basis for separation
is ntocssarily inconclusive.
Almost half thc current Council program in the cardiovascular fichi, apart
from the cpidcmiologica( work already mcntioncd, is conccntratcd upon the
study of atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. Does smoking have any effect upon
the initiation or progression of these conditions that lead to incapacitation or
death? One current project includes smoke inhalation.
Most of the studics involve or include research on the effects ol nicotine.
In several investigations, the initial nicotine research is to be followed by whole
smokc inhalation. Induced hypcrtension is also being studied as an additional
factor in the total design.
7 hrcc of the athcroscl,crosis studics involve whole animal subjccts, two
arc in vitro expcrimcnts using both animal and human tissues for species com-
parisons, and one is a biochemical study of reactions in human blood. One of
the animal studics, using chiefly primatcs, is concentrated especially upon the
long-term effects of chronic stress in producing persistent hypertension with
consequential cardiovascular changes, when other influencts are wcll controlled.
Investigation of potential nicotine effects in this context is included.
Carbon Monoxide Studies
Another feature of the program is the inclusion of carbon monoxide
studies. Chronic inhalation of this gas by primates is being undertaken to test
a hypothesis that such exposure can hasten atherosclcroais. One study, at the
cellular level in viuo, is attcmpting to show whether the processing of fatly
materials (akin to those that coat Ihc artcrial walls in atherosclerosis) is affccted
by nicotine or cartwn monoxide either separately or in combination.
All thc major human epidemiologieal studies have shown that cigar and
pipc snsukcrs differ very little in their cardiovascular diaeaae experience from
nunsmokcrs dcspitc the fact that the smokei of thae tobaecoa have a relatively
high nkotine content in a relatively alkaline envirooment conducive to rapid
absorption in the oral cavity even without inhalation. Hcrsce, The Council has
becn stressing for many years the need for precise quantitative and kinetic
measurements of the relative nicarne absorption during the normal smoking of
cigarettes, cigars and pipes. Analytical methods adequate for the purpose have
been lacking. A Council project is endeavoring to develop an immunochemieal
~" ~' i
S ..JU
8 9
assay mcth.xl for this purpose. It is gratifying that the govcrnmcnt agcnucs
have now recugnizcJ this need and havc solicited pruposals lor tht Jcvelop-
nscnt ul such methods. 1f the nicotine rcccivcd from thcsc three forms of
smoking /and from chewing tobacco) should be closcly simdar, the eptdcmio-
logical Jiticrences in disease incidence among the users of these several products
could not be attributed to nicotinc.
Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Historii:ally, sevcral of The Council's studies of short- or long-term tobacco
smoke inhalation by animals and man have included an cfTorr to Jcscrtbc any
observabk changes in pulmonary mechanics or altcrations in the cells or tissues.
The intcrpretation of such obscrvations in rclation tu IwlmunarY dixascs has
hcrctoforc been handicapped by the general lack of krwwlcdge conccrning the
stagcs in pathugcncsis of these diseascs. /t has, thcrcforc, been considcrcJ ncccs-
sary not only to sponsor studies aimcd u a better cGnieal distinction bctween
thc scvcral human chronic pulrssssrrary disordcrs but also tu seek and fulluw
clucs to thc prcdispositions and altgrationa that dctcrminc the course of thcir
pathogcnesis.
Apan from lung cancer, "chronic bronchitis" and "emphyscma" arc thc
pulmonary diseases of special interest to Tlse Council. Neuher is really a single
disease and, therefore, subdivisions into distinguishable clinical entities occur
as research progresscs. The Council has contributed to the devclopment of
clinically distinguishable subgroups through subsidy of humao-patient studies in
depth. fioth these discases or groupa of discascs arc vcry incompletely under-
stood with respect to etiology, which may well diflcr in thc different subgroups.
Epidemiological studies in the past have been confuscd by poor chnical dis-
criminalion among scvcral entitics.
Nereditary Predisposition
to Emphysema
Neither bronchitis nor emphysemaa occurs commonly in animals in a form
known to be clearly analogow to that encoumercd in man, so there is still
uncertainty with rapect to the srutability of any proposed animal model for
studies directly relevant to the human problem. However, several promising
approaches have dcvcloped. One is the discovery that certain human individuals
have a hereditary predisposition to emphysema due to a congenital deficiency of
a crreulating antitrypsin which functions as a protector of the lung against
protcolytic attack by exogcnous or ersdogenous agents. The implications of this
ftnding arc being pursued by study of a large human population. Extcnsivc
health anJ employment histories arc available for nscmbers of this population
who arc also accessible for blood assays of anti-protcascs. In the light of very
recently developed information on genetics of the dcftcicncy, this study will
attcmpt to relate the aevcral yenotypca to dilfercrsccs in resporsae to cnviron-
rssenW inlfuences.
Animal worK, irscludiraj arnohe inhalation study, is capitalizing on this
discovcry by obacrvatiosr to deturnioc wb,ctbcr changca in anti-protcaao icvcla
10
may correlate wuh dcvclopmcnt of cxpcrimcntal emphysema or may be afiecteJ
by ugarctre smokc inhalation.
'1 herc is alsu recent evidence that emphysema may be an autoimmunc
dlKasc, caused or aggravaled by chemical changes in the lung that cause lung
tissuc lu be rccogmccJ by lhc immune system as foreign material and, therefore,
subjcctcJ to dcstructivc attack. This concept also provides possibk approaches
to dctccuon of those indiviJuals who arc especially susceptible to emphysema
and to ways of testing whether cxposurc to smoke makes any contribution to
changcs in the amigcnicity of lung tissucs.
While the ctiolugy of "chronic bronchitis" in humans is still quite obscure,
il is considucJ very probable that an impaircd capacity to clear bacteria from
thc lower rcgiuns of the lung is an intportant aspect of the disease. The Council
long agu undut.wk uqplxut of studics lu nseasurc the rsta of disappearance of
viablc bactcna /rom thc lungs of micc after quantitated implantation, as affected
by ;) numbcr of facturs including whole smoke anJ ps-vapor phase inhalation.
'I hcsc studics wuc fullowcd by others concerned more particularly with the
pulrnonary macruphagcs as the probablc major cffcctors of the clearance
proccss. Uoth in vivo and in vitro smoke exposures have bcen madc, and are
continuing, to assess thc total functional modification of this protective system
whilc avoiding the artifactual situations casily creatcd by exclusively in vitro
experiments.
Nescarch findings about the protective function of the pulmonary macro-
phagcs have led to other Council-supportcd research on the operation of these
and rclatcd defensive systems. At the end of November 1972, an informal
rounduhlc conference was arranged by staff at the request of the Scientific
Advisory Board to The Council. Mcmbers of the Board and staff, investigators
conducting studies on pulmonary defense mechanisms, and several guest scien-
tists met to evaluate progress, exchange information and generate new ideas.
Odier Studies
Psychopharmacology
The Council is currently supporting hve studies in the field of psycho-
pharmacology that arc directed toward lurther elucidating thc paradoxical
arousal and tranquilizing effects of nicotine and its facilitation of the learning
process in animals. Chronic effects of nicotine exposure have now been
recognizcd in the sense that a shift has been reported to occur with time in the
rclativc sensitivity of particular areas of the brain to nicotine as well as to othu
substances. It was predicted that this shift in the brain area of major stimulation
should have behavioral conscqucnccs in the prornotion of "purposcful;' as op-
poscd to random, activity in habituated rats «uivinj nicotine. This prediction
appcared to be upheld in tcst experiments.
Because human smokcrs ordinarily receive nicotine chronically, it can be
rcasoncd that pharmacological expcrimcnts with naive animals may produce
results that are not wholly relevant to the usual human situation. Hence, a ncw
emphasis has devcloped concerning habituation effcets on the psychopharma-
cological responses to nicotinc.
11
Et.idemiological Studiu
Four cpidemiolugical studies are in progress which involve the analysis
of /arge bixfics of data already collected by other agencies. Onc is a continuing
invcstigation into which it is possible to introduce new tests upon the samc
subjects about whom a great deal is already known. Emphasis is upon the basic
ditTcrcnces, at many lcvels, bctween those persons who have chosen to smokc
cigarettes and continue smoking, those who chose to smoke but lalcr discon-
tinucd, and those who never adopted the practice. Comparisons arc also being
made of the constitutional characteristics of cigar, pipe and cigarette smokers.
One study provides comparisons between men and wonun, whnes, blacks,
Orientals, and Spanish Americans. Basic differences that distinguish thesc
several groups in relation to smoking practices are relcvant to the qucstion
whethcr sclf-sclcction invalidates or qualities the causal interpretations that have
bccn placed on statistical correlations between smoking and diseasc. It smukcrs
and nonsmokers arc diffcrent kinds of peoplc, there may be basic constituuon.l
ditlcrences in disease susceptibility unrelated to smoking practiccs. Thc datn
collccted also contain material for many other multifactorial studies.
Metabolic Studies
Two studies on metabolism are looking into relations between smoking
and protein metabolism and into the possible influence of nicotine and smoking
on the metabolism of various drugs, as well as the possible effects of drugs and
mcdicinals on nicotinc mctaboliarn in the body.
The current program represents a conccrted c(fort by the Scientific Ad-
visory Board and the scientifie staff of The Council to achieve a new and higher
degree ol integration among its elcmcnts and a sharper focus upon key prob-
lcros in the area of tobacco and health research.
Robert C. HockcN, Pu.D.
Acting Scientific Director
Abstracts of Reports
Fulhowing arc aharactc, approved by the authors, of repons on new re-
scarch acknowledging support from The Council that have appeared in scientific
journal% since publication of the Report for the year ending June 30, 1971. The
namc of the rcupient is in italics.
'f hc ahstr,crs arc grouped under these headings: 1. Behavioral Effects of
Nicutunc. It. Studies Related to Carcinogcnesis, 111. Cardiovascular System, IV.
Kc.piratury Sy.tcm, V. Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology, VI. Mctabolic
StuJics, VII. Chemistry and Uiuchemistry, VI11. Epidemiology, 1X. lmmun-
ulugy, and X. Ocncucs.
1. IleJiuvivral E,Q'ects of Nicotine
S7'(JI)Ila ON TIiE MECIIANISM OF AVOIDANCE FACILITATION
11Y NICOTINL
Ducs nicotine facilitatc avoidance acquisition by enhancing memory con-
solidauun or mcrcly by stimulating performance? To answer this qucstion, a
scnes of experiments was run on 228 female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals
were divided into groups and trained for 15 one-hour sessions in a discrimi-
natcd Icvcrpress avoidance situation with buzzer as a conditioned stimulus.
More rats receiving nicotinc, 0.4 mg/kg. t.p immediately before each one-hour
daily session (prescssion) kcached a preset learning criterion than did saline
controls, and rats recciving 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine performed better than con-
trols but not as well as those receiving the higher nicotine dose. Rats given
similar duscs of quartcrnary nicotine bismcthiodidc in an identical presession
cxpcrimcnt did not learn more proficiently than controls. Other groups of rats
were given four doses of nicotine in photocell activity cages and the doses of
nicotine which facihtatcd avoidance acquisition depressed spontatrcous motor
activity. Later studies in which rats were given 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine or
saline i.p. immcdiately after each session (pustsession) showed that the drug
also facilitates avoidance acquisition by this method. Finally, rats were again
tratned with prescssion nicotinc, but saline was substituted for nicotine begin-
nmg on session 16. No drug dissociation effect was seen. Thus the results of
thcsc studics suggest strongly that small doses of nicotine permanently facilitate
the consolidating neural memory trace and do not enhance avoidanee merely
by stimulating pcr(ormancc.
t:ricktun, C. K.
P.ychuphurmaculnpu (Uarf.) 22:317-368, 1971.
F'rum thc Ikpartcncnt of 1'harmaculogy and Tuxicology, University of Kansas
Schwl of I'harrnacy, Lawrcncc.
CHOLIN1:ItGIC Mf?CIfANISMS AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR
ACQUISITION: EFFtiCIS OF NICOTINE IN MICE
Two groups of I S mrlc CF-I strain micc were given intrapcritoncal in-
jcctwns of nicotinc sulfatc (I.Q mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline.
12 13
This trcatmenl was followed. 45 minutes lucr, by giving each animal a singlc
training trial in an apparatus dcsigncd to providc for the acquisitiun of a paa..ivc
avoidance responsc, consisting of toot-shock given whcn a moruc stcppcd
through a holc connecting a small vcstrbulc to a large darkcncd chamber.
Responsc latency (interval between placcment and entry) was always undcr
IS s(conds. A tcsting trial was given 60 minutcs aftcr training. 'I-hcrca(tcr,
activc avoidancc Iraining was initiated. Mice treated with nicotinc sul(atc
showed, as compared with the saltne-trcatcd controls, a dccrcascd incidence of
active avoidance conditioning without cRects upon cithcr passive avoidancc
acquisition or escape behavior. The effect of nicotine was to rcduce significantly
the ratio of bound:(rcc acctylcholinc in (hc cercbral cortex. This changc was
accounted for by a dccrcased content of stored aminc, parucularly in the
synaptic vesiclcs, without any change in the turnover of thc "frcc" storage
pool. A difference in the ratio of brain acetylcholinc storage pools accounting
for different modes of avoidancc is suggested.
Essman, W. B., and Essman, S. G.
PsychofoyicaJ Rrporrs 29(3):987-993, 1971.
Orhrr au ppurr: National Institutes of Hcalth.
From the fkpartrncnt of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of
New York, Flushing. N.Y.
CHANGES IN CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY AND AVOIDANCE
BElfAV1OR BY NICOTINE IN DIFFERENTIALLY HOUSED MICE
The behavioral and cholincrgic cffccls of the drug, nicotine, appear to hc
dependent upon cndogcnous changes conferred by differential housing. In this
cxpcriauntal study, mice houud either in isolation or in groups of five for
165 days were treated acutely with either nicotine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg) or saline
prior to being trained to acquire a passive avoidance respon.c. Isolated nucc
showed markedly reduced passive avoidance lcarning. but with nicotine trcat-
tnent thcir avoidance acquisition was comparablc with that Of group-houscd
animals. In the casc of the lartcr, nicotine did not affect avoidance acquisition
rate. Active avoidance training, given following passive avoidance tcsting,
indicated significantly impaired learning of the avoidance among isolated micc,
without any effect upon escape from footshock. Nicotinc-trcatcd, isolated
animals showcd a significantly greater incidcnce of active avoidance behavior,
but group-houscd, nicotine-trcated mice showcd appreciably reduced active
avoidance responding. Parallel studies of accrylchoGnc poads in the cerebral
corux of ddlcrentially housed, drug-trcated mice indicated that isolation kd
to a significant decrease in the ratio of 'bouruf':'frce' acctylcholinc; nicotine
rtcatmcnt led to an ekvation Of this ratio among isolated mice, hut group-
housed animals given nicotine showed a significantly decreased ratio. The in-
tctaction of differential housing with drug trcatment may scrvc as a model from
which cholincrgic mcchanisms related to avoidance behavior may bc viewed.
F_uman, W. B.
lnrrrnaaonal Iournal uJ Nruroscirncr 2:199-206, 1971.
Other aupport: National Institutes of Hcalth.
Frum the 1)epartmcnt of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of
New York, Flushing. N.Y.
NI('l>IIN1: ('IIANGI ti IN I'.1iG AND 13EHAVIOR AFfF.K
1N7KAVIiNOU.I INFUSION IN AWAKE UNKESIRAINED CATS
l hrs rnvcsuigauun was undertaken in order to determine whether intra-
vcnuus (i.v.) mlusiun o( small doscs of nicotine would inducc in the awakc,
unrestraincd cat, a similar phase of inactivity and EEG hypcrsynchrony as has
been rclwrtcd fur slccping cais. I he authors showed that- in the awake animals,
i.v. in(tuion of 10 ~,g/kg of nicotine usually lcd to an initial hchavioral arousal
and IiLG dcsynchronizauon in the cortex and subcortex. The hippocampus
cxhihited thcta rhythm, and the amygdala an increase in rhythmic burst activity.
Protractcd immob4dy with hypcrsynchrony in cortex and thalamus, and high
voltage slow wavc activity in hippocampus and amygdala followcd. Episodes
of slow wave and KEM slcep were often noted. A 30-50 pg/kg dose of nicotine
produced similar behavioral changes with increased ckctrocorticogram (ECoG)
dcsynchronization or flattcning. A 100 r,g/kg dose elicited marked changes in
behavior and somctimcs temporary ECoCG silence. Thus, they conclude, nicotine
in(uuon Icd to an initial phase of behavioral and EEG arousal, followed by a
phase of protracted immobihty and EGG hypcrsynchronization indicating seda-
Uun. According to thcu invcstigarurs, the period of hippocampal theta rhythm
and inctcascd amygrlala burst activity appcars to be characteristic tor the initial
action of nicotinc.
Sladnicki, S. W. and Scharppi, U. 11.
.1rrbivrs lnrrrnarionulrs dr Yhurmarodynanrir rr dr Thrrapic 197(1):72-85,
1972.
Frrnn the Mason Rcscarch Institute. Worcestcr, Mass.
II. 5tudics Relufrd to CarcinoRencsis
HISIOLOGY AND 111.TRASTRUCTURE OF CULTURED HUMAN
TUMOR CI:LI.S EXPOSED 10 ANTISERA TO Tf1E NFRVE
GROWTH FACTOR
Various cell changes described in this paper appear to represcnt a specific
type of ancigcn-antrtxKly injury. In the work reported here, several dilutions of
anti-ncrvc growth factor serum (rom rabbits or horses immunized with purified
nerve growth factor were added to rapidly growing. 48-hr. monolaycr cultures
of a human ghohlasloma (C356) and Of an H. Ep. 2 cell line. Cytotoxic effects.
beginning two hours later and usually progressing to complcte cell death at
17 hours, were studicd in virro in stained covcrslip preparations and by electron
microscopy. Amtscrum made in the horse had about onc-hf,h the cytoloxic
activity shown by :uttucruru madc in the rabbit. H. Ep. 2 cells were about five
umcs as resistant as C3t6 ccllti. In both ccll lines, many of the cclls surviving
the antiscrum showed nuclci with gencrally inuct membrartcs, cuntaimng 20 to
50 Of rnnre ruundcd chromrnome-Akc (wdics, suggcsting orophase mitotie
activity. ('on,rul nronolaycrs receiving normal rabbit or horse serum were
contp:uahlc to the unrrcated controls. The cytoloxic and cytocidal effects are
probably of the antigcn-antibudy type.
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14 IS
Pinkcrton, f L. Bbagar. 8. Rana, M. W. and Holtwick, S.
C'rnirr Ktscurch 31:1483-14g7, 1971.
Other supp..rt: National Institulc of Mental Health.
From the Departmcnt of Physiology, St. Louis University Schoul u( Mcdicine.
St. l.ouis.
ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF ANTISERUM NERVE GROWTH
FACTOR (ANTI-NGF)
In an attcmpt to detcrminc whethcr antincrvc growth factor (anti-NGF)
aNccts thc growth of chemically induced tunwrs, newborn CF-1 micc wcrc in-
joctcd subcutancously with "Wclkonu" anti-NGF for the first five days of life
in incrcasmg doscs. Control mice receivcd an cquivalcnt volume of horsc scrum.
On day 27, all animals wcre injcclcd subcutaneously with 3 mg of benzu(u)
pyrcnc. Threc days latcr, hal( of the mice which had receivcd horse scnnn
wcrc givcn thrcc injcctions of nicotine daily. Results indicated that prcxrcatmcnt
of animals with anii-NGF dclaycd the appearance ot tumors induced by
bcnzo(a)pyrcne. While in the control micc, tumors began tu appear from day
27 of thc first injection of bcnzo(a)pyrcnc. thcir appearance occurred only at
day 90 in immunosympathcctomizcd micc. l.ikcwisc, nicotine prctrcatmenl also
dclaycd the appearance of tumor until day 100. Both these treatments, i.c., anti-
NGF and nicotine, not only delayed the appearance of tumors but also causcd
lower incidence of tumors. While nicotine trcatmcnt dclaycd thc first appcar-
ance of tumor and reduced the pcrccnugc of incidence of tumors, it caused
significant increase in the averagc wcight of a tumor.
Bhagar, 8.. and Rana, M. W.
Proceedings of the Socicty for Experimcntal Biology and Medicine 13g(3):9g3-
9g4, 1971.
Other support; National Institute of Mcntal Health.
From thc Department of Physiology, St. Louis Univcrsity School of Mcdicinc,
St. Louis.
CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS IN SYRIAN HAMSTERS
This is an cxtensive revicw of the papcrs on chemical carcinogcncsts in
Syrian hamsters (Mojocricrrus aurarus uururus) which have been publuhcd
since 1966, when thc ]ast comprehensive onc on thc subject appeared. For the
purpose of his discussion, the author dividcs the various papers into scveral
groups classified according to the systems involved in addition to two other
catcgorics, check pouch tumors and immunology of chcmically-induccd ncu-
plasms. In thc section cntit)cd "Gcnctics as a Modifying Factor in Chemical
Carcitwgcncsis in Syrian Hamsten," the author also dcscribcs some hitherto
unpublishcd matcrial ot his own demonsgrating that gcnctrc factors determtnc
the response of hanssters to subcutancous injcctions of 9, 10.lmtcthyl-l, 2-
tscnzamhraccrsc (DMBA) (Cancer Res. 32:3G0-366, 1972). Ilc cuncludcs that
since, in hu oprnion, the significant role of genetic facturs in ccrtam types of
chemical carcinogcncsis in Syrian hanistcn has been ckarly dcnanstratcd, it is
imponant to use inbred lines ot thtir hybrids in such work.
16
!(umbrugcr, F. (Hiu Kcsruril Cunsulrunt.i, lnc.)
In Hurnburgcr F. (cd.): puthufuA:y u/ thc Syriun flurnitrr. Prnxrr.u in E.cpari-
rnintut 7 untur Kisr,uch, Vol. 16, Bascl: S. Kargcr, 1972, pp 152-175.
Othrr suppurt: U. S. 1'ublic Health Servicc, Virginia and D. K. l.udwig
I-aundatrun, Fannie E. Rtppcl Foundation, and American Medical Association
--liducatiun and Research Foundation.
From the Bio-Kcscarch Institutc, Cambridgc, Mass.
TH1: DEAF DEX1 RAN:F'OI.YRIBOINOSINATE-POI.YRIBOCYTIDYI.ATE
COMI'LIiX: 1')fYSICAI. PKOI'ER7lES AND INTERFERON INDUCTION
Tu be able to delineate the mechanism of interferon cnhanccnscnt, studies
wcre madc of thc physicochcmical and biological properties of the rlrC-DEAE
dcxtran complcx. f:x{xxrimcnls were carricd out on human neonatal cclls and
niuusc 1. ccll% which weic brown as norwlaycrs in MEM containing 15%
(v/v) fctal cal( scnum and incubated at 37° in a 5% CO: atmosphere. Bovine
vesicular stomaUUS virus (VSV) was harvested front VSV-infcctcd mouse cmbryo
cclls. 'so assay (ur intcrlcron induction, cclls were exposcd to rlrC-DEAE
dcxtran complexcs in solutron A for one hour at 2' or 37"; thcn thc cclls were
washcd and incubated in fresh medium for 18 hours. A series of tests was then
run. In summary, the results of thcsc cxpcrimcnts suggcst that DEAE dcxtnn
)w(cntiatcs inacrfcron production by delivering more of the rIrC complex to
the triggering site. It does so by increasing the uptake of rlrC, through the
aggrcgation clicct, and by rcndcring it less susceptible to cndonuckascs.
1'uha, 1'. M. and Curtur, (V. A.
Virology 45(3):777-7g1, 1971.
Othcr support: Amcrican Cancer S.xicty, Maryland Division.
From thc Dcpartmcnts of Medicine and Microbiology. The Johns Hopkins
University School of Mcdicinc, Baltimore.
SIREI'1'OVAKICINS INHIBIT FOCUS FORMATION BY MSV (MLV)
COMPLEX
In an attempt to study DNA polymcrasc inhibition, thc cfCccts of s(rcpto-
varicins were tcstcd on the cllicicncy of Iransformation by Moloncy murinc
\arcoma-IeUkacml:r cUmplCx (MSV) in virro. Also checked were the abilities of
the strcptovaricm complex. as well as the purified srreptovaricins (A and D),
to alwrt tran.lurmatiun of Balh/3T3 cells by MSV. For these studies, cc11s
were grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of antibiotic until ccll
growth rates were uh.crvcd to slow. Those strcptovaricins (complex and D),
which arc acuvc tnhibhun of the MLV DNA polymerasc in cell-frcc mixtures,
blockcd thc formatron of MSV-induccd foci at concentrations which did not
impau thc diviston rate of normal cclls. In the case of complex and D, focus
formation w:.s hl.k:kcd at cunccntrations o( antibiotic about four-(old less than
that which dccrcaw ccll growth. In contrast, the struclurally related macrolidc
A, which lacks inhtbuury action on the viral cnzymc(s), was inactive in tissue
culturc. 'I hc..r rc%ult% suggcst that thc clfccts on blockade of transformation arc
duc lo a sclcctrvc inhibition of KNA-dclxndent DNA pulynxrasc because inhibi-
17
