Bliley PM
RE: Joint Meeting on ETS - London, England
Abstract
Provides report on the Industry Interface Meeting on ETS. Notes discussion topics: "(1) national and international activities and attitudes, (2) industry research and objectives, and (3) scientific information and media objectives and activities."
Fields
- Company
- Philip Morris Cos., Inc.
- Type
- Memorandum
- Named Person
- Adlkofer, Franz (VDC Research Director)Argued in a 1988 joint meeting of the worldwide tobacco companies that the industry should stop developing "marketable science" for use in public relations to fight the secondhand smoke issue and instead should establish a safe threshold for exposure to secondhand smoke. (Bates No. 2021548222/8235)
- Boyce
- Dunn, William L., Jr. (PM Smoker Psychology Principal Scientist 1970s-80s)
Principal scientist at PM during the 1970s and 1980s, nicknamed the "Nicotine Kid." Supervised Victor DeNoble, Paul Mele, Carolyn Levy and others. Led "smoker psychology" programs for PM.- Gaisch, Helmut W. (PM Europe Science & Technology President)
Director and Principal Scientist, Tobacco Science and Technology, Fabriques De Tabac Reunite, S.A., (1987). Helmut Gaisch was an attendee at Philip Morris's 1987 Operation Downunder Conference, held to determine a new strategy the company could take on the issue of ETS. (PM's "Accommodation" strategy was borne from this conference). Gaisch worked to thwart ETS regulations in Europe using data from INBIFO. He was a Philip Morris European scientist, Head of Laboratories, FTR/Philip Morris Europe. Member to Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC), 1987.- Hanschler, Dr.
- Hoel, Donald K. (CTR Industry Research Committee & PM Attorney, Shook Hardy)
Donald Hoel was an attorney with Philip Morris' law firm Shook Hardy and Bacon (SHB). He served as a member of the CTR Industry Research Committee in 1978?. Hoel assisted in screening "apppropriate" projects to received CTR funding.- *Holcomb, Larry (use Holcomb, Lawrence C.) (Tobacco industry air quality consultant)
Indoor air quality consultant used to criticize EPA and OSHA. Proposed consultants to comment on Federal OSHA proposal on workplace smoking.- Ichinose, Dr.
- Klus, Hubert (VDC scientist)
1993 Scientist at Verband der Cigaretten- Lee, Peter N. (TAC Biostatistician)
Frequently funded by the tobacco industry to criticize and discount published and epidemiological studies that linked between tobacco smoking and health damage.- Lehnert, Dr.
- Lyons, John (TI Issue Analyst, c. 1988)
- Mackay, Judith (Director, Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control, Hong Kong)
- Nelmes, Andrew J. (Gallaher, Industry Affairs Manager, Corp. Affairs)
1995 Northern Ireland- Oldaker, Guy B., III (CIAR/RJR ETS, Field Studies, Acting Executive Director of th)
1988 PASS Briefcase and ETS Field Studies- Osdene, Thomas Stefan, Ph.D. (Director of Science and Technology, Philip Morris [1986])
Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry. Ten years of research when he started with PM in 1965. Worked in Chemical Research Division of PM 1965-66; Chemical and Biological Research Division 1966-69; Director of Research 1969-1984, also assumed independent position as Director of Research and Extramural Studies during these years; became Director of Science and Technology in 1984, reporting directly to Philip Morris USA Executive VP Mark Serrano. Involved with Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) 1988. Attended PM's Operation Downunder Conference in June, 1987. Retired 1993.- Pottorff, Mary
- Reif, Helmut E. (PM Europe Science & Tech. Director, 1980s)
Helmut Reif was Director of Science and Technology for FTR. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996)- Rupp, John P. (TI Communication Committee, Covington & Burling lawyer)
TI Communication Committee- Stuhl, Oskar (RJR Germany)
- Thorton, Dr.
- Turner, C.
- Uberla
- Ward [Root], Mary Elizabeth, J.D. (RJR, Associate General Counsel)
Mary Ward was Associate General Counsel for R.J. Reynolds. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996)- Westcott
- Wynder, Ernst L., M.D. (Epidemiologist, Sloan Kettering, Anti-Tobacco Expert)
1993 First scientist to report in 1950 on the carginocencity of cigarettes in rats painted with tar. Assistant at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research Directed the American Health Foundation (AHF) from 1984 to his death in 1998. - Boyce
- Named Organization
- Airline Stewardesses Association
- ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)
Action on Smoking and Health- Austria Tabakwerke AG
- Austrian Health Minister
- B.A.T. Industries PLC (BAT)
British American Tobacco Industry, parent company of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co. in the U.S.- Candian Parliament
- Candian Tobacco Manufacturers Committee
- Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) (Industry formed/funded air research organization)
Nonprofit organization funded by the tobacco industry. CIAR was formed in March 1988 by tobacco companies "to sponsor "high-quality research on indoor air issues and to facilitate communication of research findings to the broad scientific community."- Covington & Burling (Tobacco Industry law firm)
Tobacco industry law firm. Was involved in organizing the Whitecoat Project.- #13941 (CTMC)
- Department of Health and Social Services (British governmental dept.)
- Department of Transportation
- EEC (European Economic Community)
European Economic Community- Environemtal Technology Letters
- Environment International
- *EPA ( use United States Environmental Protection Agency)
- Frequent Flyer Magazine
- Gallaher Limited/Gallaher Tobacco Limited (Irish tobacco co controlled by American Brands)
Sells Benson & Hedges, Silk Cured and Berkeley cigarettes in the U.K. in 1991- German Indoor Air Symposium
- German Society on Maximum Threshold Limits in the Workplace
- Health Education Authority of DHSS
- Imperial College Conference on Indoor and Ambient Air Quality
- Imperial Group Limited (Has a 1982 patent on an alternative nicotine delivery system)
Has a 1982 patent on an alternative nicotine delivery system- Independent Scientific Committee
- JAL
- JTI (Japan Tobacco Inc.)
Japan Tobacco Inc.- Kyoto Senbai Hospital
- Lorillard Tobacco Co. (American cigarette manufacturer)
American cigarette manufacturer; makes Kent, MaxSatin, Newport, Old Gold, Style, and True cigarettes.- Lufthansa
- Ministry of Education
- Ministry of Health and Welfare
- National Academy of Sciences
- NMAs
- Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. (Cigarette manufacturer, incorporated in U.S. in 1902)
Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.., was incorporated in New York in April of 1902; half the shares were held by the parent company in London, and the balance by its U.S. distributor and his American associate. Its overall sales in 1903, its first full year of U.S. operation, were a modest seven million cigarettes. Among the brand offered, besides Philip Morris, were Blues, Cambridge, Derby, and a ladies favorite name for the London street where the home companies factory was located - Marlborough.- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral))
Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral)- SAS
- Sixth World Conference on Smoking and Health
- Smoker's Freedom Society
- Smoking Research Foundation
- St. James Court Hotel, London
- Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service (U.S. Federal government public health advocate)
The U.S. Surgeon General's office has found since 1964 that tobacco use causes disease in humans.- Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) (International industry advisory council)
Tobacco Advisory Council- Tobacco Institute (Industry Trade Association)
The purpose of the Institute was to defeat legislation unfavorable to the industry, put a positive spin on the tobacco industry, bolster the industry's credibility with legislators and the public, and help maintain the controversy over "the primary issue" (the health issue).- Tokyo Bar Association
- Verband der Cigaretten Industry (Trade organization for the German tobacco industry)
NMA (National Manufacturers Organization) for Germany- West German Health Ministry
- World Health Organization (Concerned with global public health)
International organization concered with public health worldwide - ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)
- Region
- Canada
- France
- Germany
- Hong Kong
- Japan
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- West Germany
- France
- Keyword
- Carbon monoxide
- Causal
- Cotinine
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETS
- Europe Against Cancer
- Surgeon General's Report
- Ventilation
- Smoking and Health
- Causal
- Thesaurus Term
- adverse effects
- anti-smoking advocacy
- indoor air quality
- industry sponsored research
- legal activity
- secondhand smoke
- smoking restriction
- tobacco industry internal policy
- tobacco industry structure
- mass media
- anti-smoking advocacy
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To provide information on how to diffuse conflicts
between smokers and non-smokers.
These strategies are being implemented through a number of TI
programs and have met with varying degrees of success. Mr. Lyons
closed by focusing on the role of CIAR and the need for additional
research in the ETS area. He expressed the Institute's desire for
a closer relationship between science and public relations so that
"the public gets the message."
B. UNITED KINGDOM
According to Dr. Thornton of BAT, there is a shortage
of science on the ETS issue in the United Kingdom, and the science
that does exist is drawing a hostile response. ETS conferences
may help rectify this situation, but only if the proper "mix of
people" attend and present research. Dr. Thornton also called for
more toxicological research on ETS.
Dr. Thornton emphasized the importance of communication.
He called for a greater interface between scientific and public
relations personnel in order to effectively communicate with
government officials, scientists, and the general public. He also
suggested that the industry focus more resources on the media, in
order to influence public opinion. This may be achieved by one-
on-one meetings with journalists, particularly those journalists
who oppose smoking or are unfriendly toward the industry.
The second U.K. representative, Clive Turner of the TAC,
painted a bleak picture of public relations efforts on the ETS
issue in the United Kingdom. According to Turner, the science, as
it exists presently, is being overcome by the public's negative
"perceptions" of ETS. The media has fostered this perception
through selective news reporting that emphasizes the ISC Fourth
Report's ETS findings to the virtual exclusion of all other issues
covered by that report. Anti-smoking groups and the government,
which also selectively rely on portions of the ISC Fourth Report,
have published advertisements overstating the risks allegedly
associated with ETS exposure. The TAC has responded to this
situation with dozens of letters aimed at correcting misimpres-
sions created by selective reporting of the ISC report.
Mr. Turner also lamented the negative public perception
of the tobacco industry. The UK media is portraying the tobacco
industry as "a dirty business." At the same time, ASH, backed by
public opinion, is making strong claims against smoking. The media
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grants access to this group because it is perceived to hold the
"moral high ground."
TAC has employed a number of approaches in an attempt to
change public opinion on ETS. Although both the "courtesy" and
"freedom of choice" approaches have been unsuccessful, focusing on
the extremism of anti-smokers has met with some success.
Nevertheless, Turner reiterated the need for "communicable science,"
which, in response to Dr. Adlkofer, he defined as "saying in a
sentence what scientists write books about." Although Dr. Adlkofer
appeared to agree with Turner, he refused to endorse a situation
in which scientific research is guided by public relations needs.
In response to Turner|s remarks, Mr. Westcott recommended that
public relations should focus on policy makers as well as the
general public because policy makers often act contrary to public
opinion.
Dr. Adlkofer deviated from the agenda and discussed the
direction of ETS research. According to Adlkofer, analytlcal
breakthroughs are unlikely in the ETS area if research continues
on its present course. Conventional epidemiology has provided
few benefits to the industry. A focus is now needed on "modern
epidemiology" and human exposure studies, as well as further
exploration of the alleged mechanisms of effect. He also called
for the identification of a threshold level for risk. Dr. Adlkofer
indicated that this approach has already been adopted in Germany.
Dr. Adlkofer's suggestion created widespread disagreement
among the meeting's participants. Mr. Westcott stated that setting
a threshold is dangerous because it provides ~ p/~ proof of
causation for anti-smoking advocates. Mr. Rupp agreed, stating
that an acceptable threshold for ETS may nevertheless indict active
smoking. Rupp then engaged in a defense of existing scientific
undertakings. He noted that epidemiological evidence is necessary
if for no other reason than to effectively respond to anti-smoking
groups, which are still engaged in epidemiological research.
Furthermore, the industry has not yet adequately dealt with
Hirayama's study. Also, Rupp defended .studies monitoring air
quality because they allow the industry to counter anti-smoking
advocates' outrageously exaggerated figures with real-world data.
Rupp concluded by expressing the view that the industry should
continue to emphasize the lack of substantive proof of causation.
Mr. Westcott agreed, stating that the risk associated with ETS
exposure is statistically insignificant.
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Dr. Adlkofer agreed with Mr. Rupp that epidemiological
studies should go forward in order to counter arguments by anti-
smoking forces. He disagreed, however, with Rupp's views against
setting a threshold for ETS. According to Adlkofer, science cannot
propel the industry any further on the ETS issue unless it is able
to say that not one person has died from exposure to ETS.
Other views were also expressed on the threshold problem.
Dr. Boyce of BAT stated that the "no threshold" argument automati-
cally indicts active smoking. Dr. Stuhl called on the industry
to dispel the "no threshold/one molecule" theory andthe contention
that animal carcinogens are automatically human carcinogens. Dr.
Osdene suggested that a threshold level could be set, but that the
threshold not be quantified. At this point, Don Hoe1 concluded
the discussion generated by Dr. Adlkofer's comments.
D. CANADA
Mr. Dunn reported that 85-90% of Canadians, smokers and
non-smokers, are not against smoking regulation. As a result, the
CTMC has set the following priorities: (1) to underwrite the
Smokers' Freedom Society, a group that publicly represents smokers'
interests and is separate from the tobacco industry; (2) to develop
labor group defenses to smoking regulations; (3) to address
amendments to the Canadian Labor Code; (4) to provide informational
materials for private employers; and (5) to develop and strengthen
the "Indoor Air Quality Center."
E. JAPAN
Dr. Ichinose reported the Japanese view that both the
public and the medical profession must be better informed on ETS
research. In providing this information, the industry must be
inconspicuous. Otherwise, he argued, the public will suspect the
authenticity of the information. He recommended the use of third
parties to convey the industry's message. Dr. Ichinose also stated
that the first step toward success on the ETS issue is to improve
acceptance of smokers by non-smokers.
IV. FUTURE JOINT MEETINGS ON ETS
Don Hoe1 called for a discussion of whether joint meetings
should be held in the future. Dr. Osdene suggested that the joint
meetings be held less frequently, perhaps every two years, with
smaller groups of scientists meeting in the interim years. Mary
Ward expressed the opinion that future meetings could be beneficial,
but large numbers of participants inhibit meaningful discussion.
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She proposed that Don Hoe1 head a committee to develop a list of
relevant issues and recommend participants who could best address
a given issue in small group discussions. When Don Hoe1 suggested
that the NMAs decide who attends the meetings, Dr. Osdene expressed
concern that such groups should not set a binding course for the
NMAs and research.
The discussion then turned from possible means of improv-
ing future joint meetings to whether such meetings should be held
at a11. Dr. Adlkofer expressed his disappointment that no new
information had been presented at the meeting. Similarly, Dr.
Osdene stated that he was not convinced that future Joint meetings
would be beneficial. Dr. Green of R.J. Reynolds and John Rupp, on
the other hand, expressed the view that Joint meetings could play
a positive role in the development of the industry's ETS strategy.
Division in the industry weakens its response, but joint meetings
help foster a coordinated effort.
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