Tobacco Documents Online

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F Table of Content~ Summary I. Introduction II. Establishing the Institute III. The Research Program IV. Priorities and Programs for the First Three Years Appendices Implementation B. Budget C. Key Personnel Schedule i I 16 25 35 A-I 8-I C-I .~ i~.~:¸ 0 j.i .i 0

<. F ¥ r SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL Of the many self destructive behaviors that threaten American children, cigarette smoking has the greatest impact on their llfe expectancy. Over half of the mere than three million teenage smoksr~ in the U,S. today will begln their adult lives addicted to ¢Igarsttes and will be faced with excessive risks of lung and other cancers, heart disease, emphysema end s variety of ether life threatening and debilitating diseases, Recent ~esearch has shown that, in addition to causing these long latency diseases, smoking can harm the very young smokem and that smoking during pregnancy can harm the fetus and the newborn. Research has also shown that children of smoking dements are twice as likely t@ smoke as childTen ~f nonsmoking Dements sn~ that teenage smoking is the most significant determinant of lifetime addiction to cigarettes. Smoking car clearly De seen as a lifelong liability. Since the release of the first Surgeon @eneral's reoorl in 196A, there has been a dramatic decline in the percentage of adults who smoke. Smoking among teenagers has also declined in recent years after • surge in the early 1970's. However. 94 million Americans over the age of 18 still smoke sno 340,000 smokers will die prematurely this year. ~.w The reasons for the dramatic changes in smoking in America a~e not clear, n@c are the reasons why SO many millions of young people still take up smoking knowing of tne ~isks i ~r they face. ~

answers to these questions are essential to the formulation of policies and programs to help prevent adolescents from starting to smoke and encourage smokers to stop. Unfortunately, our knowledge of smoking behavior is too limited to give the answers needed to design new and better prevention programs. This lack of knowledge about smoking behavior can be attributed to three factors: the low priority assigned to behavioral research on smoking until recently; the lag between biomedical science and the sciences dealing with behavlor; and a lack of direction, coorqlnation and leadership in addressing smoking behavior research. To capitalize on improvements in the status of the first two factors and to help correct the third, the John F. Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University is establishing an Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy. This new research resource will have as its primary goal the development of new knowledge about smoking behavior and the j~ translation of that knowledge into pollcles and programs for smoking prevention. Within tnls goal, the Institute will conduct research on smoking behavior, stimulate others to conduct research, and provide lnformatlon and coordination services to other researchers and research institutions. The Institute's highest priority in carrying out these functions will be conducting and fostering research that contributes to the prevention of smoking by children and adolescents. The Institute will be s permanent and integral part of Harvard University and will = , draw on the many resources available ii

@ ,, fzom within that community. Derek Bok, President of the University, Graham Afllson, Dean of the Kennedy School of Government and Julius B. Richmond, M.D., Director of the University's Division of Health Policy Research and Education are lending their full support to this endeavor. The University will assist in the identification of long term funding support and the Kennedy School end the Division have already committed over $30,000 to planning and development. This proposal requests a total of $658,000 from the Carnegie COEporatlon over three years to help the Institute become operational and to launch its basic research efforts. This represents approximately one half of the $1.35 million being sought for programs and projects in this three year development phase, The funds sought f~om the Carnegie Corporation ~iiI support: o The creation of a Research Advisory Committee to assist the Institute in defining the most promising areas of research on smoking behavior among chlldren and adolescents. The Committee will meet twice a year during the three year development phase; o The inltlatiom of an ongoing process to assess research on smoking behavior and policy; an analytical framework that will form the basis for better information and coordination of research on smoking by young Deople; J ..... iii , ........

+ ~ o The production of position @aper5 discussing the st@re Of research on $moklng behavior with partlcular emphBsls on children and adolescents; o The Identlficatlon of key data sources capable of provldlng new or more complete knowledge about @dolescent smoking behavior; o The ldentificatlon and ~ataloguln9 of ongoing research on smoking behavior; o The c~e~tion of more permanent lln~$ Of communication and ~nfo~m~tlon exchange between ~esea~chers @no inst~tutlon~ conducting research on aaolescen~ smoking behBvior; o The examination of method@logicBl probl~ms ~na~ may be h~nderlng the success of research proposals deallng with smoking among young people. o The identlficatlon and catal~gulng of information on fundlng sources for reseazch on adolescent smoking behavior~ o The development of new channels for the ~issemlnatlor of r~se~rch ~esults and I$$u~$; 0 The creation of central resource capable of assisting t~ose interested in or engageo in smoking behavior research in developlng research Ideas and projects; iv

e The identification end recruitment of new researchers 1rite research on smoking behavior; o The ¢reatlon of a framework for a more efficient and effective national and international effort to generate the knowledge necessary to prevent end control cigarette smoking. k

INTRODUCTION I

INTROOU~TI~N Every child born in America today will be raised in a society in which he or she will face powerful environmental inducements to take up self destructive behaviors. Among all of these behaviors, cigarette smoking has the greatest impact on llfe expectancy, an impact directly related to the age at which a person first takes up the habit and the number of cigarettes smoked. This Is especially significant in light of the fact that In 1979, an estimated 100,000 12 year old children were regular cigarette smokers. Over }.5 million teenagers in the United States today are regular smokers. Of thls number, over half will begin their young adult lives addicted to cigarette smoking and by the time these young smokers reach age 24, over a third of them wlll have tried seriously to quit smoking three or more times. Smoking is an addiction of the most pernicious sort. First, it will lead over time to poorer health and earlier death, and In the short term, damage to the young smoker. Second, smoking addlction represents a severe loss of control, a debilitating obsession with a behavior that is no longer unlversally sccepteP or deemed attractive by the majority of Americans. Unfortunately, despite a marked decline in the social acceptability of smoking, the inducements to take up the habit remain strong. Among the strongest Is smoking by parents and peers. These and other powerful pressures put young people at great lisk of beginning whet must be considered a lifelong liability. t~