Bliley PM
RE: Joint Meeting on ETS - London, England
Abstract
Provides report on the Industry Interface Meeting on ETS. Notes discussion topics: "(1) national and international activities and attitudes, (2) industry research and objectives, and (3) scientific information and media objectives and activities."
Fields
- Company
- Philip Morris Cos., Inc.
- Type
- Memorandum
- Named Person
- Adlkofer, Franz (VDC Research Director)Argued in a 1988 joint meeting of the worldwide tobacco companies that the industry should stop developing "marketable science" for use in public relations to fight the secondhand smoke issue and instead should establish a safe threshold for exposure to secondhand smoke. (Bates No. 2021548222/8235)
- Boyce
- Dunn, William L., Jr. (PM Smoker Psychology Principal Scientist 1970s-80s)
Principal scientist at PM during the 1970s and 1980s, nicknamed the "Nicotine Kid." Supervised Victor DeNoble, Paul Mele, Carolyn Levy and others. Led "smoker psychology" programs for PM.- Gaisch, Helmut W. (PM Europe Science & Technology President)
Director and Principal Scientist, Tobacco Science and Technology, Fabriques De Tabac Reunite, S.A., (1987). Helmut Gaisch was an attendee at Philip Morris's 1987 Operation Downunder Conference, held to determine a new strategy the company could take on the issue of ETS. (PM's "Accommodation" strategy was borne from this conference). Gaisch worked to thwart ETS regulations in Europe using data from INBIFO. He was a Philip Morris European scientist, Head of Laboratories, FTR/Philip Morris Europe. Member to Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC), 1987.- Hanschler, Dr.
- Hoel, Donald K. (CTR Industry Research Committee & PM Attorney, Shook Hardy)
Donald Hoel was an attorney with Philip Morris' law firm Shook Hardy and Bacon (SHB). He served as a member of the CTR Industry Research Committee in 1978?. Hoel assisted in screening "apppropriate" projects to received CTR funding.- *Holcomb, Larry (use Holcomb, Lawrence C.) (Tobacco industry air quality consultant)
Indoor air quality consultant used to criticize EPA and OSHA. Proposed consultants to comment on Federal OSHA proposal on workplace smoking.- Ichinose, Dr.
- Klus, Hubert (VDC scientist)
1993 Scientist at Verband der Cigaretten- Lee, Peter N. (TAC Biostatistician)
Frequently funded by the tobacco industry to criticize and discount published and epidemiological studies that linked between tobacco smoking and health damage.- Lehnert, Dr.
- Lyons, John (TI Issue Analyst, c. 1988)
- Mackay, Judith (Director, Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control, Hong Kong)
- Nelmes, Andrew J. (Gallaher, Industry Affairs Manager, Corp. Affairs)
1995 Northern Ireland- Oldaker, Guy B., III (CIAR/RJR ETS, Field Studies, Acting Executive Director of th)
1988 PASS Briefcase and ETS Field Studies- Osdene, Thomas Stefan, Ph.D. (Director of Science and Technology, Philip Morris [1986])
Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry. Ten years of research when he started with PM in 1965. Worked in Chemical Research Division of PM 1965-66; Chemical and Biological Research Division 1966-69; Director of Research 1969-1984, also assumed independent position as Director of Research and Extramural Studies during these years; became Director of Science and Technology in 1984, reporting directly to Philip Morris USA Executive VP Mark Serrano. Involved with Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) 1988. Attended PM's Operation Downunder Conference in June, 1987. Retired 1993.- Pottorff, Mary
- Reif, Helmut (PM Europe Science & Tech. Director, 1980s)
Helmut Reif was Director of Science and Technology for FTR. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996)- Rupp, John P. (TI Communication Committee, Covington & Burling lawyer)
TI Communication Committee- Stuhl, Oskar (RJR Germany)
- Thorton, Dr.
- Turner, C.
- Uberla
- Ward, Mary Elizabeth, J.D. (RJR, Associate General Counsel)
Mary Ward was Associate General Counsel for R.J. Reynolds. (PMI's Introduction to Privilege Log and Glossary of Names, Estate of Burl Butler v. PMI, et al, April 19, 1996)- Westcott
- Wynder, Ernst L., M.D. (Epidemiologist, Sloan Kettering, Anti-Tobacco Expert)
1993 First scientist to report in 1950 on the carginocencity of cigarettes in rats painted with tar. Assistant at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research Directed the American Health Foundation (AHF) from 1984 to his death in 1998. - Boyce
- Named Organization
- Airline Stewardesses Association
- ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)
Action on Smoking and Health- Austria Tabakwerke AG
- Austrian Health Minister
- B.A.T. Industries PLC (BAT)
British American Tobacco Industry, parent company of Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co. in the U.S.- Candian Parliament
- Candian Tobacco Manufacturers Committee
- Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) (Industry formed/funded air research organization)
Nonprofit organization funded by the tobacco industry. CIAR was formed in March 1988 by tobacco companies "to sponsor "high-quality research on indoor air issues and to facilitate communication of research findings to the broad scientific community."- Covington & Burling (Tobacco Industry law firm)
Tobacco industry law firm. Was involved in organizing the Whitecoat Project.- #13941 (CTMC)
- Department of Health and Social Services (British governmental dept.)
- Department of Transportation
- EEC (European Economic Community)
European Economic Community- Environemtal Technology Letters
- Environment International
- *EPA ( use United States Environmental Protection Agency)
- Frequent Flyer Magazine
- Gallaher Limited/Gallaher Tobacco Limited (Irish tobacco co controlled by American Brands)
Sells Benson & Hedges, Silk Cured and Berkeley cigarettes in the U.K. in 1991- German Indoor Air Symposium
- German Society on Maximum Threshold Limits in the Workplace
- Health Education Authority of DHSS
- Imperial College Conference on Indoor and Ambient Air Quality
- Imperial Group Limited (Has a 1982 patent on an alternative nicotine delivery system)
Has a 1982 patent on an alternative nicotine delivery system- Independent Scientific Committee
- JAL
- JTI (Japan Tobacco Inc.)
Japan Tobacco Inc.- Kyoto Senbai Hospital
- Lorillard Tobacco Co. (American cigarette manufacturer)
American cigarette manufacturer; makes Kent, MaxSatin, Newport, Old Gold, Style, and True cigarettes.- Lufthansa
- Ministry of Education
- Ministry of Health and Welfare
- National Academy of Sciences
- NMAs
- Philip Morris & Co. Ltd. (Cigarette manufacturer, incorporated in U.S. in 1902)
Philip Morris & Co. Ltd.., was incorporated in New York in April of 1902; half the shares were held by the parent company in London, and the balance by its U.S. distributor and his American associate. Its overall sales in 1903, its first full year of U.S. operation, were a modest seven million cigarettes. Among the brand offered, besides Philip Morris, were Blues, Cambridge, Derby, and a ladies favorite name for the London street where the home companies factory was located - Marlborough.- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. (Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral))
Cigarette manufacturer (Camel, Winston, Doral)- SAS
- Sixth World Conference on Smoking and Health
- Smoker's Freedom Society
- Smoking Research Foundation
- St. James Court Hotel, London
- Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service (U.S. Federal government public health advocate)
The U.S. Surgeon General's office has found since 1964 that tobacco use causes disease in humans.- TAC (Tobacco Advisory Council)
Tobacco Advisory Council- Tobacco Institute (Industry Trade Association)
The purpose of the Institute was to defeat legislation unfavorable to the industry, put a positive spin on the tobacco industry, bolster the industry's credibility with legislators and the public, and help maintain the controversy over "the primary issue" (the health issue).- Tokyo Bar Association
- Verband der Cigaretten Industry (Trade organization for the German tobacco industry)
NMA (National Manufacturers Organization) for Germany- West German Health Ministry
- World Health Organization (Concerned with global public health)
International organization concered with public health worldwide - ASH (Action on Smoking and Health)
- Region
- Canada
- France
- Germany
- Hong Kong
- Japan
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- West Germany
- France
- Keyword
- Carbon monoxide
- Causal
- Cotinine
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETS
- Europe Against Cancer
- Surgeon General's Report
- Ventilation
- Smoking and Health
- Causal
- Thesaurus Term
- adverse effects
- anti-smoking advocacy
- indoor air quality
- industry sponsored research
- legal activity
- secondhand smoke
- smoking restriction
- tobacco industry internal policy
- tobacco industry structure
- mass media
- anti-smoking advocacy
Document Images
PRIVILEGED ~ CONFIDENTIkL
ATTORNEY WORK PRODUCT
MEMORANDUM
DATE:
RE:
JULY 15, 1988
JOINT MEETING ON ETS - LONDON, ENGLAND
The Industry Interface Meeting on ETS (hereinafter "Joint
Meeting") was held on June 17, 1988 at the St. James Court Hotel
in London. A list of participants is attached. The stated
objective of this meeting was "to bring together industry scientists
to discuss scientific research and strategies on ETS and how these
relate globally." Before proceeding to topics listed on the agenda,
Don Hoe1, who chaired "the meeting, requested that those present
assess whether a need for joint meetings exists and suggest possible
improvements for future meetings. Thereafter, the discussions
generally followed the agenda, which was broken down into three
topic areas: (1) national and international activities and
attitudes, (2) industry research and objectives, and (3) scientific
information and media objectives and activities.
I. ~ATIONALAND INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ATTITUDES
A. EEC
Professor Adlkofer of the Verband der Cigarettenindustrie
reported that anti-smoking groups have become increasingly active
in Europe, particularly with regard to ETS. As a result, both
individual countries and the EEC are responding with programs to
.address the ETS issue. For example, the EEC recently launched its
"Europe Against Cancer" program, whlch identifies ETSas a substance
that should be avoided by non-smokers. It was also reported that
the West German Health Ministry is promoting anti-smoking proposals
that include educational campaigns directed toward children and
non-smokers exposed to ETS. The West German Cabinet is expected
to consider these proposals in September.
Because many politicians within the EEC favor legal and
political action to placate anti-smoking advocates, anti-smoking
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activities are expected to continue and increase in intensity.
Both company scientists and independent scientists who disagree
with the U.S. Surgeon General's opinions on ETS are cooperating, but
even more research is essential if the industry is to effectively
counter the activities of anti-smoking advocates in the EEC.
B. UNITED STATES
John Rupp of Covington Burling reported that .the
present tone of the ETS debate in t~e United States Is negative.
This is true because the conclusions of the National Academy of
Sciences and the U.S. Surgeon General are wldely cited in scientific
literature and the popular press. Nevertheless, 1988 has proved
to be a good year from a legislative standpoint. Despite numerous
proposals and hearings, no statewide smoking restrictions and no
municipal restrictions of significance have been adopted.
The most negative occurrence in the U.S. was the two
year ban of smoking on domestic airline flights of two hours or
less. Although many observers expect the ban to be extended beyond
the initial trial period, the industry is already preparing its
plans to challenge the ban's renewal. These plans include a
possible DOT-sponsored study of air quality aboard commercial
airlines.
Other recent political developments have proved to be
less significant than originally expected. In California, where
tobacco smoke was added to the list of carcinogens for which Propo-
sition 65 requires a warning, it now appears that a generic warning
will suffice. As a result, Proposition 65 is not expected to have
a significant impact on the industry. Similarly, the Environmental
Protection Agency's proposed brochures on ETS appear to be more a
threat than a reality. Nevertheless, attempts still are being
made to moderate the EPA's position on ETS.
According to Mr. Rupp, the greatest threat to public
smoking is not leglslation, but rather social attitude. Public
attitudes toward smoking are deteriorating because of .concerns
about ETS that were raised, by the National Academy of Sciences'
and the Surgeon General's reports. Mr. Rupp believes that Center
for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) and Tobacco Institute (TI) programs
may make some headway on this issue, however.
Despite many widely-heralded negative developments on
.ETS, smoking is still permitted in most public places in the U.S.,
and no sweeping federal antl-smoking legislation is expected in
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1988 or 1989. As a result, the present mood of the U.S. industry
on the ETS issue can best be described as "hopeful."
C. JAPAN
Dr. Ichinose, of Japan Tobacco Incorporated (JTI),
speaking through a translator, reported that four government
ministries have become involved with ETS-related issues. The
Ministry of Health and Welfare is planning to issue a medical paper
on smoking and health and is also providing educational materials
and other types of assistance to persuade smokers to quit. The
Ministry of Labor has set up a panel to discuss smoking in the
workplace, and a report is expected soon. The Ministry of Education
is preparing pamphlets on smoking for distribution in primary,
secondary, and senior secondary schools. The Ministry of Finance
is presently studying the impact of changing public attitudes toward
smoking on Japanese industry. In addition to these activities at
the national level, local governments have begun distributing
pamphlets on the alleged hazards of tobacco smoke.
Several scientific conferences on ETS have also been
held in Japan recently. At the Sixth World Conference on Smoking
and Health, participants called for greater governmental action
against smoking. This conclusion, which was widely reported by
the Ministry of Health and Welfare, has assisted anti-smoking
activists in Japan. On the other hand, the International Conference
on Indoor Air Quality held in Tokyo stressed the need for more ETS
research.
Although 85.6% of the Japanese population believe that
smokers and nonsmokers can live together if both groups remain
courteous, proposals for restrictions on smoking continue to be
made. The Tokyo Bar Association, for example, has urged
restrictions on public smoking and an advertising ban. Others are
calling for smoking bans in government buildings and in workplaces
generally. An increasing number of companies are completely banning
smoking on the premises. In a recent study, 40% of companies with
new facilities limited smoking in order to protect office equipment.
of non-smoking seats has increased by 50% since 1984.
Smoking restrictions are being imposed on public
transportation as well. A number of Japanese cities have imposed
smoking bans on subway~ and trains. Also, airlines are increasing_
the number of non-smoklng seats on their fllghts. The total number~
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D. UNITED KINGDOM
In the United Kingdom, Andrew Nelmes of Gallaher Limited
reported that efforts to restrict smoking have been focused on the
workplace and public facilities. Government ministries and
committees have proved to be the most common forum for such
discussions.
The Department of Health and Social Security
example, issues reports on smoking and
Independent Scientific Committee (ISC).
assisted the Committee in preparation of
industry was able to modify the overall
pointing out areas where a lack of data
that the Committee's estimate of risk
objectively presented. The Independent Scientific Committee is now
expected to take a "wait-and-see" attitude toward ETS and evaluate
new studies as they are published. At the same time, however, the
Health Education Authority of DHSS, which informs the public on
health matters and disease prevention, has begun directing its
efforts toward smoking cessation.
(DHSS), for
health prepared by the
Because the industry
its Fourth Report, the
tone of the report by
exists and by ensuring
from ETS exposure was
The Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) is taking steps to
promote the industry's position on ETS. For example, TAC has
developed a pamphlet entltled "Smoking Policies at Work," which
provides a strategy for settling disputes between smokers and non-
smokers. Also, TAC is promoting the view that ETS is a symptom of
poor ventilation and that laws ensuring adequate ventilation in
the workplace are needed.
In discussions following the UK presentation, the par-
ticipants expressed their mutual frustration over the ETS issue.
Many held the opinion that a coordinated, world-wide response is
needed. Others, believing the ETS issue to be more political than
scientific, questioned whether scientific studies are effective in
attacking the deterioration of public attitudes toward smoking.
E. CANADA
Mr. Dunn of ImperiaI Tobacco Limited, the Canadian
representative, reported that the situation in his country is
"extreme" because many elements of society are calling for ~
restr~ctlons on smoking.. Antl-smokigg forces in Canada are well-
organlzed and are effectlvely employlng information gathered from~
around the world. Also, many health professionals are calllng forK
smoking restrictions. As a result, the Canadian Parliament recently~
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enacted anti-smoking legislation which bans smoking in all federal
and federally-regulated buildings and public transportation,
strengthens rotational warnings, and prohibits cigarette advertising
and promotion. Although this legislation could be challenged in
court, the climate in Canada presently reduces the likelihood of
obtaining any lasting relief. In addition to federal action, local
governments, such as the City of Toronto, have adopted strict
smoking bans in the workplace.
The Canadian Tobacco Manufacturers Committee (CTMC) has
established a task force to address smoking bans in the workplace
through a number of means. As in the United Kingdom, CTMC is
advancing the view that ETS is a symptom of inadequate ventilation
in buildings. The Committee is also promoting mutual accommodation
as the best means of settling problems that exist between smokers
and non-smokers. Finally, CTMC is encouraging new scientific
research on ETS and the accumulation of political data to facilitate
effective responses to anti-smoking groups.
F. SVMMARY
Don Hoe1 summarized the first session by noting that
anti-smoking activities are occurring in all of the represented
areas. These activities are not only generated locally, but also
by international organizations such as the World Health Organiza-
tion, which has publicly stated that a causal link between ETS and
human disease has been conclusively establlshed.
II. INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVES
A. EEC
Dr. Klus of Austria Tabakwerke AG reported at some length
about the Austrian Health Ministry's recent conference on ETS.
Twenty-one scientists attended. The Health Minister apparently
had no preconceived conclusions regarding ETS and, as a result,
objectively considered a broad spectrum of information.
Dr. Klus reported that several scientists were able to
successfully challenge the anti-smoking views expressed at the
conference. For example, Professor Adlkofer argued persuasively
that an appreciable ETS-related health risk was unlikely given the
presence of other environmental risks. Dr. Lehnert reportedly~0
refuted the opinion of Dr. Hanschler, who is the head of theGerman
Society on Maximum Threshold Limits in the Workplace, that ETS is~
objectionable at all levels. Dr. Wynder and Dr. Uberla specifically~~
addressed the epidemiologyof ETS, and all but one of the sclentists~
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present agreed that the cause of human disease could not be proved
by the epidemiological evidence.
The conference concluded with the finding that existing
science could neither prove nor disprove that any impairment of
health is caused by ETS. Although a fairly strong position on the
relationship of ETS to health effects in children was adopted, the
conference concluded that ETS problems in the home are best solved
by health education. The media's response to the conference was
generally good. Proceedings of the conference are expected to be
published by the Austrian Health Minister soon.
In addition to the Austrian conference, two other develop-
ments were discussed. First, at the German Indoor Air Symposium
held recently at Essen, the industry presented scientific
information on ETS, and the data appeared to be accepted favorably.
As a result, press reports of the Symposium may have a positive
effect in Germany. Second, Helmut Galsch reported that Philip
Morris has engaged laboratories in France, Germany and Switzerland
to assist the company with indoor air quality testing.
Following the EEC presentation, Professor Adlkofer pro-
vided the participants with his views, and presumably the views
of his colleagues, on the future direction of ETS research. Accord-
ing to Adlkofer, the existing science demands that the industry
recognize that possible health risks from ETS exist because those
risks cannot be disproved. As a result, Adlkofer advocates that
research be focused on determining the threshold level of adverse
effects from environmental tobacco smoke, and that fewer resources
be expended on epidemiological studies.
B. ~ITED KINGDOM
Andrew Nelmes outlined the UK strategy on ETS. That
strategy is made up of three components: (1) challenglngunfounded
reports linking ETS and human disease, (2) placing ETS in the proper
perspective with regard to overall air quality and (3)
disassociating the public's annoyance with ETS from alleged health
effects. By this strategy, TAC hopes (1) to create "marketable"
science, (2) to deflect criticism of ETS, and (3) to place the
industry in the most favorable position posslble. To help achieve
these goals and respond to the ISC's Fourth Report, the TAC produced
"The Clouded Issue", a publicatlon addressing the first two strategy~
points.
TAC is planning to publish additional literature on ETS.~~
"The Clouded Issue II" will advance the vlew that existing science~
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is not dispositive of smoking and health issues. Also, Dr. Peter
Lee is preparing a publication addressing the effect of bias and
misclassification in ETS studies. This book is expected to be
completed in the third quarter of 1988. A third publication will
contain a review of the existing ETS literature. The UK industry
is also considering an extension of its "sick building survey."
Following the UK presentation, Professor Adlkofer ques-
tioned the use of the term "marketable science". Andrew Nelmes
defined this term as unflawed scientific studies whose objectives
are understandable to laymen and are thus useful in public relations
efforts. Professor Adlkofer responded that what Nelmes wanted was
good public relations material, not good science. Dr. Boyce stated
that the industry's primary, focus should remain on developing good
science, and that marketing the results is a secondary considera-
tion. Helmut Gaisch expressed his approval for the principle of
"marketable science", but felt that the term itself had improper
connotations. Adlkofer, who refused to retreat from his original
position, maintained that "real" and "basic" science is essential
if the industry is to prevail on the ETS issue.
C. CANA~
Mr. Dunn reported that the CTMC is working on a number of
fronts to address the ETS issue. CTMC is working with TI to develop
expert witnesses and review ETS literature. The Canadian industry
is also considering the formation of an organization like CIARwith
representatives from the tobacco industry, government, and
manufacturing and educational groups. The purpose of this
organization would be to provide a neutral forum for the devel-
opment of effective responses to indoor air pollution issues. In
response to a question from Dr. Adlkofer, the Canadian representa-
tive affirmed that the organization's focus would be on research.
D. UNITED STATES
Dr. Thomas Osdene of Phillp Morris reported on behalf
of the U.S. industry and outlined the activities of CIAR. .He noted
that although the tobacco industry had been active on ETS issues
in the past, primarily through TI, a change in focus was required.
As a result, Phillp Morris, Lorillard and R.J. Reynolds formed
CIAR to facilitate and support new research on indoor air quality
generally, not just ETS. Likely topics of CIAR-sponsored research
include air quality in airline cabins and in the workplace. In
addition to new research, CIAR oversees ongoing research that was
once the responsibillty of the ETS Advisory Group. CIAR may also
publish a scientific newsletter and/or peer-reviewed journal in
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order to facilitate the dissemination of information obtained.
Dr. Osdene stressed that CIAR's independence will be maintained by
distancing it from the Tobacco Institute and by encouraging
participation by persons outside the industry.
After discussing the role of CIAR, Dr. Osdene offered his
personal observations on the ETS issue. He reaffirmed the opinion
expressed earlier in the discussion that greater consideration
must be given to the role science will play in addressing public
attitudes toward ETS. Although he called for a closer relationship
between scientists and corporate affairs personnel, he disagreed
with the concept of "marketable science."
D. HONG KONG RESTAURANT SURVEY
Don Hoe1 called on Mary Ward of R.J. Reynolds to discuss
the results of a recent survey of fifty-one restaurants in Hong
Kong. The survey found that the levels of ETS were low, and the
results suggest that self-regulation is the best approach to the
ETS problem. The results received much news coverage and have
been submitted to Environment International for publication. Dr.
Judith Mackay, an anti-smoking activist in the Far East, publicly
levelled a variety of criticisms at the study, all of which proved
to be unfounded.
E. INTERNATIONAL TESTING OF AIRLINE CABIN AIR OUALITY
Don Hoe1 called on Mary Pottorff of Philip Morris to
discuss testing of cabin air quality. Ms. Pottorff reported that
data obtained aboard JAL flights were similar to those reported by
Dr. Oldaker of R.J. Reynolds in previously published papers. Ms.
Pottorff also noted that a paper prepared by Larry Holcomb, which
incorporated results from the JALand Lufthansa tests, was recently
published in the conference issue of Environmental Technolouv
Letters. A feature article on the test results is being planned,
and an editor of Freuuent Flyer Maaazine has expressed some in-
terest.
Ms. Pottorff also disclosed that discussions were
underway with SAS to conduct cabin air quality tests in September.
TNO Laboratory will conduct the tests for ETS and issue a report.
Plans are also being made for a toxicologist, perhaps of Scandi,
navian origin, to review the results and express them in layman's
terms. Through this undertaking, the industry hopes to show that
responsible airlines test cabin air quality before taking the
immediate and extreme action of banning smoking on commercial
flights.
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Disclosure of these proposed tests generated several
comments. Dr. Reif, for example, noted that airlines are often
reluctant to test because they know the cause of discomfort is low
humidity. The Airline Stewardesses Association, however, favors
studies of the low-humidity problem. Dr. Reif also insisted that
carbon monoxide be measured. Dr. Stub1 recommended that interna-
tional airline passengers associations which publish newsletters be
contacted in order to generate support and to obtain an outlet for
the results. Helmut Gaisch reiterated the need for published
results of unbiased studies that relate discomfort to non-ETS
factors. John Lyons of the TI stated that the U.S. Government
will soon undertake cabin air quality testing on non-smoking
flights, which should provide baseline information.
G. JAPAN
Dr. Ichinose reported that most of the ETS research in
Japan is being undertaken by JTI and the Smoking Research Founda-
tion. He also reported that the Kyoto Senbai Hospital is studying
the presence of nicotine and cotlnlne in body fluids as markers
for exposure to ETS. A representative of this group presented a
scientific paper at the Imperial College Conference on Indoor and
Ambient Air Quallty. (See "Simultaneous Nicotine and Cotinlne
Levels in Plasma and Urine as an Index of Environmental Smoke
Uptake" by Itani, Higashi and Shimizu). Rather than report on all
the research being undertaken presently in Japan, Dr. Ichinose
provided the group with a written summary of current research
projects.
H. SUMMARY
Don Hoe1 summarized this session by noting that the
reports demonstrated the need for "marketable research," which he
defined as "good science that is communicable to persons who will
benefit from it."
III. SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIONAND MEDIA OBJECTIVES AND
ACTIVITIES
Don Hoe1 introduced this session by reiterating that the
sgientific and publiq affairs elements of the industry must work
t~gether if the ETS issue is to be successfully addressed. Only
_~hrough cooperation can the industry adequately deal with changes
iln public attitude.
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A. UNITED STATES
John Lyons, of the Tobacco Institute, began his presenta-
tion by expressing his approval for the "marketable science"
concept. He then outlined the legislative, legal and public
relations endeavors of the TI. He described these programs as
being merely "holding actions" until science adequately counters
the results of the 1986 Surgeon General's Report. That report has
emboldened anti-smoking activist in the U.S. and has had a marked
effect on the public generally. Presently, 49% of American object
to ETS even if it has no effect on health.
With regard to ETS, the TI has adopted two primary
objectives: (1) to prevent further bans on cigarette smoking and
(2) to change adverse public attitudes toward smoking. To achieve
these goals, TI has adopted a number of strategies that can be
s11mmarized as follows:
(1)
To oppose all legislative, regulatory, judicial and
voluntary efforts that discriminate unfairly against
smokers;
(2)
To encourage scientific research and present research
results, while criticizing inferior research;
(3)
To limit superficial debates regarding ETS, espe-
cially in the press;
(4)
To increase public awareness of indoor air pollution
and the need for better ventilation;
(s)
To demonstrate that the estimated social costs
associated with smoking are incorrect;
(6) To increase awareness of the extremism and zealotry
employed by anti-smoking groups;
(7) To demonstrate that smokers expect and are entitled
to common courtesy from non-smokers;
(8) To promote smokers' rights measures;
(9)
To demonstrate publicly that overreaction to any
annoyance, including smoking, is anti-social; and
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