Bliley TI
[Testimony of C. Whitley for Kennedy Bill Hearing(S. 1088)] [redacted Material Reflects Legal Advice of Burleigh Leonard.]
Abstract
Statement of C. Whitley before Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs. Argues that the Tobacco Product Education and Health Protection Act of 1991 (S. 1088) should be rejected. Asserts that bill circumvents state legislative authority, prescribes warning labels that are designed to frighten rather than inform, duplicates existing programs and law. Adds provisions allowing further state and local regulation would "Balkanize" regulation of a nationally marketed product. Asserts state tort claims allowed under bill would challenge Congressionally mandated warning labels. Contains handwritten corrections.
Fields
- Notes
(indexer.indexer_email WAS INVALID IN OLD DATABASE: CPM)
- Company
- TI
- Named Organization
- Advocacy Institute
- American Civil Liberties Union
- California State Board of Education
- Center for Disease Control
- Center on Tobacco and Health
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Duke University School of Law
- Federal Trade Commission
- Food and Drug Administration
- Maine Grocers' Association
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National School Boards Association
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Office of Regulatory Affairs
- Office on Smoking and Health
- Tobacco Institute
- Toxic Substances Board of New Zealand
- University of Helsinki
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research
- Keyword
- Legal Issues
- Type
- STATEMENT/TESTIMONY
- Author
- Whitley, C. O.
- Named Person
- Waxman (Rep.)
- Bell, G.
- Blau, T. (Dr.)
- Chabot, J.J. (Justice)
- Joyce, J.
- Kennedy (Sen.)
- Kennedy, A. (Justice)
- Pertschuk, M.
- Raffie, S. (Dr.)
- Satterfield, D.
- Sullivan, L.W.
- Sullum, J.
- Van Alstyne, W. (Prof.)
- Washington, G.
- Recipient
- Senate Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs
Document Images
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365539
would ~o~ ~he Federal guvemmem $110 mill/on a year.
w~ Fe~ p~ or ~ ~d ~ ~
a~~ ~ r~me~ ~m~ ~
~::?~".. . .
CONFIDENTIAL: _.
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365540,
comprehendv¢ mcthocb and prolr~mz to stop axial prevent tobacco use."~
Stale health depaxioi~ wig use the funds to "focus on incr~ pub~
education about tobacco and health ~aues and adop~ pz~mte and public
polldm that w/li reiziforce nommok/nll ihxoulhoui the country."~
out "throulli ibe ma~ rood/a, wortdtei, schools, bealihcare lac/~¢~ ~
commzm/iy orlilizalio~"" Li~ ih© prolzaim autholied I~,$. 1088, ilze
~ r~
........ , ,,~ .:.-~ ~ d~momu'at~ legislation is nol: nee~ to
CONFIDENTIAL:
SOTA TOBACCO ,mGATION TI31N 365541
•
-4-
S. 10SS is pa~ict~lafly ironic in ~ of the ~ efforts
midermken by our indusUy m keep tobacco produm ou~ of ~ hands of
youn~ people and to discoura~ youth smokin~
present, I am here m tell you th~ ¢~e tobacco indusUy opposes yomh
smoldn~. We do not warn underage ~ ~ m" ~ ore" products.
Smokin~ is an adult decision. We have a long hism~, of eJfo~ co
¢omidembly.
In December 1990, our/ndmuy remounted a serk~ of major
new initiatives m curb youth smokin~ and addm~ ~ek~ con, zms about
* A national "It's t~ Law" program m
.~ heJp retailers observe and en~a~
,, ,, ~ ~, mln~un alt~ hw or on~ ~ than
~-~i.~ ,. ::.' ,.:.. ,. ~
/ .~# CONFIDENTIAL: TIMN 365542
TOnACCO .rrtC ATtON
Our'I~'s ~he I.a~ in~rmn ~s ~ ~n eve~ stme havi~g
18 or 19 as ~he m/ninnun sales asc. We ah, eady have d~r~uted over one
mm~n pmgrammmzrials m ~homands ofremile~ ~llsou~the munuy,
esmb~hing a m~mun sa~ age of 18 in Louisimu,, W~ North
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365543
access to c~areue vend/~ ~ Some of ~hese la~s require ~r-
~ ~ ~ ~~m~a~~p~ It~~~~~~s
CONFIDENTIAL:
~SOTA TOBACCO LmGATION TIMN 365544
---
III II I I
and Hbony. I~ is availabI~ free of cl~,~ by writing or calling an 800
number.
S. I(MS SHOULD BE ~
L~ me summarize our pr/ncipai oby.ctions m S. 1~ ~
p~ m a ~ d~ ~ of ~ b~
~ .~-~ ~ ~ a~c ~ ~ c~ ~ of ~~ A m~~ ~ m~
T~ 365546
such prog~m~ aggress/~ely on their own. The fedm-al ASSIST
launched earlier th~ month by Secmtav/Sullivan also would specifica~
* Additives and C~nlt]l~. S. 1088 would direct the
Secretary of Health and Human Seavk~s to regulate tobacco addRiv~
hss s~ted that tobacco product ~ a~ a ~p~rip~
sa~ ~ the Federal Trad~
Aadita~ W~u~it~ S. 10~ wtmld mqu~ an
"addi~km~ ~_ "n~ on ~i~agem ~ and in ~ adve~l~ah~
" Toba, xo Education and Control Act: Hearines on S. 1883 before
the Senate Comm. on I.~bor and Htmmn Re~ourcet ~01~t Cong., 2d ~
35 (~o).
CONFIDENTIAL:
~SOTA TOBACCO LrrIGA~ION TIMN 365547 ............
even though almost on~ of ~ery two smok~ Im quit, ~ ~ ~m
~t a~ on ~~ ~~ ~m ~e ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ck
......
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNF_.~OTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365548
thereby/nviting censonhip in v/ola~ion of the I~t Amendment mui abon-
don/rig to that excem Con~,em~s com~stent 2$-year poEcy of natimmlly
* Tort Claims. S. 1088 would allow sm~ tort claims
denyi~ me adeqmcy of ~ ~ea~ ~ mnda~-d by Con~ms m be
judgment for ~t of Consress and Balkan~nS the resula~/~ of the
~be~/nS and advenis~ of a na~onn~ -,-,k~ed pnxlm.
~ 3(a) of S. 1088 would add a new Title XXVII to the
Public Health ~ ,Act, "Tobacco Health a~d ~ ~"
Se¢, 2701 of the new ~itle would direct the Sectem~ of Hea~ and
Human ~ to establith a Center on Tobacm and ~ within the
C~t~s ~or I~ Co~u'ol, Th© Labor Cmnmittee lure stated that the
Center should be created out of the exizti~ ~ ¢m SmoMn8 and
Health. S. Rep. No. 112, 102d Cong., Ist Sees. 33 (1991). The b'31 would
au.~ri~ tl~ Cemer at a ~ of ~ r~'~i~ f~ tl~ ~ ~ - ~v~n
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365549
The Center would be authorized to dbtn'bute an add/t/onal
$50 m~]~on in grant~ to public or private entttie~ to ~ anti-smoking
media ~tmpa/gn~ Se~. 2702(2), 2711. TheCem~al.~wouldbere,~on-
s~ie for provid/~ informa~on to ~m makers, broadcmt media managers,
and others "regard/n~ the role of the media in promoting tobacco me
behavior? See.. 2702(3).
identify Georse Wa.q~inston or kn~w when our Nation declared
• See TobaCCo Control and Marietta_ Hearhm before the :._-_
S~__hcomm- on H_~it_b and the P:nvironme__nt of t_he House Comm- on I
]~ne _r~v and Commerce. I01st C.on~, 2d Sess. 583 (1990) (stalemem of
Gera~ ~L Goldhaber, ~ ~eparment of ~ State :
Univer~ of ~ew Yo~k (eue~a):~
" Ibid.
CONFIDENTIAL: ..............
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION ~ 365550
Young people, especJatly, are aware of th~ rfsks aUn'buted
m smoking. As the Surgeon General l~s stated, "[b{y ~ time they reach
seventh grade., thc vas~ major~ of chilckcn bclievc smoking is dangerous
to one's health.''° Of 895 children and adolescents questioned in one
recen~ survey, over 98 percent said they believed smoking is harmful and
"accura, ely named one or more body pare ,Jma~ are adversely e~ec~d by
smok/ng."~ Young people star~ to smola~ not because they are unaware
As has been demonstrated repeatedly, the dominant tmquenccs on smoking
~' Smokina and Health: A Re~xn't of the Suraeon GeneraL p.
17-10 (1979). -
" Leventhal, et~., "Is the Smoking ~ an 'Informed
JAMA. voL 257, pp. 3373-76 .
's See. fag,, Smnlaaa Proration .ace Hcarinas on HjL 1824 before
t~hm SU _bc~mm~ oil Hesdtk and the l:.nvironment o~" th_~ HO~t~t~_- Comm. on
Enerav and Commerce. 98th Cong., 1st Sess. 53 (1983) (statement
and H~-~- ll~velopmen0 (~'I'ne mos~ forceh,l c~-~'mh~um of smoking
[by youns people] are parenu, peen, and o~r sa~n~'~; Am~ Woki,
National Survey,~ Health Promotion. voL I, no. 1, pp. 17, 21 (May 1986)
CWhen young people start smoking, the most/mportant pred/cmr is the
smoking behaviotw and smoking-related activities of'sisnificant othm'.");
Isohanni, Mon~ncn & Rentakalio, "Determina~ of Teenase Smokin~
wi~ Slv.cia{ R~-r~m~:e m Non-Sun.lard F~,,-,~ ~4rm~{,"
Addict. (86) 391-398 (i99i).
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
When the anti-tobacco lobby compla/m that governmen~
spends "too little" on d~seminating the ant/-smoking message, i¢ convert-
iently overlooks the value of the free media that anti-smoking me~ages
wh/ch apply to most runn/n$ stor/c~ coverage ~ smok~ has en~yed an
er~aord~/run in the media."~ The ant/smoking mcssag~ moreover,
is taught to our nation's children at every level in sclmok A 1988 survey
that 75 percent had ant/-~rnok/n~ program~ at the elementary ~ooI level,
level ~'
'~ Me..dia Strateeies for Smokimz Control - Guideline. p. 9 (Jan. 14-
¢/garettes a day~ a great ~ of harm. S. Rep. No. I1Z ~ at
& The ~mrce of this statistic is a NIDA ~u'vey in whir.h h~,m school
alcohol and hard drup. Far from showin8 that ,-,~-y hish school senion
of marijuana, LSD, cocaine, crack and heroin. See National Inst/tut~ on
Drug Abt~., Dru~ Use. Dr~_'_n_!dn~. ~nd S_mo_kinw. National Survey Results
from I-Iifh SchooL Coil _e~e and Y-oun~ Adult Pcmelatiom 1975-1988. p. 129
(1989). The fiu:t that one-~ird did not pla~e ~ in the ~me cate-
ap~te the seriousness of the esserted danSe~s of smokin~
CONFIDENTIAL:
M SOTA TOBACCO Lrr GA r[oN TIMN 365552
It would seem profligate, in the face of the federal budget
deficit, for Congress to authorize aa additional $$0 roll!ion to promote a
message that Americans young and old alike already understand and
media and by the states through the school system.
The Labor Committee referred in im report: aa:ompanyins
S. 1088 to California's highly publicized anti-smoking media campaign.
S. Rep. No. 112, gggi~ at 35. A~ Jacob Stfllmn of Reason nmsazine has
figutm do slmwa 14 percent drop in sales in 1989- the year before the
cigarette salm tax was increased by 2~0 percent - frvm 10 cents to 35
cents a pack.
" Selb,~. "Smoke and ~ on the Ane-Smokin8 Front," ~
.&, AuS. 5, Z991, at AI4, col 3.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION T~ 365553
We are concerned, moreover, that S. I088's provision for
anti-smoking media campaigns might be construed to a~ "attacU
a~ of the kind run by C-~rnia's health department - adverti~.ments
that do not tell people about smoki~ and health but ~ply vilify the
cigaretm ~ The obvious ~im of there ad~ was to make
-
WiRiam Van Al~tyn~ of the Duke Unhmhy School of I.zw hm char~
~ Amendment que~om."'" As he has stated:
• ~ se,-vices meant lo dominam oz" ~ the market-
~ " :- :.~ place of ide~ in the United Suture.
.. . .~. .~
.~:.. : ,. ,::: federal ta~e~ and. direeti~ large scale,
~..:,., ~:; information campaigm at eve~ level of ~overn-
'~ Van Also/he, "A New Fr~ Speech P~lenu Gove~mcn¢
Foundation L~gal ~under).
CONFIDENTIAL:
TOBACCO LrI GA ON TllVIN 365554
pertain conc~rne, d with tim First Amendment
We a/so view with cot~m tim provision of S. 1088 ~g
the Center to provide tram make~ broad~mt media manager, amt other,
with "information * * * regarding tim role of the media in promoting
tobacco me:' Sec. 2701(3). It it not ~ to guett what the Center
would adv~ the media iU "role" should be ~o far a~ totmuxo is concerned.
It i, not appropriate for goverm-ma to tu88mt to attire, writen and
m suSge*t that me pomayaI~ are more polit/mily "eon'e~ than othet~ ~-
anotlmr for government to q~e~n~e what thall be orthodax
pOlitics, natiop~t~m; religion, or other mattert of opinion."" {_
State, to enhan~ their effom te e .nfmce etistin$ State lash
the utle of tobacco produm to minors withia the State." Sec. 270~(3).
Sees. 27L~.2718 would direct the Center to make grimm to States to
"Ia, at 2.
'* W~t Vir~,,~..$~** Bea_~,~! of EoMmtion v. Barne~ 3I~ US. 624,
09431.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIM 365555
" ~ of the/mpec~r General, y~mth Accem to Cim~rette~.
CONFIDENTIAL:
~SOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365556
The model state pmsram called for by S. I088 ~/
mmecexl~. As John Joyce, Execative Direc~ ~ ~
Association, stated last year in a leuer m Senator Kennedy in
with S. 1088"s p~r, the program would umsiimte "an improper
interference with state political precesses and would set a dangerous
precedel~t."m S. 1088 cmtemibly offe~ federal ~ to states in
punuiul their own anti-smoking ~ but a close reading of the bitl's
"assistant" pm~ns suggests that the Center would strongly
the ~onient and stru~re and guide the execution of tilese state
Rep. No. 112, ~ at 37-38, 40-41. ~ly, the several state
de~ of health would b~ mad~ ~h~ ~ of a
plann~ and d/reeled federal ~kin8 pmgiani,
To obia/n a Iranl, a ~ would have to desilnai a "lead
asen~y" to work in conjunction with the Center. See. 2716(1~ This State
Department of HealS, even thou~t the state agents ~spom~lities
,o Letter of John L Jayce, ~ Direci~, M-iqe ~
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365557
tobacco products to m~ors in a model sta~ would I~ made a violation of
fede~ law. Scc. Z741(aX9). Federal ~~ - inctuc~g civil actions
prosr~m is an attempt m bypa~ ~ sta~ lcsill~tiv~ process -- ~
sm~ ~~"~n~~[~]~~ ~~
Sec. 2742(a), (d). ~u~ t~ schcnuc cst~lish~ t~ S, 1088 l~mrs son~
1088 tl~ remed/al providons of the F'D&C Act is a Proccust/an dev/ce
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365558
Sees. 27"21 would direct ~h¢ Center to make'granm co public
bound to produce confinion and irrational resulm.
is me~axt m have enforcement powe~ under the bill sire/far to
~ to the Food and Drug Adminis~ S. Rep. No. 112, ~ at
~cmfiz~ and storage ~ to ml~ mmplm aud to impect
This is ¢xmsidexably broader/mpecc/on authority than FDA currently has
is "adulteramd." Sec. 2741(a~2)-(4). The bz~l's ~ of'adulterated"
quarry o~ such subsmuo~ or additiw i~
~ur~us m u~a~~ (EmpUm~ add~)
or additive" is incmnpmhmm~ol~.
cONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
- - TIMN 36:~:~;9
and their ~mi~ies," es~ "groups with the highest prevalence
tobacco use." The b/If also would direct the Secreta~ of Educat/on to
prov/de "incenl~ve grants" to establish smoke-fi-ee schools. S. 1088,
S~c. $. With ~espect, we submit that additional fcdcral spending is not
required to stimulate anti-smoking activity in th=c m'cas.
ingredients ("tobacco add/tires") and tobacco smoke constimems
n/cot/he and carbon monox/de) subsm~n _tIy dupl/cate elistins law. To the
serve no demonstrable
each tobacco additive used/n all of the toba=o produ~s made by the
manor. Sec. 27S1(cX1) would direct th~ ~ to tn'cscn'be
"so that the p~li~ ~I be ~
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365560
vorings, fragrance.& and colorin~ without
specifically namin8 each,"
Sec. 2751(¢)(2)(A) also would authorize the Secreta~ to restrict or
.~ proh~it a tobacco additive if he dete~es that the additive, "either by
~ itself or/n conjun~on w/th row/other addi~/ve, t/gn/fican~ intreat+ the
~;: ...... risk of the product to human health.""
~..~ ~,~, ? ~ Under exist/ng law- the Comprehensive Smoking Educa~/on
,.~i: "-~, ...... ~_ ~. i ~Im S~temry of Health and H,,~n Serv/=~ on a~ annual be~s "a I/st of
~.~ ,: ~ the ingredients added to tobacco in the mantdacture of cigarettes." 15
.... ::~' ~i ~i ~ U~.C. S D35a(a). The list provided to the Secretm7 need not identify the
~:~ a S. 1088 provides for judicial review of such dete, rm,i,',.t+,'.m+, by the
~:; ~,~,~ Secretary but appears to • "]mxinate a stazldard of review that places a
~ ~ meaningful burden ofjtmtifi~tion upon the Secretazy. Sec. 2751(cX2)(B)
~ a tobacco product add/tire by res~ation. The Secretary must pray/de
notice and opportunity to comment punuant to the Adm/nJstmtive Proce-
dure Act, 5 U~,C. 553, before ~ui~ such a resulation. Judicial review
of such a determ/nat~a would be ~-med by See. 409(8) of the FD~C
Act (2t 348(8) re rem m of (3)
that subsection would not apply. Parasraph (3) provides, through a
referen~ to See. 409(0(2) of the FD&C Act (2; U~.C. 348(0(2)~ m-t an
evaluation of the entire record * " * and * * * include[s] a statement
is based?
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365561
~ Congre~ cons/tiered the disclosure of c/sarette ingredient
information on this bas/s to be adequate to "permit the federal govern-
merit to init/ate the tox/cologic research necessary to memm~ any health
r/sk posed by ~e add/tion of additives and other ingredients to cigarenes
durin8 the manufactur/ng proce~" H.R. Rep. No. 805, 98th Cong., 2d
.... i~red/en~s "wlxich in the jud~emen~ Is/el of fl~ Secretary poses a heal~
risk to cigarette smokers." 15 U~.C. S 1335a(b)(1)(B). Each year since
on a co~ bin/s, a t~: o~ ~e q~n~'y of each in~r~tie.nt added ~
stated tha~ no additional authority is required at tttis t~e. The
available to assist in that review. To date., the Depat~ent has siren no
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
365562
turer~ The manu~cmrers rcpea~.cily have informed ~e Secreta~ that
promptly, voluntarily and ~thout r©lp~rd to the/r su'/c¢ statutory
obl~afions. It would be not only premature but count~cyl'oduc1~e to
enact broad new regu/awry author/v/for wh/ch no showin~ of need has
Brand form~!~ are highly valuable trade secre~ The tmwun~J navae
'~ Sec. ZT~l(b) aufl~or/zes the Secretory to requca--t/nformacion from
a menu~acr~er, import~ or purchaser of a tol:mcco produ~ re~ the
be ~ to read t~. ~ as ~ ~ m require tobacco
produce ~rs to conduct new health stud, s on ~ The
Secretory, h~vokin~ such purported authority, wL~t require ~ or
prohibitively expemive testing that would e~ ban particular
additives. It is unclear, moreover, whether health stud~ submitted m the
from disclosure to ~e publJ~
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION 365563
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365564,
Se~. 2751(a)(1) would make it unlawful for any person to
manufacture, import or packaSe any tobacco product tmle~ such person
has" provided the Se~'reta~ w/th a complete list of ~sr~ nicotine and
~rbon moncodde ratin~ for each brand. A tobacco pmdu~ would be
carbon m~ information as required by the Secretary. Sec. 2753.
~t to a vohmtary a~reemem aud program entered ,/nto
with the Federal Trade Commt~a-= the major ~Sarette manufaemre~
already d/sclme_ /n ~heir advert/sing "tar" and hi.fine ra~ngs mr
ratin~ On a brand-by-brand bss~ suppI/~d by the
at the Commtt~on's reque~as The Tobaem/mtitute Teming Labora-
Brown & Williamum Tobac~ Corporation, et aL
~ See. ~ Federal Trade Commmfon, Re~rt of Tar. Nicotine and
Carbon Mon~de Content of 475 Varieties of-Domestic Ci~ettes. 56
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365565
• Commission, measures the "tar," nicotine and carbon monoxide levels
~i~xettes sold in the United States.
The Commission has mid tJ~ House Subco~ on
Trampormfion, Tourism, and Hazardous Mater/als tha~ it is sa~-.d that
i~s current arrangement with TITL exmbl~ it to ensur~ the ~ of
"mr," nicotin~ and carbon monoxic~ T~q~r~s suppli~ by the
• ~ manufacturers." Wi~ respect ~o other cons~insenm of tobacco smok~
,~ ~ ~ a re--mare o~ ~ Oak ~ Na~iona~ Labommr~ (ORNL) m~d
• ~.~, ~, same Subco_mmit~ee in 1988, ba~d on rmearch c~~ by ORI~
~" ~ N/c~ti~e, ,~rc~r~_ m; H~'~rin~ he, re the Subcomm. on
Transvormtion. Tourism. and l'~rdous M~ter/a]s of the House Com. on
F~deral Trade Commas/on); L~ at 10-1~, 47 (~m~ny of William C.
Ma~21eod, Director, Bureau of Consumer ~ FTC); ~ at ~ 47
(tc~t/mcny cf Daniel Oliver, C'~n:--~. ~
• v Clam,-ties - Adver~isLq~- Testing. and Lia~ Hearimm on H.R.
4~43 before the Subeomm. on-Tr~ __~_ tio~ To,,,~m- and I4w,~,d~us
Materials of the House Com. on Ener~__ and C0p~merce. 100th Cong., 2d
Sess. 204 (1988) (statement of Michael D. Guerin).
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIM~ 365566
There/s no reason to require further disclosure of tobacco
smoke constituents or to shift responsibility for overseeing such disclosure
from the Federal Trade Commi~_tion to a new federal agency.
ADDICTION WARNING
See. 3(b) of the bill would replace the existing carbon
monoxide warning with an addiction warning. Mr. Chairman, this imue
was the subject of a hearing/n 1988 before the House StliN:ommittee on
Health and the Environment. At that hearing - a~ at lest year's heariv~
on S. 1883 and HR. $041 - we msl~ed agaim¢ an addictkm warning on
the 8round that callins c/garet~e smok/ng an addict/on triv~_ the
undermines efforts to combat drug abuse. In addition, we noted ttmt the
Such a cla/m deHe~ all logic when, acmrding t~ the former
Surg~oa Oez~r'~ nearly bail of atl Am~ricam ~ who ever smoked have
m Health C#~tlse~ ence of Sl~okina -- Nicotilte Addictiom Hearing_
before the Subcomm- on Health a_n_d_~_the Htwironm~t of the House
Con,,~- on Enemy ~__.d Co~m__.r~ ZOOth Con~ 2d ~ 299 (1988);
Tobacco Produc~ufation and Health Protection Azt of 1990:. Hearin~
~fortt th~ ._~.~t_~ Comm. Oil I~hor and Hutrmn
2d Sere. 79 (1990); Tobacco Control aBd Market~_ Hearin~ before the
Subcomm- Oil Health and the Environment of the House .Comm. on
Ener~ and Commerce. 101st Cong., 2d Sere. 486 (1990).
CONFmENalAL: TIMN 365567 " "
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
quit, ~" and most of the 41 m~l~a smokers who quit did so w/thout
~,istaace.~ Irm~ally, ~e pres~¢e of an ad~on waraing could
serve to discourage some smokers from quitt~g - ~elling them,/n effect,
0~a~ ~y may hOe ~ ~apable of smppi~ smoking.
smoking is addictive. AX ~ however, it emerl~d that tl~ responm~ol¢
~ that the word has no precise scientist or even
~ Redudnu ~he Health Comeuuen~ of S,,,o~¢_ A Re~rt of ~e
• o The Health C.,omeauences of Smokinu - Nicotine Addiction: A
Renort of the Surgeon General, Ix. 466 (1988).- See also ~ at $77, $80-81
(n nOs q u ns
• * Liston, Vol. 70, pp. 10631-1064L Dr. ~ L~mn, ~ Assistnnt
Depmy ~ in ~ of the Heal~ Prou~m Bmu~ o£ National
had I~en expressed by Dr. Cook, tic Chief of th~ Drug Direc~ra~
Health and Welfare.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365568
o~ For these reasons, and the reasons d~xmsed by Dr.
~ .~ Theodore H. Blau in his written statement today, and in his statement to
'::" ~* :~ the 198S House Hearing. ~.
.....
~.~.~ . o Act to appear on the front aud back panels and "be in a size whir.h is not
~ ~ l~s than 20 pm'ce~oftl~side onwhich th~ lab~! is place~" The letters
no~ a= bm gives ~ Secreu~ auamr~ to pmmu~= resu~om
implementing ~he new warning label ~ See Suc. 2743. Cit/ng
*" 1988 I'Iou.~ ~ ~ no~ 28~ at 299.339.
~OTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
___ TIM~ 365569 .....
~ml~., (scar~~ s~J h ~ tho~ set ~o~h in l~st y~r's Wa~mmn b~
(I-LR~ ~~~/ctters on a bla~k background or black l~tters on a
|
whi~ ~'red lct~n f~ the wind ~VARNING; h~y
enc|os~ng [h~ ]abe] sm~qz~.zlt, ~ so fort~ ~
Mr. ~ th~ propased warn/n~ Eormat r~qu/r©men~s
..... ~" person's dec~on "to smoke or not to smoke" is an imrormed one.~' As
.~ . ~. ~ .~ d/scussed earlier, ft is too late in the day to sul~e~t that the new Eormat
~. i" i~ ~:.~
:~!. ....
~// ~ i *" S. 1088 also would permit the Se~tary to require thaz "tar,"
~ ~" ~ causi~ smoken to i~mre it alL" Comurehens/ve Smoldn~ F_~ucat~on A¢~;~
~ ~ He.ar~no~ on H.R. 5653 and 49'37 befo~ the Subcnmm_ O~ He41]th nod the
~ ~ ~o~me~ of the House Comm. on F-he_ _~v_ and C_nmm __m~_ 97th
~ 2d Se~ 355 (1982) (statement of Edward A. Hen'/San,
• - See Federa~ C~te Labe~ and ~
U.~.C. S 1331(1); S. Rep. No. 195, 89th Con~ l~t Se~ 4 (1965);
Rep. No. 289, 91st Con~ l~t ~ 19 (1969) (add/fio~ ~ c~ R~,
~ ~ smt~l ~ t~ purpo~ o~ the leg~la~ion w~ m "provid~
~ American pubEc wi~ mor~ i~'ommfion abom
w~ttm- or no~ t~ ~ok~" I2~ Con~. ~ $:1~l (daily ~ Ma~_h 11,
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365570
. smoking..By pre~g a format intended to shock, S. 1088 seek= not to
enable people to make an "infmmed" choice but to indu~ peop~ to make
the ¢hoi¢= that tl~ bill's spomors deem to be "correct."
Mr. Cha/rman, the proposed waraing format not only ~s
ha~ made clear that the gov~rm~nt ~ regt~te ]abe]~ ~ adverti=~
o~lly as n~ to prm~at the/r beL~g decept/ve.== As the Ninth
~ ~tated in an opin/on ~ tl~a Jud~ ~ M. ~, "th=r¢/=
no dccept/on * * * unless the public hokls a belk~ contrary to matcdal
=" See. ~,, V'u~_'n~ $~ Board of Ph~maev v.
Comua~r Couec¢ ~c., 4Z~ US. 748, 771 ~.4 (1g'/6);
u.s. ~.g~, 2o2.~ Ossz); B=~v. S~ Bar. 433 us. 350, 3s.s (z977). "A
remedy ~or decept/ve adve~/ng wh/ch/s broad~ than b ~ to
prevent futm~ cl~c~ption or corr~--t pa~ de.~tio~ b impecm~s undm"
th© F'c~t Amendm~m? Encvclooedia Britann/~ Inc. v. FTC 605 F.2d
][~J~=.Q~I~ v. Frc 542 F.2d 611, 61820 (3d Cir. 1976~ ¢Rrr- dmdcd.
,
430 U,~. ~ (l~e~/,
-"
"" ~ v. Simeon Man _~ement Com., 532 F.2d 708, 716 (9th Cir.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION ....
TIMN 365571
STATE AND LOCa~ RF..GUI..ATION OF CIG~
AD~G AND PROMOTION
Se~ 2758 of the new title created by~ 10~ purports to
advert/sing of tobacco ~" a~ follows:
A~ " * " or d~s Compt~hemiw SmoI~le~
Tobacco Health Education Act * * * shall
prm~nt any Smm or local gov~rume~ from
of mbac
sampling)) on the placement or location of
produ~s undm" the (xmtml of Siam or
within the geograph/~ area ~)verned by the
applicable State or ~ government, to the
At bast, this ~m~t of a~ to sta~ and local j~Jsdictions
local adven/s~ requ~m~ms/f nat ou~,/ght ba~. tnd(~l, ~ cou~ be
CONFIDENTIAL: ,
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
TIMN 365572
~ed to a retail establbhment advert~ug the tobacco product~ offered
[ha caref~lly worded 1= r~ ~na~r Kcnnedy,
American Civil Lfl~enies Un/oa stated that it had no civ/l h'oert/es ~/ "~
objcct~o~ to "the language" of S. 1088. See
~May 16, 1991). It b more chart foreseeable, however, that th© la~gua~
already hav~ attempt~ to promote res~ on zhe "p~t or
locat/on" of c~are~ b/gboard advenb/~/n a number of szat~ and local
jur~li~ion~ that would amou~ to ~ ouzri~t
owned property in any residentis~area. Some would apply to outdoor
advertisin~ ne~ schook only;, o~hem wouki apply, in varlou~ combination,
~ o~door adven~ near schools, chu~che~ ~~ hospitals~
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION 365573
enacted, effom would b~ mad~ to ~x~¢nd ~h~m - ~o mm 1,0~foo~
proln~o/~ons into 2,0(~foot prohibitions, 1/~.m~ prohibitions into on~-
mile pmlm'oitiom, and t~ e~mnd inem3mbly the l~t c~ places nea~ which
outdoor aa~r~in~ for tobacco produ~ wouki be a~r~ed only where no
one could see it.
thnt lim~atfon ~s q~s~onable a tm~ Th~ Labor C~~'s mpon
su88ems that See. 2758 would allow state and local ~ to regulate
and local jurisd~ons might do in ~he namu of regulating "the ~ or
number of billboa~ and outdoor s/gin." ~ at4$.~°
.e The Labor C~mmittee report does not state that state and local
authorities may not directly or ~ ban mbacm pmdu~ adveresing
ender the authe~ty ~ conferred by See. 27.~8. h me~ely states
th~ the Labor Committee does not ~ to eIl~3tita~ slate aIId local
jut~iiceom to eliminate outdoor adve,-es~ and does not expect
2758 to rmult in the *!~m~ation of all tobacco pmdu~ ~ or to
_ CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365574
( " Tobacco Issues, Institu~ of Politics, Harvard Un/vers/ty, April 27,
• 1983, Tr. 8-9.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION
- TIMN 365575
valence of smok~ns/s taken as a measure of "vulne.,ab~[ty~ to c/~u-ett~
advcrl~s/ng howcver~ then Black and H~span/c you~ are amon~ the
'~dnerable~ in our society. ~tm fast month, the Centers for Disease
Contxol reported that the prevalcnc~ of ~requent tobacco use mnong wh/t~
students (15.9 percent) was approxima~ly sev~ times that o~ Black
students (2.3 pcrcenQ and a~tely twice that among Hispanic
(7.4 percent)
..
Cong~rmat/on that b~nn~ng ~garcms advertising would not
reduce smok/ng prevalence among young pe~pl~ has been ~d again
• , t~ - United Sm~,
betw~-n 1976 ~nd 1989. The rmearcbars found that, after Native
as low. The resm.-chers suggested that these black/white differences for
wh/tm in th~s group t~-m~i-ed essent~ily unchanged while ratm have
Ethnic DiHerenmm in Smoking Drinking and lllkit Drug Use
1991, voL 8I, no. 3, p. 372.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365576
1989 had found that a ~!ig~r~ pm'c~ntage of 14-18 yea~-olds smoked ~
in ~989 than wlien the adwrfisinS ban went into effect. "~ The study just
publisl~ this spring in the F'umish Mcclical .C-aze~l~ r~ported "a .slier
increase" in smoking among adult mm~ and wom~n (a~m I.~4) between
1988 and Ig00.~' Th~ study found that ~ smoking among adult men
i~c~e~.d fi'om 3~ pe~:ent in 1988 to 36 percent ~ 1990, and da~
smoldng .~,ong adult wom~n in~.d from ~0 percemt m 21 ~t in
~ ~ pefi~L The autl~ smt~ flint smokin~ ~ in Ffnl~d
start~ to riseq and on tl~ basis of tl~ situation o~ tl~ early 1990's,
smoking dora uot appear m be decw.as~ at th~ momm~"
M., and Karmnen, S. ~.oun~ Pe~_ le and Sn~0kin~_ 1973-1989. Helsini~:
University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health S~ienee, Publication
2/1989, 1989.
on A~mdm Tmva,-d Smoking in Finland," Suom~ I.,aaka~ell$i. 46,
1991/8: 721-724.
CONFIDENTIAL: "
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365577 ........
In Norway, tobacco adver~in8 was b~n_e~d in I~5. But
a~8 to a ~ ~ ~ ~ Jo~ of ~e No~ M~
r~ed ~ ~~ ~ ~ (38 ~t) ~ 1~9 (36
~).~ ~ ~ a~on o~ smo~g
~ ~ Nosy ~ ~ ~ U~ S~ ~ ~t B~ ~n
1~ ~ 1~, ~o~8
~ ~" ~ ~ ~ Nosy ~~ ~8 ~ ~ (~ ~.7 ~nt m 33~
~ ~ u~ ~e~ But h~
sutnequent ~pondence with Dr. Bjartveit in the same journal: 1990,
18(110): 239.q-8; 1990, 19(110): 2567; 1990, 20(110): 2689-90 [including
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TININ 365578
{aplauatiom l~nd no suptxn't to
si~c~ it is ~nm, ally older ~
Queb~Sup~orCo~sa~dofth~]
MINNESOTA TOBACCO L~IGA~ON .
T~ 36~579
the TSB Report, as an extrinsi~ document, is
of no probative value."'*
The C~ebe~ Seperk~ Court invalidated the Canad~
~ ban as violative of Canada's version of the Fn~t Amendment.
It did so, among other reason& because the government failed to establish
that the ban was likely to reduce consumption.
Adverting b not l~mnful, Mr. ~ As Jtm~z Jenn-
~ 2757(b) specifies that nothing in the new title of the
'?~Pub~¢ Heaah Serv~e Act created by S. 1088, ~ no~n~ ~n ~ Federa~
::ii~igarette Labeling and Advertising A~t or the Comprehensive Smoking
.°Education Act of 1984, -.~h~n be in~ to relieve any person from
~ .~.'.~bility at ~ommon law or under State suttutory law to any other pencm."
~e stmn~ oppme tuis pm~si~n of ee b~
~'* ~IR-MacDonald Inc. v. Attorney General of Canada. No. 500-05-
a~755-SS3 (Quebe~ Super. Ct, J~ ~ ~99~), ~ muatat~ o~
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365580
under a state's tort law.
~ is required to protect the p~lic health."'~ Hc s~ct~ and wc
decided in hundreds and even thowan~ of
t/ally rebalance Congress' express
Icommend m your spa~ attm:~tlon, in this rellsrd, th+ ~ ~ny
Sul~:omm~'~ on Tr~mportat/on, Tour/s~ and H~lous Ma~'iais in
"* 1988 Hous~ Hea~ suom ~om 27, at 2gL
Id. ~t 374.
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION TIMN 365581
CONFIDENTIAL:
MINNESOTA TOBACCO LITIGATION . _. TIMN 365582
I I I1 1 I
