Tobacco Documents Online

The members of the Tobacco Working Croup (TNG), together with affiliations, are listed in Attachment I. The following members attended the present meeting. Dr. Carl C, Baker, Chairman Dr~ Fred C. Beck Dr. RosweIl K. Boutwell Dr. Cio B. Corl Dr. ~Tarles Kensler Dr. Cmberte Safflottl Dr. M, rray Senkus Dr. A. H. Spears Dr. T. C. Tso Dr. Benjamin L. Van Duuren Dr. Relmut Wakeham Dr. Ernest L. Wynder These members were. absent: Dr. llnn~ L. Falk, Dr. Gardner C. NcMilla, and Dr. Marvin A. Schnelderman Dr. Carl O. Baker, Chairman of the TWO end now Director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), had invited special speakers to the present ~etlng, namely. Dr. Oscar Auerbach of the Veterans Hospital in Orange, N. J., Dr. John Berg and Dr. Robert Huebner of the NCI. Drs. Auerbach. Berg and Buehner stayed only for their part of the program. Introductory Remarks by_ Dr. Bakert Chairman Dr. Baker called for df~cu.qslon of minutes of the preeedinp, three meetings of tlTe TNC; the ndnutes were adopted with some ~]tght nvodilicattons. He then discussed a few changes within the NCI which occurred as a result el hi6 recent promotion to the office of the Director of the NCI. Dr. Frank J. Rauseher has replaced him as Read of Etiology at NCI. Dr. John Berg and Dr. Robert Huebner recently Joined the NCI. Dr. Ruebner is particu- larly noted for his theory on the roles of viruses in the causation of cancer. De is heading up a large program in this area, Dr, Bars ia a noted pathologist, I QItAt ITy C~ l II[ll l)[l'] lq P,W~P4tlIA+,II~JIt ,~, IIAI m Idl ,rd tI~14 I,~I I+AII-" II'~I ....

i. W. ~PG ~oCt|ng Nov, 9-10. 1970 Dr, Baker expressed concern over the fact that the appropriation by the Covcnuaent for the tWC program is only $886,000. lle feels that this is much too low although he will be able to channel funds from other sources into this program. ~Ith re~pect to the oyez'all cance~ program, he called atte~tio~ to Senator Ynrbrouflh'~ l~csolutJou introduced before the Senate oa Harch 25p 1970, Tim SvBolntlon, confonsozed by 46 other Senatorsj called for establishment of |t COIItllt|{tco of ~cientlBta and ]aymen to (]} egamlll~ thc adequDcy of present c/inc[,r i-(!~i(,alcIip al~d (~ recoll~UOlld to tb0 Sennt(~ wbat [Ic~'ds to he dOl~ tO achieve thu (ol~trol of filmier foruil~ of C~BCOy by 1976. One objective of the special panel would be to h|ghllght tile goal to cure cancer by the 200th birthday of the United States of America, The panel consists of many noted scientists, doctors and lay people. Anlong the lay people that Dr. Baker singled out are Elmer Bobst, a very close friend of President Nixon and former Chairman of the Board of Nal~ler-Lambert, Emerson Foote, a noted former advertising agent, a[~d Laurmlce Rockefeller of the Rockefeller Foundation. The panel is expected to issue its report In November 1970 and it is being a,w~lted wltb eager ~ntlcipat~on. Positive actio~ would require a massive effort with an annual budget al,proachinS a billion dollars. ]n the conclndlng introductory remarks, Dr. Baker thanked R. J. Beynolds Tobacco Company for the donation of the 23 lots of cigarettes for the tests which had been planhed by the TWG. No also acknowledged the con- tTibu~i~s made by gaaeric~ Eaehin~ b FoundrN and the ~chweit~e¢ Compa~ to this program. Dr. Baker then introduced Dr. Ernest Wynder who reported on recently held meeting which he had organized. Discussion by Br. Ernest ~ n~ Early tbls year, Dr. Wy~der, President of the American Nealth Foundation, had called together a number of ecle~tlsts and medical people wbose mission would be, as he put it~ "to accomplish a less harmful clgaratte"° Dr. Wynder pointed out that in organizing the meeting, he had excluded all scientists who were associated directly with a tobacco company. The Co~gaitte~ was subdSvldcd into four groupsI namely, a Biological Subcon~nlttee - Dr. Nmberto gafflotti, Chairman; a Chemical Subcommittee - Dr. Dietrich Noffman, Chairman; ~n Epidemlology Subcon~ittee - Dr. f. D. J. Bross, Chairman; and a Cardivascular Subcommittee - Dr. g. A. Hurphy~ Chairman.* • he ~etiug ~asted four days; for most of the time, the 6ubcomlttee~ ~t separately to discuss their 6peeifi¢ missions. Dr, Dietrich ~offman (American Health ~ou~dat£~) D~. I. D. J. arose (Roswell Park Hemorlal Instltute~ Buffalo, H. Y.) Dr. E. A, Rurphy (Johns Nopkln~ University untll early 1967; he £$ ptesently at the UnLverslty of Colorado)

3 ~WO Heetlng NOV. 9-10, 1970 The Chemlcal Subcommittee attempted to identify and rate the blologlc~l activity of ~u~pcct ingredients of tobacco smoke. Their mls~ion Also Is to select appropriate £echnlques for analyses of ~moke a~d tobacco. The Biologle~l Suhco~ittec is charged with selection of biological essays and, In partlcu]ar, to develop addlttonal biologlcal assays that could h~ ~e ¢~Bely ~o~el~ted ~Ith humans. The Epldemlolegy Subeo~ulttee will review the existing statistical data on ~.'un. DZ° Wynder called attention to his pub]leatlon in the Journal of the American Hedlcal Association (JAMA), September 28, 1970, Vol. 213, page 2221. A copy of Dr. Wynder's abstract of his paper is attached - Attachment If. He claims tha~ his studies on h~ma~s show that as exposure to ta~ decreasesD the r~k o~ lung" c~cer deeTeases a1~o° ~ne exposure to tar, as stated by him, can he decreased by (1) switching from nonfllter to filter cigarettes, (2) Gmokl,g fewer clgarettes, e,d (3) complete cessation of smoking. The Cardiovascular Subcommittee will concern itself with the effect of carbon monoxlde and/or nicotine c~ the circulatory system; also to deteI~iuo if there is correlation between s~klng ~d chol~stero~ depositto~, He thinks there Is. He also.feels that smoking is a factor In the acute episode. Dr. Wynder will continue to ho]d meetings of this Co~uLttee and will report at forthcoming meetings of the ~G. DiseusBion by Dr~ Oscar Auethach Dr, Baker introduced Dr. Auerbaeh who discussed his experiments on the ~moklng dogs. Dr. Auerbach gave in full his paper which he had presented at the Annual Meeting of the AMA on June 24 of this year In Chicago. The d~ta he presented were no different from those presented at earlier meetlng~. Briefly, he smoked five groups of dogs, as shOWn In the table whlch follows.

'l~B Ih'c~l luLl~ NI~V. ~-l{J+ J!klO No, of Dogs in Grou~__ c s F 12 L 12 h 38 Cx m Controls, Fxx = Filter 4" Fxxx = Nonfilter Averal~e Cigarettes per day Smoked Wt. of Dogs. No, of Clgs. Duration Range Equivalent to of g~king in Pound_~s 150-1b. man None None 20-29 None 875 7 Fx× 20-29 42 875 3.5 NFxxx 20-29 21 875 7 NFxxx 20-29 42 87g 7 NFx~x 29-39 33 in progress Smoking tubes placed in excised tracheas but not sh~ smoked, The f|rst part of Dr. Auerbach's experiment lasted 875 days. Termination of this part of the expcrJment Was Based on death of SOS of the animals in Group ]1, thc h|ghe~t expot;llle ~;roup. At thls point, on (lay ~875 In February ]970, aurvivJng animals dn Croups F, L, C and I1 were sae'rlficed and tissues in the respiratory tracts were examlned and slddes were prepared therefrom. VERY I~ORTANT POINT - It will be recalled that the slides shown at his presentatlons up until June 1970 and those submitted with his paper to the JA~L~ were of low quality. The slides he nov has in hand are of excellent quality. Based on present slides, Dr. Berg, cytologist at the NCI, concluded lhat Dr. Auerbach has produced cancer in Croup H dogs (20-29 lbs,) (7 nonfllter cigarettes per day). I)rs. Baker, Saffiotti and Boek agreed with Dr. Berg, lit, Berg also said, in col[~entiug on Dr. Auerbncgls presentation, "if you s~ the same kinds of cells in the human lung you would remove tha lung irom the human being". Dr. Auerbaeh regretted his poor Judgement in exhibiting his earlier slides which he acknowledges were of poor quality. De now has complete confidence in his present photographs and slides and will permit any competent pathologist to examine the photographs and slides and his present microscopic material, Dr, Berg has already done so. Dr. Auerbaeh announced that it would be futile to satisfy 18 editorial critics of JkMh and therefore has withdrawn his paper from the dANA and that a revised paper of his work Is to appear ~n AR~I1VEE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, Vol, 21, No. 6, December 1970, a specialty Journal of the AMA, In the question and answer period which followed, I made the point that owing to his smoking teehnlques~ the chemical composition of tobacco smoke presented to the respiratory tract of the dog Is very much different f~om the chemical composlton of the tobacco smoke presented to the resplratoz7 tract

5 ?~g Heetin~ Nov. 9-10. 1970 of man In normal ~lokillg, I pointed out that this dtffer0nce is not simply a m,~tter of dc~re~, tt is a matter of kind. Dr. Beck of Roswell Park agreed with ~l~ ~nd ~lated further that the.re h~s not been su[~lcient attention Raid (o the, t ll~.l~lc~ll compo~:Jlion of I~moke presented [o tile dog~ in the design of the At~rbl~ch dog pXp~rltapLIL. Dr, Au~rh~ch took sharp exception to ~Y romarkg~ ~yiu[: that ], in ~sklng thnt q~l(~stio~, wa~ m~sinterpre~ng the obJ~ctiveg of hf~ experiment, ~il~ ~)J~cLtve, a6 he stated~ was to determine the effectg o~ t~c~ ~moke On th~ respi~ato~ t~act of beagles. ~e said ~at it e~n be concluded, b~Lsed On his exporin~nt$, that smok~ from nonfll~e~ ciga~etteg wll~ produce cancer ~n the respiratory tract6 of do~, As stated ~bove, experiments oa dogs in Groups C, F, L and g have been completed; ho~eve~ it is to b~ noted thgt dogs in Group b were not s~cri~¢ed, S~loking of these h~v£est do~s (29-39 lbs.) at ~n average of 7 nonf~lter cigarettes per day, is ~tt|| In progress, lie egid lie expecte to r~port o1~ these do~s ~fter they h~ve oll died. Dr. P, or~ to repor~ on the meeting of the Liaison 6ubco~£~tee of the Jofnt ~o~ittee on To~¢¢o and geglth. Dr. Gor$~ Report on Liaison Subcommittee Dr. Gori reported that the Lialson gubeo~ittee me£ in La Jo~la~ Ca)ifornia on October 22-23, 1970. In gene~al terms, the objective of the Liai~o1~ $uhco~mltttee, organized ~t the AHA meetlug in San Francisco ~ JL~%e 1968, is to coL~ttn~ally review work on smoklu$ and health which IB being conducted now by the AMA (suilporLed by the tobacco Indu~t~y), by the CTRi • ~nd the NCIp m~d to reeow1~nd further work in these ~rea$° Based on his interpretation of the La Jolla meeting, Dr. Gori reported tbat the CTR is becoming increasingly more m~ssion or~ented~ n0~ne~y, at le~gt ¸half of its program now has a structured approach. In his words~ the AMA eont~nue~ to maintsin 8 refractory ~tt~tude to the structuring Of its resesrch effort. Dr. Wynder was appalled at the ~mount of money that ~s being 8pent~ by both the AMA ~nd the CTR, on what be regarded as an un¢oordf~ated effort. - lie fee]s that if ~II of the money being ~pent by the AMA~ the CTR a~d the NCI were pooled a~d the effort ¢oordi~atedp I'~ ~afer cigarette would be • ealized more quicklyu. At this point, the meeting broke up for lunch.

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¢ ? ~'t#G H~eting Nov, 9-10o ]~70 Hc'lJl~eil~ oJ" thc~ NC~! tLave exa~{n¢,cl the ~nlokfug machine now befng used by th~ TRC Labor~tories in l]arrog.~t~, England. It l~ regarded as the be~t from sLandpoint o~ ~lc(~ntcal design buL it is o~ectionable because IIone ~ac]~fue peY ~nima]II would be too expensive, TRC worke~6 are ~design~ng th~ ' ~ac]~fue to ~ermit ~mokiug mo~e ~nimal~ per machine. The ~eeting ~dJourned fo£ th~ d~y ~nd ~s resumed o~ ~uesd~ November IO, for discussion of progres~ on ~ssay~ on the 93 cigarettes vhfch ~e~e fu~li~hed to the NCI by Reynolds. Tcstin~ of 23 ~j~eR. of CJ~arettee by tile ~C~ Dr. (;ori rel~orted th~ the ~mok|n8 of the 23 typ~s o~ c~garettes and Lhe coll~.ction o~ condensaLc Js ~ow In p~ogress. Hazleton Laboratoriee have ~tartod ~kin ~atutl~g experin~ents on these ¢oudensates. O~i~g to the high n~cotine conte~t of the s~oke of several of the type~ of c~garettes in L~is ~oup, it ~as necessary for Haz~eto~ to depart from the customary levels of application of tobacco ~moke Condo~6a~e, ~he original protocol required IO0 ~11igr~ms three times ~eekly. Because of the high nicotine content. Hazleton fs no~ applyLug lo~er amounts six times weekly° A~ of Septer~er 30~ 1970~ seven experimental a~imu[~ h~ve characteri~tic legion,s on their skius. One of these is attributable to the so-called Standard Exp~rinle~tal ~lend. Dr. Wynder pointed out, howeverI that it is much too early to ~aw ~ny conclusion6, ~n another series of b~o-assays~ A. D. L~ttle ~ conducting tests on the cilla, u~ing ~ho]e smoke produced from these c~garettes. $o~e preliminary data h~ve been obtained and d~fferences are apparent~ but no Conclusions can be dra~n at th~s time. Dr. Gori reported that the NCI is e~ploying a laboratory at Osk Ridge to ~ake chemical analyses of the tobacco blends of cach of the 23 types and the chemical compositio,~ of the ~moke from ~hese ciga~ettes, Upon reviewfn~ the preliminary data w|l|c~ were presented to the ~GI ] pointed out that th~ ~esulL~ which have be~n obtained are not ~ ~g~eer~nt ~th so~ published v~lues| for example, the acrolein v~lue is ~out one-half o£ ~l~a~ mi~llt be expected. It was agreed that the NCI wfll subm~ ~0me of the . cig~ette~ to the tobacco eo~anies for lnLe~l~or~to~y co~arl~ons of the ~z~ytical d~tao Dr. Cori t~n announced that t~o types of ciga~ettes in the ~er~es ~ere too toxfe for ani~a] skin painting. Since these types could ~ot be ~ucluded ~n the painting e~periz~nts, so~e ~00 ~ice ~ere thus made ~vallable for o~her : mouse paintiug studfes. The RCE then dec£ded to test ~ee'types of Celanese ci~.arectes, nsmely, (1) 100~ Celanese synthetic tobacco, (2) 50-50 mixture of Cola~ese material and a tobacco blendI aad (3) all tobacco blend used Sn the 50-50 m~xtu~e. Te~t~ng wu to begin in t~o ~eeks°

'i14G ~R.ot i~g Nov. 9-10, 1970 Several menzbe~s of tile ~G expressed sur~rLse that Dr. Gor£ had ~]surp~d the function of Lilt TNG by agreeing to test tile Cel~no~ mat~rlal. Dr. Kens]er tben mad~ tho motloN [h.~t testln~ of the Ce]aneBe rnate~i~l be delayed ~iTzt|] dlflcusstol~s |lave been hold with ~ll ~l~mber~ of Lho tobacco ~TIdLL~L]y IILld other I~zod11((.rB oJ 6ynth~J(! tob~cc(l. At tb~t ~e~t[ng ~t W~ ~I' d~.~(~rmilzc.d wli~.(h~.l otl,er ~yl~.tlc tob~cros ~r~ ~vail~b~ for telling. ThI! mot J~in l):~::~.~l; th~ m~.etJil~ ho~ b~e;~ ~ch(.duled for November 181 1970 ~C tb~ NCi In Wii~bhlgto~. Three s]ots are available for testing o[ synLhetle tobaccos. In addiCion to Cola~ese~ potential candidates are A]4&F. $cbweltzer and ~Cl. ~n attempt wil] be made on November 18 to a~algn pr£oritles~ using aa a hasps the ava£1abillty of material for immediate te~ttng. On Lht~ b~i~ ~on~ no ~o th~n th~e col~p~[~ carl ~ t]tts ~equ~e~en~o Next Meet|nJ£ of the Tobacco Working Grgu~j~ For tile itext meeting of the ~O~ It was tentatively agreed to meet i, ~Ds|itngtoz~ ~q~ ¥~hru~ry 22-23. 19~. Dr. ~af~iotkl fe~k t~a~ at that ~ Bomo ro~ults witl be available on the 23 types of clgarette~. Hg:h~B

A'I'TAC}U'~NT I ~IE TOBACCO WORKING GROUP Dr. Cnrl G, Baker (Chairman) IPlr~ ctOr )hlt~ou~l Cancer I11stitut~ %It. Fred G. Boek i*ll,'c£or, Orchard Park Laboratories Soswell Park Memorlal Institute Dr. Roswell K. Boutwell P*ofessor of Ontology ~cArd1~ Laboz~tory toy Cm~cer MeBearch Unlver~Jty of Wisconsin Dr. ILans L. Fa]k ~%soc. Dlrec|o[ for Laboratory Resoarch National Institute of Env~ronmentol Realth Sciences Dr. Gio B. Gori (Executive Secretary) A~.soc. Scientific Director for Pro@ram Etiology~ National Cancer l~stitute Dr. Charles J, Kensler SI'Lltor Vice Prcs~de11~ Arthur D. Little, Inc. Dr. Gardner C. McMillan ~lief. Arteriosclerotic Disease Branch N~tional Heart and Lung I~stltute Dr. Ernest L. Wynder President ~rica~ lleatG~ Foundation Dr. Omherto Safflottl Associate Bclentlfl¢ Director . for Carcino~enesls, Etfology Dr. Marvin A. DeDneidezm~n Associate Chief, Biometry Branch Etiology, National Cancer Institute Dr. Hurray Senku$ Director of Research R. J. Re~nolds Dr. A. W. Spears Director Research and Development Lorlllard Research Ce~ter Dr. T, C. Tso Plant Physiologist Leader, Tobacco Quality Investigations Agriculture Research Service Dr. Benjamin L. Van Duuren Professor of Environmental Medicine New York Univ. Medical Cente~ Dr. Delmut Wakeham Corporate Research & Development Philip Merrls, lnc,

10 ATTAGIIHENT I][ ABSTRACT-- TIlE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUNG CANCI~R Ernest L. Wynder, M.U.~ Kiyohiko Mabuchi, M.D.; and Edward J. Beettie, Jr,, H,D, A retrospective epidor,,iolo~,ic inver, tigntion of 350 lung cancer patients ionfirmed the close assoc|atiot) between cigarette smoking and lung ¢aacer~ pnrtirul~l'ly of the ~quamous and oa~ cell type6. New trends i~ this study i.how that thero is a decrease in relative risk for those pstients developing lung cancer ten yea~s after they have switched to filter cigarettesl possibly due to the lowcr "tar" content ~n filter cigarcttes ~moked by these patients, The risk also decline6 after complete ce6sa[lon Of 6moking and appears to approach the level of nonsmokers ~ter 13 yeazs of no~ 6moking. FuTLher efforts to produce |es$ harmful tobacco products should • be continued and expanded although no 6m~ing or ce68ation of smoking IB the most effectivo U~evention against lung cancer°