Tobacco Documents Online

Outline of Deposition of CLARENCE COOK LITTLE taken on behalf of plaintiffs on November 3, 1959 Direct pp. 188 188 188-189 189 189 190 191 191-192 192 193 193 194 not a medical doctor Scientific Director of Scientific Advisory Board of TIRC -- part time job formerly Chairman of Scientific Advisory Board purpose of TIRC to advise tobacco industry on worthy research projects, to try to find out more about causes of lung cancer, heart disease and other ailments supposedly related to use of tobacco TIRC includes all tobacco companies except Liggett & Myers has worked on cancer in mice for 52 years but has not published original research some people claim a statistical re- lationship between smoking and lung cancer facts show that in 9 out of i0 people at age 80 and 49 out of 50 there is no relationship because they don't have cancer when they smoke none of statistical studies show causation "every statistical paper showed the absence of relationship in the majority of people included in the study" Some people claim an increase in lung cancer among smokers but no one knows how much is real. Method of diagnosis greatly improved Not true that percentage of people getting cancer is higher among smokers than non- smokers according to present statistics

Direct 195-197 198 198-199 199 200-201 201 202 203 204 205 205 206 207 207 higher percentage of smokers getting cancer in some age groups - qualifies his answer in Blatnik hearings familiar with studies of Hammond and Dorn; he has no training in statistics Hammond and Horn statistics purport to show that the more a person smokes the higher risk he has of developing lung cancer but Hammond and Horn have never published their primary data Drs. Lumbard and Snegireff in Boston do not believe there is a steady pro- gress in risk -- men can smoke without affecting statistics at all up to a certain point and then something hap- pens Lumbard's original study says age of greatest incidence of lung cancer is from 40 or 50 to 65 Does not recall whether Lumbard found higher incidence of lung cancer in smokers than in non-smokers but thinks Lumbard did so find for middle age group Dorn's study shows higher incidence for "lung cancer age" group among smokers majority of statistical studies show an association between smoking and lung cancer in people in the lung cancer age thinks constitutional predisposition is the important factor in determining whether a smoker will get lung cancer in early stages of X-ray, skin cancer in doctors who used it without shielding themselves effect between short wave irradiation and leukemia many people have been subjected to X-rays without getting leukemia X-ray specialist has higher chance of developing leukemia than person who is not in X-ray work knows of no greater incidence of leukemia among radiologists than among general public -2-

Direct 207-208 208-209 209 210-212 212-213 215-216 216 218-219 219-220 220 221 221 222 was a study showing higher incidence of cancer of scrotum among English chimney sweeps than among general population lower incidence of cancer of the penis among Jews than among Gentiles; cir- cumcision may be a factor Jewish women have less cancer of the uterus than non-Jewish women Does not know whether those with greater contact with tuberculosis have higher incidence of it than those not connected with it exposure to tuberculosis or influenza does not create the susceptibility to the disease. Whether person who is ex- posed to it gets the disease depends on his own susceptibility susceptible people may pick up a disease earlier than they otherwise would have by intense exposure to it can't get tuberculosis without being exposed to it but everybody who is ex- posed to it does not get it; it depends on whether the person is susceptible in 1944 as managing director of ACS he advised people not to inhale material which was irritating to their lungs, in- cluding smoke, exhaust, cold air his 1944 statement was not intended to show any cause and effect relationship of any definable nature 1944 statement said it would be unwise to fill lungs with fine particles in tobacco smoke 1944 statement was wrong because experi- ments of cause and effect relationship don't believe the smoke particles to which he referred have anything to do with cancer he has definitely stated that he does not think smoking is the cause of lung cancer. If it contributes anything, it is a minor factor fact that 9 out of i0 smokers don't get it shows that smoking is not the cause -3-

Direct 223-224 224-225 226 226-227 229 230 231 233 234 235 236 Dr. Hammond's opinion differs from his Hammond first implicated smoking and lung cancer and later implicates smoking with a general debility because he found what he believed to be a valid statistical as- sociation between smoking and lung cancer, cancer of prostate, cancer of stomach, duodenal ulcers and cirrhosis of liver wants lung cancer study to continue has not made suggestions to ATCo regarding reducing amounts of tar and nicotine or about using filters has not told Hanmer about research on relationship of smoking to cancer and heart disease or tried to influence any of the tobacco companies' research benzpyrene is carcinogenic to animals but has never been found in a cancer in man scientists on one of TIRC grants claimed nicotine affected cardiovascular system of rabbits animal tests indicate a line of work to be followed with humans but results are not always transferable doesn't recall any work on lowering temperature of combustion in cigarettes Hill & Knowlton is Public Relations firm for TIRC TIRC has been absolutely free from in- dustry opinion and pressure Cross 237-238 Little's previous training and experience included 50 years of research on cause and nature of cancer in animals Redirect 238-239 in his work he examined tissues but also had a full-time trained pathologist to do it -4-