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'ro SMOKING AND HEAL~ Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service Alan R0dgman February 5, 1964

SI.~KINO ~ HEALTH Iteport of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public l{ealth Service

AUTIIOR INDEX l.~nderlined page numbers indicate citations on Reference pages at the end of each chapter or Gectlon in SmoklnK and Health. Abbott, C. A., 294, 302 Abrams, I[. K., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 161, 183, 188, _2_3_7 ~.cheson, R. M., 326, 3~28 Ackerman, L. V., ix, 172, Anderson, D. O., 283, 288-290, 297, 299, 303, 30_~6 Ande~ont, H. B., 143, 165-167, 189, An~uera, O., 150, 155, 196, 19T, L99, 201, 204, 205, 207, 209, ~_9, 2~_! Adamek, S., 51, 60,.6_~ Angus, C. E., 271, 279, 312 Ahlbom, It. E., 197, 205, 212, 23_~5 Archer, V. E., 193, 2~ Ahlmann, 3., 143, 144, 241 Arkln, H., 184, Ahn, K. J., 165, 189, 25__!1 Armstrong, E. C., 228, _236_ Albert, R. £., ix, 60, 6_~3, 263-265, 267, 296, 30~ Arostegui, G. g., 197, 200, 201, 205, 207, 209, Alexander, P.., i42, 235 Allen, C. V., ix Alllbone, A., 337-339, _~ Alllng, D. W., ix, 276, _.394 Altschuler, B. L., 172, ~, 265, 30~ Alvord, E. T., 60, 63 Amdur, M. O., 295, 30~, 3~06 American Cancer Society, ix American Thoracic Society, 275, 278, 279, Arthur, D. Little Inc., ix, 50, 55, 57~ 6~, 268, 269, 272, ~ Asano, K., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, ~ Ascar£, W., ix Ashford, J. R., 288, 289, 298, ~ Ashford, T. P., Ix Ashley, C. M., 145, 24~ Astin, A. W., ix Attlnger, E. O., 292, 30~ Auchlncloss, J. H., Jr., 292, ~ American Tobacco Company, ix Anderson, A. E., ix Auerbach, 0., ix, 166-172, 189, 228, 23__~6, 268, 271, 272, 274, 30__.3

~adham, C., 278, 303 Badre,.R., 267, 307 Bailar, J. C., II1, ix Baker, L. A., 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 182, 205, 206, 252 Balch~m, O. J., 764, 280, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 295, 297, _303~ Ballard, C. P., 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 182, 205, 206, 252_ Ballenger, 3. J., 267, 268, ~ Barach~ A. L.~ 292, ~ Bargeron, L. H., Jr., 318, 32~ Barnett, C. W., 337-339, 340 Barrett~ M. K., 228~ 236 ~ar~, O., 1~7, .23~ 3artlett, W. A.~ 354~ 35~ Basa~ D. E.~ 266, 310 Bass~ H. E.~ 281~ 283~ 285~ 286~ ~5 Battlsta~ S. P., Ix~ 61, 6~, 266, 308 Baum~ W. S. ~ 128, 140, 249 Baumberger, J. P.~ 264~ ~3 Bavley~ A.~ 52~ 6~ Bayne-3ones, S., iii~ 9 Bea~an~ J. E.~ Ix Beck, S., 228, 236 Becklake~ M. R.~ 266, ~ Beobe, G. N., ix, 195, ~3~

Blood~,,ell, R. D., 326, 3~3_1 Bre.dess, V. A., 321, 33~2 BlumberB, J., x Branlg.an, N. J., 166, 250 Blumlein, H., 205, 206, 209, 237 Braum,,ald, E., x Boake, N. C., 276, ,304 Brauley, B. N., 197, 200, 261, 203, 25.._0. Boche, R. D., 267, 268, 304 Breedis, C., 167, 23_7 sock, F. c., 143, 203, 2~Z, 24~ Bocker, D., x Bokhaven,. C., 266, 296, 30--4 Bondurant, $., 269,"3~0 Breslow, A., 147, 24~I Breslow, L., x, 81-83, 86, 89, 95~ 96, 108-110, 113, 120, 127, 149, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 161"164, 183, 188, 209, 217, 222, 2~37, 240, 323, 324, _328, 339, 3~1, 3~2, ,,3~,3 Bonnet, J., 147, 23_./7 Breuer, J., 281, 283, 285, 286, 305 Bonser, G. H., 228, 236 Bridge, J. C., 147, 237 Boren, H., 266, 304 Brtll, A. B., 142, 238 Borhani, N. O., 288, 289, 292, 297, 307 Borison, tt. L., 71, 7__.6 Brlnkman, G. L., 298, ,304. Broders, A. C., 197, 198, 201, 202, 2._~ Borzelleca, J. F., 71, 76 Bosch, D., 54, 58, 63, 142, 233 Bosman, A. R., 266, .30~ Both~ell, P. g., 371, 37.7. Bouchaert, J. J., 69, 75 Boucot, X. S.', 281, ~3p~ Boutwell, R. K., 54, 58, 63, 142, 237. Bower, G., 281, 283, .30~ Bowery, T. G., .62, 63, 145, 2__37 Bowman, E. F., 71, 75 Boykin, M. J., Jr., 267, .311 Boyland, E., 140, 143, 144, 250 Bronte-Stewart, B., 326, ~2~ Brooker, E. G., 51, 65 Brosch, A., 143, 2__38 Bross, I. J., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 180, 197, 199"202, 204"207, 209"218, 25~, 257 Brow, B. ~., x Bro~¢n, Z. E., 277, ~0¢ Brown, S., 288, 289, 298, Brown, T. C., 172, 243 Brown & Willlamson Tobacco Company, x Brozek, J., 319, 325, 326, 328, 3__30, 355, 356 Brues, A. M., 143, ~38

(r~ ~.runelle, M. F., 266, 307 Canadian Dept. Veterans Alfalfa, x Brunner, D.• 321, 328 Cannon, W, B., 319, Brunschwig, A., 225-228, 240 Cap[an• R. F., 319, 330 Brusevich, T. $., 147, 238 Cardon, So Z., 60, Bryan, E., 166, .2.4,0 Carey• F. P., 61, 6~3 Buechley• R. W., 193, 23_~8, 324, 3~28 Buell, P., 81-83, 86, 89, 95, 96, 108• 110, _120_, 149, 150, 162, 164, 183, 209, 217, 222• .24.0., 323, 339, 343 Buka, H., 362, 379 Bulbring, E., 267• 309 Bum, J. H., 267, ~309 Burdette, W. J.• ttt, 9, 167, 191, 238 Burgess, F., 295, ~31~ Burgess, W. k., 288, 289, 299, ~06 Carleton, H. H., 271, 30_~6 Cartson, A. J., 71, 75 tames, N. H., x• 172, Caron, H. $., x Carrese, L. M., x Carroll, B. E:, 133, 193, 24_6, 25~5 Carroll, V.• 321, 329 Cartwright, A., 362, 364, 374, 3~7 Case, R. A. M., 172, 195, 196, 238, 320, 322, ~2~ Castellanos, A., 318, 328 Castleman, B., x, 141, 174, 23~ Cefis, F., 166, 189, 252 Chadwick, D. R., x Chang, $. C., 268, 271, 304 Chapman, I., 271, Burn, I., 69, 7_~5 Burn, J. H., 69, 7~5, 318, 32__~8 Butler, W. T., x, 276, ~O4 Butlin, 11. T., 147, 23__.8. Byers, S. O., 321, 32~9 Cahnmann, H., 148, 2._~ Chatgidakls, C. B., 271, Cain, J. R., 167, 24_~8 Chtang, C. L., 117, .!2.Q Campbell, A. H., 277, 30~ Chrtstenberry, K. W,, 142, ~5 Campbell, J. M., 57, 6~3, 150, 153, 156, Chrtstofano, E. E.• 295, 309 Christopherson, W. M., 203, 248 ' Canadian Dept, Natl. Health & Welfare, x °

Lhiw~rs, C. P., 290, 298, 30t, 5 Cook, J. W., 55, 147, 2_~_~ Clark, K., x Clark, H. L., 321, 33__3. Cook, L. C., 49, 6_~5 Coo~, C. S., x Clarke, D. R., 264, 280, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 3__03 Claus, C. J., 51, 65 Clemmesen, J., 141, 175, 185, 187, 238., 249 Cooper, A. P., 147, Cooper, D. A., 281, Cooper, N. S.,.146, Cooper, W. C., x, 298, 299, Clemo, G. Ro, 54, 63 Corcoran, A. C., 321, 322, 331 Coates, E. O., Jr., 298, 30~ Cordonnier, J., 172, 24_~2 Cobb, S., x Cochran, J. B., 283-288, 308 Cochran, W. G., ttt, 9 Cornfield, J., x, 140, 141, 150, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158-161, 180-183, 188, 190, 192, 197, 199, 201, 202, 204-206, 212-214, 216, 218, 239, 252_, 256 Cochrane, A. L., 283-287, 291, 299, 307 3O8 Cogbt11, E. C., 61, 63 Cohart, E. H., 186, 2~38 Cohen, J., 144, 179, 182, _238., _2~5~ College of General Practitioners (U.K.), -298, _3_o_4 Collins, V. J., 228, 239~ Comroe, J. H., Jr., 318, _.3?.8 Cotttnt, G., 146, Courts, F. A., 362, 366, 368'371, 378 Cowdry, E. V., 143, 25._c'1, 268, 3Q8 Cox, A. G. C., 354, Crlsto~ano, E., 166, 189, 2__46 Crlttenden, ~., 133, 136, 173, 175, 185~ 204, 209, 211, 23~, 24_.~2, ~4~ Croninger, A. B., 143, 144, ~4~, 254, Comroe, J. H., x, 70, 7_~5, 292, Cross, K. R., 271, 305 Conover,. A., 362, ~7_~8 Culling, C., 269, 31~ Conover, A~ C., 175, 185, 211, 248 Cunnlngham, G. J., 172, 239 Conte, A. J., 150, 153, 155, 156, 256 Cutler, S. J.~ 127, 128, 133, 135, " 138-140, 175, 186, 23~, 24~0, 242 Conway, W., 51, 65 ~ " Cuzln~ 3. L., 143, 144, 2__43

Dathamn, T., 267, 268, 305 Denson, P. M., 281, 283, 285, 286, .3_0_~ D'Alonzo, C. A., 321, 331 Damon, A., x, 326, 3._28, 385, 387_ Danlel, J. H., 165, 24__~7 Darchun, V., 58, 63 Dauben, W. G., 49, 63 Dautrebande, L., 69, 7~5 Davldson, J., 197, 23._~9 Davies, C. Dav~s, R., 363, 366, 371, .377 Dawber, T. R., 291, 297, ,3!~, 321, 323-326, 32~ Deshumkh, P. A., 277, 31._~2 Deszyck, E. J., 52, 63 Devine, K. D., 271, 275, ~305., 312. de Vrles, W. M., 147, 239 Di.ckens, F., 145, _239 Dickinson, J., 190, .24~8, 342, _3~3, 362, 364, 366, 368, 372-375, 37--8 Dickstein, E. R., 319, 330 Dlerker, M., 267, 30~ Dl Paolo, J. A.~ xi, 202, 223, 225~ Dixon, W. E., 353, .35~ Djuric, D., 266, Dobbs, G., xi Dobrogorski, O. J., 296, Dawson, J. M., xl Doerlng, C. R., 150, 197, 198, 201, 247 Day, E., 205-207, 209-212, 25--6 Dean, C., 186, 194, 239 DeBakey, M. • 150, 2.49 De Clercq, M., 144, _254 Deichmann• W. B., 267, ._305 Dencker, S. J., 190• 242,, 326, 329 Deneau• G. A.• 352• 35___~7 Denolx, P. F.; 150, 154-156, 159, 161, 180• 182, 188• 196, 197• 199, 201, 204, 205, 207, 209, 213, 214, 216• 218-222, 224-228, 2._52, _25_~3 Dolehide, R. V., 340, 34._~1 Dolgoff, S., 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 182, 205, 206, .252. Doll, R., xt, 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 93-97, 99, 102, 105-109, 113, 114, 120, 149, 150., 152, 155, 156, 158"164, 175"177, 181-183, 185, 186, 188, 193-196, 209, 217, 222, 224, 228, 23--9, 240., 322-324, 32~, 337-339• 340, 342, Domino, E. F., 70• 7--6, 350, 357 Donnelly, A. J., 166, 254_ : Doolin• P. F., 165, 246, 272, 309.

porn,. II. F., xi, 81, B3, 85-90, 93-96, 99, 103, I05-I09, I12, I13, LI?.0. 127, 128, 133, 135, 138, 139, 149, 150, 162-165, 174, 181, 183, 186, 187, 209, 222, 223, 228, 240, 27"I, 293, 30__.~5, 323-325, 32~9, 339, 34__~0 Dorset, V. 3., 319, 332 Vorsey, J. C., 354, 356 Dowllng, H. F., 276, ..3p. 5. Doyle, J. T., xi, 321, 323-325, 329. Drake, R. M., 324, ~28 Druckrey, H., 143, 144, 240 Du£field, D. P., 288, 289, 298, 3Q3 Dunham, ~. J., xt, 203, 225-258, 24~0 Dunn, J. E., Jr., 81-83, 86, 89, 95, 96, 1.08-110, 113, ~2~, 149, 150, 162"164, .183, 209, 217, 222, 240, 323, 339, 345, 342, Eddy, N. B., xi Edercr, F., 175, Edmunds, C. W., 353, 3__5~ Edwards, D., 174, 2~ Edwards, F., 288, 3_~0~, 337-339, Edwards, J. H., 277, ~0~5 Lhmke, D., 318, 37~8 EhrenIeld, I., 340, 340 Eich, 292, gisen, M. E., 319, 329 Elsen, M. 3., 197, ~41 Eisenberg, H., xi, 132 Ek~a]l, P., 228, 25~, Elllott, J. L., xi l)unn, T. B., 167, 24__4 Endicott, K. M., xl Dupertlus, G. W., 323, 325, 3.~3! Dura~LReynals, M. L., 166, Engelbreth-Holm, J., 143, 144, 241 England, 365, 37._._Z Durkan, T. M., 167, _25--5 English, J. P., 322, 324, 32__~9 Dutta-Choudhuri, R., 205, 207, 211, ~41 Enterline, P. E., 323, 33__~3 Vyblcki, J., 295, 30~ Dyslnger, P. W., 297, 30--5 Ermala, P., 202, 218, 223, 225, 244, 264, 30-5 Esscnberg, J. M., 165, 24__.~I, 343; L~ Earp, J. R., 37.0, 371, 37~7 Eastcott, D. F., 179, 186, 194, 241~ Ebenlus, B., 197, 198, 201, 24__~1 Ebert, R. V., xl, 278, 279, 30-5 Evans, W. R., 145, 2._37 Everett, J. L., 143, 144, 25__.Q0 Eysenck, H. J., 365, 367, ~7~7 :

FaiL'bai'cn, A. $., 290, 298, 147, 2~, 267, 306 Farber, E.) iii) 9 Farrcll, H., 353, 35~ Fassett, D. ~., 265) 30~ Fawcett, R. H.) 323, ~33 Fay, J. ~. J., 288, ~89, 298, 30~ Feinberg) L. J., 319) 33~ Felder) D., 318, 33.2 Feldman, R. H.) 147, 197) 199) 201) Felton) J. S., 264) 280) 281, 283) 285) 286, 289, 290, 297, ~0~ Ferber, B.) ~27, 132, 135, 136, 140, Ferris, B. 0.) Jr., 283, 288-290) 297) 299, ~3, 306 Fidanza, F., 325, 326, 33~ Fieser, L. F.) tii) 9, 52) 55) Fieser, H., 55, 6~ Filley, O. F., xi) 278, 279, 294, ~0~) 310 Flnkel, H. P., 166) [72, Finkne~', A. L.) 180) F~nne~an, J. K., ~9) 3~6 Fisher, H. A.) 50, 6~, 263, Fish(:r, R. A., 177, 179, 190, _2_41_, 2...,.~2_, Fisher, R. S.) xl Fitzhugh, O. O., 145, 23._~.~ Flamant, R., 213, 214, 216~ ~18-222~ 224-228) Fleischer, J.~ 180, 241 Fletcher, C. H., 272, 278, 281, 283~ 285-287, 289, 290, 297, 306 Flick, A. L., 281, 283~ 290, 30~ Flint, F. J., 337-339, ~0 Florey, H., 271, Fon~ana, V. J.~ 319, 32~ Foradori, O. T.., 180, 2~_[ Foraker~ A. G.~ xi Fordham, D., 73~ 7~ Forth, J. B., 167-169, 23~ Fo~el, P. F., 321, 323, ~2~. Forsey, R. R.m 27~, ~0~ Forte, ~. E.) 318)~2~ Foster, D., 264, 306 Foulds, L., 142, 2~ Frank) H. J.) 318, 331 Frank, ~. R., 295,

Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., 193, 255 Frazier, T. H., x~, 343, 344 Freed, C. C., 266, .30.6 Freedlander, B. L., 144, 262 Freedman, II. , 350, _356 Freeman, A. G., 341, 343 Yzeemal,, G., 266, 306 Freiman~ D. G., 326~ 333 French~ F. A., 146, 242 Freund~ J., 318~ 329 Friberg, L., 190~ ~42, 326, 32~ Friedman, M., 321, 326, Frl~sch~ A. 3., 278~ 312 Fri~z, L., 58, ~, 143, ~ Fry, J., 2~4, ~02 Fu3~saku, S., 150, 153, 155, 156~ 158, 253 Fukushima, I., 150, 153, 155, 156~ 158~ 253 Furst, A., 14~, 242 ur~h, 3.,.ii!i, 9~ l~l, 142, 167, Furth, N., 58, ~, 143, ~ Caede~ D., 74, 7.~5 Gaines, R. S., 264, 280, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 3o~ Gant, H., 319, 330 CariSnkel, L., xl, 167-172, 185, 187, 188, 236, 244, 268, 271, 272, 274, 303 Oellhorn, A., 144, 2__4_2. Geminus, 190, 24~2 Gere, J. B., 167-169, 172, 23~6 Gerhardt, P. R., 127, 132, 133, 135, 136, 140, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 180, 188, 197, 198, 201, 225-228, ~41, ~5, 246 Gertler, M. M., 321, ~30 Gilbert, A. J., 267, 312 Gilliam, A. G., xl, 140, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 160, 161, 182, 186, 188, ]97, 199, 201, 202, 204-206, 212-214, 216, 218, ~4~, 2._6~, ~ Cilson, J. C., 281, 283-287, 291, 299, 30.~7, 30~, 311 Glendennlng, O. M., 145, 25.~1 (~oldberg, C., 298, 31_~1

10 Col~[ein, S., 147, .241 Co]'lmnn, A., 370, 375, ~378 Goldman, E., 362, ,37,9' Goldman, H. 1., 266, ,304 Goldsmf.th, 3. R., x~[, 266, 288, 289, 291, 292, 295-298, ..307, ~3~11 Goldste~-n, I!., xtt, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 180, 188, 197, 198, 201, 246, Goldste:~n, H. M., 292, .303 Gonlubol, Fo, 31.8, 328 Goodman, R. M., 326, 33___!1 Gordon, J. E., 320, 321, 331 Gordon, K. C. T., 150-152, 155, 156, 158, 24~8 Gordon, T., 133, 137, 175, 185, 204, 209, 211, ~3_.~9, ?~, 321, 323-326, 32.~ Oorecki, Z., 203, Gottsch, L. O., 321, ,330~ Outhrie, F. E., 62, 6~3, 145, .23.7 Gover, M., 128 Grady, H. C., 165, 167, Graham, E. A., 143, ~44, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 159, 161, 182, 24___/~, 254, Graham, S., x11, 174, 24_~2 Gray, E. L., 265, 30Z Gray, H., 319, 32--8 Gray, P. O., 177, 240 Gray, S. H., 172, 2~ Great Brftaln General Register Office, 134,

11 Itaenszel, W., xli, 127, 133, 13t~, 136, 140, 141, 150, 154-158, 160, 161, 163, 174, 175, 177-183, 185-187, 190, 192, 195, 204, 209, 211, 239, ~240_, ~2_, 2__4_3., 247, 362-36 , 374, 375, Hafkenschiel, J. H., 318, 329 Hat j, H. E., 193, 255 Haines, R. M., Hald, A., 118, 1--20 Ball, T. J., 51, Halmstead, D., xll Halperin, M. H., 344, 34___55 Halver, J. E., 145, 2.43. Hamer, D., 143, 144, 2.4.3, 249 Hamilton, J. D., 172, 24~3 Hamill, P. V. V., iv, 10 Ha~ond, E. C., xti, 81-87, 89-95, 99- 103, 105-110, 112, 12Q, 140, 141, 149, 150, 162-165, 167-172, 177, 180, 181, 183, 185-188, 190, 192, 202~ 209, 222, 223, 228, 2~, 23~, 243, 244, 268, 271, 272, 274, 282~ 283, 287, 289, 293, 3~03, 307, 319, 323-325, 329, 3~, 339, ~34~, 363, 375, 377 IIamperl, H., xli ~andy, V. H., 127, 132, 133, 135, 136, 140, ~41, ~4~ Hanmer, H. R., "179, 182, 243, 322, 33~0 Hansel, F. K., 352, 35.._Z7 Hara, J., 266, 3__0Z llarkavy, J., 319, 33__~0 Harold, J. T., 294, Harris, W. S., 326, Hartel, G., 319, Har~wcll, J. L., xil, 57, 6__3, 6__~ Haslewood, G. A. D., 14~, ~3~ Hatch, T., 265, 269, 30~7 Hausknecht, R., 276, Hauser, H., 70, 7.~5 Hayden, R. G., Haydon, C., 266, 30~6 Head, J. R~, 352, Heady, J. A., 322, ~3~ Heath, C. ~., 276, 307, ~2, ~, 362, Heaton, J. H., ~1, ~ Nechter, H. H., 288, 289, 292, 297, ~.~ Heebok, P., 323, 325, 331 Hetmann, R. K., 179~ 182~ 238 Heinzelmann, F.~ x[i, 327, Hellems, H. K., 318, ~1, 332 Heller, I., 147, 24~ Holler~ J. R., Hendrtcks, N. V., 147, 244 : Henry, H., 187, 2~4

12 ~[obbs, ~1. E., 51, 60, 61, 6_.~3, 6.~, 6__5 Hobson, J. W., 187, ~Ochbaum, G., Hockett, R. C., X~. Noff, E. C., 73, 7~ Hoffman, E. F., 186, 24~ Hoffmann, D., 50, 57-60, 6~, ~43, 144, Hogner, R., 276, Holaday, D. A., 193~ Holland, J. J., 177, 188, Holland, R. H., 265, ~08 Holland, W. W., ~97, Holsti, L. R.~ 58, 64, 202, 218, 223, Ho~urger, F., 57, 6~ Hopkins, W. A., 294, Horn, V., xii, 81-87, 89, 90, 92-95, 99, 102, 106-109, 112, ~2q, 149, 150, 162-165, 180, 181, 183, 186, 209, 222, 2~, 228, ~4, 33~, 339, ~, 362, 363, 366, 368-372, 375, ~78 Horning, E. S., 142, 235 Horton, A. W., 266, Horton, R. J. M., Ho~itz, D. 8., 180, Houssay, B. A., 69, 7~ Howell, J. S., 143, 14~,

13 Huepe.r, W. C., xi[l, 73, 7~5, 134, 166, 167, 179, 186, 193, 203, 245 Hugh-Jones, P., 278, 306 Hultberg, S., 197, 200-202, 205, 207, 212-214, 216, 218, 256 Hundley, J. M., I0 Hunt, V. R., 145, 251 Hurd, C. D., 59, 64 HuSs, G., 321, 332 Hyatt, R. E., 299, 1308 Hykes, R., 147, 2.41 Hytten, F. E., 343, 344 Ide, G., 268, j308 Iglauer, A., 318, 332 Ikeda, R. M., 5~, 63 "Ingraham, S. C., 133, _2~_~6 In0uye, T., 276, 305 Ipsen, J., xiii, 87, 91, I01, .12~0 Irish, D. D., 265, 306 Isbell, H., xili Isenhower, J. A., 265, _3_13 Jacques, S., 319, Jamison, J. N., 264, 280, 28i., 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 303 Janus, Z., xiil Jensen, E., 141, 2___~.~ Jessop, W. J. E., 326, 32._~8 Jimenez-D~az; C., 276, 30.8. Johnson, C. L., 145, .245 Johnson, H. J., 281, "282, 285, 287, 31....~2 Johnston, L., 349, 953, 35--7 Johnstone, R. A. W., 51, 64 Jolliffe, N., 320"322, 3__~ Jonas, A. D., 350, 357 Jones, E. W., 281, 283, 23.5, 286, Jones, F. A., 337"339, .340 Jones, H. E. H., 145, .239 Jones, T., 150-152, 155, 156, 158, 248 Jonsson, E., 190, 24--2, 326, Josle, G. H., xlil, 81, 83, 85-87, 90- 96, 105-108, II0, 113, ~I_2~, 148, 150, 162-164, 183, 209, 222, 237~, 323, 339, 340, 342, 343 Iskrant, A. P., xill Jou les, H., 294, 30--8 Ivy, A. C., 70, 71, 76, 340, ~341_, 355, 357 Kale, L., 190, 942, 326, Jackson, G. G., 276, .305 Jacobsson, F., 197, 200-202, 205, 207, 212~ 214, 216, 218, 25~ Kagan, A., 321, 323-326, ~ahn, H. A., xiti, 323-325, 329 ....... Kamoi, H., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 25.__~3 0

14 323-326, _329, 330 Kaplan, A., 319, 330 Karp, D., 318, 3_33 Karvonen, M., 325, 326, 330 "Kassouny, D. Y., 167-169, 2_.3_~6 Kelth, C. H., 50, 64, 263, _308 Kelemen, G., Kemluskl, L., 340, 34 1 Kennaway, E. L., 58, 64, 147, 205, Kitz,,iller, H. D., 267,_3_05 KJelsSerg, M., 284-287, 289, 291, ~311~ Klar, E., 146, 24__~5 Kle~nerman, J., x~i, 266~ 3~ Kler, J. H., 276, Knapp, D, E., 70, 7~, Kofke, S., ~76, 311 Kennaway, N. H., 205, Kolb, L. H., 166, 189, 25__/2 Kensler, C. J., xlll, 61, 6_~4, 266, )08 Kershbaum, A., 319, 33Q Kesselman, A., xl~i Konstantlnovlc, I., 266, Konttlnen, A., 326, ~3~ Konwsler, B. E., 172, 251 Keys, A., 319, 320, 322, 325, 326, .328., Koprowska, I., 172, 2.50 3 0, 3 5, .... Kordlk, P., 267, 309_ Khanolkar, V. R., 197,-199, 201, 202, 204, 211, 213, 214, 216, 24.5., 252 Korteweg, R., 97, .120" Khorsandlan, R., 319, .3,39 Kosak, A. I., 52, 58, 6--4, .143, 144, 249 Kien, G. E., 318, 330 Kotin, P., xlil, 61, 63, 143, 144, 146, -- 147, 166, 17~, 186"~ ~I_, R45, ~7, K~nca~d, J. F,~ ~66, 25~ Koulum~em~ M.~ 150~ 153~ 155~ 156~ 158, K~nmella~ P. W., R78, 3~ ~t~sen~ D. M.~ 367, 373, 37~ . Kitten, A. D., ~, 30~ ~4~.

15 Krishnaraurthi, $., 197, 2_.5_~3 Krueger, A. P., 267, 268,_309 K~Jeger, D. E., xiit, 113, 120, 321, .330, 3 3t Kuchle, I4. 3., 73, 76 Kur~hara, M., 127, 129-131, 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 253 Kurogoch~, ¥., 353, 3~57 Kuschner, M., xiit, 166~ I72~ 189~ Kuz~n~ ~. 3~, 292, 310 Lawrence, P. A., 193, Lawton, H. P., 36&, 36"i, 370, 375, 378 I~a~ A. J., 172, 195, 196, 238 Leach, E. ll., 318, L~de~ann, S.~ 197, 199, Lee, K., 58, ~] Lee, K. T., 174, 249 Lee, R. E., 321, 33~ ~ese, W. L. B., 294, 298, Labelle, C. W., 295, 309 Laffan, R. 3., 71, 76 Laennec, R. T. H., 278, 279, 309 Lain, J., 144, 257 LeGallais, F. Y.~ 166, Letteh, A., 147, 246~ Lelter, J., x~i Lellouch, 3., 213, 214, 216, 218-222, 224-228, 253 Lamblase, M., 70, 76 Lancaster, 14. O., 150, 154, 155, 157, 158, 186, 246 Landau, E., 277, ~3.09 Landy, J. J., 203, _246 Langer, O., 50, 6.6~, 263, ~09. Langley, J. N., 69, 76 Lang, 14., 265, ,3.08 Larson, P. S., xXIX, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 203, 317, 318, _3 0, 44. 45, 349, 350, 352, 3 56, 357 L~skf,, S., 166, 172, 189, 246 Lematstre, C., iii, 9 Lemon, F. R., 155, 197, 257, 297, _305, 322, 333 Leng, J. K., 296, ,310 Lepper, H. It., 323, 325, 331_ Leuchtenberger, C., x~fi, 165, 2~_~.~6, 269, 272, 3__09 Leuchtenberger, R., xiv, 165, 2~46, 269, 272, 309 .Levetan, R. V., 59, Lev~n, M. L., xtv, 133, 150, 152, 155, 156, 158, 180, 188, 197, 198 201, 219-222, 225-228, 247

16 Levy, A., 276, 3_~12_ Levy, B. M., 203, 246 Law, E. A., 320, 321, Lewtn, L., 349, 351, 553, 3~7. Lewis, E. B., 143, 246_ Levis, C. ~-., 140, 143, 14/,, .250 Lewis, J. H., 71, _75 Lewis, R. lI., 323, ..333 Lay, H. A., Jr., 281, 282, 285, 287, 312 Lickint, F., 146, 150, 153, 155, 156, 159, 175, 185, 188, 2`46, 247 Liebe, C. B., 147, 247 L~ebeschuetz, H. J., 281, 282, 284, 285, .309 Liebow, A. A., Liggett and Myers Tobacco Co., xtv, 50, 55, 57, 64, 268, 269, 272, LiJinsky, W., 147, 25_~3 L~lienfeld, A. M., xiv, 140, 141, 183, 190, 192, 219-222, 239~, 24~7, 326, 33__~1, 363, 366, 367, 371, Ltndberg, H. A., 321, 332_ L~ndberg, K., 172, ~24.7. Linden, G., 81, 83, 86, 89, 95, 96, I08, 109, 113, ~120, 149, 150, 162-I64, 183, 209, 217, 222, 24~0, 323, 339, Lindsey, A. J., 50, 57, 58, 6~ 263, ~ Lione, J. G., 147, 24~ Lisa, a. R., 179, _2.5_2 Littauer, D., 354, 3~57 Little, C. C., xiv; 179, Llambes, J. L., 197, 200, 201, 205, 207, 209, _25._Z7 Lloyd, J. W.; 197, 200, 201, Lloyd, T., 295, Lockwood, K., 219-222, 224, Loeser, A., 7~, 7~6 Lombard, lt. L., 150, 154, 155, 157-159, 23__~7, 247 Long, J. E., 295, 30._~9 Lopez, G., 52, Lorenz, E., 165, 228, _2_47, 254 Leudon, R. G., xi~, 279, 298, 299~ tx)veland, D. B., 140, 150, 154, 155, 186, 195, 24__~33 Lowe, C. R., 279, 30__~9, 343, .34__4 Lowell, F. C., 290, 294, 30_~6, Lowry, T., 266, ~9 Lynn, R. ~., 370, 372, 37~

17 MacDonald, F. W., 172, .243 Mazzone, G., 146, Macdonald, I. G., 177, 179, 180, 186, 248 Mc^rthur, C., 190, _24__8, N,?., 3_~_3, 362, 364, 366, 368, 372-375, _37~ MacLean, K. S., 354, 35__/7 McArthur, C. Co, 364, MacMahon, B., 362, 368-370, 372, ..3.78, MacMillan, A., 323, 325, .33~I Macon, A. R., 59, 64 Hahaw, ¢. K., 299, 308 McCall, M. S., 265, 308 McCann, M. B., 326, 23_!1 McCants, C. B., 62, 63 McConnell, R. B., 150-152, 155, 156, 158, 2__48 Mainland, D., 179, 182, McCormick, A. J. A., 341, .342 Fmllszewskl, T. F., 266, 31--0 McDonald, J. R., 271, Manelts, G., 321, 32._.~8 McFarland, 3. J., xtv, 275, 319 Mann, G. V., 321, McFarland, R. A., 344, _345 Manos, N. E., xtv, 298, 299, 3~l~ Manouvriez, A., 147, 24~ Mantel, N., 143, 150, 154-156, 158, 160, 180, 181, 190, 219-222, ~43, 24~8, 25_~7 McGill, H. C., McOinty, J. F., 318, ~ McHugh, R. B., Mclver, F. A., 167, 248" Marchant, J., 143, 144, ~249 McKean, H., 323, 325, 33__~1 Marcus, S. C., 127, 140, 186, 243 McKennts, H., Jr., xiv, 69, 71, 72, 7~6 Marsden, A. T. H., 203, 248 McKennis, H. St., 71, Martin, F. M., 362, 364, 374, 3~ Martin, J. B., 143, 144, 2_._5~ Martin, W. J., 294, ~I! Matarazzo, J. D., xiv, 342, 3~3, 362, 363, 367, 368, 370, 378 Matarazzo, R. M., 367, 370, 378 Hattison, B. F., 128, 140, 24~ Maxwell, J. L., 197, ~9~ McKeown, T., 288, ~5, 337-339, .3~% McKuslck, V. A., 326, 331 McNamara, F. P., 195, 2__56 McNicol, N. W., 278, 306 Medalla, N. Z., xiv Medvel, V. C., 284, 288, 289, 3__I~ Mehler, A., Mehler, A. E., 146, 147,

18 Hellors, R. C., 269, .3.10 Mendenhall, W. L., 267, ~310, 319, _3~28 Meneely, C. R., 295, .303 Meredith, A. P., 323, 33~3 Merrill, M. H., 277, 310 Metropol~tlan Life Insurance Co. Meyer, C., 73, 7~ ~chelson, A. L~, 294, ~3~ Middleton, F. C., 140,. 143, 144, 250 ~ley, R. A., 354, ~l~er, D., 269, ~ ~11er, D. C., 320, 321, 326, }~ller, H. F., 175, 177, 178, 180, 18~, 187, 24~, 362-364, 374, 375, .37[ ~11er, J., ~v Miller, J. M., 292, ~11er, R. W., xiv, 193, ~ller, W., 321, 33~ ~ller, W. F., xiv, 278, )0~ ~11s, C. A., 150-153, 155, 156, 181, 186, 197, 198, 201, 2A8, 277, 31~, 322, 33~, 337-339, ~l~re, B. K., 175, 185, 197, 200, 201, 211, 2~, 255 Ming, S., 326, 33~ Mitchell, R. I., 264, Hitchcll, R. S., xiv, 272, 273, 279, 294, 310 Mody, J. K., 202, 24~8 Moertel, C. G., 203, 24--8 Mold, 3. B., 145, _248 Monroe, a., 18:0, 7.4_1 Montgomery, H., 318, Moodie, W., 367, 37--8 Moore, O., 203, 24__~8 Moore, F. E., 321, .32.9 Moore, O. E., 143, 197, 199, 201-203, 219-223, 225, 23--7, 239_, 24__/7, 248 Morlyama, I. M., 128, 140, 24_~9, 277, 3.1 M~rk, T., 297, 31_~0 ~brris, D., 265, 308 Morris, J. N., 280, 31__~0, 321, 322, =331 Morton, J., 277, 3._09 ~bseley, A. L., 344, 34__5_ Motley, H. L., 292, 31__~0 Muehsam, G. E., 167-169, 172, 23__~6 Muhlbock, 0., 165, 249 Mulay, A. S., 228, 2_49- Hulha11, 3. C., 350, 35.._/7 Muller, F. H., 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 249 Muller, R., 353, 357:

19 Hurphy, E. A., xiv, 319, Oberling, C., 142, 24__~3 Ochota, I,., 352, 3--5/ Murphy, J. B., 167, ~49 Murphy, S. D., 267, 296, 31~O Mustard, J. F., 319, Ochsner, A. H., 150, 249, 352, ~5~. O'Donnell, W. E., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 181, O'Donovan, W. J., 147, Nadel, J. A., 70, 7~5, 292, !10 Nakashlma, T., 267, _31_1_ Nash, H., xlv Nathan, D. J., 321, 323-325, 3~32 National Office of Vital Statistics, 128, 133-136, ~86, 2_49, 344, Navarette, A., 197, 200, 201, 205, 207, Nelson, A., 145, Ohrlnger, L. ~. 321, 332 O'Lane, J. M., 343, 34_4 Oldham, P. D., 283, 293, 294, .3.08 Olen, A. A.,354, ~ Olson, H. C., 281, 283, 291, )11. Onderdonk, J., 219-222, 224, 2~57 O'Neal, R. M., 174, 249 Oppenheimer, A. T., 142, _24~9 Oppenheimer, B. S., 142, 24.9 Nelson, C. V., 16.5, 247 Orchln, M., xv Nelson, N., xv, 50, 58, 60, 6_/3, 64, 143-145, 166, 172, 189, 24._~6, _~4~, 25~, 263-265, 267, 296, Nesb£tt, R. E., 343, 34~4 Ne~some, J. R., 50, 6_~4, 263, 30._~8 Neym~n, J., 181, Sielsen, A., 141, 175, 185, 187, ~38, 249 Nlessen, H. J., 266, 296, 3.__0~ Niskanen, K. O., 170, ~4~ Niven, J. I., 344, Nothdurft., H., 142, 249 Or,m, E., 319, 325, 326, 328, ~3Q Orr, J. W., 143, 14~, ~ Orris, L., 58, 6~4, 143-145, 249, Osborne, J. S., 51, 60, 64 Osenkop, R. S., 167, Oswald, N. C., 284, 288, 289, 294, 3~% Otteson, O. E., 326, ~I Ottoman, R. E., 172, 251 (~an, T., 26~, 280, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, 297, 30~ P. Lorillard Co., xv

2O Packard, R. S., 340, 34_~1 Paffenbarger, R. S., Jr., xv Pemberton, J. , 298, ,,,3.1! Percy, C., 375, Page, I. H., 321, 322, __33l._ Perkins, N. M., 288, 289, 292, 297, 30~ Paget, J., 147, 250 Pern,, J., 150, 154, 155,.157, 158, 25.__0 Painter, R. C., 323, 33_~3 P~terson, B., 323, 3~3 Palmer, G. K., 271, 30--5 Palmes, E. C., 145, 2~5_ Petrlck, T. G., 167-169, =236 Pfaelzer, A. l., xv, 87, 91, .101, 1~20 Papanlcolaou, G. N., 172, 2._~.5~ Phelan, W. H., 323, 325, 33...._._1~ Pare, J. A. P., 271, 31.._! Phelps, H. W., 276, .31~ Parr, E. A., 177, ~0_ Philllp Morris Inc., xv Park, J. W., 322, _33_1 Philllpe, R. J., 60, 6.5 Parnell, R. W., 383, 38~7 Passey, R. D., 140, 143, 144, 147, R50 Paton, R. R., 281, 283, 290, ~0_~6 Patras, A., 343, 34__~ Phillips, A. M., 284, 285, 299, ~11 Phillips, J. S., 367, 370, ~ Phillips, R., 367, 378 Phillips, R. W., 286, 285~ 299, ~1~ Pattle, R. E., 269, 295, 31~I Phutan~, P. N., 277, 312 Paul, O., xv, 323, 325, 33--1 Picker~ng, G. W., 319, .33_~l Pawlowskl, J. H., 172, ~3~6 Pfckren, J. W., xv Paymaster, J. C., 197, 250 Pierce, J. A., xv, 279, .305 Payne, M., 284-287, 289, 291, 311 Payne, W. W., 167, 24~, R~ Pietra, G., 167, ~ Plim~er, J. R., )1, 6_~ Peacock, E. E., Jr., 197, 200, 201, 203, ~0 Peacock, P. R.~ 165, 228, ~50 Pearl, R., 105 Pelrce, G., 318, ~ Poel, W. E., 143, 2~0 Polndexter, A., 321, Pollack, E. S., 127, 135, 140, 186, pollack, H., 311, 321, 322 Porter, M. M., 150-153, 155, 156, 181, 186, C Pell, S., 321, 3.31. 197, 198, 201, ~48, 3,22, ~31 o~

Potgieter, L., 318, 3_29 Port, P., 147, .25__0 21 Ra£cevic, P., 266, 305 Rakieten, H. L., 267, Potter, E. A., 150, 152, 155, 156, Ports, A. H., xv, 341, 3~42 Prat, R. C., 167, ~55 Pratt, B. M. G., 140, 143, 144, 2~5Q Price, T. M. L., 354, 357 Pride, N. B., 278, 306 Rakicten, N., 267, 311 R~lston, L. S., 323, 33--3 • RamahL, H. R., 147, 2_~5~ Ranad~ve, K. J., 202, Rand, M. J., ~18, )~ . Randig, K., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, 161, 182, !5~1 Prime, F. J., 293, 313 Prlndle, R. A., xv Proehl, E. C., 197, 199, 201-203, .248 Proetz~ A., 267, 3!! Punsar, S.• 319, Puxdom, E. 6.• 265, .3~3 Pygott, F., 337-339, 540 Rao, K. C. M., 197,199, 201• 202,-211, 214, 216, 25__~2 Rao, V. K., 203, ~5_~1 Rapela, C. E., 69, 7~6 Rapp, G. W., 354, 357 Rappaport, H., 147, Ras,~ssen, G., 150, 153, 155, 156, 159, 161, 183, 188, 23--7 Read• J., 284, 285, 291, 31.1 qu£11£gan, J. J., 267, 268, Reddy, D. G., 203, 25~1 Redlsh, C. H., 271, 30..,.~4 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., xv Reed, $. C., xv Raaschou-Nielsen, E., 190, 25._~0 Regan, T. J., 318, 33_._~1, 33_~2 Rabb, R. L., 145, _23~7 gehder, K., 318, 332 Rabson, A. S., 166, 25___Q0 Radford, E. P., Jr., 145, .251. Radley, H. H., 145, 255 Reid, D., 298, 31._~1 Reid, D. b., 298, 31_~1, 322, 33_~2 Reid, L., 271, 295, 31~ Ra£fle, P. A. B., 322, 33~1 Reid, I,. H., 271, 31__~1 ('~ Raha, C. R., 147, 25-3 Retngold, I. M., 172, 251 w

Remington Rand, Ltd., xv Resnick, P. R., 49, 6~3 Revotskie, N., 291, 297, ~_I_I~, 321, = 323-326, 3~29 Rhoads, C. P., 146, 251 Rhodln, J., 268, 305 Rlegel, C., 318, 329 Rigdon, R. ~., 179, ~5~, 269, 3~ Rlnzler, S. H., 318, ~ . Rltchle, A. C., 203, 2.5~ Rlvera, J. A.~ 267, ,312 Roberts, C. G., 322, Robertson~ T.~ 167~ ~237 Roblcsek~ H. U. H. ~ 350~ Ro~Inson~ ~. S.~ 29~ 302 22 Ross, Jo, XV RoSs, P,, 147, Roth, E., 343, 344 Roth, G. H., 70, 75, 31~,.319, 332 Rottenste[n, H. ~ 318, ~ Roughton, F. J. W., 344, ~ Rowland, R. {., 49, 6~ Roy, H., 205, 207, 211, ~ Runecklcs, V. ~., 145, ~ Rupp, J. ~., 52, ~ Rusch, II. P., 58, ~, 142, Rusk, H. A., 321, ~330 Russ, E., 318, Russek, H. I., 319, 321, 322, Ryan, R. F., 271, Rockey, E. E., 165, 189, Rodgman, A., 49, 6~5 Roe, E. M. F., 140, 143, 144, 250. Roe, F. J. (3., 144, 145,--25_1 Roffo, A. H., 143, 144, 203, 223, 228, 251. Sackrin, $., 362, 37.._~8 Sadowsky, D. A., 150, 152, 155, 156, 158 160, 161, 182, 188, 197, 199, 201, 202, 240-206, 212-214, 216, 218, 2_.5~ Safflottl, U., 147, 166, 189, 25_~2, 253 St. George, S., 321, Roos, C. A., xv Rosen, F. L., 276, 312 Rosen, S., xv Rosenblatt, M~ B., xv, 179, ~51, 252 Rosenman, R. H., 321, 326, 32~ Satto, $., 150, 153, 155, 156, 158, Salaman, M. H., 144, 145,.25_./I Salber, E. J., 362, 363, 366, 368-370, 372, 375, ~7.~, 379 Salley, J. J., 202, 203, 24.__~5, 25__/2 Sanchez Cuenca, B., 276, .30._.~8

23 .Sanderson, P. H., 319, _3--3--I Sanderud, K., 170, 172, 25~2, 271, 31.__~2 Sanford, 3. ~.~ ~ Sanghv£, L. D., 197, 199, 201, 202, 211~ 213~ 214, 216~ 252 Saphir~ 0.~ 321~ 33~ Saslo~ 'G.~ 342~ 34~ 362, 363, 367 368~ 370, 378 Schocntger, E., 169, 150, 152, 155, 156, 25__22 Schocttlin, C. E., 281, 297, ~I~2. Schonfeld, J., 372, 3.79, Schrek, R., 150, 152, 156~ 158, 182~ 205~ 206, ,25~ Schrenk= H. H.~ 344~ 34__~ Schubert~ D., 366, 37~ Satterlee, II. S., 61, 6.~3, 6.~5 Saunders, A. M., 269, 3.1_3 Schumacher, J. N., 49, 6.~5 Schuman, L. M., £ii, 9, 266, 309 Saunders, W. H., 271, 31~2 $church, 0., 202, 252 Savage, I. R., xv Savel, L. E., 343, 34__~ Sawlckl, E., 147, ~52 Saxen, E., 228, 25~ Scha[rer, E., 149, 150, 152, 155, 156, 25__/2 Schamberg, 3. F., 147, _25~ Schwartz, D., 150, 154-156, 159, 161, 180, 182, 188, 196, 197, 199, 201, 204, 205, 207, 209, 213, 214, 216, 218-222, 224-228, 2~3~, 2~52, Schwartz, J. T., xv, 341, ~42 Schwarz, B. E., 70, Sch~nd, J., 343, Scott, G. ~., 35~, 3~ ..... Schlffman, Z., xv Schlller~ I. W., 294, ~309. Schmahl, D., 143, 144, ~Q Schmtdt, C. G., 73, 7~6 Schmitt, F. L., 51, 53, 58, 64, 65, 143-1~5, 2~9, 2~55 Sch~thenner, 3. £., 318, 32~ $ch~e1~erman, ~. ~., xv, 143, 244 $chnedor£, 3. G., 70, 71, 2~6, 3~0, Schneider, R. ~., 321, _3~ SCOtt, 0., XV Scottish Home and Health Dept., 297, 298, 304 Sechrest, L., 364, 366, 367, 369, 37~ Seevers, M. H., iii, 9, 351, 352, ~5! Segal, M. S., 292, ~0~ Seg£, M., 127, 129-131, 150, 153, 155, 156,. 158, 25__3 Selby, T., 284, 285, 291, 311 ~eltgman, A. M., xv Seltser, R., xvi, 193, 25_~3

24 ~ Seltzer, C. C., xv£, 372, _3./_9, 383, 385, 3B~,, !5_7 Sen Cupta, B. K., 20.5, 20?, 211, 241 Sepp, A., 172, 24__/3 Serra, C., 70, 7~6 Seta!a, B., 58, 65 %~ala;" K., 228, 25.~2 Shat~£er, A., 321, 33~2 Sha££er, P. A., 165, 246, 269, 27.2, 30__~ Sha£rir, E., 319, 33~ Shah, 3. ~., 277~ ~12 Shanta, V., 197, 25} Shaplro, H., ~i Sharber, T., 323, Shelley, W. M., 326, Sherrod, T. R., 318, Shlck, R. M., 318, 319, Shi~In, M. B., 140, 141, 150, 154, 156, 158, 160, 167, I~5, 17~-180, 183, 185, ~87, ~90, ~92, ~3~, 25~, 362-364, 374, 375, 37~ Short, J. J., 281, 282, 285, 287, Shreeve, K., 267, Shubik, £., ~, 58, 6~, 6~, 147, 2~ Siegal, A., 318, 328 S&lverstone, H., 321, 33~ Spain, D. S., 321, 323-325, 332 Speer, F. D., 165, 189, 25.1.

Spiegcl~n, H., xvi Stallones, R., xvi Stamler, J., 321, _3_32 Stfinton, M. F., 166, Stapleton, J. F., 321, 3~33 Start, I., 319,_33_/2 25 Straits, B., 364. 366, 367, 369, Strong, L. C., 228, _239 Strurmer, E., 73, 76 Stum~£, C., 71, 76 Sturm, E., 167, Sugiure, K., 143, 144, 228, 2_.5_4 Sullivan, R. D., 146, 251 Staszewski, D. J., 197, 200, 201, 205, 208, 209, 211, 213, 21~, 216, 218, 225-228, 2~53 Statslnger, A. L., 167-169, 236 Steffee, C. H., 167, ~44 Stelgmann, F., 340, 3~ Steinberg, A., xvf Sullivan, T. J., 271, 3_~0~ Sunderman, F. W., 166, 2__54 Sunderman, F. W., Jr., 166, ~54 Suntzeff, V., 143, 254, 268, 308 Sussman, K. E., 319, 3~ Sweet, H. C., 278, ~1~ Steinberg, D., 319, ~32 Stelner, P. E., 141, 147, 213, 214, 2~, 253 Stemmer, K. L., 266, ~ Swlnehart, J. S., 52, 6__4 Swlnford, 0., Jr., 352, 357 Syme, S. L., xVl Stewart, H. L., xvi, 165, 167, 288, 24__1, 242, 24_/7, ~253, 25~., _~6 Stocks, P., xvl, 134, 150, 153, .155, 156, 158, 181, 186, 194, 254 Stokes, J., 321, 323-326, .329. Stoklnger, H. E., 296, Storey, C., 172, 255 Stout, A. P., xvi, 142, 167-172, 235, 249., 268, 271, 272, 274, Stowell, R., xvl Strachey, J., 367, ~37.9. Tabah, E. J., 203, ~54 Taber, D., 52, 6__4 Taeuber, K. E., xvl, 150, 154, 155, 157, 158, IbO, 161, 174, 179, 181-183~ 186, 195, 243 Takeuchl, M., 353, 3__57 T~rkell, D. S., 51,.65 Taylor, O-, 142, 25~ Taylor, H. L., 319, 325, 326, 328 Taylor, R. H., 362, 366, 368-371, _37~8

Taylor, S. V., 362, 366, 368-371., 3Y_~8 Terry, L. M., v, 6-9 26 Touey, G. P., 50, Traq,aIr, H. M., 341,_342 Thienes, C. H., 74, 76, 319, _33~3, 353, Thtcssen, W. E., 49' 6~3 Thoma, K. H., 271, 31--2 .... _Thomas', C. B., 321~.:126, 3_3_3, 371, 37--9, 384, 38__~ Travel1, J., 318, 333 Tregier, A., 57, 6__4 Tremer, H. M., 61, 63, 267, 30__6 Trentin, J. J., 142, 25~ Trowel1, O. X., 337-339, =341. Thor~pson, A., 165, 189, Truelove, L. H., 69, 7--5 Thompson, J. G., 362, 364, 374, Thompson, J. L., 284, 285, 299, Truhart, H., 269, 31_~2 Truhaut, R., 144, ~5"~ Thompson, J. W., 318, Trt|lson, H. F., 326, 331 Thorpe~ J. J., 147, 244_ Tully, M. R., 150, 152, 155, 156, 197, 25--0 Thurlbeck, N. M., 271, 279, ~12 Turner, C. T£nker~ C. M., 281, 283, 285-287, 289, 290, ~05, .306 Tobacco Institute, Inc., xv1 Tobacco Institute Research Comm£ttee, Tobacco Manu£acturer's Standing Committee~ 175, 179, ~85, ~4 Turner, F. C., 142, ~ Turner, R. C., 145, 255 Cuttle, J. G., 265, ~!3 ~ort, C. C., 148, 2_~55 Twort, J. M., 148, ~ Todd, G., 362, Tye, R., 266, 308 Tokuhata, G., xvi To11, G., 279, 294, 310 Ulrich, C. E., 267, 296, ~310 Tomatis, L., 147, ~3 Tomonga, M., 142, 2__38 Tompsett, R., U. $. Dept. o~ Health, Ed£cation and Toth, B., 147, 253 Welfare, 277, 3__12 Torten, R. S., xvi -. University of Minnesota Hospital, C FRnneapolis, 140, 255_ w° Umiker~ W., 172, 255 U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, 45, 46, 4--6, 62, 6__5

27 l~pto:~, A, C., 142, Valentine, E. H., 170, Valko, P., 205, 206, Vanderpool, A., 51, 6_~5 Van Duu~en, B. L.~ 50-~4, 57-59, :.~"~' 6~; 143-145, 249, Van Fiett, W. E., 294, 30~ Vassar, P. S., 269, Vt~uon, B., 267, Vlllu~en, A. L.., 343, 34~ Vincent, W. ~., Vogler, N. R., 197~ 199-201, 25~, yon Ahn, B., 319, 33~ .you Bofstatter, R., 352, 353, yon Oettiugeu, W. F., 266, .3.~3 vo;~ Sa11~nu, L., ~11~ 341, yon Verschuer, R., 190, Vorwald, A. J., xvli, 166, 167, Wagner, J. C., 167, 25--5 Wagner, W. D., 296, 31--2 Wagoner, J. K., 193, ~5 Waldron, E., 190, 24--8, 342, 34__~3, 362; 364, 366, 368, 372-375, :378 Walker, C. B., xv££, 81, 83, 85-87, 90-96, 105-108, 110, 113, 12-8, 148, 150, 162-164, 183, 209, 222," 2~!, 323, 339, ~40, 342, Watker, I. C., 276, 31-5 Walker, T. B., 145, 248 Walker, W. E., Jr., 49, 65 Wallenstein, M., xvil WaIpole, A. L., 145, 2__5--5 Walz, D. V., 271, 30__5 Warawadeka~, M. S., 277, 312. Ward~ C., 318, 32~ Warner, E. D.., 271, Warren, S., 166, Wason, J. M., 195, Wasslnk, M. ¥., 150, 152, 155, Waterman, N., 228, Watson, W. L., 150, 153, 155, 156, 2--56 Watts, D. T., 318, 333 Weatherby, J. H., 73, 7_~5 Webb, B. M., xvil, 275, 3__1..~0 Welnxoth, t. A., 326, 333 Weinsteln, H. I., xvfl Weiss, W., 281, 304 Waller, R. W., Ii0, ~5~ Wells, A. Q., 271, ~06 Wells, C. R., 197, ~25~ Welsh, B., 362, 375, ~78, 37--9 Werle, g., 353, 357 Wessler, S., 326, 333

28 West, B., 166, 254 Westermark, T., 268, .31.3 White, H. J., 203, 24~6 White, J., 228, _2.56_ White, P. D., 320, 321, 323, 326, 330, 331, 3~__~ Wh£te, W. O., 354, 357 Whitehead, R. W., 354, 3__5--6 Whitfield~ A. (3. W., 288, 305, 337-339, 3~4~1 Whittenberger, J. L., 295, .306. Wilder, C. S., 127, 135, 140, 186, Wilder, J., 349, 357 Wilklns, $. A., 197, 199, 256, Wilklnson~ C. F., 321, 322,_3.31 Wi11#.ams, A. J. ~ 318, Nilllams, J. F., 55, 65 Wi111ams, Id. J., 172,_256 Willius, F. A., 322, 324, 329 Wilson• R. H., 265, ~308~ Winstanley, D. P., 172, 239 Winternltz, M. C., 195, 25~6 Wintersteln, A., 202, 252 Wlseley, D. V., 166, 172, 2__4_~5 Witherup, S., 267, Wolff• W. A., 265, 31_../3, 349, 35___~8 Wood, C..H., 283-287, 290, 291, 299, 30.__.~5,

Zobl, E., 318, 331 Zohma~ B. I,.~ 319~ 321~ 322, 3--3~ Zukel~ W. J.~ xvit, 323~ 33_~3

SUE/ECT INDEX S~O~N~ ~N~, ~L~ Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service

3O Compounds dcsig~,,'Itcd ('r) and/or (TS) arc compo~ents of tobacco and/or r.obacco smoke, respcct[vcly. Accidents and smoking, 39, I02-I08, 344, 345 Acenaphthene (TS), 55 " Acenaphthylene (~S), 55, 58 'A.c~etaldehyde (TS), 52, 60 '~-"--"~nd ciliary activity, 60, 61 Acetic acid, 3-pycidyl- , 22 -~-,-~cet~ne ('~'S), 52, 60 and cillary activity, 60 Acetylcholine and nicotine (T, TS), 69 Acetylene (TS), 60 Achievement and smoking, 370, 371 Acids (TS), 51-53, 58, 59 and cocarclnogenesis, 58 Acids, amino- (T, TS), 54 A~ids, fatty (T, TS), 49 Acrole~n (TS), 60-62, 266, 267 and ciliary activity, 61, 266-268 Addiction as. habituation, 34, 350-352 Additives to tobacco, 61, 62 Adenocarcinoma in females, 174 Adenoma, experimental, 165-167 Aerosols, 263-265, 279, 295 Aflatoxin, 145 Agc and mortality ratio, 87-~9 and smoking, 361, 36~ and smoking start~ 89, 90, 158 Air pollutants, 296-298 epidemlologlcal studies, 2~7, 298 vs. cigarette smoke, 296-298 Alcohol and carcinogenesis, 217 and cirrhosis, 342, 343 and cocarclnogenesls, 217 and esophageal cance~, 218 and infectious disease, 277 and laryngeal cancer, 205, 210, 211 and lung cancer, 190, 196 and oral cancer, 204 Aldehydes (T$), 52, 53, ~0-62, 266-268 and respiratory disease, 296 Aldrin, 62, 145 Alkalolds ~ _~.lso,..icotlne), 49 Alkanes (T, TS), 51 A1kylbenzene (TS), 55 ~llergy and tobacco products, 2Y6 Alpha particles and carcinogenesis, 145 Aluminum (TS), 55 Alveolar lining, 269, 301 Alveolar speta, 274 Amblyopla, 39, 73, 341, 342 Ammonia (TS), 60, 61 and ciliary activity. 61, 268

Amphetamine and nicotJne Anabasine (T), 49 Ang~.na, 275 Angina pectoris, 325 Anlmal experlments and extrapolation to man, 33, 34, ].46-148 and tobacco smoke, 25, 26, 165-167 Anthanthrene (TS) in furnace black, 147 Anthracene (TS), 55, 58 Antica£clnogenesls Antigens and tobacco~ 319 Aortic aneurysm~ 325 Appetite and smoklng~ 71 Areca nutand arecollne~ 351 Argon (TS)~ 60 Arsenic (T, TS), 55, 61~ 62 and lung cancer, 193, 194 in a~osphere, 61 Arsenic trioxide (TS), 62 Arteriosclerosls and smoking, I02-I08, 320-322 Asbestos, Asbestosis, 167 Association vs. causality, 20, 21, 30, 31, 182-189 Asthma and smoking, 2~5, 276, 294 31 Ath, erosclerosis, 319, 320 Athletics and smoking, ]90 Atmospheric pollution and respiraLory disease, 295-298 Atropine and tobacco Laste, 354 Atyplcal cells, 167-173, 203, 270-275 Authority, parental, and smoking, 3)3 Barbiturates, 352 Beer drinking and lung canher,'196 Beneficial effects of tobacco, 32, 355, 356 Benz[~lanthracene (TS), 58 Benz[£]anthracene, 7,12-dlmethy1-(TS), and oral cancer, 203 -Benzan thracene, 9,10-dime thyl- : see benz [a_] anthracene, 7,12- ~ line thyl- Benzene (TS), 55, 59 Benzocalne and tobacco tastc, 354 Benzo[l]fluoranthene (TS), 57 Benzo[ghl]perylene (TS) and furnace black, 147 Benzo[£]phenantl.rene (TS), 56 Benzo[~]pyrene (TS) and coal tar, 147 and cupric nitrate, 60 and furnace black, 147 and human skin, 146 and iron oxide, 166 : and man, 146-148 and oral cancer, 203, 204 and stomach cancer, 228 and tobacco smoke, 33, 56-60, 143-145 discovery, 55 from sterols, 60

32 Benzo[~]l, yrene (TS) and fur~ace black, 147 Beryllium (T), 55 BerYllium oxide and lung cancer, 166 Be~ylllum sulfate aud lung cancer, 166 Betel nut and arecoline, 349, 351 and laryngeal cancer, 211 and oral cancer, 197, 203 Bias non-response, 96-98, 113-116 -~"--"~selectlon, 180-182 statistical, 36, 96-98, II~i'~16, 180, 181 Bidi, 211 Bioassay methods, 57-59, 61, 143, 144 Biri: see bldl Birth weight and maternal smoking, 363, 344 Bladder cancer and carcinogens, 218, 219, 223 and ethnic groups, 134, 135 and geography, 133 and income, 133, 134 and inhalation, 219, 222, 224 and occupation, 134 and sex, 133, 222 and smoking, 37, 102-108, 149, 218"225, 234, 235 in different countries, 130, 131 prospective studies, 222, 223 retrospective studies, 219-222 summary, 37, 234~ 235 urban vs. rural, 133 Body weight and smoking, 384-386 Breast feeding and smoking, 367, 368 Breathlessness and smoking, 28~, 287 Bronchiectasis mortolity, 277 Bronchitis and cellular changes, 271, 272 and lung cancer, 195, 196 and smoking, 31, 35, 38, 102-108 263, 2?6, 280-294 definition, 278 diagnosis, ~78 mortality, 277 prospective studies, 293, 294 vs. emphysema, 279 Buerger's disease, 73, 319, 326 Burning zone temperature, 50 Burns And cancer, 142 Butane (TS), 60 Butt length, 177 Butyraldehyde, y-(3-pyrldyl)-¥-methylaminoo 72 Butyric acid y-(3-pyridyl)-y-methylamlno-, 71, 72 ~-(3-pyrldyl)-¥-oxo-, 72 Caffeine, 349, 351, 352 Calcium (¢S), 55 Cancer, sex ratio, 133, 140, 141 Cannlblnol, 349 Carbon black carclnogenesls,'~ 7 C~rbon dioxide (TS), 60 Carbon filters, 61 Carbon monoxide (TS) and atmospheric pollution, 296, 297 and fetus, 343 and nicotine (T, TS), 70 m and respiratory disease, 296 ~ and tobacco smoke, 60, 296, 2~7 ~ and visual perception, 344 ~ toxicity, 73 ~

33 Carcinogenesis and bladder cancer, 218, 219 and esophageal cancer, 217 and laryngeal cancer, 210 and lung cancer, 165 and man, 146-148, 192 and oral caucer, 202-204 and species, 142 and strain, 165 and tobacco smoke, 141-148, 165, 192 factors influencing, 141-143 threshold level., 143 .Cardiac output and nicotine (T, TS), 318 and smoking, 318 Cardiovascular disease and nicotine (T, TS), 70 and smoking, 32, 38, 39, 317-326 Catecholamlne and nicotine (T, TS), 70 Causality vs. association, 20, 21, 30, 31, 182-189 Cellulose, py~olysls, 60 Cellulose acetate filters, 59 Cembrene, ~9 Central nervous system and nicotine (T, TS), 69, 70 Cerebral vascular disease and smoking, 325 Cerium, 166 Cesium-137 and tobacco, 145 Chest disease and smoking, 287, 288 Chewing tobacco consun~pLiou, U. S., 26 Chlordane, 62, 145 Chlorides (TS), 55 Chlorogenlc acid (I, TS), 54 Cholanthrene, 3-methyl- and lung cancer, 166 and oral cancer, 203 and stomach cancer, 22~ Cholanthrene, 20-methyl-: s_ee cholanthrene, 3-methyl- Cholesterol, peroxldatlon, 52 Cholesterol bydroperoxide, 52 Chromates and lung cancer, 189 Chromium (TS), 55 and lung cancer, I~7, 189, 193, 194 Chronic cough: s__e~ cough, chronic Cigar consumption, U. S., 26,4b, 46 Cigar smoke composition, 57, 58 Cigar smokers, 30, 87, 94, i07, 112, 192, 202 Cigarette consumption different countries, 175-I~7 ~.S~A., 26, ~5, 46 Cigarette smoke and disease, 25, 26 composition, 50-62 gas phase, 60, 61 number of compounds, 50 particle size, 50, 263, 265 vs. an pollutants, 296-298 Cilia loss and tobacco smoke, 27~ 34, 35, 167-173, 268, 270, 300

34 ~ Ciliary activity Coherence and acetaldehyde (TS), 60, 61 bladder cancer smo,.Ing associvti(,n and acetone (TS), 60 225 and a.croleln (T5), 61, 266-268 dlsease-smol:ing association, 20 and ammonia (TS), 61, 268 laryngeal cancer - smoking ~ssociation and carbon filters, 61 210 and formaldehyde (TS), 61, 268, 295 lun~ cancer-smoklng association, 185 • and human respiratory tissue, 267, oral cancer-smoklng association, 204 268 and hydrogen cyanide, 61, 268 Cow.non cold and smoking, 276 and nicotine (T, TS), 268, 318 and nitrogen dioxide, 60, 266 Consistency " • : : and ozone, 268, 295 ... bladder cancer-smoklng ~ssoclation, ..... ~ ...... and phenols~ 61 223-225 and positive ions, 268 dlsease-smoklng association, 20 and sulfur dioxide, 268, 295 esophageal cancer-smokin~ • and tobacco smoke, 33, 35, 61; association, 217 62~ 265-268, 270, 295, 300 laryngeal cancer-smoklng • assoclation~ 210 Circulatory disease and smoking, 102-108 lung cancer-smoklng association, 182 oral cancer-smoklng association, Cirrhosis 203, 204 - and alcohol, 342, 3~3 and nutritional deficiency, 342, Constltutional differences 343 and coronary heart disease, 326, 327 O and smoking, 39, 192-I08, 342, and laryngeal cancer, 192 343 and lung cancer, 190-192 and o~al cancer, 192 Clotting time, 319 Constltutlonal hypothesis, 190-192 Coal tar carcinogenesis, 55, 147 Copper (TS), 55, 193 Coca and cocaine, 349 Coronary artery disease, 30, 320-325 Cocaine, 349 Corbnary heart disease Cocarcinogenesis and tobacco smoke~ and ex-smokers, 325 33, 5~ 58, 59, 142 and famlllal tendency, 320 and occupatlo~, 321, 322 Cocoa and ca£felne, 3~9, 351 and sex, 32~ and smoking, 102-108, 317, 320-325 Coffee and caffeine, 349, 351 in dlf£erent countries, 320 prospective studies, 322o325 Coffee drinking and lung cancer, 190, ~etrospectlve studies, 322, 323 196 Coronene (TS) and furnace black, I~7" ' , • ,, ~ ~ -~' . -: . ~ . . . -...~ .~.~

35 Cotininc (T, TS), 71, 72 Cough, chronic, and smokinE, 280-285, 297 Cough and sputum and smoking, 283-2E6, 297 Coumarln (T, TS), 145 6,7-dlhydroxy- (T, TS), 145 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy- (T, TS), 145 Croton oil cocarclnogenesis, 58 Cupric nitrate and benzo[a]pyrene (TS), 6O Cupric sulfate and tobacco taste, 354 DDT, 62, 145 Death certificate accuracy, 127, 128 Death rate, 85-I01 and ex-smokers, 29, 30, 92-94 and smoking, 29, 86-90 and type of smoking, 86-89 Viacetyl (TS), 53 Diagnosis and lung, 139-141, 229 Diazlnon, 62 Dibenz[R,~]acridine (TS), 56, 59 Dibenz[~,~Jacrid£ne (TS), 56, 59 Dibenz[~,~]~nthracene (TS), 55, 56 and lung cancer, 143 and stomach cancer, 228, 229 711-Vibenzo|E,~]carbazole (T$), 56 Dibcnzo[~,~]pyrcnc (TS), 33, 56o5~ Dib~nzo[~,!lpyrcnc (TS), 57 D~aldr.in, 62, 145 Dipalmityl ketone (TS), 53 DIpentene (TS), 51-53 Discontinuation of smoke, 374-376 Dose exposur~ bladder cancer, 223 esophageal cancer, 218 laryngeal cancer, 210 lung cancer, 163, 187, ]88 oral cahcer, 204 Duodenal ulcer, 102-108, 337-341 D~ratlon of smoking, 90, 91, 158 Duvanedlols (T), 49 Dylox, 62 Education and smoking, 363 Electrocardiogram and nicotine (T, TS), 319 and smoking (319) Emphysema, 272-275 and pigmentation, 272-274 and smoking, 31, 38, 263, 272-275, 277, 280-294, 301 deaths in 1945 and 1962, 25 definition, 278 diagnosis, 279 mortality, 277 prospective studies, 293, 294 Endomorphs, 383

36 Eudosulfan, 62 Endrin'(T, TS)', 62, 145 Enzyme poison, 60; see also hydrogen cyanide Epinephrine and nicotine (T, TS), 69, 70 Esculetfn: se__~e coumarln, 6,7-dthydroxyo Esophageal cancer and alcohol, 218 and carcinogenesis, 217 and ethnic group, 134, 135 and geography, 133 and ~ncome, 133, 134 and inhalation, 218 and occupation, 134 and sex ratio, 133, 213 and smoking, 37, 102-108, 149, 189, 212"218, 234 in different countries, 130, 131 prospective studies, 217 retrospective studies, 212-217 Esters, fatty acid (T, YS), and cocarcinogenests, 58 Extroversion and smoking, 354-366 Fatty acid level in blood and s~noktng, 319 Fibrosis, pulmonary, 274, 275, 277 Filters and tobacco smoke, 59, 61 Finger cancer, 146 Fluoranthene (T$) and furnace black, .147 F1uorene (TS), 55 Forced expiratory volume (F,E.V.) and smoking, 289-294 Formaldehyde (TS), and ciliary activity, 61, 268, 295 and respiratory disease, 295 and tobacco smoke, 60, 61, 266, 267 Free radlcals (¢S), 59 Ethane (TS), 60 Ethnic groups and cancer mortality, 134, Ethylene (TS), 60 Ethylene glycol" (T, TS), 52 Gastric motility, 71, 340 Gastric secretlon, 340 Gastric ulcer, 337-341 Gastrointestinal system and nicotine (T, TS), 71, 337-341 Expiratory flow rate, 290, 291 Expiratory volume, 289-294 Genetic factors and lung cancer, 167, 190-193 and smoking, 34, 190-193 Ex-smoker, cigar, 94, 112 Ex-smoker, cigarette, 106, 111, 192, 193 and cellular changes in lung, 189 and coronary heart disease, 325 and lung cancer, 191-193 and mortality ratios, 92, 93 Geographlcal differences, 133, 178, 179 and sex disparity, 179 Gingival cancer and cigar smoking, 202 .Glutamlc acid (T$), 54 Glutamine (T$), 54

Glycerol (T, TS) 51-53, 62 Goblet cells and tobacco smoke, 270-275 Guthion, 62 Habituation vs. addiction, 34, 350-352 Heart disease deaths in 1940, 1950, and 1962, 25 Hematite, 193 Hemoglobln level and smoking, 319 16-Hentrlacontanone: se_.~e dIpalmltyl ketone Heptachlor, 62, 145 -..Histlocytes, 269, 270 " Histologic types of lung cancer, 33-35, 159, 160, .173-175, 180 Histopathological changes and age, 173 and previous disease, 173 and sex, 170 and smoking, 167-173, 189, 270-275, 300, 301 bronchi, 281 in man and animals, 165 larynx, 271 lung, 167-173, 270-275 palate, 271 trachea, 271 History of smoking-health problem, 5-7 Humectants (T, TS), 51, 52, 62 Hydrocarbons, aliphatlc (T, TS), 51 37 Hydrocarbons, polycycllc (TS), 51, 142-144, 146-148 and carcinogenesis, 55-58, 166 and cocarcinogenesis, 58 and experimental lung ccncer, 166 and man, 146-148 and stomach cancer, 228 Hydrogen (TS), 60 Hydrogen cyanide (TS), 60, 61, 265, 266~ 268 and ciliary activity, 61, 268 and enzyme poisoning, 60 Hydrogen sul£1de (T$), 60 Hydroperoxldes (TS), 52, 58 Hydroqulnone (TS), 54 Hydroxy cotlnlne, 72 Hydroxy nicotine 72 llyperchromatlsm, 168 Hyperke~a teals, 270-275 Hyperplasia, 34, 35, 167-173, 203, 270 Hypertension, 102-108, 325, 326 Hypertrophy, 270-275 Income and cancer mortality, 133, 134 Infant birth rate and maternal smoking, 39, 343, 344 Xnfecttous disease and smoking, 276, 277

Influenze and lung cancer, IG6 and smoking, I02-I08, 276, 277 Inhalation, 29, 30, 111, 159, 163, 177 and bladder cancer, 219, 222, 224 end esophageal cancer, 218 and laryngeal cancer, 209 and lung cancer, 159, 163, 177, 188 and mortality ratios, 91, 92 and tobacco smoke retention, 263-265 Initiators, 142 Ivtelligence and smoking, 370, 371 Intestinal 6ancer and smoking, 162-108 Introversion and smoking, 365, 366 Ionizing radiation, 142, 143, 145 Irritants -- -:'~:~nd respiratory disease, 295 and tobacco smoke, 51, 60, 61, 73 Isoalkanes (TS), 51 • Isoprene (TS), 49, 51-53 Isoprenold Compounds (T, TS), 49, 51-53 Isopropyl oli and lung cancer, 193 Keratosls and oral cancer, 203, 271 Ketones (T, TS), 52, 53, 60 Khat and pseudoephedrine, 349 Kidney cancer and smoking, 102-108, 149 38 Lacto1~cs (T, TS) ~ud carci.vogcncsis, Laryngeal cancer and alcohol, 205, 210, 211 and carcinogens, 210 and constitutional hypothesis, 192 and ethnic group, 134, 135 and geograplly, 133 and income, 133, 134 and Inhalation, 209 and occupation, 134 and rac~, 209 and sex, 133, 209, 211,.212 and smoking, 37, 102-108, 149, 188, 189, 192, 205-212, 233, 234 extrinsic vs. intrinsic, 211, 212 in different countries, 130, 131 prospective studies, 209, 210 retrospective studies, 205-209 au~ary, 233, 234 urban vs. rural, 133 Laryngitis, 275, 276 Lead arsenate, 61 Leukoplakla, 142 and oral cancer, 203, 204 Licorice, 62 Lip cancer, 32, 197, 202 and chewing, 197, 202 and smoking, 32, 188, 197, 204 and snuff, 197, 202 Lobellne and tobacco taste, 354 Localization of cancer and type of smoking, 188, 189 Lung cancer and age started smoking, 158 and amount of tobacco s~oked, 155-158, 163 and constltut~onal hypo~hesls, 190-193 and duration of smoking, 158 and ethnic group, 134, 135 and geography, 133 and income, 133, 134 and inhalation, 159, 163, 188 and ogcupatlon, 134

39 eaucer (toni and previous respiratory £nfection, 195, 196 and sex, 133, 155, 157-159, 161, 177-179, 185, 186, 191 and socioeconomic differences, 186, 187 and smoking, 31, 37, 149-196, 229-233 and type of tobacco used, 155 deaths in 1930, 1950, 1955, and 1962, 25 diagnosis, 139-141 dose-response relationship, 163, 187, 188 experimental, 165-167 histological type, 33-35, 160, 173-175 in different countries, 130, 131, 194, 195 in nonsmokers, 156, 157, 184, 194, 195 increased incidence, 25, 185 'pfospective studies, 161-196 retrospective studies, 150-161 sex disparity, 133, 155, 157-159, 177-179, 185, 186 urban-rural differences, 133, 186 Lung cancer-omoking association, 175-189 coherence, 185 consistency, 182 evaluation, 175-189 human experimentation, 175 indirect measurement, 175-179 specificity, 183-185 strength, 182, 183 surra~ry, 229-233 temporal relationship, 185 tobacco consumption, 175-177 Lymphatics and smoking, 270 Malathion, 62, 145 Harlhuana and cannibinol, 349 Marital status and smoking, 364 Hascu]inlty ~,nd smoking, 383, 384 Haternity and smoking, 39, 343, 344 1,8-p-Henthadiene (TS), 51 Menthol, 62 Mesomorphs, 383 Metals (TS), 55 Metaplasla, 165, 270-275 Methane (TS), 60 Methanol (TS), 60 Methyl chloride (TS), 60 Methyl ethyl ketone (T$), ~3, 60 Methylglycerol (T, T$), 62 Methylglyoxal (T$), 62 Methyl nitrite (TS), 60 Metrazol, 352 Mineral oil carcinogenesis, 147 Morbidity, cancer~ 127, 129 Morphine, 349 Morphological constitution and smoking, . 39, 385, 386 Mor ta 1 i ty age specific and lung cancer, 136-139 and cancer, 127, 128, 130-133 and smoking, 35-37 o ~ by cause of death, I01-I05 ~ cancer, different countries, 129 ~ excess, by cause, 108 ~1 laryngeal cancer, different m countries, 130, 131 ~ l~ng cancer, 192 lung cancer, different countries, 130, 131 oral cencer, different countries, 130, 131

• " 40 Nor tality (coat'd) pulmonary fibrosis, 277 stomach cancer, different countries, 130, 131 total, cigar smokers, 112 total, cigarette smokers, 108-112 total, pipe smokers, 112 trends, 135, 136 Mortality ratio and age, 87-89 and amount smoked, 85-87 an~ bronchitis and em~,ysema, 28, 29, 102-109 and cigar smoking, 85-87, 107, 112 and cigarette smoking, 101-107 and city size, 99, 100 and coronary heart disease, 29, 30, 102-109, 323 and duration of smoking, 90-91 and esophageal cancer, 29, 102-109 and ex-smoking, 92, 93 and inhalation, 91, 92 and laryngeal cancer, 29, 102-108 and lung cancer, 28, 29, 102-109 and oral cancer, 29, 102-109 and peptic ulcer, 29, 102-109 and pipe smoking, 85-87, 107, 112 definition, 28, 84 stability, 117-120 Mouth hygiene and oral cancer, 204 Mucus secretion, 270-275, 295, 318 Mustard gas and lung cancer, 195, 196 Myocardial infarction, 321-325 Myosmine (T, TS), 49 Naphthols (TS), 54 Nephritis and smoking, 102"108 Nerve cells and nicotine (T, TS), 69 Neuroticism and smoking, 190, 36{,, 367 Nickel (T, TS), 55 and lung c,~cer, ]66, 167, 194 N~ckel carbonyl, 166, 167 Nickel chloride (TS), 55 Nicotine absorption, 74 and acetylcholine, 69 and amph~tamlne, 71 and animals, 32, 73, 31~-320, 353 and antldluretlc horn,one, 320 and atherosclerosls, 319 and carbon monoxide (T$), 70 and carcinogenesis, 14~ and cardiovascular disease, 317, 327 and central nervous system, 69, 70 and chewing tobacco, 73, /4, 3~9 and ciliary activity, 268, 318 and cocarcinogenesis, 144 and convulslons, 70 and cough, 289 and emesis, 70 and epinephrine, 69, 318 • and mucus secretion, 318 and nausea, 70, 71 and norepinephrine, 318 and renal effects, 320 and serum cholesterol, 319 and serum phospho!iplds, 319 and snuff, 73, 349 and sputum, 289 and tobacco, 49, 349 and tobacco smoke, 32, 94, 62 and trlglycerides, 319 hydreperoxide, 72 metabolism, 71, 72 pharmacology, 69-75, 317-320, 349, 350, 352, 353 pyrolysis, 59 stability, 71 tolerance, 352, 353 toxicity, 69-75 Nicotlan~, name. derivatlon, 49 Nitric oxide, (TS), 266

41 Nitrogen (TS), 60, 62 Nitrogen dioxide (T$), 60, 266 and ciliary activity, 268 and respiratory disease, 295 Nitrogen oxides (TS), 60, 266, 296, 297 and air pollution, 296, 297 and irritation, 73, 296, 297 Nonsmokers at,/ lung cancer, 156, 157, 184, 191, 194, 195 Nornicotine (~, TS), 49, 54 ~utrltional status and amblyopia, 341 and cirrhosis, 342, 343 and laryngeal cancer, 211 and lung cancer, 196 and oral cancer, 204 Occupa tion and cancer mortality, 134 and coronary heart disease, 321, 322 and respiratory disease, 298-300 Occupational factors vs. smoking, 298- 300, 362, 363 Occupational hazards, 193, 194 Opium and morphine, 349 Oral cancer, 196-205 and betel nuts, 197 and constitutional hypothesis, 192 and ethnic groups, 134, 135 and geography, 133 and income, 133, 134 and occupation, 134 and sex, 133, 202 and smoking, 37, 102-108, 149, 189, 233 in different countries, 130, 131 pathology, 203 prospective studies, 202 retrospective studies, summary, 37, 233 urban vs. rural, 133 Oral hypothesis of s~oking, 367, 368 Oxygen (TS), 60 Ozone and ci}iary activity, 2V8, 295 and respiratory disease, 295, 296 Paraffin cancer, 147, 148 Parasorbic acid ]sctone, 145 Parathion, 62 Parents and smoking habits, 36g-370 Paris green, 61 Pathologlcal studies, 27, 54, 35, 167-173, 270-275 Patulln, 145 Pectins (T), 49 Penlcillic acid, 145 Peptic ulcer, 39, 337-341 1,8,9-Perlnaphthoxanthene (TS), 54 Peripheral blood ~1ow and smoking, 318 ..... Personality and smoking, 365-368 Pesticides, 61, 62 and carcinogcnesls, 145 Phagocytes and phagocytosls, 35, 267-270, 300 Pharyngeal cancer, 102-108, 201, 202, 204 Pharyngitis, 276 Phenanthrene (TS), 55 Phenols (T, IS), 49, 51, 5¢, 58, 59, 61, 266 and ciliary activity, 61 and cocarcinogenesls, 58, 61 Physique and smoking, 383

Phyt~divne (T, TS), 52 I'hytadieae hydroperoxide, 52 Phytol (T, YS), 52 Picoliue (TS), 59 Pigmentation and emphysema, 277-274 Pipe smoke composition, 57, 58 PIpe ~mokers, 87, 94, I07, 112, 192 death rate, 30 Pipe tobacco cons~mptlon, U. 5.,.26, 45, 46 .. Pitch carcinogenesis, 1~7 Plastic carcinogenesis, 142 Platelet count and smoking, 319 Pneumoconiosls, 290, 298 Pneumonia and lung cancer, 195, 196 and smoking, 102-108, 276 mortality, 277 Polonium-210 (TS), 145 Polyphenols (T, TS), 54 Positive ions (TS) and ciliary activity, 268 Potassium (T, TS), 55 Potassium-40 (T, TS), 145 Precancerous conditions, 142, 167-173, 270-275 Premature births and maternal smoking, 343, 344 Previous respiratory infection and lung c~ncer, 195, 196 Printing ink and lunB cancer, 193 Progression and cancer, ]-"=2, 14'3 Promoters: see cocarclno~cns and cocar c inogene s£s Propane (T$), 60 ~-Propiolactone, 145 Propionaldehyde (TS), 52 Propylene (TS) pyrolysis, 59, 60 Prospective studies bladder cancer, 222, 223 bronchitis, 293, 294 coronary heart disease, 322-325 emphysema, 293, 294 esophageal cancer, 217 laryngeal cancer, 209, 210 lung cancer, 161-196 oral cancer, 202 stomach cancer, 229 Prostate cancer and smoking, 149 Proteins (T), 49 Protoanemonln, methyl-, 145 Pseudoephedrlne~ 349 Psychoanalytical theory of s~aoklng, 367, 368' Psychosoclal aspect of smoking, 40, 360-379 Psychosocial factor and card~ovescular disease, 32.7 Psychosomatic disorders and smoking, 367 -" Pulmonary fibrosis, 274, 275, 277 Pulmonary parenchyma and smoke retention, 264, 265, 272, 274 Pyrene (TS), 58 and furnace black, 147 from sterol pyrolysis, 6~

43 Pyridine (TS), 54 pyrolys~ s, 59 Pyruvic acid (TS), 53 Rhinitis, 275, 276 Risk, relative, 160, 161, 183, 189 Rpm, 62 Quantity smoked, 85, 98, 155, 156 Rural-urban areas and smoking, 99-101, ~33, 194, 195, 225, 364 Quassla and tobacco taste, 354 Rutin (T, TS), 54 Quinine and tobacco taste, 354 Quinoline (TS), 54 Saliva and or~l cancer, 202, 203 Race and smoking, 363, 364 Radiation, ionizing, and cancer, 142, 143 Scopoletln: _see coumarln, 7-hydroxy-6- me th oxy - Scrotal cancer, 147 Sebaceous gland suppression test, 143 Radium (TS), 145 Selection bias, 180-182 Radon (TS), 145 Rectal cancer and smoking, I02-I08 .References, 46, 63-65, 75, 76, 120, 235"257, 302"313, 328-333, 340- 345, 356-358, 377"379 Serum cholesterol and smoking, 190, 326, 327 Seventh Day Adventists, 155 ~ ~ Sevin (TS), 62 Sex and smoking, 363 Religion and smoking, 364 I~ Resorclnol (TS), 54 Respiratory infection and lung cancer, 195, 196 Respiratory symptoms and amount smoked, 289 hnd smoking, 288, 289 and type of smoking, 289 Sex disparity and Inng cancer, 133, 155, 157-159, 177-179, 185, 156 Sex rates and cancer mortality, 133 and lung cancer, 133, 140, 155, 157-159, 161, 177-179, 185, 186 Slllcosis, 29? Silver nitrate and tobacco taste, Retrospective studies bladder cancer, 219-222 coronary heart disease, 322, 323 esophageal cancer, 212-217 laryngeal cancer, 205-209 lung cancer, 150-161 oral cancer, 196-202 peptic ulcer, 338, 339 pharyngeal cancer, 201, 202 stomach cancer, 225-228 ~-Sltosterol (¢, TS), 52 ~-Sltosterol (T, TS), 52 Skin cancer and man, I~6, 147 : Smoker, characteristics, 326, 327, 361-377 Smoker's cough, 280-283

44 Smoking, beneficial effects, 32, 355, 356 Smoking habit age at start, 361, 362, 368-374 and achievement, 370, 371 and education, 363 and extroversion, 365, 366 and intelligence, 370, 371 and introversion, 365, and marital status, and neuroticlsm, 366, 367 and parents' smoking habits, 369, 370 and psychoanalytic theory, 367, and psychosomatic ~mnifestat~on, 367 and race, 363, 364 and rebellion, 373 and religion, 364 and sex, 363 and socioeconomic status, 368 and status-seeking, 372, 373 and stress, 373, 374 ~enefictal effects, 32, 355, 356 discontinuation, 374-376 rural vs. urban, 364 Socioeconomic status and lung cancer, 186, 187 and smoking, 368 Sodium (T, ~S), 55 Solanesol (T, TS), 52, 53 pyrolysis, 53 • Soot carcinogenesis, 147 Specificity bladder cancer - smoking association, 225 laryngeal cancer - smoking association, 210 lung cancer-smoking association, 183-185 oral cancer-smoking associatfon~ 204 Sputum and smoking, 283-286 Squalene (TS), 51, 52 Squalene hydropcroxidc, 52 Starch (T), 49 Statistical significance~ definition, 86 Statistlcal studies~ prospective, 27-29, 81-120, 161-165 and mortality ratio stability, 98,'99 and non-response bias, 96-98 and smoking history, 98 and study population, 94-96 Statistical studies, retzospectlve, 27, 28, 150-161 and relative risk, 160, 161 Status-seeking and smoking, 372, 373 Sterols (Z, TS), 49, 52 Stlgmasterol (T, ~S), 52, 59 pyrolysis, 59, 60 Stomach cancer and carcinogenesis, 228 and ethnic group, 134, 135 and geography, 133 and income, 133, 134 a~d occupation, 134 and smoking, 38, !02-IOS, 225-229, 235 in different countries, 130, 131 prospective studies, 229 retrospective studies, 225-228 summary, 235 urban vs. rural, 133 Stomach ulcer and smoking, 102-108 Stomatitis nlcotlna - 271, 275 Strength bladder cancer-smoking association, 225 lung cancer-smoking a~sociatlon, 182, 183 oral caucer-smoking association, 204

Stress and smoking, 373 Strontium-90, I~6 Sugars (T, TS), 49, 62 Suicides and smoklng,102-108 Sulfur dioxide a.d ciliary activity, 268, 295 and mucus secretion, 268, 269 and respiratory disease, 295 Synergism, 59, 145, 185 Tar: Pe~. total solids TDE (T, TS), 62, 145 Tea and caffeine, 3~9, 351 Temperature, burning zone, 50 Tension and smoking, 373 Terpenes (T, TS), 51-53, 62 Theobromlne, 352 T~iocyanate blood ]eve~, 266 Thorium, Thoron, 145 Thromboanglltls obliterans: Buerger's disease Tobacco beneficial effects, 32, 355, 356 chemistry, 49 composition, 49-58 consumption, different countries, 175-177 consumption, g. S. ^., 45, 46 habit, 32, 34, 349-370 use, increase, 25, 26 Tobacco smoke and carcinoge.esis, 143, 192 and ciliary activity, 33, 35, 61, 62, 265-263, 295 and cocarclnogenesls, 142 and skin carcinogenesis, 143, 144 and subcutaneous tissue carclnogenesis~ 144 c]earance mechanism, 267 composition, 50-62, 263 deposition in lung, 265 metabolism, 265-267 particle size, 50, 263,. 265 Tobacco smoke retention~ 263-265, 270, 350 and inhalation, 263-265 and lymphatics, 270 gas phase, 265 in bronchi and lung, 26~, 265 in mouth, 264 in trachea, 265, 265 particulate phase, ~64) 265 Tobacco taste, modification, 354 Tokyo-Yokaham~ asthma, 276 Toluene (TS), 55, 59 Tongue cancer, 189, 202 Total solids, cigarette smohe, 50 Trachcobronchial tree, epithelial changes and age, 173 and ex-smoklng, 170-173, 189 and previous resplracory disease, 173 and sex, 170 and smoking, ].67-173, 189, 270-275, 300, 301 in bronch£, 271 in larynx, 271 in lung, 167-173, 270-275 in man vs. anlmal, 165 In palate, 271 in trachea, 271 Tuberculosis and smoking,. 277 ~wlns and smoking habits, 1.90, 191

~ ~, n 46 Ulcers, 39, 102, 103, 337-341 Uranium, 193 Urban-rural differences bladder, 225 cancer mortality, 133 'deaths, 99-101 lung cancer, 194, 195 sex disparity, 175-177 smoking habits, 364 Urethane, 143, Urinary bladder cancer: bladder cancer Vanillln, 62 Ventilatory function and smoking, 289-293 viruses and cancer, I~2, 166 and lung cancer, 166 War gases and lung cancer, 195, 196 Xanthenes (T), 54