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i o • ° .~ HKOZ69010 57659 3,7 INFLUENCE OF PASSIVE SMOKING AND PARENTAL PHLEGM ON PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHITIS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD LANCET 2(7888): 1031-i034; 1974 COLLEY, JRTI HOLLAND, WW, CORKHILL, RT PURPOSE: THIS LONGITUDINAL STUDY EXAMINED THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMOKING HABITS OF PARENTS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN THEIR OFFSPRING. METHODS: SMOKING HABITS AND RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRES WERE. ADMINISTERED TO 4298 PARENTS WITHIN 14 DAYS OF THE BIRTH OF THEIR CHILDREN. THE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS REPEATED (BY MAIL) FOR THE FOLLOWING FIVE YEARS~ WITH 97,5Z OF THE FAMILIES PARTICIPATING IN ALL SIX YEARS OF THE STUDY, PARENTS WERE CLASSIFIED AS SMOKERSs NONSMOKERS~ EX- SMDKERS~ OR "SMOKING H.A.BITS CHANGED," EI~ THE INCIDENCE OF PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHITIS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE WAS LOWEST IN INFANTS WITH BOTH PARENTS NONSMOKERS, HIGHEST WHERE BOTH PARENTS SMOKEDs AND IN BETWEEN THESE VALUES WHERE OWN PARENT SMOKED, IN SUBSEQUENT YEARS~ THERE WAS NO CLEAR GRADIENT. AS PARENTAL SMOKING AMOUNT INCREASEDs OR THE PREVALENCE OF SPUTUM PRODUCTION INCREASEDs THE NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF INFANT RESPIRA- TORY DISEASE ROSE CORRESPONDINGLY DURING THE FIRST YEAR WITH THE EFFECT OF PARENTAL RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS PERSISTING THROUGHOUT THE FIRST FIVE YEARS. BIRTH WEIGHT SHOWED A GRADIENT BY PARENTS' INITIAL SMOKING HABIT, AND TO A LESSER EXTENT BY WINTER MORNING SPUTUM PRODUCTIONo THUS PARENTS WHO SMOKED HAD LIGHTER INFANTS THAN PARENTS WHO DID NOT SMOKE, DISCUSSION: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN CTR 98 L.OfIL~ 01012

,i HK0269017 3"/659 PARENTS AND THEIR INFANTS COULD BE A RESULT OF nSHARED GENETIC SUS- CEPTIBILITY TO RESPIRATORY DISEASE BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN, TO LIVING IN THE SAME HOME ENVIRONMENT AND TO CROSS-INFECTION WITHIN THE FAMILY, TWIN STUDIES IN ADULTS HAVE NOT BEEN NOTABLY SUCCESSFUL IN ASSESSING THE GENETIC CONTRIBUTION TO ADULT CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE,,,,THE CONTRIBUTION MADE BY THE OTHER FACTORS TO THIS ASSO- CIATION CAN, AT PRESENTa ONLY BE GUESSED AT, "PASSIVE SMOKING BY THE INFANT, AFTER DIFFERENCES IN BIRTH-WEIGHT AND PARENTAL RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS HAVE BEEN ALLOWED FOR, INCREASES THE RISK TO THE INFANT OF PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHITIS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE,,,, "IN CONTRASTa BETWEEN ONE AND FIVE YEARS OF AGE, THERE DOES NOT AP- PEAR TO BE ANY IMPORTANT EFFECT OF PASSIVE SMOKING IN INCREASING THE RISK OF PNEUMONIA AND BRONCHITIS,o,," /ECH/ LOND SCH HYG TROP MED, LONDON, UK/ ST THOM HOSP MEI) SCH, LONDON, UK FOLLOW UP STUDY, LONGITUDINAL STUDY, PROSPECTIVE STUDYs QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY, MALE FE~IALE DATA, .TEN THOUSAND, CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY DISEASE PARENTAL SMOKING ASSOCj CIGARETTE SMOKINGs NONSMOKERS~ EXSMOKERS, PARENTAL SMOKING HABITS~ INFANT MORBIDITY PASSIVE SMOKING ASSOC~ PASSIVE SMOKING HEALTH EFFECTS, PEDIATRIC CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS MORBIDITY INCREASE~ PNEUMONIA MORBIDITY, SPUTUM PRODUCTION INCREASE/ CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY DISEASE PARENTAL SMOKING CAUSATION 1, CIGARETTE EOUIVALENTS, SMOKING HEALTH HAZARDS~ PARENTAL HEALTH~ BIRTH WEIGHT DECREASE PARENTAL SMOKING ASSOC, RESPIRATORY DISEASE GENETIC FACTORS CAUSATION 2, RESPIRATORY'DISEASE FAMILIAL FACTORS CAUSATION 2, RESPIRATORY DISEASE RESIDENCE FACTORS CAUSATION 2, INFANT INFECTION, CIR 98 CLqHG 01013

HK02690t8 37659 TWIN STUDY CONCESSION, OTHER FACTORS CONCESSIONs RESPIRATORY SYHPTOHS PASSIVE SHOKING CAUSATION 1, RESPIRATORY DISEASE RISK FACTORSs RELATIVE RISK, AGE FACTORSsPOPULATION SAHPLE VALIDITYs RESPIRATORY SYHPTOHS QUESTIONNAIRE VALIDITYs POPULATION SAHRLE SIZE CONCESSIONs POPULATION SAHPLE SIZE VALIDITY~ DATA VALIDITY CONCESSIONs CHILDHOOD RESPIRATORY DISORDERSs RESPIRATORY DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY, CAUSAL VARIABLESs COHPETING RISK FACTORSs SgOKING HABITS CONCESSION, SHOKING HABITS CHANGES, LIVING CONDITIONSs CIGAR SHOKING, TOBACCO SHOKINGs INFANT HORBIDITY PASSIVE SHOKING CAUSATION 1, RESPIRATORY DISEASE PASSIVE SMOKING CAUSATION ls PNEUHONIA SUSCEPTI~ILITYs CHRONIC BRONCHITIS ONSET AGEs INFANT HEALTHs SHOKIHG AHOUNTs FEHALE SMOKING H/LBITSs MATERNAL SHOKING, PATERNAL SHOKING, BIRTH HEIGHT DECREASE His PASSIVE SMOKING AHOUNTs SMOKING RESPIRATORY EFFECTSs CHRONIC BRONCHITIS RISK FACTORSs PNEUHONIA RISK FACTORS~ CHRONIC BRONCHITIS SUSCEPTIBILITYs CIGARETTE SHOKE EXPOSUREs AGE FACTORS CONCESSIONs FAHILY SIZEs SOCIOECONOHIC FACTORSs PASSIVE SHOKING His RESPIRATORY DISEASE HORBIDITY DECREASE HIs DIAGNOSIS ACCURACY/ BIRTH HEIGHT DECREASE HATERNAL SHOKIHG CAUSATION 1, INFANT SURVIVALs INFANT HEIGHT, POPULATION HOBILITYs SHOKING DURATIONs CHRONIC COUGHj VENTILATORY CAPACITY DECREASEs COHORT ANALYSIS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE, AIR POLLUTIONs SHOK1NG DISCONTINUATION HEALTH EFFECTSs RESPIRATORY DISEASE PREVENTION, SEASONAL FACTORSs RESPIRATORY SYHPTOHS QUESTIONNAIRE, SHOKING HABITS QUESTIONNAIRE, MAIL QUESTIONNAIRESs SELF REPORT TECHNIQUES/ ENGLISH LANGUAGEs LONDON RESIDENCE, UK RESIDENCE, GRANTOR UK DEPT HEALTH SOCIAL SECURITYs HARROW UK, PARENTS, INFANTS, CHILDREN CTR 98 EONE 0'10'14