Council for Tobacco Research
Annual Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
Abstract
MAR
Fields
- Depository Date
- 25 Sep 1995
- Master ID
- Ctrmn00000667-6967
Related Documents:- CTRMN000667-0808 Deposition of Robert F. Gertenbach [Deposition of Gertenbach in the Matter of Rogers]
- CTRMN000809-0827 Certificate of Incorporation of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Under Section 402 of the Not-for-Profit Corporation Law [Details Definitions and Purposes for Forming A Not-for-Profit Corporation]
- CTRMN000828-0848 by-Laws of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. [Rules and Regulations for the Operation of the Council]
- CTRMN000849-0854 Application for Research Grant [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000855-0856 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Stipulations for Receiving A Funding Award]
- CTRMN000857-0859 [Suggestions and Guidelines for Submitting A Request for A Grant]
- CTRMN000860-0871 [Transmittal of Information for Securing A Research Grant]
- CTRMN000872-0882 [A Blank Funding Request Form for Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN000883-0892 Closing Dates for Application of Renewal Grants Requirements: (1) Progress Report and (2) Abstract of Progress Report [Procedural Information for Applying for Continued Funding for Scientific Project]
- CTRMN000893-1031 Published Reports on Research Supported in Whole or in Part by the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. Formerly the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [List of Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN001032-1045 1956 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001046-1094 1957 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001095-1127 1958 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001128-1163 1959 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001164-1201 1960 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001202-1239 1961 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001240-1269 1962 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001270-1306 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001307-1346 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001347-1387 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001388-1429 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001430-1485 Annual Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001486-1529 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN001579-1632 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001633-1681 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001682-1727 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001728-1771 1975 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001772-1816 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001817-1860 1977 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001861-1913 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001914-1967 1979 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN001968-2025 1980 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002026-2088 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002089-2148 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002149-2223 Report of the Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. [St]
- CTRMN002224-2942 Application for Research Grant An Investigation of the Spectral and Chromatographic Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. [Study on High Temperature Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography]
- CTRMN002943-3303 [Regarding Polio and Tuberculosis As Predisposing Factor in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN003304-3322 Tobacco-Health Research Program [Display Case Showing Main Areas of Investigation]
- CTRMN003323-3326 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Rules for Approval of Grants Relating to Tobacco Use and Human Health]
- CTRMN003327-3337 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Concerning Problems of Cigarette Lung Cancer Causation and Why They Have No Been Solved]
- CTRMN003338-3357 A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy [Views of Cancer Experts on Causes of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN003358-3365 Some Information About... The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc. ...and Its Research Program [Informs About the Purpose and Function of Organization's Research Program]
- CTRMN003366-3374 the Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board to the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. [Informs the Purposes, Policies, and the Research Program of the Board]
- CTRMN003375-3419 the Cancer-Smoking Controversy [Regards the Fallacious Conclusions of Cigarette Smoking Causing Lung Cancer From A Mathematical and Scientific Point of View]
- CTRMN003420-3425 Some Harvard Men & the Smoking Habit [Give Results of Questionnaire Relating to Biological Factors of Tobacco Smoking]
- CTRMN003426-3431 the Pathologic Anatomy of the Bronchial Tree and Lungs Reprinted From the Archives of Pathology Vol. 70 [St Finds of Equivocal Results with the Use of Tobacco]
- CTRMN003432-3437 Some Statistical Observations on A Co-Operative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology Reprinted From the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 43 No. 12 [St Examines Systematically the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Random Cases]
- CTRMN003438-3442 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology, II [Results Show Pathological Lungs in Different Cities Are Acutally Different]
- CTRMN003443-3447 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology. II [Study Comparing Pathological Conditions in 8 Different Cities Shows That Conditions Are All Different]
- CTRMN003448-3456 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology [Systematic Examinations of the Conditions at Autopsy in the Bronchial Mucosae of Run-of-the-Mill Cases]
- CTRMN003457-3464 Some Statistical Observations on A Cooperative Study of Human Pulmonary Pathology III [When Probability Is Doubtful the Use of Variable Tables to Calculate Results Is the Best Way to Make A Precise and Accurate Answer for Sufficient Range of Pathological Conditions]
- CTRMN003465-3476 Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers [Differences Between Smokers and Nonsmokers Have to Do with Personality Traits and Physiologic Criteria]
- CTRMN003477-3485 the Psychology of Smoking [Smoking Is Determined by Certain Personality Variables and Personal Needs]
- CTRMN003486-3490 the Tobacco and Health Research Program of the Scientific Advisory Board [Regarding Information the Tobacco Industry Research Committee Do for the Research Program]
- CTRMN003491-3558 Tobacco Consumption in Various Countries [Results of Cigarette and Cigar Smokers From Different Countries]
- CTRMN003559-3560 Statement of Policy Containing Conditions and Terms Under Which Project Grants Are Made [Guidelines for Which Grants Are Approved]
- CTRMN003561-3780 Tobacco Smoking in the United States in Relation to Income Marketing Research Report No. 189 [A Report Compiled by the Bureau of the Census for the United States Public Health Service on Smoking Characteristics in Relation to Income, Age, Region, Urban-Rural Residence and Occupation.]
- CTRMN003781-3781 Operating Results 1982 and Budget 1983 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003782-3782 Operating Results for Ten-Months Ended 10/31 Budget 11/1/83 Through 10/31/84 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003783-3783 Actual Operating Fiscal Year 1984 and Budget Fiscal Year 1985 [Record of Expenditures]
- CTRMN003784-3787 Confidential Report on Meeting January 18, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee (TIRC) [St]
- CTRMN003788-3797 Confidential Report on Meeting March 15, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee [St]
- CTRMN003798-3800 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003801-3815 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003816-3835 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003836-3852 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 3, 1955 [St]
- CTRMN003853-3869 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting February 14, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003870-3895 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 9, 1956 [St]
- CTRMN003896-3907 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 9, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003908-3923 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 8, 1957 [St]
- CTRMN003924-3931 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting May 8 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003932-3939 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 6, 1958 [St]
- CTRMN003940-3945 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003946-3956 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting December 10, 1959 [St]
- CTRMN003957-3969 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 15, 1960 [St]
- CTRMN003970-3982 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting October 18, 1961 [St]
- CTRMN003983-3991 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting [St]
- CTRMN003992-4002 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Meeting November 15, 1962 [St]
- CTRMN004003-4006 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. March 5, 1964 [St]
- CTRMN004007-4014 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. June 8, 1965 [St]
- CTRMN004015-4020 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 27, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004021-4026 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 24, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004027-4034 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. January 31, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004035-4041 Minutes of the First Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004042-4048 Minutes of the Second Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004049-4052 Minutes of the Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors June 24, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004053-4057 Minutes of of the Board of Directors January 28, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004058-4061 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors November 10, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004062-4066 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 26, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004067-4070 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors July 26, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004071-4076 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004077-4081 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors June 13, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004082-4086 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 5, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004087-4091 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 31, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004092-4095 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors July 24, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004096-4141 Retirement Plan for Employees of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Amended and Restated As of July 1, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004142-4147 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors December 10, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004148-4153 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 30, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004154-4157 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors September 9, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004158-4161 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 28 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004162-4166 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors April 21 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004167-4167 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors August 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004168-4172 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors January 29, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004173-4176 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors February 1, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004177-4178 Minutes of the Board of Directors Executive Committee Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004179-4184 Minutes of the Meeting of the Directors January 30, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004185-4189 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors June 25, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004190-4192 Minutes of A Meeting of Certain Members of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004193-4198 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004199-4205 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004206-4209 Minutes of the Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004210-4213 Minutes of the Special Meeting of the Board of Directors [St]
- CTRMN004214-4217 Confidential Report of Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004218-4221 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004222-4226 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004227-4232 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004233-4236 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004237-4240 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004241-4246 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004247-4251 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004252-4256 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004257-4266 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004267-4283 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004284-4287 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004288-4292 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004293-4297 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004298-4303 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004304-4310 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004311-4316 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004317-4319 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004320-4323 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004324-4330 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004331-4335 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004336-4339 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004340-4344 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004345-4348 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004349-4353 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004354-4357 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004358-4366 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004367-4370 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004371-4376 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004377-4390 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004391-4395 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004396-4400 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004401-4404 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004405-4409 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004410-4413 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004414-4416 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004417-4420 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004421-4426 Confidential Report Scientific Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004427-4430 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004431-4433 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004434-4436 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004437-4439 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004440-4443 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004444-4446 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004447-4450 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004451-4454 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004455-4459 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004460-4463 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004464-4467 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004468-4472 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004473-4475 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004476-4480 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004481-4484 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004485-4492 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004493-4497 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 23-24, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004498-4501 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting December 9-10, 1967 [St]
- CTRMN004502-4505 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting [St]
- CTRMN004506-4510 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting La Jolla, California March 2-3-4, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004511-4516 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York New York May 25-26, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004517-4522 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 14-15, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004523-4526 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 8-9, 1968 [St]
- CTRMN004527-4531 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 22-23, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004532-4538 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York May 16-18, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004539-4544 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004545-4549 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York December 12-14, 1969 [St]
- CTRMN004550-4555 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Colorado Springs, Colorado March 20-22, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004556-4560 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004561-4569 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 18-19-20, 1970 [St]
- CTRMN004570-4578 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Chicago, Illinois January 15,16, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004579-4585 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. May 7-8-9, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004586-4593 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. September 24-25-26, 1971 [St]
- CTRMN004594-4598 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004599-4604 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Palm Springs, California March 24-25-26, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004605-4609 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 9-11, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004610-4614 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 15-17, 1972 [St]
- CTRMN004615-4623 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 14-15-16, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004624-4626 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board June 13, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004627-4634 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 10-11-12, 1973 [St]
- CTRMN004635-4643 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 4, 1973 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004644-4654 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 30-31 November 1, 1974 [St]
- CTRMN004655-4656 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board December 13, 1974 New York, N.Y. [St]
- CTRMN004657-4664 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 26-27-28, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004665-4672 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 10-11-12, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004673-4675 Meeting Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 13, 1975 [St]
- CTRMN004676-4683 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Santa Barbara, California March 17-18-19, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004684-4686 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 11, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004687-4694 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 28-29-30, 1976 October 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004695-4697 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Bethesda, Maryland December 1, 1976 [St]
- CTRMN004698-4706 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Tuscon, Arizona March 23-25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004707-4708 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Tuscon, Arizona March 25, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004709-4710 Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York May 19, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004711-4719 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 26-28, 1977 [St]
- CTRMN004720-4723 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting Phoenix, Arizona January 16-17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004724-4724 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board Committee Phoenix, Arizona January 17, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004725-4734 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 26-27-28, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004735-4735 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Executive Committee New York, New York April 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736-4737 Confidential Report Meeting for the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004736A-4736A Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York July 27, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004738-4747 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 18-19-20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004748-4750 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 20, 1978 [St]
- CTRMN004751-4759 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 11-12-13, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004760-4769 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 17-18-19, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004770-4770 Confidential Meeting of the Report Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 18, 1979 [St]
- CTRMN004771-4780 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Meeting New York, New York Aprill 9-10-11, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004781-4781 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York June 20, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004782-4783 Confidential Report Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York September 16, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004784-4792 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 8-9-10, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004793-4794 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 9, 1980 [St]
- CTRMN004795-4804 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 8-9-10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004805-4805 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 8, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004806-4806 Confidential Report Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 10, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004807-4816 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 14-15-16, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004817-4818 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 15, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004819-4820 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York December 9, 1981 [St]
- CTRMN004821-4831 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 21, 22, 23, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004832-4833 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 21, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004834-4843 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 6,7,8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004844-4844 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Meeting of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York October 8, 1982 [St]
- CTRMN004845-4845 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Scottsdale, Arizona February 24, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004846-4857 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York April 20, 21, 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004858-4858 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 22, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004859-4859 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York June 6, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004860-4871 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York October 12, 13, 14, 1983 [St]
- CTRMN004872-4882 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting New York, New York March 28, 29, 30, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004883-4883 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York March 29, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004884-4895 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting September 19, 20, 21, 1984 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004896-4896 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York September 20, 1984 [St]
- CTRMN004897-4897 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board Palm Beach, Florida February 25, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004898-4898 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004899-4910 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004911-4911 Confidential Report Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Scientific Advisory Board New York, New York April 16, 1985 [St]
- CTRMN004912-4923 Confidential Report Scientific Advisory Board Meeting April 15, 16, 17, 1985 New York, New York [St]
- CTRMN004924-4927 for Release: A.M.'s Wednesday, April 14, 1954 ["Reaction to the Compendium "A Scientific Perspective on the Cigarette Controversy""]
- CTRMN004928-4929 for Release: A.M.'s Tuesday, April 27, 1954 [Scientific Advisory Board Organized Early to Begin Research Into All Phases of Tobacco Use and Health for the Year]
- CTRMN004930-4931 for Release in A.M.'s of Tuesday, May 18, 1954 [Proposals Submitted for Cancer Research Projects for Consideration by Scientific Advisory Board]
- CTRMN004932-4933 for Release After 10:30 A.M., June 15, 1954 [Appointment of Dr. Clarence Cook Little Announced by the Tobacco Research Industry Committee]
- CTRMN004934-4937 for Immediate Release [American Cancer Society Survey Conveys the Need to Further Research to Discover Cause of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN004938-4939 for Release in Am's of Tuesday, July 20, 1954 [Edwin B. Wilson of Harvard University Became A Member of Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004940-4942 for Release: A.M.'s of Wednesday, July 28, 1954 Little Announces Research Policy of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Three Main Areas to Be Covered by Research Program Announced]
- CTRMN004943-4944 for Release in A.M.'s Thursday, August 19, 1954 [Dr. Julius H. Comroe of University of Pennsylvania, Accepted Membership on Scientific Advisory Board of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee]
- CTRMN004945-4945 for Immediate Release (Monday, October 11, 1954) Dr. Little Gives TIRC View [Little States That No Convincing Evidence Has Yet Been Found to Prove That Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN004946-4946 for Immediate Release (Tuesday, October 12, 1954) [Timothy V. Hartnet, Chairman of Board, Stated That Public Should Be Reminded That No Lung Cancer Causing Agent Has Yet Been Identified in Tobacco]
- CTRMN004947-4947 for Release: Wednesday, October 20, 1954 Hartnett Approves Care in Research [Committee to Be Sure That Reliable Evidence Is Available Before Announcing Important Conclusions to the Public About Smoking]
- CTRMN004948-4948 for Immediate Release (Thursday, October 21, 1954) Hartnett Comments on Cigarette Paper Burning [Timothy V. Hartnett Comments That A Cancer Causing Compound on Skin of Mice Has Been Produced by Burning Cigarette Paper Under Certain Lab Conditions]
- CTRMN004949-4952 for Release: A.M.'s, Monday, November 8, 1954 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Announces Initial Grants [Six Scientific Research Grants Totalling Over $82,000 Made Public]
- CTRMN004953-4954 for Release in A.M.'s, Monday, December 6, 1954 Scientific Associate Named by Tobacco Research Group [Robert C. Hockett Appointed As Scientific Director of TIRC to Help Develop Research Into Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN004955-4956 for Immediate Release Cross-Country Lung Study Planned by Tobacco Group [Group of Pathologists Plan A Cooperative Study to Increase Knowledge of Lung Ailments]
- CTRMN004957-4959 for Release in Year-End Editions But Not Before December 27, 1954 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [TIRC Will Approve A Quarter of A Million Dollars for Research Into Public Health Problems by the End of 1954]
- CTRMN004960-4963 for Release: Monday A.M.'s, January 17, 1955 Tobacco Industry's New Research Grants Send Total to More Than $300,000 [New Research Grants Announced by TIRC to Relate to Both Human and Animal Scientific Studies]
- CTRMN004964-4966 for Release in A.M.'s of Friday, April 8, 1955 Tobacco Industry Group Votes Medical Research Fellowships [TIRC Announced Fellowship Program to Create Interest in Research Among Medical School Students]
- CTRMN004967-4969 Release Tuesday, May 17, 1955 and Thereafter Tobacco and Health Studies Cover Wide Range of Research [Although No Scientific Proof That Cigarettes or Air Pollution Cause Lung Cancer, Progress Is Being Made to Learn More About Tobacco Use and Health by the TIRC]
- CTRMN004970-4972 Tobacco Research Grants Increased to 490,000 Mark [Research Grants Are Created So Science Can Provide An Answer to Public Health Problems]
- CTRMN004973-4973 Hartnett Comments on Auerbach Paper [Many Studies on Human Lung Tissue, Not Enough Data Available to Draw A Conclusion Yet]
- CTRMN004974-4975 Anti-Smoking Theories Not Based on Complete Scientific Knowledge [Scientific Investigation Into What the Real Effects Are From Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN004976-4977 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Research Intensified in Past Year, No Proof That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004978-4980 Doctor's Survey Termed 'biased, 'says Hartnett [Questionnaire Would Give No Concrete Conclusions About Tobacco Causing Cancer]
- CTRMN004981-4982 Hartnett Alerts Burley Men to Challenge Tobacco Attacks [Doctors Are Expressing Their Doubts About Statements Already Made; Tobacco Effects]
- CTRMN004983-4984 Bright Belt Warehouse Men Told Facts Challenge Critics [Still Looking for Proof That Tobacco Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN004985-4986 Tobacco Spokesman Says Facts and Position Are Unchanged [Various Experiments with Animals Showed That Cancer Was Not the Outcome From Tobacco Smoke]
- CTRMN004987-4987 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Study [Methods Used for Cancer Research Still Do Not Give Enough Information]
- CTRMN004988-4990 British Tobacco Experiments Unable to Induce Cancers [Still No Connection, Tests Will Continue]
- CTRMN004991-4993 Tobacco Research Grants Now Over 838,000 Mark [Tobacco Research Is Getting More Support From Doctors, Scientists, and Educators]
- CTRMN004994-4996 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Summary of the Past Years' Events in Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN004997-4999 Tobacco Research Fund Raised to 1,500,000 [Finding New Ways to Break Down Tobacco]
- CTRMN005000-5001 Tobacco Industry Group Renews Medical Research Fellowships [More Medical Students Are Receiving Fellowships Than Last Year]
- CTRMN005002-5003 Hartnett Statement on Cancer Meeting Reports [There Is Still Much Research to Be Done Before Tobacco Is Linked to Cancer]
- CTRMN005004-5005 [Pathologists From Around the Country Have Studied Human Lung Tissues Over the Past Year]
- CTRMN005006-5006 [Smoking Patterns Do Not Explain Differences in Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005007-5008 Hartnett Cites British Tobacco Tests Failing to Produce Animal Cancer [the Search for Cancer Must Be Broadened and Intensified]
- CTRMN005009-5010 Hartnett Comments on Statistical Claims [Although Many Believe Smoking Causes Cancer, Scientists Still Have Not Found Any Prof]
- CTRMN005011-5011 [Present Knowledge Doesn't Hint A Relationship Between Smoking and Heart Problems]
- CTRMN005012-5016 Hartnett Comments on Cancer Society Booklet [Pamphlet Omits Some Important Research Results]
- CTRMN005017-5018 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Research Committee Needs More Scientific Investigation]
- CTRMN005019-5025 Tobacco Research Funds Reach 2.2 Million Mark [Over 60 Independent Scientists Throughout the Country Are Working in Institutions to Further the Research of Cancer and Tobacco Use, They Are Listed]
- CTRMN005026-5027 Hartnett Comments on French Report [French Are Reporting Rapid Cancer Formation in Mice, Hartnett Feels It Can't Be Judged on the Basis of New Reports Without Longer Consideration and Careful Analysis]
- CTRMN005028-5030 Harnett Cites Points for Clarification in Tobacco Health Study [Smoking Study Reached the Public's Attention Before It Was Reviewed and Before the Facts Were Made Crystal Clear]
- CTRMN005031-5032 Hartnett Comments on Wynder News Stories [News Story Claims That Assumptions Have Been Made About Mouse Skin Painting Experiments]
- CTRMN005033-5037 Statement on Smoking and Health Studies [Scientists Are Developing A Program for Different Phases of Tobacco Use and Health, Members Listed]
- CTRMN005038-5045 Hartnett Says Statistics Do Not Establish Causes [Studies Are Open to Assumptions and Certain Selection of Subjects]
- CTRMN005046-5048 Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory [the Surgeon General Believes the Studies Are Missing Essential Facts That Should Be Acknowledged]
- CTRMN005049-5050 Scientist Comments on Benzpyrene Report [Benzpyrane in Tobacco Smoke, Under Investigation for Years Caused Cancer in Lab Animals But Not Humans]
- CTRMN005051-5055 "Cancer Researcher Challenges "Cause and Effect" Charges Against Smoking" [It's Difficult to Have A Cause and Effect Relationship When Dealing with Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005056-5056 [Atlantic Monthly Gives A Misleading Picture of Dr. Little and His Public Position]
- CTRMN005057-5058 Tobacco Committee Chairman Comments on Cancer Society Talk [Many Unresolved Questions About Tobacco Causing Cancer Don't Stop Researching]
- CTRMN005059-5061 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Most Tend to Believe the Anti-Cigarette Theory But It Shouldn't Be Confused with the Facts There's Still Not Enough Facts to Prove That Smoking Causes Cancer]
- CTRMN005062-5062 Hartnett Says Leaflet Admits Differing Opinions on Smoking [Leaflet Tells How Scientists Disagree on Evidence]
- CTRMN005063-5066 Research Program Throws Doubts on Smoking Charges [Incorrect Claims and Harmful Effects From Tobacco]
- CTRMN005067-5069 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [More and More Scientists Had Doubts and Disbeliefs in the Charges Against Smoking As A Cause of Cancer]
- CTRMN005070-5071 Tobacco Research Scientist Discusses Smoking Question [Scientists Say Smoking Has Been Proved Guilty When Linked with Human Health Problems]
- CTRMN005072-5072 Pamphlet Merely Review, Dr. Little Says [Opinions Is All the Author Gives in His Pamphlet Scientists Are Still Disputing]
- CTRMN005073-5076 TIRC Fund for Research Boosted to $2,700,000 [Grants for Independent Scientists Interested in Studying Problems of Cancer and Heart Disease When Related to Smoking]
- CTRMN005077-5080 [New Knowledge on Smoking and Health Questions]
- CTRMN005081-5081 [Veterans Study of Smoking Habits]
- CTRMN005082-5082 [Report on How There Was Existing Research Evidence and How It Was Ignored]
- CTRMN005083-5085 [Regarding Anti-Tobacco Movement]
- CTRMN005086-5086 [Benzpyrene in Cigarette Smoke]
- CTRMN005087-5088 [Experimental Evidence Is Weak]
- CTRMN005089-5089 Hartnett Says Article on Arsenic Goes Beyond Facts [Farmers Use of Insecticides with Arsenicals on Growing Tobacco Has Steadily Been Declining]
- CTRMN005090-5091 [Scientists Who Produce Conflicting Results Are Being Ignored by the Health Department]
- CTRMN005092-5094 Statement by Timothy V. Hartnett, Chairman Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Even More Grants Have Been Made Available More Factors Have Been Associated with Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005095-5100 Tobacco Industry Group Announces Research Grants [Grant Increases to $3,200,000 List of Grants Announced]
- CTRMN005101-5103 Tobacco-Health Research Described in 1958 Report [the Report Talked About Experiments That Were Unable to Produce Cancer and the Cause and Effect Theory]
- CTRMN005104-5104 [Report Shows That Other Factors Besides Smoking Have Been Causing Lung Cancer, But Scientists Do Not Dismiss the Fact That Lung Cancer Is Possibility From Smoking]
- CTRMN005105-5105 [Anti-Smoking Campaign Is Thought to Be A One-Sided Propaganda Effort]
- CTRMN005106-5106 [Questions Arise From on-Sided Study]
- CTRMN005107-5111 Cancer Scientist's Comments on Smoking-Lung Cancer Review [Evidence on Smoking and Lung Cancer Is Accumulating, Among Other Contributing Factors]
- CTRMN005112-5117 [Comments Relating to Observation on Various Studies]
- CTRMN005118-5122 Research Grants Announced by Tobacco Industry Group [$500,000 Was Added to Research Funds, A List of Recipients with the New Grants Is Mentioned]
- CTRMN005123-5127 Research Supported by Tobacco Committee Discussed in Scientific Director's Report [It Seems That Finding An Answer to Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Are Too Complicated]
- CTRMN005128-5128 [Attacks on Tobacco, the Lung Cancer Issue Is Still Not Settled]
- CTRMN005129-5129 Nta Stand on Smoking Repeats Opinions [Statement Gives No Evidence and Is Dealing Mainly with Opinions]
- CTRMN005130-5132 Tobacco Research Group Adds New Scientific Associate [New Scientific Director Was Added to the TIRC, Curriculum of J. Morrison Brady]
- CTRMN005133-5134 Tobacco Research Group Cites Questions Raised in Heart Statement [Lack of Evidence Proposes New Questions and Doubts About Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005135-5137 New Evidence Shows Complexities of Lung Cancer, Scientist Says [Hundreds of Studies Indicate Many Factors Contribute to the Complex Chain That May Result in Lung Cancer, No One Can Figure Out the Right Factor and Still the Reported Lung Cancer Cases Are Rising]
- CTRMN005138-5140 New Grants to Scientists Made by Tobacco Research Group [Research Grants Totalling $523,000 Made to 40 Scientists This Year]
- CTRMN005141-5144 Cancer Research Opens Up New Areas, Extra Funds Appropriated for Study [TIRC Stepping Up Financial Support of Independent Health Research]
- CTRMN005145-5147 Scientists in 11 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [17 Research Grants Totaling Nearly $200,00 Awarded to Scientists in 11 States for Studies of Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005148-5151 New Direction for Tobacco-Health Research in '61, Says Chairman of Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Future Research to Concentrate on How Lung Cancer and Heart Disease Originate]
- CTRMN005152-5160 Research on Smoking and Health Discussed by Scientific Advisory Board to T.I.R.C. [Health Research Expansion Called for in 22 Specific Areas]
- CTRMN005161-5162 Scientist Reports on Research Progress As T.I.R.C. Boosts Funds to $4,650,000 [Dr. Clarence Cook Little Proposed Steps for Medical Research]
- CTRMN005163-5163 Nation's Medical Students Offered Research Fellowships by Tobacco Research Group [Program Designed to Encourage Research As A Career]
- CTRMN005164-5168 Scientists in 14 States Get Research Grants for Tobacco-Health Studies [Fifteen Grants for New Research Announced]
- CTRMN005169-5173 Tobacco Industry Research Committee Adds $800,000 for New Research [Emphasis Put on Viruses, Bioassay, Psychological and Physiological Research]
- CTRMN005174-5176 ""Significant Developments" in Cancer Research Reviewed in Annual Report by Dr. C.C. Little" [Scientific Findings of the Past Year Reviewed]
- CTRMN005177-5179 Tobacco Research Group Offers Fellowships to Medical Students to Spur Interest in Research Work [Program Designed to Encourage Career in Research]
- CTRMN005180-5180 Tobacco Research Committee Chairman Comments on Mouse Skin Painting [Harmless Everyday Substances Can Cause Cancer in Laboratory Animals]
- CTRMN005181-5182 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005183-5217 Smoking-Health Situation Calls for Facts, Not Emotions, Says Hartnett [Repetition Does Not Add to Scientific Knowledge]
- CTRMN005218-5224 52 Additional Research Grants Made by Tobacco Industry Group [Money for Studies Designed to Give New Leads to Lung Cancer and Other Health Problems]
- CTRMN005225-5225 Medical Student Fellowships Offered by Tobacco Research Group [Program to Encourage Research]
- CTRMN005226-5228 Gaps Still Exist in Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Heart Disease, Says Little [Multiple Factors and Influences That Contribute to Lung Cancer Unknown]
- CTRMN005229-5230 Scientific Director of Tobacco Industry Research Committee Comment on Resolution by American Heart Association [TIRC Welcomes Recognition of Need for Further Research to Determine Full Facts About Smoking]
- CTRMN005231-5234 Tobacco Committee Adds $1 Million for Continuing Research Studies [Scientific Advisory Board Assured TIRC Will Provide More Funds]
- CTRMN005235-5235 [Scientific Director of TIRC Sent Telegrams to the Surgeon General and the President of the Ama]
- CTRMN005236-5236 [Ama Supports Research on Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005237-5239 [TIRC Renamed and Reorganized]
- CTRMN005240-5241 Dr. Howard B. Andervont Named to the Scientific Advisory Board [Editor of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute Appointed]
- CTRMN005242-5277 Tobacco Industry Group Awards $817,165 for Health Research [37 Additional Research Grants Have Been Awarded by the Ctr]
- CTRMN005278-5282 Scientific Director C.C. Little Reports Decade of Tobacco-Health Research [Findings on What Diseases Smoking Can Cause]
- CTRMN005283-5286 Council Awards $500,000 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded for Tobacco Use and Health Research]
- CTRMN005287-5291 Summary of the Testimony of Clarence C. Little Before the Senate Commerce Committee [Discussion on Cancer and How It Affects Our Bodies]
- CTRMN005292-5319 Council Awards $514,767 for Tobacco and Health Research [Number of Grants Awarded to Scientist Over the Period of 10 Years]
- CTRMN005320-5348 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Discussion on Cigarette Smoking Being Helpful with Causing Diseases in Smokers]
- CTRMN005349-5367 Tobacco and Health Research Awards Pass $9 Million Total [Grants Given to Scientist Studying Matter Related to Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005368-5375 Tobacco-Health Research Grants Awarded New York Scientists [Scientists Approved to Continue Research on Lung Cancer and Other Diseases]
- CTRMN005376-5382 Tobacco - Health Studies Reviewed in Annual Report [Studies of the Respiratory System in Experimental Animals and Human Patients Especially on Causes of Pulmonary Cancers]
- CTRMN005383-5384 [Opinions of Scientists That There Is No Relationship Between Smoking and Disease]
- CTRMN005385-5387 New Tobacco-Health Research Grants Total $2 Million [Number of Approved Grants for Studies on Tobacco Use and Health]
- CTRMN005388-5388 Furst Becomes Consultant to Tobacco Research Council [Dr. Furst Advise to Council on Programs Sponsored by Them]
- CTRMN005389-5393 Studies Raise Questions About Smoking As Health Hazard [Numerous Studies Done to Show What Effect Smoking Had on Our Health]
- CTRMN005394-5400 Broad Review of Tobacco-Health Picture Covered in Dr. Little's Latest Report Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Chronic Pulmonary Ailments Are Complex in Nature, Says Noted Researcher Genetic and Environmental Factors May Be Involved Reports Scientific Director of Council for Tobacco Research [Recent Research Finding on Lung Cancer, Heart Disease and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005401-5404 Significant Smoking-Health Finding Covered in Report by Dr. C.C. Little [Findings From Independent Scientists on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005405-5408 New Tobacco-Health Grants Announced; One Helps Revive Framinghan Heart Study [Awards Granted to Independent Scientists Researching Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005409-5412 New Scientific Findings About Cancer, Heart Disease, the Lung, Other Areas, Reported by Council for Tobacco Research [New Findings From Independent Scientists Relating to Tobacco and Health Issue]
- CTRMN005413-5415 New Smoking-Health Studies Boost Total to $23-Million [Council Awards More Grants to the Study of Lung Cancer, Viruses and Cancer, Heart Disease, and Chronic Pulmonary Ailments]
- CTRMN005416-5418 Progress in Tobacco-Health Research Achieved: Machines That Simulate Human Smoking [Machines to Help Scientists Effectively Study Smoke and Health Issues]
- CTRMN005419-5421 Noted Cancer Scientist Named Scientific Director of the Council for Tobacco Research [Dr. Hockett Who Was Acting Scientific Director Got Promoted to Research Director]
- CTRMN005422-5425 Massive Cancer Study Using Made-to-Order Mice [Study Using Mice to See If Human Lung Cancer Can Be Induced Regularly]
- CTRMN005426-5427 Tobacco Research Group Announces New Studies [12 New Studies Have Been Funded to Study Generic Factors in Lung Cancer and Emphysema and the Possible Influence of Nicotine on Fetal Growth]
- CTRMN005428-5429 Studies of Twins Expanded by Tobacco Research Group [Human Twins Used for Study to Determine Effects of Environment Agents on Various Diseases]
- CTRMN005430-5432 News About Smoking and Health Study Interaction of Genetic and External Influences in Lung Cancer [Studies Show That Only Minority of Smokers Get Lung Cancer Therefore Lung Cancer May Be Caused by Genetic Characteristics or External Influences Which People Have Been Exposed]
- CTRMN005433-5434 New Smoking and Health Grants Made by Tobacco Research Council [New Studies Have Received Grants to Continue Researching on Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005435-5435 Yeaman Assumes Leadership of Council for Tobacco Research [Addison Yeaman Succeeds H.H. Ramm for Chairman and President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005436-5438 14 New Studies Funded by Tobacco Research Council [Grants Awarded to Studies for Inhibition of Cancer by Different Chemicals, the Influence of Nicotine on Pregnancy and the Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Body's Disease Fighting System]
- CTRMN005439-5441 Progress Being Made in Research on Emphysema [Scientist Discover Ways to Help Defend Against Emphysema]
- CTRMN005442-5444 14 New Smoking-Health Projects Are Approved [Recent Research Studies Dealing with Smoking and Health Have Been Given Grants]
- CTRMN005445-5446 Grants Awarded for New Smiking-Health Studies [Scientists Were Approved for Studying of Certain Enzymes in Human Lung Cancer and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005447-5448 Tobacco Research Report Discusses Heart Disease [Studies Have Found Progressive Atherosclerosis Rank First As Number One As Causes of Death From Cardiovascular Disease]
- CTRMN005449-5451 Grants Awarded for New Smoking-Health Research [New Studies Have Been Approved for Marker Substance That May Indicate Presence of Lung Cancer and on Smoking and Pregnancy]
- CTRMN005452-5453 Tobacco Research Group Funds New Smoking-Health Projects [A New Study for Relationship of Childhood Respiratory Disease to the Development of Adult Chronic Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005454-5455 Tobacco Research Group Reports... Funds for Smoking-Health Studies Pass $46,000,000 [Amount Council Has Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005456-5458 $5.9 Millions Given for Smoking-Healths Studies [Council Has Given Millions Over the Years to Researchers]
- CTRMN005459-5460 Tobacco Research Group Says... Continued Research Needed to Find Causes of Cancer and Other Major Diseases [Council Pledges to Continue to Give Financial Support to Scientists Studying Smoke-Health Issues]
- CTRMN005461-5462 $6 Million Granted for Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Given to Scientist for Further Study]
- CTRMN005463-5465 Tobacco Research Group Continues Funding for Independent Scientists [Council Has Provided Millions Over the Years to Researchers and Will Continue to Do So]
- CTRMN005466-5467 $5.5 Million Given for Smokin-Health Studies [Council Has Given Millions to New and on Going Studies Over the Years]
- CTRMN005468-5469 Annual Report Issued by Tobacco Research Group [Over 1.5882 Reports From Scientists Acknowledging Support From the Council Have Been Published]
- CTRMN005470-5473 $6 Million Awarded for 34 New Smoking-Health Studies [Millions Were Given to Scientists with New Studies and Continuing Ones From the Council]
- CTRMN005474-5474 Ctr's Latest Report Sets Abstract Record [More Reports Were Published From Scientists Acknowledgingg Support From Council for Tobacco Research Than Any Other Report Published in the Past]
- CTRMN005475-5475 Scientists Show... Growing Interest in Doing Smoking and Health Studies [Growing Number of Application Have Gone to the Council of Tobacco Research for Funding on Smoke Related Diseases]
- CTRMN005476-5479 $7 and A Half -Million Awarded for Smoking-Health Research [Millions Given to Scientists for Studying Lung Disease]
- CTRMN005480-5481 Council for Tobacco Research Announces... Hoyt and Hockett Retire After 30 Years: Gertenbach Is Named New President [Introduction to President of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005482-5482 Ctr's Annual Report Sets Abstract Record [the Number of Reports Acknowledging Support by the Council of Tobacco Research Is More Today Than It Was Years Ago]
- CTRMN005483-5485 Findings Published on Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Study with Mice [Results From Study Show That Smoke Did Not Produce Any Squamous Cell Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005486-5525 Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, Tobacco Industry Research Committee, at Press Conference, University Club, New York City, June 15, 1954 [Regarding Relationship Between Lung Cancer and Tobacco]
- CTRMN005526-5533 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's First Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Experiments That Show That Cigarette Smoking Increases Chances for Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005534-5541 "Transcript of Edward R. Murrow's Second Tv Show on "Cigarettes and Lung Cancer"" [Regarding Issue That Cigarette Smoke Does Not Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005542-5562 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Regarding Continuation of Study Dealing with Tobacco and Health]
- CTRMN005563-5573 A Report of Progress [Results From the Study of Smoking and Health Issue Will Greatly Depend on Well Planned and Well-Executed Scientific Research]
- CTRMN005574-5585 Tobacco and the Cardiovascular System the Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Program Strives to Discover Facts and Relationships Described with Objectivity]
- CTRMN005586-5597 A Search for Facts [Regarding Information Needed to Be Gathered on Smoking and Health Problems to Defend Industry]
- CTRMN005598-5605 the Lung Cancer Problem and the Research Program of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee [Discussion on Different Studies Will Continue to Be Made Until A Answer Is Found]
- CTRMN005606-5607 Cancer Research Guest Editorial Smoking and Lung Cancer Volume 16 [St Regarding Support Given to Scientist for Research]
- CTRMN005608A-5609 "Correspondence Regarding "Smoking and Health"" [Discussion on Researching on Tobacco and Health with Objectivity and Not Be Judgmental]
- CTRMN005608B-5609 Hypfibrinogenemia [Regarding Transfusions and Clotting Mechanism in A Case of Extraordinarily Delayed Post-Partum Hemorrhage]
- CTRMN005608C-5609 Diabetic Children [Admitting Omission of Different Data From Other Sources]
- CTRMN005608D-5609 Revocation of Licenses [Revoking of Registration From Dr. Louis A. Scinta]
- CTRMN005610A-5613 Mayo Clinic Head Believes Smoking Not Cancer Cause Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Smoking Not Believed to Be Cause of Lung Cancer, According to Some Noted Physicians]
- CTRMN005610B-5613 Six Experts State Doubts on Smoking-Cancer Theory Tell Congressmen Reasons for Position Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Reasons for Not Accepting Theory That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610C-5613 New Book Says Tobacco 'scare' Not Justified Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [""Science Looks at Smoking"]
- CTRMN005610D-5613 Editors View Smoking-Cancer Tie As Unproved, Open Question Excerpts From Editorials Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Excessive Smoking Probably the Main Cause of Lung Cancer, While Moderate Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer Has No Scientific Support]
- CTRMN005610E-5613 British Scientist Opposes Campaign Against Smoking Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Sir Ronald Fisher, British Statistician, Refuses to Produce Anti-Smoking Writing, States It As A Cause for Anxiety]
- CTRMN005610F-5613 'pick Your Expert, Take Your Choice' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Witnesses Linking Cigarettes to Lung Cancer Testify Before House Operations Sub-Committee]
- CTRMN005610G-5613 'still Open Question' Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [Authorities on Cancer State That Smoking Is Not Proven to Cause Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005610H-5613 Smoking and Death Rates Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 1 [If Everyone Stopped Smoking There Would Be No Significant Change in Death Rate]
- CTRMN005614-5616 Summary of Comments for Delivery Before: Central Subsection, North Jersey Section, American Chemical Society, Elizabeth, New Jersey [Review of the Chemical Analysis of Cigarette Smoke and Investigations of Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005617-5620 the Public and Smoking Fear or Calm Deliberation? [How Doubt, Suspicion and Fear May Affect the Deliberation of Whether Cigarette Smoking Causes Lung Cancer or Other Ailments]
- CTRMN005621A-5624 TIRC Reports Progress in Smoking-Health Research Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Too Many Unknowns Exist Concerning Lung Cancer to Warrant Conclusions Citing Smoking As Causation of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621B-5624 'tar' Misnomer for Condensed Smoke Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Difficulties in Analyzing Tobacco Smoke Make Tobacco Tar A Misnomer]
- CTRMN005621C-5624 New Statistics Contradict Anticigarette Theory Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Cigarette Smoking May Be Compatible with Normal Health Report on Done Smokers Who Have Longer That Average Life Span]
- CTRMN005621D-5624 TIRC Funds for Smoking Research Now Over $2,000,000 Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Scientific Advisory Board Approves 52 Grants and Renewals in 1957 Totalling $550,000]
- CTRMN005621E-5624 Press Questions Anti-Smoking Plan Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [State-Supported Campaign Against Cigarettes Warranted in New York]
- CTRMN005621F-5624 Study Suggests Bronchitis May Be Prime Factor in Lung Cancer Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Preliminary Study at Beatty Institute Favors Bronchitis As A Factor of Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005621G-5624 Doctors' Comments on Smoking-Health Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [Increasing Number of New Chemicals in the Atmosphere at Fault for Rise in Cancer]
- CTRMN005621H-5624 Nation-Wide Lung Tissue Study Now Being Evaluated Tobacco and Health Volume 1 Number 2 [TIRC Studying Lung Tissues From 1,600 Persons]
- CTRMN005625-5648 Biological Aspects of Cancer Research Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 30, No. 3 [St Background Research and New Information on Cancer Studies]
- CTRMN005649-5654 Interview the Cigaret Smoker and Lung Cancer Reprinted From Modern Medicine, Vol 26 [St Advises on Smoking and Its Relation to Health]
- CTRMN005655-5660 Comments on the Mortality of Smokers and Non-Smokers. A Paper by Harold W. Dorn Before the American Statistical Association Dec. 27, 1958 [Reflections on Figures Presented in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005661-5671 An Experimentalist Looks at Statistics on Smoking [Reflections on the Figures in Dorn's Paper]
- CTRMN005672-5672 Letters to the Times Findings on Smoking [Statistical Proof of Link Between Smoking and Cancer Denied]
- CTRMN005673-5683 A Brief Review of the Smoking-Lung Cancer Theory [Review of Data Known on the Relation Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005684-5686 Cancer-the Research Approach [Discussion on Cancer and A Category of Factors Which May Play Roles in Cause and Development of Cancer]
- CTRMN005687-5692 [Address Before the Burley and Dark Leaf Tobacco Export Association, Inc. Information About the Research Program Supported by the TIRC]
- CTRMN005693-5697 Some Phases of the Problem of Smoking and Lung Cancer the New England Journal of Medicine Vol. 264 No. 24 [St Disputes Findings That Smoking Causes Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005698-5704 Some Aspects of the Lung Cancer Problem Reprinted From Punjab Medical Journal Vol. Xi No. 7 [St Discussion of Relationship of Cigarette Smoking to Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005705-5735 Current Knowledge of Tobacco and Health [Discussion of Experimental Attack on Lung Cancer and Tobacco Use]
- CTRMN005736-5739 Cigarettes-Why More Research? Reprinted From the Yale Scientific Magazine [St Comments on the Uncertainties of the Correlations Between Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005740-5740 Why Do People Think That Quitting Smoking Affects Their Appetite or Their Weight? the Apothecary [St Comments on the Scientific Basis of How Smoking Affects Hunger]
- CTRMN005741-5754 Address to Be Delivered by Dr. Clarence Cook Little, Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. At A Dinner Honoring the Centennial of the University of Kentucky and the Burley Tobacco Industry Lexington, Kentucky January 12, 1965 [Talk Addressing Research Programs of the University of Kentucky]
- CTRMN005755-5772 Communications and the Biological Sciences [Brief Discussion of Principles That Should Inspire and Guide Communications in the Biological Sciences]
- CTRMN005773-5785 Perspectives in the Experimental Approach to the Human Lung Cancer Problem [Experimental Research on Lung Tumors in Animals May Lead to Insights on Human Lung Cancer]
- CTRMN005786-5798 Tobacco and Health Research [Elaboration on the Purpose, Research Practices and Studies of the TIRC]
- CTRMN005799-5805 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Experimental Studies by the TIRC Concerning Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005806-5813 the Research Perspective on Smoking and Health [Discussion on the Search for Causes of Diseases with Which Smoking Has Been Associated]
- CTRMN005814-5820 Tobacco and Health Research [Discussion of Studies on Cigarettes and the Diseases Statistically Associated with Smoking]
- CTRMN005821-5834 Tobacco and Health Research - Where Shall We Go From Here? [Suggestions for Continuing Studies and Research on Cigarette Smoking and Health]
- CTRMN005835-5852 A Look Ahead Smoking and Health - Where Do We Stand? [Talk on Chronic Diseases and Factors of Their Causation and Development in Relation to Cigarette Smoking]
- CTRMN005853-5854 Smoking-Disease Links Continue to Lack Scientific Proof [Discusses the Role of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005854-5854 Lawrence Promoted to Vp Post at Mmi [Jack Riddle Announces the New Vp of Micro-Magnetic Industries]
- CTRMN005854A-5854 Philip Morris Expands Promotional Allowances [Discusses Special Offers Made to Philip Morris Vendors]
- CTRMN005855-5882 Chapter 3 the Tobacco Health Issue: An Overview of Medical Research [St Questions Methodology of Experiments Where the Sole Objective Was the Attempt to Induce Tumors]
- CTRMN005883-5900 the Research Program (Cancer Segment) of the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Presentation Before the Tobacco Working Group [Describes the Concept, Plan, and Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN005901-5902 Smoking Prevention Education Act Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 [Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN005903-5919 [Regarding Anti-Smoking Bill]
- CTRMN005920-5931 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on H.R. 1824 March 9 and 17, 1983 Serial No. 98-8 Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding H.R. 1824 [Disputes Findings Set Forth in H.R. 1824 Regarding Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, Atherosclerosis and Emphysema]
- CTRMN005932-5932 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 May 5 and 12, 1983 [Concerning Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act of 1983]
- CTRMN005933-5940 Statement of Sheldon C. Sommers, M.D., Consultant in Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, N.Y. [Comments on Smoking Prevention Health and Education Act]
- CTRMN005941-5963 Hearings Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources United States Senate Ninety-Eighth Congress First Session on S. 772 to Promote Public Health by Improving Public Awareness of the Health Consequences of Smoking and to Increase the Effectiveness of Federal Health Officials in Investigating and Communicating to the Public Necessary Health Information, and for Other Purposes Statement of Robert Casad Hockett Regarding S. 772 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments Which Expose Animals to Smoke]
- CTRMN005964-6009 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-Seventh Congress Second Session on H.R. 5653 and H.R. 4957 March 5, 11, and 12, 1982 Serial No. 97-106 [Disputes Methodology of Experiments to Demonstrate That Cigarette Smoking Can Cause Lung Cancer in Animals]
- CTRMN006010-6012 Testimony of Dr. Robert C. Hockett During Hearing on Cigarette Smoking and Health Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, October 5, 1978 [Responds to Question Regarding Research on Health and Smoking]
- CTRMN006013-6023 Statement of Robert C. Hockett, Ph.D. Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation of the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce in Response to the Letter Dated September 27, 1978 From the Chairman of the Subcommittee to William U. Gardner, Ph.D., Scientific Director, the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc [Discusses the Purpose of the Council for Tobacco Research]
- CTRMN006024-6069 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare United States Senate Ninety-Fourth Congress Second Session on S. 2902 February 19, March 24, and May 27, 1976 [Disputes Scientific Basis of S. 2902]
- CTRMN006070-6125 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United State Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 Serial No. 92-82 [Discussion of Cigarette-Smoking and Peptic Ulcers]
- CTRMN006126-6135 Report of the Scientific Director [St]
- CTRMN006136-6189 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 February 1, 5, and 10, 1972 [Discusses Edimeological Comparisons Between Smokers and Non-Smokers]
- CTRMN006190-6200 [Bibliography Listing Over 1,275 Articles and Books About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006201-6311 [Articles About Tobacco and Disease]
- CTRMN006312-6321 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006322-6348 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statement of Dr. Robert Casad Hockett]
- CTRMN006349-6359 Hearings Before the Consumer Committee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [Statements of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers and Dr. Robert C. Hockett]
- CTRMN006360-6370 Hearings Before the Consumer Subcommittee of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Ninety-Second Congress Second Session on S. 1454 to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to Require the Federal Trade Commission to Establish Acceptable Levels of Tar and Nicotine Content of Cigarettes [References Reporting on Tobacco and Nicotine]
- CTRMN006371-6412 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Ninety-First Congress First Session on H.R. 643 A Bill to Amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act with Respect to the Labeling of Packages of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes (and Similar Bills) [Statement of Dr. Sheldon C. Sommers]
- CTRMN006413-6492 Hearings Before the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on S. 559 and S. 547 Bills to Regulate Labeling of Cigarettes and for Other Purposes [Statement of Dr. Clarence C. Little]
- CTRMN006493-6533 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of the Council for Tobacco Research U.S.A. History and Organization]
- CTRMN006534-6540 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Clarence Cook Little, SC.D.]
- CTRMN006541-6548 Hearings Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce House of Representatives Eighty-Ninth Congress First Session on H.R. 2248 A Bill to Amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act So As to Make That Act Applicable to Smoking Products [Statement of Robert Casad Hockett, Ph.D.]
- CTRMN006549-6577 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement of Dr. Clarence Cook Little]
- CTRMN006578-6611 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Statement Concerning the Origin and Purpose of the Tobacco Industry Research Committee and Its Proposed Functions]
- CTRMN006612-6614 False and Misleading Advertising (Filter-Tip Cigarettes) Hearings Before A Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations House of Representatives Eighty-Fifth Congress First Session [Hartnett Cites Scientists Doubting Smoking-Cancer Theory]
- CTRMN006615-6618 Research Into Smoking and Health [Arguments Against Tobacco Cancer Link]
- CTRMN006619-6623 [Study to Examine Reported Causes of Death in Each of 17 Regions in Houston Specifically the Five Major Respiratory Diseases]
- CTRMN006624-6624 A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers [Industry Promotes Research Into Tobacco Disease Link]
- CTRMN006625-6625 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Board of Directors [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006626-6627 the Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A., Inc. Scientific Advisory Board [Members of the Board]
- CTRMN006628-6634 No. E-121,486 I. D. Rogers, Individually and As Independent Executor of the Estate of Marjorie Helen Rogers, Deceased; Et Al Vs. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Et Al in the District Court of Jefferson County, Texas 172nd Judicial District Third Amended Notice of Intention to Take Oral Deposition [Matters on Which Ctr Witnesses Must Be Knowledgeable]
- CTRMN006635-6967 Deposition of Dr. James Glenn [Deposition of Glenn in the Matter of Broin]
- Author
- Ramm, H.H., Ctr
- Request
- 118
- Type
- ANNUAL REPORT
- Box
- 002
- UCSF Legacy ID
- dnq30a00
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SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
to The Council for Tobacco Research-U.S.A., Inc.
as of June 30, 1971
SHELDON C. SOMMERS, M.D., Chairman
Research Director, The Council for Tobacco Rcscarch-U.S.A., Inc.
Director of Laboratories, Lenox Hill Hospital
Clinical Professor of Pathology
Columbia University Collcge of Physicians and Surgcons
New York, New York
HOWARD B. ANDERVONT, Sc.D.
Scientific Editor (retired), The Journal of the National Canccr Institute
Bethcsda, Maryland
RICHARD M. BING, M.D.
Director of Cardiology and Intramural Medicine
Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, California
Professor of Medicine
University of Southern California School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
McKEEN CATTELL, PH.D., M.D.
Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology
Cornell University Medical College, New York, Ncw York
ROBERT J. HUEBNER, M.D.
Chief. Viral Cardnogenesis Branch
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland
LEON O. JACOBSON, M.D.
Dean of the Divuion of Biological Sciences
Regenstein Professor of Biological Sciences
Univcraity of Chicago, Illinois
CLARENCE COOK LITTLE, Sc.D., LL.D.. Ltrr.D.
Scientific Director, The Council for Tobacco Rcsearch-U.S.A., Inc.
Director Emeritus, Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory
Bar Harbor, Maine
CLAYTON G. LOOSLI, Ptt.D., M.D.
1/astings Professor of Medicine and Pathology
University of Southern California School of Medicine
Los Angela, California
KENNETH MERRILL LYNCH, M.D., Sc.D., LL.D.
Chancellor and Professor Emeritus of Pathology
Medical Colleae of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
WILLIAM F. RIENHOFF, Jtt., M.D.
Professor Errreritus of Surgery
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
ROBERT C. HOCKETT, Ptt.D.
Acting Scientific Director
J. MORRISON BRADY, M.D. JOHN H. KREISHER, Ptt.D.
Assaciate Scientific Director Associate Scienuf;c Dirrctor
VINCENT F. LISANTI, D.M.D.
Scientific Associate
CLARENCE COOK LITTLE, Sc.D., LL.D., Litt. D.
1II88-1971
Dr. Clarence Cook Little, internationally known geneticist and
cancer «searcher, dicd December 22, 1971. He had been Scientific
Director of The Council for Tobacco Researeh-U.S.A., Inc. and
its predecessor since shortly after the latter's establishment in 1954.
I(c also served (or many years as Chairman of the Scientific Ad-
visory Board, an elective position for which only Board members
votc. Former president of both the University of Maine (1922-
1925) and thc University of Michigan (1926-1929), "Pete" or
"Prczy," as he was known to colleagues and itudcnts, was a tower-
ing figurc as a man and as a scientist. Warm, dynamic, an engaging
personality with a sharp wit, Dr. Little was one of the first scientists
to discover evidencc ol a viral agent in cancer, an observation that
led eventually to the generalized virus theory of cancer. He also
did pioneering work in immunology and was one of the early re-
searchers into the genetic effects of radiation. Dr. Little founded
the world-famed Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, in
1929. He served as its director until 1956 and as director emeritus
until his death. He formerly was Managing Director (1929-1945)
of the American Association for the Control of Cancer, which is
now the American Cancer Society, and was a Fellow of the Na-
tional Academy of Sciences and a member of nurnerous other
scientific societies. He authored many books and articles and his
1939 book, "Civilization Againsl Cancer," is still considered a
classic for the layman. For 17 years Dr. Little gave The Council
inspired scientific leadership and guidance. His contributions were
many and important. He will be deeply missed.
CONTENTS
Introduction
5
The Cancer Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Cardiovascular Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Chronic Rcspiratory Discascs .. . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Ncurophysiology, Psychophysiology and Pharmacology ..... 16
Other Studics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Abstracts of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Psychophysiological Studics . . . . . . . . . . 20
Carcinogcncsis Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Respiratory Systcm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Tissue and Organ Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Studies at the Cellular Level . . . . . . . . . . 56
Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology . . . . . . . 59
Metabolic Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chemistry and Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Epidemiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Active Pro jccts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Completed Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
I
I
Introduction
Previous Annual Reports have stated the general raearch policies of
The Council for Tobacco Rescarch-U.S.A., Inc. as conceived by the
Scientific Advisory Board. These policies, which continue to guide the
program, emphasize study of the etiology of those diseases that are reputed
to be related statistically in their incidence to cigarette smoking.
Such diseases, especially cancer, cardiovascular ailments and chronirc
respiratory afflictions, arc not only leading causes of tnorbibity and death
since the conquest of major infectious diseases but are universally rowg-
nizcd to be of multifactorial ocigin and to be strongJy influenced by con-
genital predispositions. The role of tobacco use in their etiology, if such
exists, can therefore be defined or measured only within the context of a
growing comprehension of the total etiological picture, involving knowledge
of the complex interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors.
As new concepts develop with respect to etiological mechanisms that
may be involved in the genesis of these constitutional diseascs, these con-
ccpts in turn suggcst new biological test systems for determining whether
chronic exposure to cigarette smoke or some ingredient thereof can con-
tribute to the operation of these mechanisms. In this way it is to be hoped
that a series of progressively more meaningful test systems will evolve as
ctiological understanding advances, to supersede the crude and inadequate
mcthods of the past.
All investigators in the field are well aware that scientific progress
takes place "in slow motion." The description of progress in a single year
is akin to attempting to depict the progress of a baseball gaine by desaib-
ing one inning. Moreover, since the progress of studies in one single pro-
gram such as that of The Council is interrelated in a very complex manner
with the progress of many other studies throughout the scientific world, the
report of any one program can hardly hope to present anything resembling
an integrated picture of the status of knowledge In any particular beld or
arca of medical science.
Recognizing these limitatiam, we have attempted only to mention in
this report a few selected findings that have emerged in published form
in the year ended June 1971. These aclectiorts do not in any way minimize
the potential importance of many contributions by other investigators that
do not receive particular mention here. S1nae all these contributions have
entered the "public domain" of science, they will be assimilated into the
body of total knowledge and comprehension that occurs through the
process of "digestion" and anabolism by the great eoafratcrniry of investi-
gators in the many disciplines involved.
Roat:ar C. Hocuerr
Acting Scientific Director
5
C~
H
U
.y..
:~...
e
w
The Cancer Program
Viruses and Cancer
Viral aspects of cancer, including the human disease, are being in-
tcnsivcly studied in many laboratories throughout the world. Reports of
advances in this active field seem to appear almost wcckly as scicntists
strive to pin down exact evidence that human cancers, or at lcast some of
them, are caused by viral factors. Perhaps of greatest prominence in this
field is the general viral gcnomc concept. This postulates that a C-type
RNA viral genome exists in all mammalian cclls but remains "switched
off" until, for some rcason or reasons still largcly unknown, it becomes
activated or "derepressed" and triggers the development of cancer in forms
dctermined by genetic programming of the strain or species.
Deoelopmenl of a Tesl System
A Council-sponsored study has been aimed at development of super-
sensitive, virus-primcd tissue-culture test systems for measuring the relative
potentials of various clxmiuls, in collaboration with the virus, to produce
"malignant transformation" of cells. For example, rat embryo cells infected
with Rauschcr leukemia virus have been trtated with various doses of
7/12-Dimcthylbcnz(a)-anthraccnc (DMBA). Morphologic transforma-
tions indicative of neoplasia were san. On the other hand, there was no
transformation in uninfocted rat embryo cells similarly treated or in infected
cells rot treated with tho DMBA. When transplanted into newborn rats, the
transformed cells produced subcutaneous sarcomas, but no turnors resulted
from like treatment with the infected or DMBA-treatcd, untransformed
Cells.
The work showed that itt this rtsodd, at leasi, both chemical and vinu
wert necessary fa cdi tramdotmition. According to the investigator, the
findings suggest that tbe C-type RNA viral Dcaome of the Rauschcr lcu-
kemia virus provided specific oacoSene information for the malignant
transformation.
I
It must tx rccogniud that this model doea not duplicate real life
situations. Rather it exaggerates certain factors and eliminatcs others for the
sakc of supcrscnsitivity. The effects of chemiuls on cell transformation arc
greatly enhanced by priming with virus, while the protective effects of the in-
tact animal's immunity system are eliminated. Hence the model can be ex-
pectcd to show positive effects by chemical agents which, on the basis of earlicr
in vivo test systems, have been considered totally inactive as "carcinogens."
Such indications from the new supersensitive systems therefore do not
simply or automatically imply that such substances are either "dangerous"
or "safe." The model is only one new tool that provides comparative ex-
perimental values on a single scale. From many such evaluations a relative
"activity scale" or set of scales may develop that will permit more direct
and morc ncarly quantitative comparisons of very fcebly active compounds
and mixtures with those of high activity. Any attempt to extrapolate the
findings from such a model to real life situations, especially the human,
will require even greater care and discretion than heretofore.
A hopeful potential for the model lies in the ultimate possibility of
including human tissue cultures in the system for comparison and contrast
with those from other species, under defined, controllcd and closely anal-
agous conditions. A rnorc distant goal is development of a method (or
assessing the relative degrees of cancer suseeptibility in human patients.
Another virus-relatcd study of The Council, completed during the
year, sought to determine whether a relationship could exist between the
occurence of cancers in humans and the presence of cancer virus in house-
hold animals such as cats and dogs. The work concluded that no such
relationship exists. 'ihe scientist who carried out the study reported that
whilc C-typc viruses in an active state have been found in the domcstic cat,
thcrc is no evidence that they spread to dogs or to man or even from cat to
cat. It appean, under natural conditions, that feline C-type viruses are
inherited as indigenous latent genes which may activate in the fetus or later
in life. Thc investigator cautioned that susceptibility of certain human cells
to in vitro infection with these C-type viruses does not imply infection in
the living organism.
The samc scientist, reporting on another facet of the study, disclosed
indications that fclinc sarcoma virus can transform human osteosarcoma
cells. 71tis example of cell trarnfoematlon by a non-host virus seems of
cornidcrable signifkaaoe in rirtsoprear >F F Ilk :
Findings aainod by..tfilr hiratlStlot yj Ilk 6nndl-supportcd project
were applied to later nactrch, lunded by the Nulonal Cancer Institute,
in which human cancer cells were Injoctod into Ifie fctusa of pregnant cats.
Some of the cat fetusrs developed tumors of human cells in which wu,e
~
~
t
n ,-
4....t
6 7
found particlcs similar to the known C-type eancer virus particles of several
animal species. Praent immunological evidence suggests that thcse may be
the long sought human cancer virus particles. If this finding is eonfirmed,
it should grcaUy facilitate testing in man the many implications of the viral
gcnomc concept of cancer etiology that appear to present a rathcr wcll-
intcgratcd picture in several animals. It might also makc possible the addi-
tion of virus-primed human cell cultura to the in vitro test systcm that has
been described.
Ot1ur Virr.s-f.ancer Slruliea
Lymphosarcoma in rabbits, a rare tumor fn that particular animal,
has been the subject of another Council-sponsored project. A researcher
studicd one strain of rabbits among which a number had dcvcloped lympho-
sarcomas. He analyzed the pedigrea of the affected animals and found
that inhcritancc indicated an auto.omal recessive gene conferring susecpti-
bility to lymphosareoma. The findings, the investigator noted, were con-
ceptually compatible both with genetic susceptibility to malignant lymphoma
and with vertical transmission of a virus.
The neoplastic involvement of various organs in the rabbits rescmblcd
in many ways visceral lymphosaroomatosis of cats which has been proved
to be caused by fcline leukemia virus. According to the investigator, his
findings on lymphosarooma and its hereditary basis provide a new and
important model for studics of the pathogenais of neoplasia.
Still othcr studies being supported by 'Iln Council in the virus arca
include: oneogeny and the antiviral action of interferon, effects of respira-
tory and oncogatic viruses In organ cultures of human respiratory tract
tiuuc, and mechanisms of suppression of cellular immunity by carcinogenic
hydrbcarbons.
Srwoke Exposure Devkea
In its search for more realistic bioassay systems, The Council has (or
many years supported studia involving cigarette smoke inhalation by
animals. A major aspect of this undertaking is, of course, the design
and production of a "smoke exposure device" that permits exposure of
cxperimcntal animals to smoke inhalation in a manncr and updcr condi-
tions that resemble human smoking as closely as possible. Previous Annual
Reports ot'Rte Council have outlined.everal strict criteria for the functiop
of such devices and these have subsequently been extended.
The Council has developed a machine which has been undergoing
tests in actual projects. While !t has already demonstrated its value in
several researches, a number of small but important improvements are
being made to refine and define its operational characteristics.
In using such a device, perhaps the most difficult problem is to measure
how much of the particulate phase of the amoke actually reaches the lung
surfaccs of animals that normally breathe through their noses. Such
mcasurements arc being carried out with tagged smokes.
The machine now being usc-tated by several Council grantcts has
provision for inscrtion of a Cambridge filter that tr.rnovcs particulate
material and thus permits comparison of the effects of whole smoke inhala-
tion with those of inhaling the gas-vapor phase alone.
Ilandlina and Standardiaation oJ Anirxeli
It is important to bear in mind that handling animals and confining
them in a smoke exposure device is very stressful to them. Hcnce "machine
controls" that are subjected to the same handling and confinement in a
functioning device, but without actual smoke exposure, must be included
in experiments as well as unhandlod "cage controls." Comparisons of thae
two acts of controls can be expectcd to disclose some of the biological
cffects of these particular stresses. Thcac, at kast, can then be taken into
account in the interpretation of smoke inhalation experiments in which
handling and confinement stresses cannot be sep.rated directly from smoke
effects.
Significant biological effecta of atras, otiginany observed in such
"machinc eontrols," have now become a subject o( invatigation in their
own right as part of The Council's pro=rua.
In connection with artwke inhalation as weA as other kinda of studia,
The Council has sought improvement in the staadardizatbn of anlmah.
Animals used in most Council-suppotted ttacarrh are delivered by oaarcart
section and arc substantialy free from pstbogens. Alro, their virus pro6la
arc determined as fully as pottsible as well as the atatut of the C-type RNA
viral genome expr>~uion. Many eanonc researcbers use inbred strains ol
mice because of the great variety o( strains with known congenital tumor
susceptibilitia. However, because there sometimes arc advantagu in using
hamstcn, which have larEer lungs and greater blood volume, studies have
been started with this species. Some inbred hamsters strains am now
available.
8 9
Exposure oJ Cultures to Sr..okt
In onc smoke study, three types of primary cultures from Sncll micc-
kidney tissue, embryonic lung organ and lung explants-and one established
cell line from Swiss mice were used to asuy the biological cQccts, in virro,
of the gas phase from charcoal-filtered fresh cigarette smokc. Rcpcatcd
exposure to puffs of the smoke did not produce any significant changes in
thc Snell mouse cultures. The exposed Swiss mouse cells showed an cn-
hancemeat of growth, mitotic index, and cellular atypism. No morphological
ccll transformation was observed in any of the exposed cultures. Such in
vitro studies arc mainly useful as aids to the interprctation of whole animal
studies. Being by necessity "unphys'alogical;" they cannot bc extrapolated
easily or directly to normal life conditions.
The researcher who performed this study under a Council grant had
previously reported that Sncll mice, with viral genomc expressed, exposcd
chronically to inhalation of either whole smoke or its gas-vapor phase
(devoid of the particulates or "tars") developed lung adcnomas and
adenocarcinomas of the same kind that they develop spontaneously. None
of the animals developed squamous cell lung tumors. Mice of another
strain, lacking viral gcnomc expression, showed a dramatically lowcr
incidence of adenoma and adenoearcinoma under the same conditions.
In a study of the incidence and appearance of lung tumors and
pneumonitis in mice, a Council-supported scientist immunized mice with
an influenza virus and then exposed them and control mice to sub-Icthal
and highly lethal nebulized clouds of fresh virus. The controls succumbcd
quickly to the lethal cloud of virus and had extensive and persisting
pulmonary changes following exposure to subkthal clouds. The immun-
izcd mice became only mildly ill and survived the lethal clouds, though
large amounts of virus were found in their lungs, which soon returned to
nornial. The researcher noted that immunization, while not preventing
infection, was beneficial to the animals exposod to airborne influenza virus.
It is known that many mouse stnins develop adcnomas in the bron-
chiolo-alveolar regions «gardlcu of what is, or is not, done to them.
Adenomas do not seem to arise in the large bronchi or in the trachcaa of
thcse animals. Is there a difference in susceptibility of these tissucs to
chemical agents? Or is it that these inciting agents, when used cxperi-
mentally, do not reach these different tissues in equal amounts?
In an effort to learn some answers, The Council has supported work
in which fragments of tissue from lungs, large bronchi and trachcas, rc-
spectivcly, of BALB/e/Cb/Se mice were impregnated with methylcho-
lanthrcnc (MC) alone or mixed with tak powder in concentrations of 1:10
i
and 1:100. Thc fragments were then transplantod into the subcutaneous
tat pads of syngencic hosts.
Results indicaicd that the sensitivity of bronchiolo-alvcolsr cpithclia
to MC was higher than that of trachoo-btonchial epithelia. However, the
lattcr were not wholly resistant to the MC since there was almost constant
tumor growth after impregnation with the carcinogen. Thus, there does
appear to be some difference in tissue susceptibility.
A similar experiment with subcutaneous grafting of tracheal, laryngeal,
bronchial and lung tissues, followed by a single intraperitoncal injection of
urcthane, produced adenomas only in the grafted lung tfuue, showing a
tissue specific cffcct of this particular agent and suggesting that the agent
was transportcd by systemic routes to the locus of action.
Other Cancer Studies
In other work related to cancer, The Council is continuing support
of cfiorts to develop "positive" models for the production of squamous
cell lung cancer in animals. Guide lines arc few In this area, but i( sonx
simplc, easily reproducibic method could be devised, it would be very
helpful in many research areas. Il lung cancer of the type reported preva-
lcnt in man could be produced repetitively, at perhaps the 20 perrsat kvel,
in an easily handled animal, it would then be possible to undertake studies
to sce whether many facton-age, sex, horrnoncs, irritants, diet, stress,
infcction, and othcrs - mightin8uence the level and rate of incidence of
thc tumor.
Also being continued is a project in which a concentrated stream of
fresh cigare(tc smoke is being blown directly on the skins of mice of a
strain previously used in a skin-painting test with tobaceo-smoke eon-
dcnsatc.
Among other ongoing projects being supported are: hctcro-trans-
plantation studies with human lung uneer, the pathogenesis of urethane-
induced lung adcnomas in mice, and host factors in lung cancer and other
lung ailments.
Cardiovascular Research
Ensyme Related to .ltherosclerosiu
A study involving an enzyme has turned up findings that may be
significant in regard to atherosclerosis. The Council-supported project used
10 11
scgmcnts of human iliac arterica incubated with human serum. Samples
were hcated to inactivate the enzyme Iccithin-cholcstcrol-acyl-transferaae
(LCAT). It was found that when LCAT enzyme was present in the
ineubation medium, virtually only free cholesterol left the arterial wall.
However, whcn LCAT enzyme was absent, only cholesterol ester lcft the
wall.
The results suggest that a decrcase in setvm free cholcstcrol, caused
by a serum cholesterol csterifying enzymc, possibly LCAT, might bc
important in promoting the removal of free cholcstcrol from the artcrial
wall. According to the investigators who performed the work, thc results
arc consistent with findings that there is a tendency for LCAT activity in
the serum to be higher in persons with hypercholcstcrolcmia greater than
300 mg/l0l) ml, which may reflect a mechanism for protecting the arterial
wall from excessive frce cholcsterol.
The scientists said their findings may be particularly important
because they have found that cholcsterol estcrification is significantly
impaired in persons with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary
artery disease when compared with age-matched controls. Thus, they said,
a deficiency of cholesterol esterifying enryme, possibly LCAT, may be
important in the etiology or rate of development of atherosclerosis.
Coronary Mi:crocirculation
Continuing his work on total and nutritional coronary flow, another
grantee has reported a new technique for determining the velocity of red
cells in the capillarics. He has described capillary blood flow as that por-
tion of the total coronary flow involved in the nutritional function of heart
muscle, while total coronary flow represents all the blood entering the
heart circulation.
. To measure the velocity of capillary red cells, the investigator dcvel-
opcd a method showing the framc-to-frame progrcas of individual red cclls
in moving pictures of the capillaries. The technique also permits measurc-
ment of the diameter of eapillaria as it changes from framc to frame.
Data from one part of the project indicated that norcpincphrine re-
sulted in opening of capillaries, that nitroglycerine slowed the flow in the
capillaries, and that methachoilne resulted in the complete arrest and even
retrograde flow. While intcrpretation of these findings will depend on con-
tinuing study, the researcher believes the work will provide new information
about the coronary microculatlon.
Another aspect of the sttady was a further elaboration of previously
reported findings on the measurematt of total and nutritional coronary
flow by means of a coincidence counting system using rubidium-84. Working C"
with this system, the grantee found that norepineprine caused a dispropor- tT
tionatcly greater increase in total as compared with efiective flow, and the lf:
same result also occurrcd with nicotine. Isoprotercnol, on the other hand,
led to a proportionate increase in both nutritional and effective coronary
flows.
In another Council-supported study, mongrel dogs were exposed to
cigarette smoke inhalation and also to injection of various pharmacologic
agents. A reduction in aortic blood pressure during smoking by the anes-
thctizcd animals was seen. This was attributed in part to the effcets of
nicotine on the central nervous system and in part to vasodilation caused
by the action of released catccholamincs on certain receptors in the peri-
phcral vascular system.
Kinina and 1nflammatory Reactions
Another investigator has been studying kinins, polypcptidcs that are
involved in inflammatory reactions. There is evidence of vascular permea-
bility occurring independently of known mediation systems, and the kinin-
forming system is being investigated as a possible humoral mechanism in
the induction of vascular injury.
Physical properties of the components of the kinin-forming system fn
rabbits arc being studied. The characteristics of human components are
comparable. It is hoped that this work will indicate the substance or sub-
stances that may affect inflammatory reactions in the lung, particularly in
hypersensitivity states.
Framin6ham Ileart Study
The Council has made a grant related to the Framingham Heart
Study, effective July l, 1971. This study was to have been ended for lack
of federal funding, but its long-time director and several associates sought
and obtaincd outsidc support to keep it going. The Council's grant is for
an investigation of smoking elassca, risk faetors and cardiovascular disease
in thc population being followed by the project.
Other studies being supported include: nicotine and various aspects
of cardiovascular function, carboxyhcmoglobin and cardio-respiratory
function, smoking and air pollution in human myocardial metabolism, in-
flucnce of smoking and nicotine on lower limb circulation, sensitivity of
vascular tissue to nicotine, and the effect of smoking on regional cerebral
blood flow in smokers and nonsmokers.
'
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Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A significant finding in regard to hyalinc membrane discasc (I1MD)
has come from a Council-supported project that encompassed the analysis
of 387 autopsies on newborn and stilaborn infants. It was found that the
adrenal glands were 19 percent lighter in infants with HMD than in those
free of the disease. Those without the disease had a grcatcr number of
adrenal cortical cells. Also, a positive eorrrlation was found betwecn the
presence of infeetion arising before birth and the absence of HMD.
In connection with surfactant, which appears to play an ilnportant
role in this disease, it is interesting that anencephalic neonates who had
little or no adrenal fetat cortical zones and half-sized adult zones, were
found to have only 45 percent the mass of onmiophilic granules in pul-
monary type 11 alveolar cells found in non-ancnccphalic control infants.
These granules reportedly arc the anatomic representation of surfactant.
The investigators who conducted the study noted that the corticosteroid
mechanism "oficrs the attractive possibility of relatively simple prophylaxis
against hyalinc membrane disease in certain high risk gestations." But, they
caution, "This temptation to treat should be strongly resisted until the
mechanisms in question have been explored in the good experimental
modcls of hyalinc membrane disease now available. The need for such.
caution is also supported by the observation that the doses of cortico-
steroids and ACTH used to increase surfactant levels in the lungs of fetal
lambs have induced toxic changes in other organs."
.! ppqlaclsian Coal Minera
A quantitative morphologic study was undcrtaken of lung and hcart
structurc in 322 Appalachian miners who were classified by age, duration
ot mining exposure, rank of coal mined and smoking habits. Right vcntric-
ular hypcrtrophy as evidcnce of cor pulanonale was common aftcr age 50.
The volume of macular dust lesions, induding associated silica crystals,
fibrosis and focal emphysema, increased with age but these dust lesions were
not deemed to be solely rrsponsible for dyspnca since mincrs with dyspnca
also had a generalized form of emphysema. Smoking was associated with a
modest increase in broochitis and emphysema in bituminous mincrs but
showed little or no rrlation to the extent of such lung conditions in anthra-
cite workers, and nonsmoking tninus also developed these disorders.
,
Above-ground air pollution may play a role since the wives of some bi-
tuminous miners seem to be nearly as much affected as their husbands by
cough, phlcgm, wheezing and breathlessness. The association of pncu-
moconiosis with coal rank was found to be fortuitous.
Microcirculation of the Human Lun6
During the year a Council grantee published a report dcscribing the
blood and lymphatic microcirculation of thc human lung that provides a
clear, concise summation of major findings in this particular field. The
investigator, long involved in lung research, gave the results of corrclatod
macroscopic and microscopic studics of the lungs of humans, beagle dogs
and mongrcl dogs. The report was primarily concerned with angio-archi-
tectural relationships between the bronchial and pulmonary vascular sys-
tcros, and the author noted that the relationships arc distinct in each. The
bronchial arteries arc directly connected to each other, establishing a
"parallel" vascular supply. The bronchial veins also form the peribronchial
vcnous plexus. Howcver, the pulmonary eireulation, the pulmonary arteria
and veins form terminal, intralobular branches. The bronchial and
pulmonary artcries also communicate in the bronchioles through a common
capillary network.
The grantee reported he has been unable to observe broncho-pul-
monary artcrioarterial or artcriovenous anastomoses in entirely normal
adult lungs of beagles, but said they seem to be normally present in the
lung of the human fetus and infant. He said they probably vanish in child-
hood but reappear in the adult lung with the onset of even minimal pul-
monary inflammatory rcactions or procaacs.
The acicntist also published anotber report in which he described oells
with the ultrastructural characteristics of neurosectetory cells in the lung
lobuics of prematurely born infants. He had previously suggested tlhe
existence of these cells on the basis of light and Auotrsocnce microscopy
and noted that analogous cella had bcen reported by others. He said the
possibility exists that thex cells may be involved in the regulation ot
lobular growth and in modulation oi normal periaatal cardiopulmonary
adaptation, and that they may play a role in respiratory d'utress syndrome.
Pul monary .!l eeolar Macroplsaaea
What is thc origin of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages? There has
been considerable controversy as to the cellular precursors of ttxse cells,
which comprise a major defense mechanism of the lung. A Council-sup-
I
14 15
ported study has elicited evideoce to indicate that at lcast some of the
macrophaga originate from bone marrow. The study used gcnetically
related mice and substrains to invcstigate the possibility that macrophagcs
originate in marrow atcm cclls.
Succcss of the expcrirnent rested on the fact that the gcnctically rc-
lated mice carry a nonspecific, readily identiftable prc-albumin cstcrasc
marker. Lethal x-irradiation and injections of bone marrow from the mice
1ed to findings confirming that at least some macrophagcs originate in bone
marrow. This particular work was part of a project that is moving into the
biochemistry of macrophagcs.
Another Council grant.te provided a descriptive report of the appear-
ance under the electron microscope of alveolar macrophages obtained by
endobronchial lavagc from smokers and nonsmokers.
He said that in general maaophages from smokers contained larger
and more heteroEcrxously structured inclusions than those from non-
smokers. Howcvcr, there was considerable variation in the number, sizc,
and hctcrogcnicity of inclusions within individual macrophagcs from
smokers, suggesting that various staga of phagocytosis were represented
in lavage samples. Further, the researcher said, some substanccs that arc
phagocytizcd but not digested probably accumulated in thc larger cetero-
gcncous inclusions of smokers.
Other studies of lung macrophaga have shown that a greater number
arc recovered by lavagc from smokers than from nonsmokers, and that the
macrophagcs from smokers show unimpaired phagocytizing capacity in
vitro.
Neurophysiology,
Psychophysiology,
and Pharmacology
Nicotine and Memory Consolidation
For several years The Coundl has been supporting research into the
cftcets and action of niootine on memory consolidation. One researcher has
found that rats put through a training regime (maze solving and lever
pressing) karn at a measurable rate. Howcvrr, if the animals are given an
~
~
elcctric shock' after a training session, they tend to "unlearn" everything ~
thcy had previously acquired. Apparently the shock caused an amnesiac
condition and prcvcntcd consolidation of the learning process.
Whcn the animals were treated with nicotine prior to a training
scssion, it was found that the subsequent electric shock did not affect
mcniory consolidation; the animals largely retained what they had lcarned,
apparcntly because the nicotine blocked any efiect of the shock. The time
of nicotine treatment was important in this experimental procedure, the
effect being maximal some time after administration. Cotinine, a nicotine
mctabolite, also was effective immediately, which suggcsts that the lattcr
substance may be the active agent. Other parts of the project included
tcsting the rolc of the scrotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan; age difier-
cnccs of the animals; differential housing; reduced brain amine levels; and
aminc changes at the cellular level.
In work in a related area, a Council-supported researcher found that
chronic treatment with nicotine induced an increased turnover rate and
utilization of noradrcnalinc in thc brains of rats. Pretreatment with nicotine
did not affcct ttic action of sedative, antidepressant and central stimulant
drugs in the animals' brains. In short, the chronic administration of nicotine
appeared to stimulate the brains of the rats, making the animals function
more effectively.
Sex /lorrrsonea and Emphysema
A potentially significant report during the year came from a Council
grantcc who has been working on the experimental induction of emphysema
in rats. He has sought to determine whether such induced disease would
lead to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale as in man. It was
found that daily injections of progeatcrone (the female sex hormone) and
mcdroxyprogcstcrone (in a dose 1/50th that of progcsteronc) prevented
experimental induction of emphysema in the rats by a method that other-
wisc was successful.
Another grantee, treating rats daily with nlcotine injections, found an
elevation in urinary excretion of eatecholamina that peaked after three
days. After seven days of continuous trutment, there was a marked fall-off
in the urinary levels, and by 14 days the catecholaminc excretion was
essentially normal. This suggests a physiobgieal accommodation or adjust-
mcnt over a period of time to chronic administntion of nicotine.
The scientist explored three possible mcchanisms that might be rapon-
siblc for the return to normal of the elevatcd urinary catechulamincs. He
concluded that tolerance to the nicotine-induced elevations of urinary
16 17
