Tobacco Documents Online

03.17/98 TUE 1317 FAX t Autopsy 5tudie:~ ('P~o-ma~igna-nt Cha-nites'} Some researchers ha,,e reported from autapsy studies thal stz~okerl questions as to the relationship of ~uch thegns to hum~ c~er. as mell as whether such chokes ~¢ rela~cd to smok~g. No ~ne h~ demonstrated that ~ch ch~ges progrea~ ~to ~nv~ive e~cers or ~h~t ~e7 ~e ~ e~e~tial ~tep ~ the devalopment cer~ ~dicate that they ¢111 occ~{onally rem~ stable for ye~¢ or ~grc~ ~d di~a~pe~ ent~=ly even ~ithout tr~a~menL~ ~ece~tly a study ~ r~ported a m~re th~ lO-~old decre~e ~ the ]~g~ ~crease ra~h~r th~ a comp~ab~e d~cre~ ~ ~a reported ~c~d~c~ of l~g c~cer, ra~e fgrthe~ ~ue~ions k~ut ~he rel~ Histological r~le~ed to as G~p ~ tumo~ ~o~e ~ho ~o~ ~s thco~ contend ~e~ ~ l~ c~cer~ w~ ~ue to ~ r~e in ~enoc~c~oma~ ~amo~ c~ c~c~oma~ 3ut later ~mc ~tiata (i,e-, ~ua~ua cell ;~c~omt~ bet not Group ~ tumor~ (i-e., adenoc~- numb~ o~ squamous cell c~c~o~as berg report~ L~at ~ges ~ ~e prodacx (i.e., ~e addition of ~lters, etc,) haue been S~geom Gener~'s report, as ~c~ as some other re~¢~r~r~ that t~ reported increase of l~g cancer ~ women not gener~ly a~c~ce~ ~ith

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03/17/88 TUE 1343 i " " 2~) U.S. Department of He~l~h,. Education, an4 :¢elgare,. Th.e Heal:k" Consequences of Smok~Ag: 1@68 Supplement. pp. fl9-i17. 29) U.S- Department" of Heal:h, ~duc~t~on, 'an~ Nelf~re, Smoki~,~n~ Health: ~eport of the Adviso~'Committee ~o ~he SurKeon G=nmral o£ :he Public Hea!~h betas, p.l&l; ig64.

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87. Be.rksea,J. S~oki~g and cancer of the lung. l~la~o Cli~ Proc 367-385; 1960. 00.9,2.7 8B. Berkson, J. Mor~ali~ an~ marital s~tus: Ref!ec~ion~ on'the derivation of e%iolog~ from s~a~is~ics. ~er./ Public Health 5Z 89. Berkb~n, J. Smoking' and~n~ cancer. ~led P:oc lS" 327-~36; !964. ~ferenee to lung cancel J 5o¢ Occup Med 25(I): 2-10: 1975. ~9 ~ 91. Fish,r; R.A. Dangers of cig~re~ze-smokin~ " Bri= ble4 J 21503g]: 297-298; 19~7. 2 92. F~sher, ~.A. Ciggre~tes, can~r,-and s[a~iatics- CenZennial 93. Fi~h~r, R.A. Lung cancer and cigarettes? Na[u're IS2.Cq6Z$) : 108; 1958. ~ ~ TM 94." Fishe~ R.A." Smoking" Tie"Cancer ControverszL ionaon: Oliver 95. RiEdon, R.H. Cigaret:e smoking and lung' cancer: A "- of t~is rs!a£ionship. South~ Mcd J 6Z(Z): Z3Z=Z3~; 1969. 96. Rigdon, R.H. S~atement presented a~ Hearings before [he Committee on inters~a~e and Foreign C6mmerce Hous~ o~ Represcn~ntzvea, Aprll 97. Z~o~Iman, H.M. e~ ~i. , S~a~is~iis in medlca~ research: Principles versus practicos. J Lab Clin ~ei 71<3)" 357-367; 1968.. ' Selzzer, C.C. An evaluation of the ~ffec: of s~oking on corona '} hear[ disease. J~ 203(3): I93-Z00;!96S. /59~ " 99. Yerushalmy, I. On inferring causality from observed associa£ions-. in Controversy in .Internal Hcdicine, ~.J. In~elfin~cr, A.S. ~clman, H., ~n'ian4 (ed~_). ~h~. 5aunder5 Co. ; 1966. pp.

196~; Report tha~ "~atlstical methods cannot es~abllsh 9rcof of a causal relationship in ah association." The .Oyervie~.~ also ignores t)~e obsc~-vation in tho 1964 Re~ort cluslun~. The~ep6rt =onslst~n~ly ignores, when referring to statistical associations, the importan~ scientific prin- ciple ~hat such associa~ion~ canno~ establish causal re- latlonshi~s.13-2N Even the 196g U. S. Surgeon General's port state~ that."s~atlstlcal methods cannot' establish proof | of a causal'relationship in an as~ociatlon.''26 U.S. Public Health Servlce= • Smokln~ and health. Re- port of the Advisory Co~ttem to the Sure,on General of the Public H~alth Service. W~sh~Kton, U.S. Depmmt-.. men~ of Health, Education, and Well,e, Public Health " Service ~ublica~ion No. 1103, I~6~. 387 9P- p. 20. ': Lance~ 2(8097): 978; November 4, 1978. The anomally that-'------Qouldn't go away.

03,17/98 TUE L3:49 FAX Ko£1er, S. ,.P~ssible Statements- Concerning Questions of -" stacis~ical'Cau~al Research. blet'rika 17(0):. 30-42; 1971. " BUr~, p.R.j.,.s Bees Smoking Cause Lung C~car? New Scient'is~ 61{88~9: 458-461, ¢65; 1974. ~ ~£~77 .. ~isher, ~nald A.', Lung C~cer ~a Ciga~ttes7 Natur~ 108; July IZ,..19S8. ~2X~I/ .. Bro~lee, ~.A., A Review off"[Smoking ~d Health"- ~scc 60CSll)" 722-739; 1965. Fisher, Ronald A., Smokin$: ~e C~cer ContrOversy- Oliver ~6 Boyd; 19S9. BSX'ch, P.R-ff. "Smoking and lunE cancer: the-problem of £n- £erri~E cause". Journal of the RoT~Z 3~a~'~s~Ical Soclet~, Series A, 141(P~ ~)? ~37~g77; 197~- ~age C~mmit~ee on Health, Welfare and Social Af'fairs, Hearin9, 28th ~azliamene, Ise Sess., May I~, 1969 (Ottawa,. ~he Queen's ~rineer, 19~9), pp. 1058-1078, - Dijkst~a, B. m king and Lung Cancer," Suid- Afrikaanse Kankerbu!latin 2313] : 87-109, Eysenck, H.~. ~"ne 'causes and effects of smoking- Beverly H!IIs, Call£o~n!a: 5age ~u~llcat$ons; 1981..

03. I7/98 TUE I3:49 FAX h- XISSEN, O. M. The Presen~ Status of Psychosomatic Cancer Research. Ger£aZrics ~: 129-37 t'1969}. a. PARNELL, R. W_ Smok:in~ and c~ncer_ b. DAMON, A. Constitution ~nd smoking. r-anc~t l: 96~ C£9S1}. Science 13~: 339 ~L951~ 93. ~urch, P. R.J. Smoking =,d health. Lancet 2(7768): 132-133; 1972. 95. 96. , 97. flu;oh. P.R.J. Smoking and hoalth. Lance____~r2(7792]: 142]-1424: 1972. Dutch. P.R.]. Smoking and c.onccr. Lancet 1(75t'}9): 939-940; 1973. Buzch, P.R.J.'Smoking=nd cancer, Lancet f(7815): 131S-1316; 1973. 1lurch, P. R, J. Smoking and cancer. Lancc~ 2(7820}: 102-1'03; 1973/ -7- c~,~~ 282023486