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4 • '~ L~),.'~ 5 ltK1474046 3, 5 HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO HIGH C0rlCENTPATIONS OF AIFT0[.10TIVE EI'.IISSI0;IS: STUDIES I!l BRIDGE AND TU!I[IEL WORKERS IN NEW YORK CITY ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH 27(3): 168-178; 1973 AYRES, St-I/ EVArlS, R, LICHT, D, GRIESBACH, J, REIMOLD, F, FERRAND, EF, CRISCITIELL0, A/ GOLDSTEI~I, B, GOLDRING, R, BUCHLER, N PP_I, tP~_O.~,S_~: THIS PRELIMINARY REPORT INVESTIGATES THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY EFFECTS OF AUTOMOTIVE AIR POLLUTION IN SMOKING AND NONSMOKING BRIDGE AND TUNNEL WORKERS, ~: RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS~ SMOKING, OCCUPATIONAL.' AND MEDICAL HISTORIES.' BLOOD ANALYSES, ALVEOL.AR CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENTS~ SERUM LEAD CONTENTSj CHEST X-RAYSj ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS, PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS, AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRES WERE COMPLIED FOR 440 BRIDGE AND TUNNEL ~VORKERS IN NEW YORK CITY, AIR CAR=SN HONOXIDE., HYDROCARBONS., OXIDANTS, NITROGEN OXIDES., NITROSEN DIOXIDE, ALDEHYDES.' ACROLEIN,, LEAD., NICKEL.., AND PARTICULATES CONTEI'.~TS WERE F'.O:; : TORED, ~: EXTREMELY HIGH AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION WAS OBSERVED, .CARI3ON MONOXIDE AVERAGED B3 PPM OVER A 30-DAY PERIOD WITH A MAXIMUM HOURLY CONCENTRATI3N OF 217 PPM IN ONE FACILITY, EIGHTY-F:','E PERCENT OF THE SMOKING AND 47% OF THE NONSMOKING TUNNEl. WORKERS ~ CARBOXYHEMOGLCBIN SATURATIONS IN EXCESS OF 3~, A HIGH PER- CE~TAEE CF THE GROUP HAD SYMPTOMS SUGGESTIVE OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS,; AIRWAY RESISTAtlCE WAS ELEVATED IN ONE THIRD AND ALMOST THREE FOURTHS OF ALL BRIDGE A~ID TUN~IEL WORKERS HAD AN INCREASE IN CLOS[NG VOLUMEw SUGGESTI~;~ SMALL AIRWAY DISEASE, RESPIRATORY FUNCTIO~ DID HOT DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY IN SMOKING AND NONS~IOKIICG WORKERS, C'VR 98 COIqG 012I>'

34136 HK1474047 ONE FOURTH OF THE POPULATION STUDIED HAD ABNORMAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAMIS, BUT THE FREQUENCY OF DEFINITE OR POSSIBLE HEART ATTACKS ~IAS NOT GREATER THAN IN THE GENERAL POPULATION, HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS AND HEMATOCRIT READINGS YIERE NORMAL IN MOST HEN, THE 'w~BC WAS GREATER THAN ~0,000/ CU MM IN 19~ OF THE GROUP, ArID WAS CORREL.ATED WITH CARBOXYHE~OGLOBIN CONCENTRATION, "[T]HE DATA INDICATE THAT CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION IS ASSOCIATED VtITH AN INCREASED INCIDENCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES,,,, DISCUSSIOH: "0F GREAT INTEREST IN OUR DATA IS THE OBSERVATION THAT CIGARETTE SMOKING DID NOT APPEAR TO INFLUENCE VENTILATORY FUNCTION,,,,. THUS OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE, BUT NOT CIGARETTE SMOKING, WAS RELATED TO SMALL AIR~AY DISEASE IN THESE SUBJECTS, ALTHOUGH SOMEWHAT SURPRISI~JG IN VIEW OF THE LARGE BODY OF DATA WHICH RELATE CIGARETTE SMOKING TO CHRONIC AIR~AYS OBSTRUCTION~ THE RESULTS PROBABLY REFLECT THE MASSIVE EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION IN THE BRIDGE AND TUNNEL WORKERS, THE EFFECTS OF BOTH CIGARETTE SMOKE AND AIR POLLUTION ARE PRESUMABLY DOSE-RELATED; IN OUR STUDIES THE DOSAGE OF CONTAMINATED AIR EXCEEDED THAT OF CIGARETTE SMOKE, EXP~ASIZI~G THAT AIR POLLUTION AS WELL AS CIGARETTE St.:OKE hIAY LEAD TO C~ONIC AIRWAYS DISEASE,,,, "STUDIES HAVE RECENTLY SHOWN THAT IVBCs ARE HIGHER IN SMOKERS THAN NONSt~OKERS; THE ELEVATIONS IN OUR PATIENTS MAY RELATE.TO THE LARGE NUMBERS 0~ S~OKERS~ AND.THE CORRELATION WITH CAR~OXYHEMOGLOBIN MAY REFLECT CISARETTE SMOKING AS WELL AS AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION," (PRESENTED AT THE AIR POLLUTION MEDICAL RESEARCH COrlFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN ~EDICAL ASSOCIATION, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, OCTOBER 2, 1972,) (PART OF A SERIES: SEE DOCUMENT IIOS, 34127-34142,) /AM/ E:I-R 98 COHG 0121B

34136 HK1474048 ST VINC HOSP, NEW YORK, NY/ ST VINC HOSP, NEW YORK, NY; NEW YORK U SCH ~D, NEW YORK, NY AIR POLLUTION STUDY, OCCUPATIONAL STUDYj CARDIOVASCULAR STUDY, RESPIRATORY FUNCTION STUDY, PRELIMINARY REPORT, THOUSAND, RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AIR POLLUTION ASSOC, RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ASSOC, FIESPIRATOF SYMPTOMS StrOKING ASSOCj RESPIRATORY FUNCTION OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ASSOC, RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AIR POLLUTION ASSOC, RESPIRATORY FUNCTION SMOKING NONASSOC, CIGARETTE SMOKING, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS NONASSOC, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AIR POLLUTION NONASSOC, AIR POLLUTION HEALTH HAZARDS, VEHICULAR AIR POLLUTION/ AIR CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENT, AIR HYDROCARBONS CONTENT, AIR OXIDANTS CONTENT, AIR NITROGEN OXIDES CONTENT, AIR NITROGEN DIOXIDE CONTENT~, AIR ALDEHYDES CONTENT, AIR ACROLEIN CONTENT, AIR LEAD CONTENT, AIR NICKEL CONTENT, AIR PARTICULATE MATTER CONTENT, CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN, HEMOGLOBIN UNCHANGED, HEMATOCRIT UNCHANGED~ LEUKOCYTE COUNT INCREASE CARBON MONOXIDE CAUSATION 1, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS SYMPTOHS, ELECTROCARDIOGRA~ ABNORMALITIES, AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS, BLOOD CARBON MONOXIDE CONTENT, AIRWAY RESISTANCE INCREASE, CLOSING VOLUME INCREASE, AUTOMOBILE EXHAUST~ CIGARETTE SMOKE POSITIVE DOSE RESPONSE, AIR POLLUTION POSITIVE DOSE RESPO~JSE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE AIR POLLUTION CAUSATION Z, CHRONIC CBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE SMOKING CAUSATION i, CIGARETTE S~IOKE CARBO~ MOtlOXIDE, LEUKOCYTE COU~IT INCREASE SMOKI~G CAUSATION 2, URBAN AIR POLLUTION, OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE, AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE DURATION, AIR POLLUTIOt~ CONTROL, SMOKING HISTORY, BLOOD CARBO~: MOHOXIDE INCREASE AIR POLLUTION ASSOC, BLOOD CARBON MONOXIDE INCREASE SMOKING ASSOC~ I~ETHEMOGLOBIN, BLOOD 2 3 DIPHOSPHOGLYCZRATE INCREASE, ~AXI~,!AL ~IDZXPIRATORY FLO~'! RATE DECREASE, ;~AXIMAL EXPIRATORY FLOVI RATE DECREASE, FORCED VITAL CAPACITY DECREASE, FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME DECREASE, RESPIRATORY DISEASE OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS ASSOC, RESPIRATORY DISEASE AIR POLLUTION ASSOC, ERYTHROCYTE COUNT UNCHANGED, ~LOOD LEAD CONTENT, SERUM ALBUMIN DECREASE, SERUM BETA GLOBULIN INCREASE, AIR NITRIC OXIDE CONTENT, CHRONIC BROtlCHITIS ~ORBIDITY, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AIR POLLUTION CAUSATION 1, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS CAUSATION ~, NATA COMPARABILITY, DATA CONCESSION, INTERPRETATION VALIDITY COI'|CESSION/ UK I~ED RES COU~ICIL QUESTIONNAIRE, RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRE, [;lr7 98 COI,IG 01219

34136 HK1474049 OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY, ~IEDICAL HISTORY, CHEST X RAY, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION, RESPIRATORY DISEASE SMOKING CAUSATION 1, LEUKOCYTE COUNT INCREASE SMOKING CAUSATION 1, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DIAGNOSIS, CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE CARBON MONOXIDE CAUSATION 2, ANGINA PECTORIS, SPIROMETRY, BLOOD ANALYSIS, SPUTUM PRODUCTION, COUGH, WHEEZING, DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD CHOLESTEROL CONTENT, BLOOD TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT, CARBON MONOXIDE EXPOSURE DURATION A, HEMATOCRIT INCREASE A, HYPOXIA, AIR SULFUR DIOXIDE DECREASE, AIR PARTICULATE MATTER DECREASE/ ENGLISH LANGUAGE, NEW YORK IIY RESIDENCE, WORCESTER ~SS RESIDENCE, USA RESIDENCE, GRANTOR TRIBOROUGH BRIDGE TUNNEL AUTHORITY, AIR POLLUTION [~D RES CONF, AMER ~]ED ASSN, CHICAGO ILL, [IEW YORK ~JY, BRIDGE WORKERS OCCUPATION, TUNNEL WORKERS OCCUPATION, TOLL COLLECTORS OCCUPATION, Los ANGELES CALIF, HOSPITAL WORKERS OCCUPATION, ~AINTENANCE WORKERS OCCUPATION, US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HOSPITAL PATIENTS~ FIEW YORK CITY DEPT AIR RESOURCES, HAGERSTOWN ['~, POSTAL WORKERS OCCUPATION, TRANSIT WORKERS OCCUPATION, CHEMICAL WORKERS OCCUPATION, USA, ASBESTOS WORKERS OCCUPATION,ScoTT RES LAB, PLUMSTEADVILLE PA, QUEENS flY CIIR 9~ C IZ~.~ I'I G 01220

HK 1474050 PART OF SERIES: DOC II /~33o~V /-}/333~ 3W~-"I - "3Y/'/.1.. Presented at the Air Pollttt|on tfedica] Rese,~rch Conference of the A. H. ^, , Chicago, October 2, 1972. 1° Air Pol!,,ttton Study 4" A~or!;n~ 'tedical t~ssocintlon, Air Pollution Conference Cht cat,o ILL. _o) ETf~ 98 L~.ONG 01221