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ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE: WHY IS IT A PROBLEM? ISSIES TO BE ADDRESSED: 0 i. POLITICAL: 2, SOCIAL - GUIDELINES - LEGISLATIONS - HEALTH CONCERNS - INDOOR AIR QUALITY 3, TECHNICAL: - NATURE OF ETS - ASSESSING EXPOSURE-DOSE-RESPONSE f / G;~000;~353

# STUDIES 13 2 18 20 5 10 6 0 1 1 1 1 ~,) COMPARISON OF EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED LEVELS OF ETS CONSTITUENTS AND ACCEPTABLE EXPOSURE LIMITS* EXPERIMENTAL CONSTITUENT RANGE NICOTINE ~IOSH EXPERIMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE: < 0,01-0.065 N,G, 0.5 & 1,01 CO 2 - 46 40 RSP 1.76-83.13 10 NO < 1 - 0,5 30 ACROLEIN 0,02-0,19 0,23 ACETONE 0.32-5.88 800 BENZENE 0.2-0.32 32 BENZO(A)PYRENE 2,8 - 76D 4,0-9.3** PYRENE 4.1 - 9,4 0,1-1.7"" VOLATILE 7.4 -11.5 19 "* PHENOLS EXCERPTS FROM: ASSESSING HEALTH EFFECTS, (U.S,) 1986. ALL UNITS IN MG/M3 N,G,: NOT GIVEN GUIDELINES OSHA ACGIH EUROPEAN 0,5 0,5 N,G, 57 57 57 15 10 10 30 30 N.G, 10 1 10 32 32 32 MEASURING EXPOSURES AND NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL UNITS ARE NG/M3, NO GUIDELINESj OUTDOORS AS CONTROLS, G2000~354

LIMITATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE GUIDELINES WITH RESPECT TO ETS , ACCEPTABLE LIMITS APPLY TO INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS NOT A COMPLEX MIXTURE, SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ARE UNKNOWN, O 1 . LIMITS ARE INTERPRETED AS TLV, TWA, STEL, ETC, I,E, LIMITEDEXPOSURE, ETS EXPOSURE MAY BE CHRONIC, RAHIFICATIONS ARE UNCLEAR, LIMITS APPLY TO NORMAL, HEALTHY POPU~TIONS NOT TO POPULATIONS AT RISK, , . . THERE ARE CONSTITUENTS OF ETS FOR WHICH THERE ARE NO GUIDELINES, ETS MY UNDERGO SECONDARY REACTIONS GENERATING POSSIBLY MORE HAZARDOUS COMPOUNDS, TOXICITY OF SOME CONSTITUENTS (# 4) AND SECONDARY PRODUCTS IS UNKNOWN, LZ .... : ......... 62000~355

SOME ETS CONSTITUENTS FOR WHICH NO GUIDELINES EXIST 0 CARBONYL SULFIDE 3 METHYL PYRIDINE 3 VINYL PYRIDINE ANATABINE BENZ(A)ANTH~CENE BENZ(A)PYRENE QUINOLINE HARMAN N-NITROSONO~NICOTINE NNK N-NITROSODIETHANOLAMINE ZINC POLONIUM 210 G~OOO,~35G

.-) IMPLICATIONS 0 i, STIFFER GUIDELINES 2, NO SMOKING POLICIES 3. REGULATED MONITORING G~O00~.3~

SOCIAL ISSUE • HEALTH CONCERNS PRIMARY PROBLEM ELIMINATION / MINIMIZATION OF RISKS 9 • INDOOR AIR QUALITY - SECONDARY PROBLEM SIGNAL OF ETS 6;~000~35S

BASIS FOR HEALTH CONCERNS STUDY TYPE AILMENT INVESTIGATED 0 CHILDHOOD POPULATIONS AT RISK EXTRAPOLATION FROM SMOKERS SPOUSAL LUNG FUNCTION LUNG FUNCTION LUNG FUNCTION, LUNG OTHER CANCERS LUNG CANCER CANCER, ._7

EXTRAPOLATION FROM ACTIVE S~KERS O ASSUME 10~-./MIN, INHALATION RATE I0~ DEPOSITION RATE IN LUNGS 8 HR, CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE (2 CIGTS,/HR,) DOSE TO PASSIVE SMOKER: 0,1 - i CIGT,/8 HR, PERIOD, 620002360

REASONS FOR ACCEPTING WORST CASE SCENARIO i, ETS IS CHEMICALLY DIFFERENT FROM MS SMOKE, © 2, ETS EXPOSURE IS CHRONIC, THE SHAPE OF THE BIOLOGICAL DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE UNKNOWN. IS ,/ G~OOO23G1

SUM~RY OF CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM STUDIES REVIEWED CHILDHOOD STUDIES i, RATIOS FOR INCREASED PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS: 1,2 - 1,8, THEREFORE ETS EXPOSURE CAUSES RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN SOME CHILDREN, O , DECREASES IN LUNG FUNCTION DUE TO ETS: U TO 0,5~ PER YEAR, THIS EFFECT IS NOT CLINICALLY IMPORTANT BUT MAY: - REFLECT PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS - BE A FACTOR IN LATER DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION, , DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS EXIST BETWEEN LOW BIRTHWEIGHT CHILDREN AND: - PREGNANT WOMEN WITH DAILY ETS EXPOSURE, - NUMBER OF CIGARETTES SMOKED BY FATHER, q, HOUSEHOLD ETS EXPOSURE IS LINKED TO RETARDED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND CHRONIC EAR INFECTIONS, T